1120231-CO - EEC - All Board Papers With Answers

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Summer– 2018 Examinations
Model Answer Subject Code: 22215 (EEC)
Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model
answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner should assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given importance.
(Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills).
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure.
The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner should give credit for
any equivalent figure/figures drawn.
5) Credits to be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer (as long
as the assumptions are not incorrect).
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept
Page No: 1 of 16
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1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10
1 a) Define Faraday’s first law of electromagnetic induction.

Ans:
Faraday’s First Law:
Whenever a changing magnetic flux links with a conductor, an emf is induced in that 2 Marks
conductor.
OR
When a conductor cuts across magnetic field, an emf is induced in that conductor.
1 b) Define :
(i) Form factor
(ii) Peak factor
Ans:
(i) Form factor:
The form factor of an alternating quantity is defined as the ratio of the RMS value to
the average value.
Form factor = Irms/Iav = 0 .707 Im / 0.637 Im = 1.11 (For sinusoidal quantity)
OR
Form factor = Vrms/Vav = 0 .707 Vm / 0.637 Vm = 1.11 (For sinusoidal quantity) 1 Mark for
(ii) Peak factor: each
The peak factor of an alternating quantity is defined as the ratio of its maximum value Definition
to the rms value.
Peak factor = Vm /Vrms = 1.414 (For sinusoidal quantity)
OR
Peak factor = Im /Irms = 1.414 (For sinusoidal quantity)
1 c) Draw 3- phase voltage waveform of a.c. supply with respect to time.

Ans:
Three-phase Voltage waveform representation of three phase supply:
2 Marks for
labeled
waveform
1 Mark for
unlabeled
waveform
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1 d) State working principle of transformer.

Ans:
Working principle of transformer :
Transformer works on the principle of mutual electromagnetic induction. When AC
voltage is applied to the primary winding it causes ac current to flow through primary
2 Marks
winding which produces alternating flux in the core. This changing flux links with the
secondary winding and according to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, an emf
is induced in the secondary winding. The current flows in the secondary circuit if load is
connected.
1 e) Write two applications of D.C. series motor.

Ans: 1 Mark for
The applications of D.C. series motor: each of any 2
1. Cranes 2. Hoists 3. Trolley and cars 4. Conveyors applications
5. For traction work i.e. electric locomotives 6. Elevator 7. Air compressor = 2 Marks
1 f) List different types of stepper motor. State one application of stepper motor.
Ans:
Types of stepper motor : Any two
(i)Variable – reluctance motor Types
(ii) Permanent- magnet motors 1 Mark
(iii) Hybrid motors. +
Any one
Applications of stepper motor : Application
In robotics, 1 Mark
In CNC machines, =
In computers, printers, tape readers, 2 Marks
In Watches,
In biomedical applications such as X-ray machines, CT scan,
In Process control systems.
1 g) State function of ELCB.

Ans:
Functions of ELCB: Any one
1. Provides protection to apparatus by detecting the unsafe magnitudes of leakage function
currents diverting to earth. = 2 Marks
2. Disconnect the supply to the circuit if line to ground fault occurs.
3. Provides protection to users by detecting the unsafe magnitudes of leakage
currents diverting to earth.
2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12
Page No: 3 of 16
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2 a) Explain with neat diagram series and parallel magnetic circuits.

Ans:
Series magnetic circuit: When different magnetic materials having different lengths, 1 Mark
cross sectional areas and permeability are connected one after another, in which same Explanation
flux is established in different sections, then it is called series magnetic circuit.
Valid Figure
1 Mark
Fig. Series magnetic circuit

Parallel magnetic circuit: Magnetic circuit which has more than one path for
magnetic flux, is called as parallel magnetic circuit. Reluctances are in parallel. 1 Mark
Total flux, Φ = Φ1 + Φ2 Explanation
Path 1: BAFE Path 2: BACD
Valid Figure
1 Mark
= 4 Marks
Fig. Parallel magnetic circuit.
2 b) Explain the concept of lagging and leading phase angle by waveform.

Ans:
i) Leading phase angle :
When two ac quantities of same frequency do not attain their respective zero or
peak values simultaneously, then the quantities are said to be out-of-phase quantities. 2 Marks for
The quantity which attains the respective zero or peak value first, is called ‘Leading Explanation
Quantity’.
In the following first diagram, the voltage attains its zero or positive peak first
and after an angle of , the current attains its respective zero or positive peak value,
hence voltage is said to be leading the current by an angle of . Similarly, in the
second diagram, the current is said to be leading the voltage by .
ii) Lagging phase angle:

The quantity which attains the respective zero or peak value later, is called
‘Lagging Quantity’.
In the following first diagram, the current attains its zero or positive peak later than
the voltage after an angle of , hence current is said to be lagging the voltage by an
angle of . Similarly, in the second diagram, the voltage is said to be lagging the
current by .
Page No: 4 of 16
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2 Marks for
any one neat
labeled
diagram
2 c) Draw delta connected load. State relation between:

i) Line voltage and phase voltage.
ii) Line current and phase current.
Ans:
2 Marks for
neat labeled
diagram
and
2 Marks for
i) Relation between Line voltage and phase voltage in delta connection: relations
Line voltage = Phase voltage ( 1 mark
VL = Vph each)
ii) Relation between Line current and phase current in delta connection: = 4 Marks
Line current = √3 phase current
IL = √3 Iph
2 d) List the main parts of D.C. motor. Give the function of any two parts.
Ans:
Main parts of D.C. motor and their functions:
Part Functions
Yoke i) Provides mechanical support for poles.
ii) Acts as protecting cover for machine.
iii) Carries magnetic flux.
Pole Core & Pole i) Provides support for the field winding, which is 1 Mark for
Shoes placed around it. each of any
ii) Allows the field winding to produce magnetic flux four parts
in it. = 4 Marks
iii) Pole shoes spread out the magnetic flux over the
armature periphery more uniformly.
Page No: 5 of 16
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Field Winding Produces mmf and consequently magnetic flux when

carries current.
Armature i) It houses the armature conductors.
ii) It provides rotation of armature conductors in the
magnetic field.
Armature Winding Provides conductors to
- induce emf in it (in generator)
- produce force on it (in motor)
Commutator i) Works as media to collect from or to send current to
the armature winding.
ii) Helps to maintain unidirectional current in armature
winding.
Brush i) To inject or collect current from rotating armature
winding.
ii) To facilitate electrical connection of rotating
armature winding to external stationary circuit.
Bearings i) To support the rotor and reduce friction for smooth
rotation of rotor.
ii) Maintains rotor in a fixed physical position relative
to the stator.
Shaft Used to transfer mechanical power
3 a) Explain dynamic and static induced emf with neat diagram.

Ans:
Dynamically Induced EMF:-
 In this case, either coil moves or magnet moves, so that there is relative
motion between coil & magnetic field. Thus magnetic field is cut by coil &
emf is induced in it. The emf induced due to relative motion is called
dynamically induced emf. 1 Mark
 The expression for induced EMF is e = B.l.v.sinϕ
 Dynamically induced EMF is observed in DC generator, Induction Motors,
Back EMF in D.C. Motor, Alternators.
1 Mark for
diagram
Page No: 6 of 16
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Statically Induced EMF:-

 In this case, neither coil moves nor magnet moves. The changing magnetic
field links with stationary coil and emf is induced. The emf induced without
any motion is called statically induced emf.
 Statically induced EMF is having two main types:
 Self-induced EMF: The changing magnetic flux produced by coil
when links with the coil itself, the emf induced in it is called self-
induced emf. 1 Mark
 Mutually induced EMF : The changing magnetic flux produced by
one coil when links with the second coil, the emf is induced in second
coil. This emf is called mutually-induced emf.
 The expression for induced EMF is e= -L(di/dt) or = -N(dϕ/dt).
Self-induced EMF:
1 Mark for
any one
diagram
Mutually induced EMF :
3 b) Compare auto transformer with two winding transformer. (Any four Points)
Ans:
Comparison of Autotransformer with Two winding transformer:
Sr.
Autotransformer Two winding Transformer
No.
Only one winding, part of the
There are two separate windings for
1 winding is common for primary and
primary and secondary.
secondary.
No movable contact between
2 Movable contact exist
primary and secondary
Page No: 7 of 16
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Electrical connection between Electrical isolation between

3
primary and secondary. primary and secondary windings.
4 Comparatively lower losses. Comparatively more losses
Efficiency is more as compared to Efficiency is less as compared to 1 Mark for
5 each of any
two winding transformer. autotransformer.
Copper required is less, thus copper valid four
6 Copper required is more. points
is saved.
Core type or shell type core = 4 Marks
7 Spiral core construction
construction
Most of the general purpose
Special applications where variable
8 transformers where fixed voltage is
voltage is required.
required.
9 Cost is less Cost is more
10 Better voltage regulation Poor voltage regulation
11
Symbol of Two winding
Symbol of Autotransformer transformer
3 c) Draw and explain split phase induction motor.

