LISTENING 1

Section 1 Listening Comprehension

Part A

1. (A) Her notebook is missing.

(B) Her handwriting is difficult to read. 13. (A) They should go to lunch soon.
(C) She wasn't in class this morning, either. (B) He needs to make more coffee for lunch .
(D) She's already lent her notes to someone else. (C) There is enough coffee for several more cups.
(D)He won't drink any more coffee today.
2. (A) Get a schedule of events at the athletic center.
(B)Refer to the bus schedule. 14. (A)There are too many shopping centers already.
(C) Wait for the shuttle in the student lounge . ¡¡ (B) They aren't really going to build a shopping center.
(D) Borrow a schedule from another student . (C) He knew about the planned construction .
(D) He hasn't been to the other shopping center .
3. (A) She looks good in blue.
(B) She never wears sweaters. 15. (A) She has to do some work tomorrow.
(C)She might prefer another color. (B) She'll attend tomorrow's performance .
(D) She enjoys receiving gifts. (C)She doesn't intend to go to the play.
(D) She can't work at the theater tomorrow.
4. (A)Someone painted it for her.
(B) She finally had time to paint it. 16. (A) She hasn't seen Kate.
(C) She decided to paint it later. (B) Kate has changed her plans.
(D) Some friends will help her paint it. (C)The man had misunderstood her.
(D) The man should go to New York next week.
5. (A) Today's seminar was informative.
(B)Another seminar will take place the following week. 17. (A) He doesn't want to attend the graduation ceremony.
(C) Next week's seminar is on a different topic . (B) He's attended only one graduation ceremony.
(D) There will be two seminars next week. (C)The woman doesn't have to attend the graduation
ceremony.
6. (A) He's usually happy. (D) Attendance is taken at the graduation ceremony.
(B) He listens to music when he's in a good mood.
(C) He had to pay a high price for his stereo. 18. (A) Someone from the housing office fixed the faucet.
(D)He's pleased with his purchase. (B) Allen called the housing office for her.
7. (A)He can send the woman additional information. (C) She replaced the faucet.
(B) The woman received the wrong bill. (D) Allen repaired the faucet.
(C) He agrees that the charges are too high.
(D) He'll credit the woman's account. 19. (A) He didn't know that the woman was class treasurer.
(B) He doesn't want to be treasurer.
8. (A)Answer her calls. (C) He doesn't think the woman should run for office.
(B) Take her home. (D) He didn't know the elections were today.
(C) Write out a list of his calls.
(D) Telephone her later in the day. 20. (A) He doesn't have much time for tennis .
(B) He's enthusiastic about his new courses.
9. (A) Taking a test. (C) He plays tennis better than she does .
(B) Giving Spanish tests to students. (D)He's not very interested in his school work.
(C) Paying for private lessons.
(D)Studying. 21. (A) He'll drive the woman to the paint store.
(B) He doesn't really like the painting .
10. (A) The window is broken. (C)He'll hold the painting for the woman .
(B) He's nervous about opening the window. (D) He doesn't know where the painting is .
(C)It's not possible to open the window.
(D) It's too cold to open the window. 22. (A) The man hurried through breakfast.
(B) The room is too warm for a sweater.
11. (A) He wasn't offered the job he had talked about . (C) The man will be late if he doesn't hurry.
(B)He didn't really want to work in the bookstore . (D)The man's appearance shows that he was rushed.
(C) He didn't know where the bookstore was.
(D) He didn't refuse the bookstore job. 23 .(A) The doctor wasn't feeling well .
12. (A) She needed to change the letter before mailing it. (B)He didn't see the new doctor.
(B) She didn't know how much postage was needed. (C) The doctor isn't new to the infirmary.
(C)She didn't have the right coins to buy stamps. (D) He met the doctor at a conference.
(D) The stamp machine has been moved .
24. (A) Pay Marsha for the bookshelf.
(B) Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is. 28. (A) The airport is closed due to bad weather.
(C) Check for the book on Marsha's shelf. (B)An earlier closure affected the airport's schedule.
(D)Ask Marsha if she has an extra bookshelf. (C) The flight is following its regular schedule.
(D) The plane will return to its point of departure.
25. (A)The man can get some paper at the new store.
(B) She just opened a new box of paper. 29. (A)She hadn't begun to study biology.
(C) She'll type the man's paper at her place . (B) She hadn't liked the previous biology course.
(D) The man can buy today's paper at the newsstand. (C) She did very well in elementary biology.
(D) She'd already taken all the biology courses .
26. (A) She saw only part of it.
(B) She couldn't go to see it. 30. (A) She recently moved to Miami.
(C) She wasn't in charge of it. (B) She needed a vacation.
(D)She didn't understand it. (C) She'll leave for Miami soon.
(D) She was pleased to get his postcard.
27. (A) He doesn't like old movies.
(B)He didn't see a large number of movies .
(C) He saw more movies than the woman did.
(D) His children have seen many movies.

