NAVIC - Navipedia 17/03/24, 11:08 AM

NAVIC

The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) is a regional satellite navigation IRNSS
system owned by the Indian government. The system is being developed by Indian Space
Title NAVIC
Research Organization (ISRO).
Edited by GMV
In April 2016, with the last launch of the constellation's satellite, IRNSS was renamed
Navigation Indian Constellation (NAVIC) by India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi.[1] Level Basic

Year of Publication 2011

Contents
IRNSS Introduction
IRNSS Architecture
IRNSS Services and Performances
IRNSS Development
References

IRNSS Introduction

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IRNSS is an independent and autonomous regional navigation system aiming a service area of about 1500 kilometers
around India. The system will be under complete Indian control, with the space segment, ground segment and user
receivers all being built in India.[2] It will have a range of applications including personal navigation.

IRNSS Architecture
IRNSS has 7 satellites complemented with the appropriate ground infrastructure as a minimum[3]. As it is traditional in ISRO logo
GNSS systems, the architecture is described next in three different segments: the space segment, the ground segment and
the user segment.

The IRNSS Space Segment: 3 of the 7 satellites are geostationary orbit (GEOs) and they are located at 32.5º East, 83º East and
131.5º East longitude[3]. There are 4 geostationary satellites (GSO) in orbits of 24,000 km apogee and 250 km perigee inclined at 29
degrees. Two of the GSOs cross the equator at 55º East and the other two at 111.75º East (two satellites in each plane)[3]. The life span
of the GEOs is 9.5 years and 11 years in the case of the GSOs.[4] The Constellation Design Considerations have been mainly:
Minimizing the Maximum DOP
Minimum number of satellites
Orbital slots for India for a continuous visibility with the control stations

The IRNSS Ground Segment consists of:[5]

ISRO Navigation Centre
IRNSS Spacecraft Control Facility
IRNSS Range and Integrity Monitoring Stations
IRNSS Network Timing Centre
IRNSS CDMA Ranging Stations
Laser Ranging Stations
Data Communication Network

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The ground segment is in charge of estimating and predicting IRNSS satellites position, calculation of integrity, ionospheric and clock
corrections and running the navigation software.

The IRNSS User segment: the IRNSS user segment is made of the IRNSS receivers. They will be dual-frequency receivers (L5 and S
band frequencies) or single frequency (L5 or S band frequency) with capability to receive ionospheric correction. They will be able to
receive and process navigation data from other GNSS constellations and the seven IRNSS satellites will be continuously tracked by the
user receiver. The user receiver will have a minimum gain G/T of -27 dB/K.

IRNSS Services and Performances

There will be two kinds of services:[5]

Special Positioning Service (SPS)

Precision Service (PS)

Both services will be carried on L5 (1176.45 MHz) and S band (2492.028 MHz). The
navigation signals would be transmitted in the S-band frequency and broadcast through a
phased array antenna to keep required coverage and signal strength.

The data structure for SPS and PS takes advantage of the fact that the number of satellites is
reduced -7 instead of the 30 used in other constellations- to broadcast ionospheric
corrections for a grid of 80 points to provide service to single frequency users. The clock,
ephemeris, almanac data of the 7 IRNSS satellites are transmitted with the same accuracy as
in legacy GPS, GLONASS & Galileo. IRNSS Architecture

The Performances expected for the IRNSS system are: Position accuracy around 20 m over
the Indian Ocean Region (1500 km around India) and less than 10 m accuracy over India and GSO adjacent countries.[6]

IRNSS Development

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The Indian government approved the project in May 2006, with the intention of the system to be completed and implemented by 2015.