Ans:
 The stator of a split-phase induction motor is provided with an auxiliary or
starting winding S in addition to the main or running winding M.
 The starting winding is located 90° electrical from the main winding and
operates only during the brief period when the motor starts up. The two 2 Marks for
windings are so designed that the starting winding S has a high resistance and diagram and
relatively small reactance while the main winding M has relatively low 2 Marks for
resistance and large reactance as shown in the schematic connections. explanation
Consequently, the currents flowing in the two windings have reasonable phase = 4 Marks
difference ( = 25° to 30°) as shown in the phasor diagram.
 When the two stator windings are energized from a single-phase supply, the
main winding carries current Im while the starting winding carries current Is.
Page No: 8 of 16
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 Since main winding is highly inductive while the starting winding is highly
resistive, the currents Im and Is have a reasonable phase angle ( = 25° to 30°)
between them.
 Consequently, a revolving field approximating to that of a 2-phase machine is
produced which starts the motor.
 When the motor reaches about 75% of synchronous speed, the centrifugal
switch opens the circuit of the starting winding. The motor then operates as a
single-phase induction motor and continues to accelerate till it reaches the
normal speed. The normal speed of the motor is below the synchronous speed
and depends upon the load on the motor.
3 d) Give the working of MCCB.

Ans:
Working of MCCB: ( Molded Case Circuit Breaker)
 The operating mechanism consisting of lever, spring, contacts etc. is used to
open or close the MCCB electrically.
 The arc extinguisher facilitates for the quenching of arc by lengthening it which 4 Marks for
is produced when MCCB gets opened and current is interrupted. explanation
 The trip unit is the brain of the circuit breaker. It senses the overload or short-
circuit condition and trip mechanism is operated to trip the MCCB.
 When overload occurs, the thermal relay mechanism permits overload for short
duration, then bimetal strip actuates the tripping mechanism to open the MCCB
contacts.
 When short-circuit occurs, large magnetic force produced by short-circuit
current operates the lever to trip the MCCB immediately and open the contacts.
4 a) Find relactance reluctance, flux, mmf required and exciting current for an iron ring
with 200 turns having diameter of 15cm and 10cm2 cross sectional area if flux density
1Wb/m2 and permeability of 500.
Ans:
Given:1) d =15 cm = 15 X 10-2 m = 0.15 2) a =10 cm2 = 10 X 10-4 m2
2
3) N = 200 4)B =1 Wb/m 5) μr = 500 6) μ0 = 4X 10-7
To find: 1) S = ? 2) ϕ = ? 3) mmf = ? 4) I = ?
1.Reluctance:
𝑙
S=
μ0 μ𝑟 a
But 𝑙 = d = x 15 x10-2 =  x 0.15 = 0.4712 m
0.4712
S= = 7.5 x 105 AT/Wb
4x 10−7 x 500 x 10 X 10−4
Page No: 9 of 16
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2. Flux:
𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝜙
Flux density B= 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑎
Φ =B X a =1 x 10 x 10-4 = 1 mWb
1 Mark for
each correct
3. MMF:
answer
MMF= ϕ x S = 1 x 10-3 x 7.5 x 105 = 750 AT
= 4 Marks
4. Current:
MMF = N x I
750 = 200 x I
I = 3.75 A
4 b) Draw a schematic diagram of long shunt D.C. compound motor. Give one
application.
Ans:
Long shunt D.C. compound motor :
Applications: Labeled
1. Rolling mills diagram 3
2. Cutting and shearing tools. Marks and 1
3. Presses Mark for any
one
4. Punches
application=
5. Conveyors 4 Marks
6. Elevators.
4 c) Explain in brief the working of universal motor.

Ans:
Working of universal motor:
i) Working of universal motor with DC supply:

 When the universal motor is fed with a DC supply, then current flows in the
field winding, it produces an electromagnetic field. The same current also flows
through the armature conductors.
 According to basic motor principle, when a current carrying conductor is placed 2 Marks
in the magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force and torque exerted on
Page No: 10 of 16
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the current carrying armature conductors, therefore the rotor starts to rotate.
ii) Working of universal motor with AC supply:
 When fed with AC supply, current flows through armature and field winding.
So current carrying armature conductors are in magnetic field experiences
mechanical force and ultimately produces unidirectional torque, because
armature winding and field winding are connected in series, they carry same
current.
 Hence, as polarity of AC voltage changes and current reverses its direction, the 2 Marks
direction of current in armature conductors and magnetic field in the air-gap
reverses at the same time.
 The direction of magnetic field and the direction of armature current reverses in
such a way that the direction of force experienced by armature conductors
remains same.
4 d) With a neat sketch give the working of shaded pole induction motor.
Ans:
Working of Shaded Pole Induction Motor:
When single phase supply is applied across the stator winding, an alternating field
is created. The flux distribution is non uniform due to shading bands on the poles.
The shading band acts as a single turn coil and when links with alternating flux,
emf is induced in it. The emf circulates current as it is simply a short circuit. The
current produces the magnetic flux in the shaded part of pole to oppose the cause
of its production which is the change in the alternating flux produced by the
winding of motor. Now consider three different instants of time t1, t2, t3 on the
flux wave to examine the effect of shading band as shown in the figure.
At instant t1: The flux is positive and rising, hence the shading band current
produces its own flux to oppose the rising main flux. Due to this opposition, the
net flux in shaded portion of pole is lesser than that in unshaded portion. Thus the
magnetic axis lies in the unshaded portion and away from shaded portion.
At instant t2: The flux is maximum, the rate of change of flux is zero. So the
shading band emf and current are zero. Thus the flux distribution among shaded
and unshaded portion is equal. The magnetic axis lies in the centre of the pole.
At instant t3: The flux is positive but decreasing, hence according to Lenz’s rule, 2 Marks for
the shading band emf and current try to oppose the fall in the main flux. So the Diagram
shading band current produces its own flux which aids the main flux. Since +
shading band produces aiding flux in shaded portion, the strength of flux in 2 Marks for
shaded portion increases and the magnetic axis lies in the shaded portion. Thus it Explanation
is seen that as time passes, the magnetic axis shifts from left to right in every half =
cycle, from non-shaded area of pole to the shaded area of the pole. This gives to 4 Marks
some extent a rotating field effect which is sufficient to provide starting torque to
squirrel cage rotor and rotor rotates.
Page No: 11 of 16
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4 e) Give the function of fuse and switch.