Part B

Questions 31-34 (C) Management.

31. (A) It's too noisy. (D)Art.
(B) It's not convenient to the university.
(C)The heating system is defective. 37. (A) Its reputation isn't as good as State College's .
(D) The owner is unpleasant. (B) She can't get a good recommendation there .
(C) The registration office hasn't answered her letters yet .
32. (A)Tell the owner two months in advance that she's (D)She may not get accepted there .
moving.
(B) Alert the housing authorities to her problem. 38. (A)Use her professors as references.
(C) Move to another apartment in the same building. (B) Study more to improve her grades .
(D) Leave by the end of the month. (C) Think more positively about the State College
program .
33. (A) It must be on a higher floor. (D) Write to the head of the art department .
(B)It must have quiet surroundings.
(C) It must be within driving distance of the university.
(D) It must be in a new building.

34. (A) Rent would be very expensive.

(B)Public transportation wouldn't be available.
(C) Apartment complexes in Windsor are old.
(D) Apartments in Windsor tend to be noisy.

Questions 35-38
35. (A) Start a new program at State College.
(B)Study at a different school.
(C) Find a summer job.
(D) Improve her grades.

36. (A) Journalism.

(B) Science.

Part C

Questions 39-41
39. (A) Summer vacation. 40. (A) Register for summer school.
(B) The housing office. (B) Repair holes in room walls.
(C) Resident advisers. (C)Return their keys to the housing office.
(D) Check-out procedures. (D) Call the housing office.
 Questions 46-50
41. (A) Their summer addresses. 46. (A) Behavior of owls in the wild.
(B)Any damage to their rooms. (B) Experiments at the London Zoo.
(C) When they plan to leave. (C)An investigation of accidental animal deaths.
(D) Questions for the housing office. (D) An increase in insects at the zoo.

Questions 42-45 47. (A) Owl cages.

42. (A) The liquefaction of gas. (B) Insecticide spray.
(B) Techniques used for refrigeration. (C)Sawdust.
(C)Materials used to make industrialcontainers . (D) Mousetraps.
(D) The cost of transporting natural gas
48. (A) Rats.
43. (A)It becomes brittle. (B) Owls.
(B) It expands. (C) Mice.
(C) It oxidizes. (D) Insects.
(D) It bends.
49. (A) They choked on sawdust.
44. (A) It has a low melting point. (B)They were fed contaminated mice.
(B)It's expensive. (C) They were bitten by deadly insects.
(C) It often contains impurities. (D) They escaped from the zoo.
(D) Its properties are unpredictable.
45. (A) Oxygen. 50. (A)To illustrate a principle about environmental poisons.
(B) Aluminum.
(C) Nickel. (B) To demonstrate the usefulness of chemicals.
(D) Boron. (C) To show how bookkeepers raise mice in captivity.
(D) To prove a point about the building industry.