The first satellite of the proposed constellation was successfully launched on the 1st of July 2013[7]. It is IRNSS-1A one of the three
Geosynchronous satellites that will is compose the entire constellation[8]. Despite the first launch was executed slightly later than the
planned, at that time India has announced the deadline of 2015-2016 to launch the remaining six satellites[9]. As in the first launch the
forthcoming will place in orbit only one satellite at a time. For that it is scheduled regular launches in every six
months[10]. As of 18 July 2013 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that the satellite
successfully reached its defined inclined geosynchronous orbit and that the verification tests would start one
week after. Before that, in 23 July the German Aerospace Center was able to receive a signal transmitted in the
L5 band from the IRSNSS-1A satellite. From the analysis of the received signal researchers from German
Aerospace Center concluded that the signal structure is consistent with what was announced as IRNSS Signal
Plan by ISRO[11]. On October 16, 2014, India’s Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched
its third navigation satellite IRNSS-1C abord a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket from Satish Dhawan
Space Centre, Sriharikota. The fourth IRNSS-1D satellite was successfully placed in orbit onboard the Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C27), on March 28, 2015. The ISRO's Master Control Facility took over the
control of the satellite and after that conducted several maneuvers in order to position the satellite in the
geosynchronous orbit at 111.75 degrees East longitude with 30.5 deg inclination[12]. The satellite reached its
intended orbit slot on April 9th, 2015.[13] IGP GRID to be used in
IRNSS
The fifth satellite of the IRNSS constellation was launched on January 20, 2016. [14] That launch was closely
followed by the 6th launch of a IRNSS satellite on March 10, 2016[15]. The seventh and final satellite was
launched on April 28, 2016 [16].An eighth satellite was launched in 2018[17] to replace the failed IRNSS-1A.

In 2020 IRNSS was recognized as a component of IMO’s World Wide Radio Navigation Systems[18], which enables merchant vessels to use
IRNSS for obtaining position information.

References
1. ^ With IRNSS-1G launch, India completes and renames its navigation constellation (http://gpsworld.com/with-irnss-1g-launch-india-com
pletes-and-renames-its-navigation-constellation/)
2. ^ IRNSS in Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Regional_Navigational_Satellite_System)
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2. ^ IRNSS in Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Regional_Navigational_Satellite_System)

3. ^ a b c Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System Program, Indian Space Research Organisation HQ (https://www.unoosa.org/pdf/icg/
2013/icg-8/5.pdf)
4. ^ What is the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS-NavIC)? in Jagran Josh website (https://www.jagranjosh.com/general
-knowledge/irnss-1606397318-1)
5. ^ a b IRNSS SIGNAL IN SPACE ICD FOR STANDARD POSITIONING SERVICE v1.1 (https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/irnss_sp
s_icd_version1.1-2017.pdf)
6. ^ Vasudha, M.P., Raju, G. Comparative evaluation of IRNSS performance with special reference to positional accuracy. Gyroscopy
Navig. 8, 136–149 (2017) (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S2075108717020109)
7. ^ India Launches First Navigation Satellite, GPS World (http://www.gpsworld.com/india-launches-first-navigation-satellite/)
8. ^ IRNSS Navigation Satellites (https://www.isro.gov.in/irnss-programme)
9. ^ IRNSS Press Release, July 2, 2013
10. ^ India launches its first dedicated navigation satellite, The Express Tribune (http://tribune.com.pk/story/570847/india-to-launch-satellite-
navigation-system/)
11. ^ Indian Regional Navigation Satellite Starts Signal Transmissions, GPS World, 25 July 2013 (http://www.gpsworld.com/indian-regional-
gnss-satellite-starts-signal-transmissions/)
12. ^ Indian Launches Fourth IRNSS Spacecraft, Inside GNSS, March 28, 2015 (https://insidegnss.com/indian-launches-fourth-irnss-space
craft/)
13. ^ The System: All Systems Go, with a Spring into Space (http://gpsworld.com/all-systems-go-with-a-spring-into-space/)
14. ^ India’s fifth navigation satellite launched (http://gpsworld.com/indias-fifth-navigation-satellite-launched/)
15. ^ India Successfully Launches IRNSS 1F into Orbit (https://insidegnss.com/india-successfully-launches-irnss-1f-into-orbit/)
16. ^ India Completes IRNSS Constellation (https://insidegnss.com/india-completes-irnss-constellation/)
17. ^ Department of Space, Indian Space Research Organisation website (https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/irnss-1i)
18. ^ Inside GNSS: India’s IRNSS Now Part of World Wide Radio Navigation System (https://insidegnss.com/indias-irnss-now-part-of-world-
wide-radio-navigation-system/)

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