Ans:
Functions of fuse: 2 Marks
 To break the circuit under fault condition. for two
 To provide overcurrent protection to the circuit. functions
 To provide short circuit protection to the circuit.
 To provide safety to the users.
Functions of Switch:
 To make the electric circuit manually. 2 Marks
 To break the electric circuit manually.
5 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12
5 a) An alternating voltage is represented by v = 50.5 sin (314t +90). Calculate

frequency, amplitude, RMS value and phase difference.
Ans:
Page No: 12 of 16
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Given Data:
v = 50.5 sin(314t +90 )
On comparing with the standard form 𝑣 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜔𝑡 + ∅)
Maximum voltage = V𝑚 = 50.5 volt
Angular frequency =Angular Velocity = ω = 314 rad/sec
Phase angle = ∅ = 90 °
1) Frequency (f):
2 Marks
Angular frequency ω = 2πf
314 = 2 × 3.14 × f
𝐟 = 𝟓𝟎 𝐇𝐳
2) Amplitude:
1 Mark
Amplitude = Peak or Maximum value = V𝑚 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟓 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭
3) RMS Value:
V𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0.707 × V𝑚
V𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0.707 × 50.5 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟕𝟎 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭 2 Marks
4) Phase difference:
∅ = 𝟗𝟎° (leading) 1 Mark
5 b) A balanced 3-∅ star connected load consist of three resistances each of four ohms
connected to 400V, 3 phase 50 Hz supply, find (i) Phase voltage (ii) Phase current
(iii) Line current (iv) Power consumed.
Ans:
Given Data:
Load is star connected.
Line voltage=V𝐿 = 400 Volt
Frequency = f = 50 Hz
Resistance per phase = R 𝑝ℎ = 4 Ω
1) Phase voltage: V𝑝ℎ =
V𝐿
= 400/√3 = 230.94 Volt 1 Mark
√𝟑
V𝑝ℎ 230.94
2) Phase current: I𝑝ℎ = R = = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟕𝟑 𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞. 2 Marks
𝑝ℎ 4
3) Line Current: I𝐿 = I𝑝ℎ = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟕𝟑 𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞
1 Mark
4) Power consumed: P = √3 × V𝐿 × I𝐿 × cos∅
= √3 × 400 × 57.73 × 1
= 𝟑𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟔. 𝟓𝟏 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭 𝐨𝐫 𝟑𝟗. 𝟗𝟗 𝐊𝐖 2 Marks
OR
Power consumed = P = 3 × Vph × Iph × cos∅.
= 3 × 230.94 × 57.73 × 1
= 𝟑𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟔. 𝟒𝟗 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐭 𝐨𝐫 𝟑𝟗. 𝟗𝟗 𝐊𝐖
Page No: 13 of 16
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5 c) 20kVA, 3300/ 240 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has 80 turns on secondary

winding. Calculate no of primary winding turns, full load primary and secondary
currents and maximum value of flux in the core.
Ans:
Given Data:
kVA = 20 kVA
Primary voltage = V1 = 3300 Volt
Secondary voltage = V2 = 240 Volt
Frequency = 50Hz
No. of turns on secondary = 𝑁2 =80
1) Primary winding turns (𝐍𝟏 ):
N1 V1
= V2
N2
3300 1 Mark
N1 = × 80 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐬
240
2) Full load primary current (𝐈𝟏 ):
1 1 𝑉I
KVA = 1000
20×1000
I1 = 1.5 Marks
3300
I1 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟔 𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞
3) Full load secondary current (𝐈𝟐 ):
2 2𝑉I
KVA = 1000
20×1000
I2 = 1.5 Marks
240
I1 = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞
4) Maximum value of flux in core (∅𝒎 )
E1 = 4.44 × f × ∅m × N1
3300 = 4.44 × 50 × ∅m × 1100 2 Marks
∅𝐦 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟓 𝐰𝐛 𝐨𝐫 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓 𝐦𝐰𝐛
OR
E2 = 4.44 × f × ∅m × N2
240 = 4.44 × 50 × ∅m × 80
∅𝐦 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟓 𝐰𝐛 𝐨𝐫 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓 𝐦𝐰𝐛
6 Attempt any TWO of the following: 16
6 a) Draw schematic diagram of capacitor start capacitor run induction motor. Give any
two applications of the same.
Ans:
Page No: 14 of 16
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Capacitor-start, Capacitor-run Induction Motor:
4 Marks for
labeled
diagram
3Marks for
partially
labeled
OR diagram
2 Marks for
un-labeled
diagram
2 Marks for
Applications of Capacitor-start, Capacitor- run Induction Motor: each of any 2
Fans, Blowers, Grinder, Drilling Machine, Washing Machine, Refrigerator, Air applications
conditioner, Domestic Water Pumps, Compressor.
6 b) What is earthing? Give the importance of earthing. i)

Ans:
Earthing:
Definition of
Earthing means connecting metallic body of the electrical equipment to earth to avoid earthing
the hazards due to leakage current. If the leakage current keeps circulating in the body = 2 Marks
of the equipment, it might result in electrical shock to person who touches the
metallic body.
Importance of Earthing:
i) To provide protection and safety to the operator.
ii) To provide protection and safety to the equipment. Any four
iii) To facilitate the balanced supply conditions. importances
iv) To provide safe path to discharge lightning and short circuit currents. = 4 Marks
v) To isolate the faulty section.
vi) To protect installation from sudden high voltages, switching surges with
lightning arrestor and surge suppressor.
6 c) Write two applications of each of the following:(i) Fuse (ii) MCB (iii) MCCB.
Ans:
i) Applications of fuse:
 Used in domestic installations to provide short circuit protection.
 Used in commercial / Industrial installations to provide overload and short
Page No: 15 of 16
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circuit protection.
 Used in educational institutes for practical.
 Used for protection of various appliances. 2 Marks
 Used for protection of various electronic circuits.
ii) Applications of MCB:
 Used in lightning circuits.
 Used in distribution feeders.
 Used in switching motors.
2 Marks
 Used in capacitors.
 Used in power circuits.
 Used in control transformers.
iii) Applications of MCCB:
Used in
 Distribution feeders,
 Distribution transformers,
 Diesel generating sets 2 Marks
 L.T capacitors
 Rectifiers panels,
 U.P.S, Electronic equipment,
 Motors,
 Furnaces
Page No: 16 of 16
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
(Autonomous)
Winter- 2018 Examinations

Subject Code: 22215 Model Answer Page 1 of 20
Important suggestions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more importance. (Not
applicable for subject English and communication skills)
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principle components indicated in a figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure
drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may
vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate understands.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
Q.1 Attempt any FIVE of the following : 10 Marks

a) Define Reluctance. What is its units?
Ans
Reluctance (s) :- (1 Marks)
Reluctance is the property of the substance which opposes the creation of flux in it.
OR
It is defined as the opposition to the creation of flux in the material.
Unit of Reluctance (s) :- (1 Marks)

Its unit is : AT/Wb
b) Write any two advantages of AC over DC.

Ans
Advantages of AC over DC : ( Any Two advantages expected : 1 Mark each)
1) We can easily step up or step down the voltage easily with the help of transformer
3) Generation is easy.
4) Design of AC machine is easy.
(Autonomous)

c) Draw the waveform representation of a three phase AC supply with neat labels.
Ans waveform representation of a three phase AC supply with neat labels : ( 2 Marks)
1200 2400
OR equivalent Figure
d) Define the transformation ratio of a transformer.

Ans Transformation Ratio (k):- ----------------------------------------------------------- (2 Marks)
It is the ratio of secondary number of turns to primary number of turns. OR It is
the ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage. OR It is the ratio of primary current to
secondary current.
OR
N2 E V I
Transforma tion ratio ( k )  or  2 or  2 or  1
N1 E1 V1 I2
(Autonomous)

e) Draw neat constructional sketch of shell type transformer.

Ans Constructional sketch of shell type transformer : ( 2 Marks)
OR Equivalent
f) State the types of single phase induction motors.