LISTENING 2

1. A. The man should go to the museum by shuttle bus. 26. D. The elections would be held later.
2. D. The man should have studied for the exam. 27. A. He did not recommend the lecture.
3. A. A new building. 28. D. She intends to go see the movie.
4. B. Use computer in the lab. 29. C. Ways should he found to use less water.
5. A. She got her watch where his sister works. 30. C. The new manual has not been completed yet.
6. A. Find out if classes are cancelled 31. C. The class reading list.
7. B. She is spending a lot of time in the library. 32. D. The main character gets into trouble.
8. A. Try to fix what is wrong with the computer. 33. A. Some British reviewers wrote favorably about it.
9. B. She wants the man to choose quickly. 34. C. Phases of language development in young
10. B. She can return the CD to Tom later. children.
11. B. Make an appointment at the clinic soon. 35. C. They are among the first sounds babies make.
12. C. Look at other apartments before deciding. 36. A. Their voice box is not positioned correctly yet.
13. D. He is not on the basketball team. 37. D. When children lear to associate sounds with
14. B. Buy the green shirt. meaning.
15. C. The woman is planning to start a new job. 38. B. How children are able to learn language.
16. D. See a play with her aunt. 39. B. Communication over long distances in North
17. C. She thinks she will not need financial aid. America.
18. B. The woman does not have to pay extra for it. 40. C. The fees of several couriers were included in the
19. A. A small town can have negative qualities. charge.
20. D. He will not able to coordinate the program again. 41. D. A funeral.
21. C. He is late for an appointment with the man and 42. C. Attracting birds.
woman. 43. B. They like to eat them.
22. B. She can get the materials they gave out at the 44. D. They are baked in the oven.
meeting. 45. A. It makes the clean and free of germs.
23. A. He probably will not able to follow the professor’s 46. C. She collects birds nests.
advice. 47. A. How to prevent landslides in populated areas.
24. B. He doubts that the theater group will perform a 48. B. They can reveal unsafe conditions for building.
musical next year. 49. B. It helps keep the soil in place.
25. C. He wants an appartment near his work. 50. D. A wall that stops water from draining.

LISTENING 3
1. B. She never heard of the comedy club 3. B. She doesn’t play volley ball anymore
2. D. Check with the store later
 4. A. The man can’t afford to fail such an important 30. A. Ed’s atitides would be easy to change
assignment 31. B. He has to do a lot of reading for his job
5. D. Finish her paper later that afternoon 32. A. She has taken a speed reading class
6. B. He was unable to buy a gift 33. B. Concern about the time commitment
7. A. He’d be happy to help the woman move her desk 34. D. At the dean’s office
8. – 35. –
9. A. He wants chocolate ice cream instead 36. B. She has more experience making prints than the
10. C. She liked the movie man does
11. – 37. A. By systematically reviewing each step in process
12. – 38. B. He adjusted the pressure on the printing press
13. A. She really like the concert she attended incorrectly
14. – 39. C. Finding butterfly habitats
15. B. He needs a table for six 40. C. Many different butterfly species live there
16. A. He usually prefers to shop in the morning 41. B. Looking for mate
17. A. Prepare the medicine for the man 42. C. To observe the migration of the monarch
18. C. At dry cleanser’s butterflies.
19. B. There isn’t enough food for them both 43. A. A lecture
20. A. Her arm is healing quickly 44. B. To make it easier for people with disabilities to
21. C. Both women have had there hair cut there attend shows
22. B. She agrees with the man 45. B. A student discount program,
23. A. The man should tke which ever class he needs 46. A. Ticket stubs
more 47. B. A potential application of laser technology
24. B. Hang up the handphone 48. B. It would be more durable than conventional
25. – engines.
26. C. He always bears the buzzer 49. B. Air
27. – 50. A. A laser-powered train engine will be marketed
28. A. She will arrive in the dallas earlier than expetied soon.
29. –

