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    Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior

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    Lexie Pepe
    The document summarizes the key aspects of how the nervous system operates. It discusses the basic units of neurons, their structure and functions. It describes how neurons receive, integrate and transmit information via action potentials and neurotransmitters. It also outlines several major brain structures and their functions, including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, corpus callosum and how they contribute to processes like movement, memory, language and vision.

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    Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior

    Uploaded by

    Lexie Pepe
    87 views3 pages
    The document summarizes the key aspects of how the nervous system operates. It discusses the basic units of neurons, their structure and functions. It describes how neurons receive, integrate and transmit information via action potentials and neurotransmitters. It also outlines several major brain structures and their functions, including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, corpus callosum and how they contribute to processes like movement, memory, language and vision.

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    Psych Notes

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    The document summarizes the key aspects of how the nervous system operates. It discusses the basic units of neurons, their structure and functions. It describes how neurons receive, integrate and transmit information via action potentials and neurotransmitters. It also outlines several major brain structures and their functions, including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, corpus callosum and how they contribute to processes like movement, memory, language and vision.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    87 views3 pages

    Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior

    Uploaded by

    Lexie Pepe
    The document summarizes the key aspects of how the nervous system operates. It discusses the basic units of neurons, their structure and functions. It describes how neurons receive, integrate and transmit information via action potentials and neurotransmitters. It also outlines several major brain structures and their functions, including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, corpus callosum and how they contribute to processes like movement, memory, language and vision.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior

    1. How does the nervous system operate?


    a. The central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord
    b. Peripheral: all nerve cells that are not of the central
    i. Automatic and stomatic
    2. Basic units of the system
    a. Neurons: cells that receive integrate and transmit information
    3. Functions of neurons
    a. Reception
    i. chemical signals are received
    b. Integration
    i. incoming signals are assessed
    c. Transmission
    i. the signals are sent
    4. Types of neurons
    a. Sensory neurons
    i. detect information from the physical world and pass that information
    b. Motor neurons
    i. Direct muscles to contract or relax
    c. Interneurons
    i. These communicate within local or short distances
    5. Structure of the neuron
    a. Dendrite
    i. Extensions that detect from others
    b. Cell body coma
    1. The site where info is collected
    c. Axon
    i. Outgrowths info conducted info travels down here
    d. Terminal button
    i. End of axon, release chemical signals
    e. Synapse
    i. Gap between axon and dendrites the communication occurs here
    6. Action potentials
    a. Neural firing: the signal passes along the axon and causes the release
    7. Resting membrane potential
    a. The electrical charge is not active
    b. Polarized when a neuron had more negative ions inside it than outside
    i. Polarized creates the electrical
    ii. energy necessary to power the firing of the neuron
    c. Sodium and potassium ions contribute to a neurons resting membrane
    d. Sodium potassium pump mechanism in the membrane that contributes to
    polarization
    8. Changes lease to action
    a. Receive chemical signals from nearby neurons
    i. Excitatory signals depolarize the cell membrane increains the likelihood
    that neurin will fire
    ii. Inhibitory hyperpolarize the cell, decreasing the likelihood neuron will
    fire
    b. When the neuron fires the insdie fo the neuron becomes slightly more positive
    charged
    c. Threshold for an action potential to occur is -55mV
    d. Myelin sheath
    i. A fatty matieral made up of glial celss that insulates some axons to allow
    for faster movement
    e. Nodes of ranvier
    i. Small gaps of exposed axon between segments of myelin sheath, where
    action potential takes place
    9. All of none principle
    a. When a neuron fires it fires with the same potency each time a neuron either
    fires or not
    b. The threshold for a neuron firing is -55mV
    c. Its going to fire or it will not fire
    10. Neurontranmitters
    a. Chemical substances that transmit signals from one to another
    b. Receptors: in neurons nt bind to these molecules after passing across the
    synapse
    c. Thre major events that terminate the nt influence in the synapse
    i. Reuptake: nt is reabosorbed into the presynaptic terminal buttons
    ii. Enzyme deactivations: destroy nt
    iii. Autorecption: signlas the ps to stop relaseing
    11. Agonists and antagonists
    a. Agonists: enhance the actions of nt
    b. Antagonists inhibit the actions
    12. Types of nt
    a. Acetylcholine: responsible for motor control
    b. Norepinephrine: involved in states of arousal and attention
    c. Serotonin: emotional states impulse controls
    d. Dopamine: in motivation reward and motor control
    e. Gaba: inhibitory transmitter in the ns
    f. Glutamate: primary excatiroty
    g. Endorphins: natural pain reduction and reward
    13. Brain functions
    a. Prune
    b. Brocas area: small portion of the left frontal region of the brain crucial for the
    production of language
    c. Wernickes area: in the comprehension of both written and spoken language
    14. Brain structures
    a. Cerebellum: coordinated movement and balance
    b. Cerebral cortex: all thoughts, preceptions thre are four lobes
    i. Occipital back of the brain important for vision
    ii. Parietal sense of touch and attention to the environment
    iii. Temporal for auditory for memory and object face perception
    iv. Frontal at the front for movement and psychological processes
    v. Prefrontal cortex for attention
    c. Corpus callosum: connects hemispheres and allow for info to flow
    d.

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