Ans Types of single phase induction motors: ( Any Two Types expected: 1 Mark each)
1. Split phase induction motor.
2. Capacitor start inductor motor.
3. Capacitor start capacitor run induction motor.
4. Permanent split capacitor motor.
5. Shaded pole induction motor.
g) List the types of Fuses.
Ans Types of Fuses: ( Any Two Types expected: 1 Mark each)
1. Rewirable Fuses
2. HRC Fuse
3. Cartridge type Fuses
4. D-type Cartridge Fuse
5. Link Type Fuse
6. Blade and Bolted type Fuses
7. Striker type Fuse
8. Switch type Fuse
9. HV (High Voltage) Fuses
10. Cartridge Type HRC Fuse
11. Liquid Type HRC Fuse
12. Expulsion Type HV Fuse
(Autonomous)

Q.2 Attempt any THREE of the following : 12 Marks

a) Explain self induced emf and mutually induced emf with neat sketch.
Ans: i) Self induced emf : ( Figure : 1 Mark & Explanation : 1 Mark)
OR equivalent figure
Self-induced emf is the e.m.f induced in the coil due to the change of flux
produced by linking it with its own turns. This phenomenon of self-induced emf
dI dI
e or e  L
dt dt
ii) Mutually induced emf : ( Figure : 1 Mark & Explanation : 1 Mark)
OR equivalent figure
The emf induced in a coil due to the change of flux produced by another
neighboring coil linking to it, is called Mutually Induced emf.
dI1 dI
em  or e  M 1
dt dt
(Autonomous)

Explain the generation of single phase AC supply by an elementary alternator with neat
b)
sketch.
Ans: Diagram: ( 2 Marks)
Explanation : ( 2 Marks)
Principle of alternator depends upon Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

When the field winding gets excited field current flows through the field winding which
produces magnetic flux in the air gap. As the prime mover rotates, the field winding also
rotates and hence the magnetic flux also rotates.
This rotating magnetic field is cut by the stationary armature conductors (Stator). So
according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction , an EMF is induced in the armature
conductors.
Draw neat constructional sketch of auto transformer. State its advantages and
c)
applications.
Ans: Constructional sketch of auto transformer: (2 Mark)
OR Equivalent Figure
(Autonomous)

Advantages of autotransformer:-
(Any Two accepted from following or equivalent: 1/2 Mark each :Total 1 Mark)
1. Saving of copper takes place/Copper required is less.

2. Autotransformer is smaller in size.
3. Cost is less as compare to conventional transformer.
4. Copper losses are less.
5. Superior voltages regulation than two winding transformer.
6. High efficient than two winding transformer.
7. Resistance and leakage reactance is less compared to two winding transformer.
Application of autotransformer-
(Any Two accepted from following or equivalent : 1/2 Mark each: Total 1 Mark)
1. It is used as a starter for induction motor.

2. It is used in electrical testing laboratory.
3. It is used to control the voltage level.
4. It is used in locomotives for control equipment.
d) State four advantages of poly-phase circuit over single phase circuit.

Ans: Advantages of 3-phase supply over 1-phase supply: (Any four points are accepted from
following or equivalent 1 Mark each point : Total 4 Marks)
1. Constant power output: The power delivered by a three phase supply is constant
and that of single phase supply is oscillating.
2. Higher power: For the same copper size output of 3 phase supply is always higher
than single phase supply.
3. Smaller conductor cross section: For given power, cross section area of copper is
smaller as compared to single phase.
4. Magnetic field: Three phase supply has rotating magnetic field and single phase
supply has pulsating magnetic field.
5. Power Handling Capacity: Power handling capacity of three phase supply is three
times more than single phase supply
(Autonomous)


a) Compare magnetic circuit and electric circuit on any four points.
Ans: Compare Magnetic and Electric circuit:
(Any four points are accepted from following or equivalent 1 Mark each point,
total 4 Marks)
S.No Magnetic circuit Electric circuit
1 The magnetic circuit in which Path traced by the current is known as

magnetic flux flow electric current.
2 MMF is the driving force in the EMF is the driving force in the
magnetic circuit. The unit is ampere electric circuit. The unit is Volts.
turns.
3 There is flux φ in the magnetic
There is a current I in the electric
circuit which is measured in the
circuit which is measured in amperes.
weber.
4 The number of magnetic lines of The flow of electrons decides the
force decides the flux. current in conductor.
5 Reluctance (S) is opposed by Resistance (R) oppose the flow of the
magnetic path to the flux. current.
The Unit is ampere turn/weber. The unit is Ohm
6 S = l/ (μ0μra). R = ρ. l/a.
7 The Flux = MMF/ Reluctance The current I = EMF/ Resistance

8 The flux density The current density
9 Kirchhoff current law and voltage
Kirchhoff mmf law and flux law is
law is applicable to the electric
applicable to the magnetic flux.
circuit.
A 2000/200V, single phase, 50Hz transformer has the maximum flux of 30 mwb. Find out
b) the no. of turns on primary and secondary windings if the cross sectional area of the core
is 1.1 cm2.
Ans: VI  2000 V V2  200 V N I  ? N 2  ? m  30mwb  30  103 wb
A  1 cm 2  1  104 m 2
i) Number of primary winding turns N1:

V1  4.44 m f N1 -------------------------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
V1
N1 
4.44  f  m
(Autonomous)

2200
N1 
4.44  50  30  103
N1  300.30 turns  300 turns ----------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
ii) Number of Secondary winding turns N2:
V2  4.44 m f N2 -------------------------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
V2
N2 
4.44  f  m
200
N2 
4.44  50  30  103
N2  30.30 turns  30 turns ----------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
c) Draw schematic representation of capacitor start capacitor run induction motor. Also
state its applications.
Ans: Schematic representation of capacitor start capacitor run induction motor:
(Diagram-2 Marks & Application-2 Marks)
OR
or Equivalent fig
Applications of capacitor start capacitor run induction motor:
(Any two applications are accepted from following or equivalent 1 Mark each point)
1) Fans, Blowers,
2) Grinder
3)Washing machine,
4) Refrigerator, Air conditioner
5) Drilling machine
6) Domestic water pumps, Compressors.
(Autonomous)

d) Explain pipe earthing with a neat labelled diagram.

Ans: Diagram for Pipe Type earthing : ( 2 Marks)
or equivalent figure
Explanation: (Following or equivalent explanation is to be accepted) ( 2 Marks)
 Excavation on earth for a normal earth Pit of size 2.7 M X 0.6 M X 3.0 M.Or 4.5 M
 For Pipe type earthing normal practice is to use; GI pipe [C-class] of 75 mm diameter
of length Having 6 numbers of holes for the connection of earth wires
 Normal Practice is to use GI earthing pipe of length as per requirement.
 Cover Top of GI pipe with a T joint to avoid jamming of pipe with dust & mud.
 These types of earth pit are generally filled with alternate layer of charcoal & salt up to
4 feet from the bottom of the pit.
 The electrical installation which to be earthed, is connected to the top of the earth pipe
by means of copper or aluminium earth continuity conductor of sufficient cross-section.
 Normal practice is to use GI earthing wire of 10/8/6 SWG as per requirement

a) Explain B-H curve and draw with all parameters.
Ans: B-H curve: ( Diagram ; 2 Marks & Explanation: 2 Marks)
The B-H curve is the graphical representation of relation between flux density (B)
and applied field strength (H), with H plotted on the x-axis and B plotted on the y-axis.
(Autonomous)

Typical B-H curve is as shown in figure below:
or
The B-H curve can be described by dividing it into 3 regions.
 Region OA: For zero current, H = 0 and B is also zero. The flux density B then
increases gradually as the value of H is increased. However B changes slowly in this
region.
 Region AB: In this region, for small change in H, there is large change in B. The B-H
curve is almost linear in this region.
 Region beyond B: After point B, the change in B is small even for a large change in H.
Finally, the B-H curve will tend to be parallel to X axis. This region is called as
saturation region.
b) Compare two winding transformer and auto transformer. (Any four points)
Ans: (Any four points are accepted from following or equivalent 1 Mark each point, total 4
Marks)
S.No. Points Two winding transformer Autotransformer

1. Symbol
2. Number of It has two windings It has one winding

windings
3. Copper saving Copper saving is less Copper saving takes more
as compared to two
winding
(Autonomous)

4. Size Size is large Size is small

5 cost Cost is high Cost is low
6 Losses in winding More losses takes place Less losses takes place
7. Efficiency Efficiency is high Efficiency is low
8. Electrical isolation Electrical isolation is There is no electrical
present in between primary isolation
and secondary winding
9. Movable contact Movable contact is not Movable contact is present
present
11. Application Mains transformer, power Variac, starting of ac
supply, welding, isolation motors, dimmerstat.
transformer
c) Explain principle of operation of universal motor with neat diagram.

