Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 4 views

    Topic 6 BPS1011 WK6 IL 2023

    Uploaded by

    tmg.35566
    The document discusses diffusion, action potentials, and graded potentials. It describes the phases of the action potential in relation to membrane permeability changes and explains the relationship between membrane potential, action potential, and sodium and potassium equilibrium potentials. The document also discusses graded potentials and compares them with action potentials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Topic 6 BPS1011 WK6 IL 2023

    Uploaded by

    tmg.35566
    4 views5 pages
    The document discusses diffusion, action potentials, and graded potentials. It describes the phases of the action potential in relation to membrane permeability changes and explains the relationship between membrane potential, action potential, and sodium and potassium equilibrium potentials. The document also discusses graded potentials and compares them with action potentials.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses diffusion, action potentials, and graded potentials. It describes the phases of the action potential in relation to membrane permeability changes and explains the relationship between membrane potential, action potential, and sodium and potassium equilibrium potentials. The document also discusses graded potentials and compares them with action potentials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views5 pages

    Topic 6 BPS1011 WK6 IL 2023

    Uploaded by

    tmg.35566
    The document discusses diffusion, action potentials, and graded potentials. It describes the phases of the action potential in relation to membrane permeability changes and explains the relationship between membrane potential, action potential, and sodium and potassium equilibrium potentials. The document also discusses graded potentials and compares them with action potentials.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    4/4/2023

    Questions about diffusion and action


    potentials!
    1. List the factors that affect diffusion (with and without a
    membrane)

    EXPLORE TOPIC 2: 2. Describe the different phases of the action potential


    with respect to changes in membrane permeability
    Diffusion and action
    potentials
    3. Explain the relationship between membrane potential,
    the action potential and the equilibrium potentials (for
    Na+ and K+)

    1
    4/4/2023

    Describe the different phases of the action potential with


    respect to changes in membrane permeability (10 marks)

    Resting membrane potential K+


    Depolarisation Na+
    Repolarisation K+
    After hyperpolarisation K+
    Resting membrane potential K+

    Explain the relationship between membrane potential, the


    action potential and the equilibrium potentials (for Na+ and K+)
    (10 marks)

    Definition of membrane potential


    Definition of the action potential
    Definition of the equilibrium potential
    Relate equilibrium potential for Na+ to peak of AP
    Relate equilibrium potential for K+ to peak of AP

    https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biolog
    y/human-biology/neuron-nervous-
    system/a/the-synapse

    2
    4/4/2023

    Action potentials are unidirectional Refractory periods


    • Action potentials are triggered at the axon hillock or initial
    • Means only 1 way the AP can go
    segment of the axon and only ever travel away from the cell
    body (soma) towards the axon terminal. This is due to the
    refractory period, where the area of the membrane that has just
    undergone an action potential is non-responsive.

    • Can anyone suggest a reason why, during an AP, a second


    stimulus will NOT produce a second AP?
    •…

    • Immediately after an AP, a second stimulus may produce another


    AP only if the stimulus is greater than usual, because: …
    10

    Refractory periods Myelin


    • Insulator
    • Means only 1 way the AP can go
    • Formed by glial cells
    • Axons
    • Increase rate of action
    potential firing
    • Saltatory conduction

    as.wvu.edu

    11
    From Silverthorn 2nd Ed wikipedia

    3
    4/4/2023

    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating


    Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease
    • What is the role of myelin and how
    • What is happening in the does it promote this action?
    body of someone with MS? • What is the outcome when myelin
    producing cells are lost?
    • Why is this an issue?

    http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_
    multiple_sclerosis.svg
    13 14

    Graded potentials occur everywhere else


    in a neuron (except along the axon)
    • Many different ions and ion channels can be involved, e.g. Na+,
    K+, Cl-, Ca2+
    • These ion channels are not always voltage-gated, they often
    EXPLORE TOPIC 3: Graded respond to a ligand (extracellular or intracellular)
    potentials • Graded potentials:
    • may be excitatory or inhibitory (whether the membrane
    potential is taken further away or closer to threshold)
    • are variable
    • Their relative strength depends
    on the:
    • type of input
    • Amount
    • direction of the change in membrane potential
    (EPSP versus IPSP)

    4
    4/4/2023

    Graded potentials occur everywhere else


    Neuronal potentials: action and graded
    in a neurone (except along the axon)
    Action potential Graded potential

    • Graded potentials: Location (occur where on


    neuronal membrane?)
    • diminish in strength
    • can be summed (temporally – involving timing or frequency, Ions and ion channels
    or spatially – because of the surface area and number of involved. Types of ion
    channels?
    channels involved at a particular point in time)
    Characteristic profile -
    • Graded potentials are required to trigger an action potential – appearance
    how?
    • Graded potentials are required when releasing
    neurotransmitter – what ion is involved? Relative strength; ability
    to summate

    Compare these features with those of an action potential Role/s

    Graded potentials: what are the differences


    between panel A and B?

    A B

    You might also like