Ans: Figure of Universal motor: ( Figure : 2 Marks & Explanation : 2 Marks)
OR
OR Equivalent figure
Working of universal motor: (Following or equivalent working is to be accepted)
 A universal motor works on either DC or single phase AC supply. When the universal
motor is fed with a DC supply, it works as a DC series motor. When current flows in the
field winding, it produces an electromagnetic field. The same current also flows from the
armature conductors. When a current carrying conductor is placed in an electromagnetic
field, it experiences a mechanical force. Due to this mechanical force, or torque, the rotor
starts to rotate. The direction of this force is given by Fleming's left hand rule.
When fed with AC supply, it still produces unidirectional torque. Because, armature
(Autonomous)

winding and field winding are connected in series, they are in same phase. Hence, as
polarity of AC changes periodically, the direction of current in armature and field winding
reverses at the same time. Thus, direction of magnetic field and the direction of armature
current reverses in such a way that the direction of force experienced by armature
conductors remains same. Thus, regardless of AC or DC supply, universal motor works
on the same principle that DC series motor works.
d) Write any two applications of following motors - (i) Universal motor (ii) Stepper motor
Ans: (Any two applications are accepted from following or equivalent 1 Mark each point)
i) Application of Universal Motor :
1) Mixer
2) Food processor
3) Heavy duty machine tools
4) Grinder
5) Vacuum cleaners
6) Refrigerators
7) Driving sewing machines
8) Electric Shavers
9) Hair dryers
10) Small Fans
11) Cloth washing machine
12) portable tools like blowers, drilling machine, polishers etc
ii) Applications of stepper motor-

1.Suitable for use with computer controlled system
2. Widely used in numerical control of machine tools.
3. Tape drives
4. Floppy disc drives
5. Computer printers
6. X-Y plotters
(Autonomous)

7. Robotics
8. Textile industries
9. Integrated circuit fabrication
10. Electric watches
11. In space craft's launched for scientific explorations of planets.
12 Automotive
13. Food processing
14. Packaging
e) State the function of the fuse and material used for fuse.
Ans: Functions of fuse: ( 2 Marks)
1. To break the circuit under fault condition.
2. To provide overcurrent protection to the circuit.
3. To provide short circuit protection to the circuit.
4. To provide safety to the users.
Name the material used for fuse wire: ( 2 Marks)
S.No Material used for fuse wire

1 Tin
2 Lead
3 Zinc
4 Silver
5 Copper
6 Aluminum
Q.5 Attempt any TWO of the following : 12 Marks

(a) An alternating current given by equation i = 142.14 sin 628 t. find - (i) Maximum value
(ii) Time period (iii) RMS value (iv) Average value (v) Form factor (vi) Peak factor
Ans: i  142.14 sin 628 t
Comparing with standard equation : i  I M sin  t
(i) Maximum value : I M  142.14 Amp ------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
(Autonomous)


Frequency =
2
628
=
2
F = 99.94  100 H Z --------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
(ii) Time Period (T) :

1 1
T   ----------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
F 100
T  0.01 sec - ---------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
(iii) RMS value Irms = 0.707 x Im ---------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)

= 0.707 x 142.14
= 100.49 Amp ----------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
vi) Average Vale Iavg = 0.637 x Im- ---------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)

= 0.637 x 142.14
= 90.54 Amp ----------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
RMS Value
v) Form Factor = - ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
Average Value
100.49
=
90.54
= 1.11 ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
Maximum Value
vi) Peak Factor = - ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
RMS Value
142.14
=
100.49
= 1.41 ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
(Autonomous)

Three impedance, each of 10 Ω resistance and 5 Ω inductive reactance in series, are

connected in star across a 3 phase, 400 V, 50 Hz AC supply. Determine (i) Phase current
b)
(ii) Line current (iii) Phase voltage (iv) Line voltage (v) Power factor (vi) Total line
power
Ans: Given Data:
Z ph  10  j 5  VL  400 V
R ph  10 5  X LPh  5 F  50Hz
(i) Phase voltage ( Vph):
V
V ph  L ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
3
400
V ph 
3
V ph  230.94 volts ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
(ii) Phase Current (Iph) :
V
I ph  ph ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
Z ph
230.94
I ph 
10  j 5
230.94
I ph 
11.18  26.56
I ph  20.65   26.56 Amps ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
(iii) Line Current (IL) :

In Star connection IL = Iph
IL = 20.65 Amps ----------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
iv) Line Voltage (VL ) : 400 Volt ----------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
v) Power Factor (P.F) :

R
Cos  ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
Z
10
Cos 
11.18
Cos  0.8944 lag OR P.F  Cos 26.56  0.8944 lag --- (1/2 Mark)
(Autonomous)

vi) Total Line Power ( PT) :

Ptotal  3 VL I L Cos --------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
Ptotal  3  400  20.65  0.89
Ptotal  12732.99 watt ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
Draw schematic representation of - (i) DC shunt motor (ii) DC series motor (iii) DC
c)
compound motor
Ans: i) Schematic representation of DC shunt motor : ( 2 Marks)
ii) Schematic representation of DC series motor : ( 2 Marks)
(Autonomous)

iii) Schematic representation of DC compound motor : ( 2 Marks)

1) Long shunt dc compound motor-
2) Short shunt dc compound motor-
(Autonomous)


Explain the working principle of stepper motor and explain any one type with neat
a)
sketch.
Ans: Types of Stepper Motor :-
1) Variable Reluctance Motor
2) Permanent Magnet Motor
( Any One Type of Stepper Motor Expected: Figure : 3 Mark & Explanation : 3 Mark)
1) Variable Reluctance Motors:-
or equivalent dia.
Working:-
When phase A is excited rotor attempts minimum reluctance between stator and rotor
and is subjected to an electromagnetic torque and there by rotor rotates until its axis coincides
with the axis of phase A.
Then phase ‘B’ is excited disconnecting supply of phase ‘A’ then rotor will move 30
anticlockwise directions. The Same process is repeated for phase ‘C’
In this way chain of signals can be passed to get one revolution and direction can be
also changed.
OR
2) Permanent Magnet Motor:-
or equivalent dia.
Working :-
If the phase is excited in ABCD, due to electromagnetic torque is developed by
interaction between the magnetic field set up by exciting winding and permanent magnet.
Rotor will be driven in clockwise direction.
(Autonomous)

Explain the need of earthing in electrical systems. State the types of earthing and any two
b)
advantages of earthing.
Ans: Necessity of Earthing: ( Any Two point are expected) (2 Mark)
1. To provide an alternative path for the leakage current to flow towards earth.
2. To save human life from danger of electrical shock due to leakage current.
3. To protect high rise buildings structure against lightening stroke.
4. To provide safe path to dissipate lightning and short circuit currents.
5. To provide stable platform for operation of sensitive electronic equipment’s.
Types of Earthing: ( Any Two types Expected : 1 Mark each)
1. Pipe type earthing

2. Plate earthing
3. Rod earthing or Driven Rod earthing
4. Strip earthing or Wire earthing
Advantages of Earthing : ( Any Two advantages from the following or equivalent are
expected) (2 Marks)
1. It provides an alternative path for the leakage current to flow towards earth.
2. It saves human life from danger of electrical shock due to leakage current.
3. It protects high rise buildings structure against lightening stroke.
4. It provide safe path to dissipate lightning and short circuit currents.
5. It provide stable platform for operation of sensitive electronic equipment’s.
c) Explain with neat diagram, operation of ELCB and two applications.

Ans: Diagram of ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) : ( 2 Marks)
(Autonomous)

Operation of ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) : ( 2 Marks)
 It works on principle of relaying when the current in the earth path exceeds a set
value.
 Under normal conditions (IL–IN) = If is very low or nearly zero. The CT surrounding
the phase and neutral senses the differential current under earth fault and actuates the
CB to operate (open). The difference current If through fault path resistance Re is the
leakage to earth. If this value exceeds a preset value, then the ELCB opens.
OR
The ELCB detects fault currents from live to the Earth (ground) wire within the
installation it protects. If sufficient voltage appears across the ELCB's sense coil, it
will switch off the power, and remain off until manually reset. A voltage-sensing
ELCB does not sense fault currents from live to any other earthed body.
Applications of ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) : ( 2 Marks)
 In low voltage domestic, commercial and industrial applications to protect from electric
shock due to leakage current.
---------------------------------------------------- END-----------------------------------------------------------
V2V EDTECH LLP
OUR SERVICES:
BSCIT / CS
V2V EdTech LLP

(Autonomous)
WINTER- 2019 Examinations

Important suggestions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more importance. (Not applicable
for subject English and communication skills)
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principle components indicated in a figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure
drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary
and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate understands.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
Q.1 Attempt any FIVE of the following : 10 Marks

a) State Faraday's law of Electromagnetic Induction
Ans First Law: - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------(1 Mark)
Whenever change in the magnetic flux linked with a coil or conductor, an EMF is
induced in it. OR Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, an EMF is induced in
conductor.
Second Law: -------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
The Magnitude of induced EMF is directly proportional to (equal to) the rate
of change of flux linkages.
N
e= d
dt
b) Define following terms with respect to A.C. quantity. (i) Time period (ii) Frequency
Ans i) Time Period: --------------------------------------------------------(1 Mark)
The time (in sec) required by an alternating quantity to complete its one cycle is
known as time period.
ii) Frequency: ( 1 Mark)
It is the number of cycles completed by an alternating quantity in one second.
c) State the relationship between line current and phase current for star and delta connection.
Ans (i) Star connected: (1 Mark)
(Autonomous)

a) The relation between line current and phase current in star connected load.
IL = Iph
b)The relation between line voltage and phase voltage in star connected Load
VL  3 VPh
(ii) Delta connected load: (1 Mark)
a) The relation between line current and phase current in delta connected circuit.
I L  3 I ph OR I ph  I L 3 where I L is line Current and I ph is phase Currnts
b) The relation between line voltage and phase voltage in delta connected circuit
V ph  VL where VL  line voltage & Vph  Phase volatge
d) State the working principle of transformer.

Ans Working Principle: - --------------------------------------------------------------------- (2 Marks)
 The primary winding is connected to single phase AC supply. an ac current
starts flowing through primary winding.
 The AC primary current produces an alternating flux in the magnetic core.
 This Changes flux gets linked with the secondary winding through the
magnetic core
 The varying flux will induce voltage into the secondary winding according to
the faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.
OR
A Transformer works on the principle of Faradays law of electromagnetic
induction. When their primary winding is connected to a.c supply, applied alternating
voltage circulates an alternating current through it.
This current flowing through the primary winding produces an alternating
magenetic flux (Ø).This flux links with secondary winding through the magenetic core
& induces an emf in it according to the faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction.
(Autonomous)

e) Write any four main parts of d.c. motor.

Ans Parts of DC Motor:-----------(Any four parts expected: 1/2 Marks each, Total 2 Marks)
1) Yoke:
2) Pole Cores & Pole shoe:
3) Armature core:
4) Armature winding:
5) Commentator:
6) Brush:
7) Cooling Fan:
8) End covers
9) Field winding
f) Write any two applications of each motor. (i) Universal motor (ii) Stepper motor
Ans (Any two applications are accepted from following or equivalent 1 Mark each point)
i) Application of Universal Motor :
1) Mixer
2) Food processor
3) Heavy duty machine tools
4) Grinder
5) Vacuum cleaners
6) Refrigerators
7) Driving sewing machines
8) Electric Shavers
9) Hair dryers
10) Small Fans
11) Cloth washing machine
12) portable tools like blowers, drilling machine, polishers etc
ii) Applications of stepper motor-

1.Suitable for use with computer controlled system
2. Widely used in numerical control of machine tools.
3. Tape drives
(Autonomous)

4. Floppy disc drives

5. Computer printers
6. X-Y plotters
7. Robotics
8. Textile industries
9. Integrated circuit fabrication
10. Electric watches
11. In space craft's launched for scientific explorations of planets.
12 Automotive
13. Food processing
14. Packaging
g) State any two methods of reducing earth resistance.

Ans (Any Two methods expected: 1 Marks for each, Total 2 Marks )
Methods of reducing earth resistance:
Earth resistance can be minimized using any of the following measures
1. By increasing length of the earth electrode
2. By increasing no of earthing rods
3. By treatment of the soil.
Soil treatment involve treating the soil with a salt, such as copper sulfate, magnesium
sulfate, or sodium chloride. Combined with moisture, the salts leach into the soil to
reduce earth resistivity.

a) Draw and explain B-H curve of magnetic material.
Ans: B-H curve: ( Diagram ; 2 Marks & Explanation: 2 Marks)
The B-H curve is the graphical representation of relation between flux density (B)
and applied field strength (H), with H plotted on the x-axis and B plotted on the y-axis.
Typical B-H curve is as shown in figure below:
(Autonomous)

or
The B-H curve can be described by dividing it into 3 regions.
 Region OA: For zero current, H = 0 and B is also zero. The flux density B then
increases gradually as the value of H is increased. However B changes slowly in this
region.
 Region AB: In this region, for small change in H, there is large change in B. The B-H
curve is almost linear in this region.
 Region beyond B: After point B, the change in B is small even for a large change in
H. Finally, the B-H curve will tend to be parallel to X axis. This region is called as
saturation region.
Draw purely capacitive circuit. Show vector diagram and waveform and write formula
b)
for capacitive reactance.
Ans: Schematic diagram of purely capacitive circuit: ( 1 Mark)
or equivalent Diagram
Pure capacitive circuit: ( Waveform: 1 Mark & Vector Diagram 1 Mark )

(Autonomous)

Waveform: Vector Diagram :
Formula for capacitive reactance: ( 1 Mark)

1
XC 
2  f C
Where:
XC = Capacitive reactance in ohm
f = Frequency in Hz
C = Capacitance in farad
Compare star and delta connection on basis : (i) Connection diagram (ii) Neutral (iii) Line
c)
and phase current (iv) Line and phase voltage.
Ans: ( Each Point : 1 Mark)
Sr no Parameter Star connection Delta connection

1. connection
diagram
2. Neutral Neutral point formed No neutral point formed

3. Line & Phase IL = IPh IL = 3 IPh
current
4. Line & phase VL = 3 VPh VL = VPh
voltage
(Autonomous)

d) Compare auto transformer with two winding transformer on following basis: (i) Symbol
(ii) Copper saving (iii) Isolation (iv) Application
Ans: (1 Mark each point, total 4 Marks)
S.No. Points Autotransformer Two winding

transformer
1. Symbol
2. Copper saving Copper saving takes more Copper saving is less

as compared to two
winding
3. Isolation There is no electrical Electrical isolation is
isolation present in between
primary and secondary
winding
4. Application Variac, starting of ac Mains transformer, power
motors, dimmerstat. supply, welding, isolation
transformer

a) Explain with neat diagram Lenz's law. State its any two applications.
Ans: ( 1 Marks for explanation and 2 marks for figure, 1 for application)
Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction states that the direction of the current induced in a
conductor by a changing magnetic field (as per Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction) is
such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes the initial changing
magnetic field which produced it. The direction of this current flow is given by Fleming’s right
hand rule.
(Autonomous)

As the magnet moves to the right toward the loop, the external magnetic flux through the loop
increases with time. As the result, the induced current set up in the loop which produces
magnetic field, as illustrated in figure (b).Knowing that like magnetic poles repel each other,
we conclude that the left face of the current loop acts like a north pole and that the right face
acts like a south pole.
If the magnet moves to the left, as in figure (c), its flux through the area enclosed by the loop
decreases in time. Now the induced current in the loop produces the magnetic field as shown
in figure (d).In this case, the left of the loop is a south pole and the right face is a north pole.
Lenz law applications are plenty. Some of them are listed below-
1. Eddy current balances
2. Metal detectors
3. Eddy current dynamometers
4. Braking systems on train
5. AC generators
6. Card readers
7. Microphones
b) Explain the working principle of d.c. motor with neat sketch.
Ans: (Figure-2, & Working principle : 2 Mark, Total 4 Mark)
OR Equivalent Fig
(Autonomous)

Working Principle of D.C Motor :- ( 2 Marks)

It works on Faradays law of electromagnetic induction -If a current carrying conductor is
placed in a magnetic field, mechanical force is experienced on the conductor, the direction of
which is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule (also called motor rule) and hence the conductor
moves in the direction of force.
c) Explain the principle of operation of capacitor start capacitor run motor.

Ans: Schematic representation of capacitor start capacitor run induction motor:
(Diagram-2 Marks & Operation-2 Marks)
OR
operation of capacitor start capacitor run motor:

In these motors one capacitor is connected in series with the auxiliary winding. There is no
centrifugal switch. Thus this winding along with the capacitor remains energized for both
starting and running conditions. Capacitor serves the purpose of obtaining necessary
phase displacement at the time of starting and also improves the power factor of the
motor.
d) Explain the importance of earthing.

Ans: Importance of Earthing: ( Any Four point are expected: 1 Mark each, Total 4 Marks)
1. To provide an alternative path for the leakage current to flow towards earth.
2. To save human life from danger of electrical shock due to leakage current.
3. To protect high rise buildings structure against lightening stroke.
4. To provide safe path to dissipate lightning and short circuit currents.
5. To provide stable platform for operation of sensitive electronic equipment’s.
(Autonomous)


a) Explain how Fleming's right hand rule helps to deciding direction of induced EMF.
Ans: Fleming’s Right Hand Rule: ( Figure: 2 Marks & Explanation: 2 Marks, Total 4 Marks)
Stretch out the first three fingers of your right hand such that they are mutually perpendicular
to each other, align first finger in direction of magnetic field, thumb in direction of motion of
conductor with respect to magnetic field, then the middle finger will give the direction of
induced emf in conductor.
Write any two applications of each of the following: (i) DC Shunt motor (ii) DC series
b)
motor.
Ans: i) Applications of DC shunt motor: ( Any Two applications expected: 1 Mark each)
1. Line shafts
2. Lathes
3. Vacuum cleaners
4. Pressure blowers
5. Reciprocating pumps
6. Wood working machines
ii) DC Series Motor : ( Any Two applications expected: 1 Mark each)

1. Electric traction
2. Cranes,
3. Passenger elevators,
4. Continuous conveyors,
5. Grinders,
6. Polishers,
(Autonomous)

c) Explain principle of operation of universal motor with neat diagram.

Ans: Figure of Universal motor: ( Figure : 2 Marks & Explanation : 2 Marks)
OR
OR Equivalent figure
Working of universal motor: (Following or equivalent working is to be accepted)
 A universal motor works on either DC or single phase AC supply. When the universal
motor is fed with a DC supply, it works as a DC series motor. When current flows in the
field winding, it produces an electromagnetic field. The same current also flows from the
armature conductors. When a current carrying conductor is placed in an electromagnetic
field, it experiences a mechanical force. Due t
 o this mechanical force, or torque, the rotor starts to rotate. The direction of this force is
given by Fleming's left hand rule.
When fed with AC supply, it still produces unidirectional torque. Because, armature
winding and field winding are connected in series, they are in same phase. Hence, as
polarity of AC changes periodically, the direction of current in armature and field
winding reverses at the same time. Thus, direction of magnetic field and the direction of
armature current reverses in such a way that the direction of force experienced by
armature conductors remains same. Thus, regardless of AC or DC supply, universal
motor works on the same principle that DC series motor works.
d) Explain how direction of rotation of universal motor is reversed.

Ans: ( 2 Marks for explanation and 2 marks for figure)
The direction of rotation of a universal motor can be changed by either: (i) Reversing the
field connection with respect to those of armature; or (ii) By using two field windings wound
(Autonomous)

on the core in opposite directions so that the one connected in series with armature gives
clockwise rotation, while the other in series with the armature gives counterclockwise
rotation.
The second method, i.e., the two-field method is used in applications such as motor operated
rheostats and servo systems. This method has somewhat simpler connections than the first
method.
or equivalent Figure
e) Explain the working of fuse with neat diagram.
Ans: Working of fuse ( 2 Marks for explanation and 2 marks for figure)
Fuse is an overcurrent/short circuit protection. The working principle of the fuse is
based upon “heating effect of the electric current”. It is fabricated in a form of strip or thread
of metallic wire. The connection of the Fuse in an electrical circuit is always in series with
device that is to be protected. Due to the heavy flow of current in the electrical circuit, the
fuse gets melted soften and it opens the circuit. The extreme flow of current may direct to the
collapse of the wire and disconnection of the circuit that is protected
Diagram of Fuse:
(Autonomous)


(a) A sinusoidal voltage with equation, V = 200 sin (314 t + n/3) volt is applied to a load.
Calculate (i) Maximum voltage (ii) RMS voltage (iii) Frequency (iv) Time period (v) Phase
angle (vi) Angular frequency.
Ans: Given data :

v = 200 sin (314 t + ) Maximum Value Vm : 200 V
3
i) Maximum voltage Vm = 200 volt ------------------------------------------------ (1 Mark)
ii) RMS value Vrms = 0.707 x Vm-------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)

= 0.707 x 200
= 141.4 Volt -------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)

iii) Frequency = --------------------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
2
314
=
2
F = 49.97  50 H Z --------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)

iv) Time Period (T) :
1 1
T  --------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
F 49 .97
T  0.02 sec - ---------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)

v)Phase angle  =  600 ------------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
3
 = 600 --------------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
vi) Angular Frequency:

𝝎 = 𝟑𝟏𝟒 𝐫𝐚𝐝/𝐬𝐞𝐜 -----------------------( 1 Marks)
Three similar coils each of resistance 20 ohm and on inductance 0.1 H are connected in
b) delta to a 3-Ph, 440V, 50 Hz supply system. Calculate the phase current, line current,
phase voltage, line voltage, active power and reactive power.
Ans: Given Data:
(Autonomous)

R ph  20  VL  440 V L  0.1 H F  50Hz
Z ph  R ph  X Lph
XL  2 F L
X L  2   50  0.1
X L  31.41  ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
Z ph  R ph  X Lph
Z ph  20  j 31.41 
Z ph  37.23  57.51 
i) Line Voltage = VL  440 V ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
ii) In Delta connection Line voltage = Phase voltage ( Vph):

VL  V ph
V ph  440 volts ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
iii) Phase Current (Iph) :

V
I ph  ph ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
Z ph
440
I ph 
20  j 31.41
440
I ph 
37.23
I ph  11.81 Amps ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
iv) Line Current (IL) :

I L  3  I ph
I L  3  11.81
IL = 20.54 Amps ----------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
(Autonomous)

Power Factor (P.F) :

R
Cos  ----------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
Z
20
Cos 
37.23
Cos  0.5372 lag OR P.F  Cos 57.51  0.5372 lag --- (1/2 Mark)
v) Active Power ( PA) :

PA  3 VL I L Cos 
PA  3  440  20.45  0.5372
PA  8371.51 watt ------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)

vi) Reactive Power ( Preactive) :
Preactive  3 VL I L Sin  ------------------------------------ (1/2 Mark)
Preacttive  3  440  20.45  sin 57.51
Preactive  13145.71 VAR ------------------------------------ (1/2 Mark)
A 1-ph 1.5 KVA. 230/110 V transformer used in a laboratory. Calculate primary

c) winding current.
(i) Secondary winding current (ii) Turns ratio. (iii) Current ratio
Ans: i) Primary current ( I1):
KVA
I1  ------------------------------------------------------- (1/2 Mark)
V 1
1.5  10 3
I1 
230
I1  6.5217 Amp
------------------------------------------------- ( 1/2 Marks)
ii) Secondary current ( I2):
KVA
I2  ------------------------------------------------------ (1/2 Mark)
V2
(Autonomous)

1 .5  10 3
I2 
110
I 2  13 .6364 Amp
------------------------------------------------- ( 1/2 Marks)
iii) Turns ratio:

𝐾= = = = 2.0909 or
.
= = = = 2.0909--------------------------------(02 Mark)
.
iv) Current ratio:

𝐈𝟏 𝟔.𝟓𝟐𝟏𝟕
𝑲 = 𝐈𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑.𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟐
𝑲 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟖𝟐 -------------------------------------------------------(02 Mark)

a) Explain the principle of working of stepper motor with a neat diagram.
Ans: Working Principle of stepper Motor- ( 1 Mark)
A stepper motor rotates through a fixed angular step in response to each input current
pulse received by its controller.
Types of Stepper Motor :- ( 1 Mark)
1) Variable Reluctance Motor
2) Permanent Magnet Motor
1) Variable Reluctance Motors:-

(Any One method explanation expected: Diagram : 2 Marks and Working: 2 Mark)
or equivalent dia.
(Autonomous)

Working:-
When phase A is excited rotor attempts minimum reluctance between stator and
rotor and is subjected to an electromagnetic torque and there by rotor rotates until its axis
coincides with the axis of phase A.
Then phase ‘B’ is excited disconnecting supply of phase ‘A’ then rotor will move
30 anticlockwise directions. The Same process is repeated for phase ‘C’
In this way chain of signals can be passed to get one revolution and direction can
be also changed.
OR
2) Permanent Magnet Motor:-
or equivalent dia.
Working :-
If the phase is excited in ABCD, due to electromagnetic torque is developed
by interaction between the magnetic field set up by exciting winding and permanent
magnet.
Rotor will be driven in clockwise direction.
b) Explain the operation of each of the following : (i) Fuse (ii) ELCB
Ans: i) Working of fuse : ( 2 Marks for explanation and 1 Marks for figure)
Fuse is an overcurrent/short circuit protection. The working principle of the fuse is

based upon “heating effect of the electric current”. It is fabricated in a form of strip or thread
of metallic wire. The connection of the Fuse in an electrical circuit is always in series with
device that is to be protected. Due to the heavy flow of current in the electrical circuit, the
fuse gets melted soften and it opens the circuit. The extreme flow of current may direct to the
collapse of the wire and disconnection of the circuit that is protected
(Autonomous)

Diagram of Fuse:
ii) Diagram of ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) : ( 1 Marks)
OR
Equivalent Figure
Operation of ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) : ( 2 Marks)
 It works on principle of relaying when the current in the earth path exceeds a set
value.
 Under normal conditions (IL–IN) = If is very low or nearly zero. The CT surrounding
the phase and neutral senses the differential current under earth fault and actuates the
CB to operate (open). The difference current If through fault path resistance Re is the
leakage to earth. If this value exceeds a preset value, then the ELCB opens.
OR
The ELCB detects fault currents from live to the Earth (ground) wire within the
installation it protects. If sufficient voltage appears across the ELCB's sense coil, it
will switch off the power, and remain off until manually reset. A voltage-sensing
ELCB does not sense fault currents from live to any other earthed body.
(Autonomous)

Write any two applications of each of the following : (i) ELCB (ii) MCCB (iii) MCB (iv)
c)
Fuse
Ans:
i) Applications of ELCB : ( 2 Marks)

1. It is used for safety of the operator
2. It is used to detect presence of leakage current in a device
ii) Applications of MCCB : ( 2 Marks)
1. It is used as a protective device in low voltage distribution
2. It is used to protect secondary side of power distribution transformer
3. It is used for short circuit protection of motors
iii) Applications of MCB : ( 1 Marks)
1. It is used as an alternative to fuse in domestic and commercial applications
2. It is used in industrial control panels as overload protection and disconnection of supply
3. It is used in industrial heating systems.
iv) Applications of Fuse: ( 1 Marks)
1. Protection against overload and short circuit.
2. Electrical Appliances, like ACs (Air Conditioners), TV, Washing Machines, Music
Systems, and
3. Many more.
4. Electrical Cabling in Home
5. Motor starters
6. Cameras, Scanners, Printers, and Photocopiers
7. Automobiles, electronic devices and Gaming’s
---------------------------------------------------- END-----------------------------------------------------------

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V2V EDTECH LLP

Online Coaching at an Affordable Price.

V2V EdTech LLP

Important Instructions to examiners:

1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10

1 a) Define Faraday’s first law of electromagnetic induction.

1 c) Draw 3- phase voltage waveform of a.c. supply with respect to time.

1 d) State working principle of transformer.

1 e) Write two applications of D.C. series motor.

1 g) State function of ELCB.

2 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12

2 a) Explain with neat diagram series and parallel magnetic circuits.

Fig. Series magnetic circuit

2 b) Explain the concept of lagging and leading phase angle by waveform.

ii) Lagging phase angle:

2 c) Draw delta connected load. State relation between:

Field Winding Produces mmf and consequently magnetic flux when

3 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12

3 a) Explain dynamic and static induced emf with neat diagram.

Statically Induced EMF:-

Mutually induced EMF :

Electrical connection between Electrical isolation between

3 c) Draw and explain split phase induction motor.

3 d) Give the working of MCCB.

4 Attempt any THREE of the following: 12

4 c) Explain in brief the working of universal motor.

i) Working of universal motor with DC supply:

4 e) Give the function of fuse and switch.

5 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12

5 a) An alternating voltage is represented by v = 50.5 sin (314t +90). Calculate

5 c) 20kVA, 3300/ 240 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has 80 turns on secondary

6 Attempt any TWO of the following: 16

Capacitor-start, Capacitor-run Induction Motor:

6 b) What is earthing? Give the importance of earthing. i)

V2V EdTech LLP

Winter- 2018 Examinations

Important suggestions to examiners:

Q.1 Attempt any FIVE of the following : 10 Marks

Unit of Reluctance (s) :- (1 Marks)

b) Write any two advantages of AC over DC.

Winter- 2018 Examinations

d) Define the transformation ratio of a transformer.

Winter- 2018 Examinations

e) Draw neat constructional sketch of shell type transformer.

f) State the types of single phase induction motors.

Winter- 2018 Examinations

Q.2 Attempt any THREE of the following : 12 Marks

ii) Mutually induced emf : ( Figure : 1 Mark & Explanation : 1 Mark)

Winter- 2018 Examinations

Principle of alternator depends upon Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

Winter- 2018 Examinations

1. Saving of copper takes place/Copper required is less.

1. It is used as a starter for induction motor.

d) State four advantages of poly-phase circuit over single phase circuit.

Winter- 2018 Examinations

Q.3 Attempt any THREE of the following : 12 Marks

1 The magnetic circuit in which Path traced by the current is known as

7 The Flux = MMF/ Reluctance The current I = EMF/ Resistance

i) Number of primary winding turns N1:

Winter- 2018 Examinations