STRUCTURE 1

1. A dominant animal is best defined as one …. Actions are b. He appears

not constrained by possible responses of its fellows. c. Who appear
a) With d. He appear
b) That is
c) Whose 6. …. Getting the highest result in the class, john still had
d) Where its * problems with his teacher.
a. Despite of
2. In general, …. Have a professional obligation to protect b. In spite of
confidential sources of information. c. Even though*
a. Which journalists d. Nonetheless
b. Journalists, they
c. Journalists* 7. This new service will be available to all users …. Up for
d. Journalists that paid membership.
a. That signed*
3. Cobalt resembles iron and nickel in tensile strength, b. That signed it
appreance,… c. Which signed
a. Is hard d. Sign
b. Although hard
c. Has hardness 8. I think Jane deserved to be fired for her ….
d. And hardness* a. Totally behavior irresponsible
b. Behavior totally irresponsible
4. …. Explores the nature of guilt and responsibility and c. Irresponsible totally behavior
builds to a remarkable conclusion. d. Totally irresponsible behavior*
a. The written beautifully novel
b. The beautifully written novel* 9. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of
c. The novel beautifully written thunderstorms long before people ….
d. The written novel beautifully a. Hear
b. Hearing them
5. He is a man …. To have the vision of an eagle and c. Do*
courage of a lion. d. Do them
a. Who appears*
10. Of all economically important phants,palms have been … a) Walls which were false
a. The least studied* b) They had false walls
b. Study less and less c) False walls*
c. Study the least d) Walls of falsity
d. To study the less
18. The Duncan sofa, …. Is highly valued in todays antique
11. With the passing of the time and the emoarchement of furniture market.
people, the habitat of garillas … to decrease a) A colonial masterpiece*
a. Containing b) A colonial masterpiece which
b. Continius c) It is a colonial masterpiece that
c. Which continue d) Whose colonial masterpiece
d. Continue*
19.Maine’s coastline is a major attraction and vista of sandy
12. …. Social meeting birds that build their nests in tress and beaches contrasted… rockbound shoreline.
on clifis. a) To the rugged*
a. Most stocks are* b) By the rugged
b. Stocks most c) On the rugged
c. The most stocks d) At the rugged
d. Most are stocks
20. At the seventh international ballet competions, Fernando
13 ….. was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for this work Bujones won the first, gold modal ever … to a Unites
on the phoneletric effect. States make dancer
a. That enstein a) That award
b. It was enstein b) Should be awarding
c. Enstein who c) To be awarded*
d. Enstein* d) To award

14..Emma Thompson was nominated for an Academy Award 21. the b;est-known diffuse nebuls is the great Orion Nebuls
as both a Screenwriher…an actress in 1996. …. Can be seen by the narked eye.
a) Also a) It
b) Or b) Which*
c) In addition c) One
d) And* d) Who

15. Because of its warm tropical climate, howards…. Subzero 22. Over time the young students will perfect the art of piano
temperature. playing. After all, such …. Needs delicate handling .
a) Almost experience never a) A tuned instrument finely
b) Expreriance never almost b) A finely instrument tuned
c) Experiences almost never c) An instrument tuned finely
d) Almost never expreriance* d) A finely tuned instrument*
16. from the inception of his long and distingshedcarrer, frank
lieyd wright was concerned with how … architecture 23. Before Johnson and smith reached great heights in the
with topography. business world, … encountered many great difficults in
a) Integrating promoting their theories and methods.
b) To integrate* a) They*
c) Did the integrate b) Who
d) Integrated c) Which
d) He
17. Egyptian pyramids were regurally robbed despire their
intricate pessegewrys, byzantine mazes, and …

STRUCTURE 2

1. The tongue can move and play a vital role in chewing, …..…,
and speaking. 3. Those species are cultivated for their…….follage.
a. to b. swallowing a. beautifully b. beau
c. for d. of c. beauty d. beautiful

2. Instead of being housed in one central bank, the Federal 4. Kiwi birds mainly eat insects, worms, and snails and……. For
Reserve System is to….. into twelve districts. their food by probing the ground with their long bills.
a. dividing b. divided a. searching b. searches
c. division d. divides c. searched d. search
 c. on their background
5. He founded that city in 1685, and…..quickly grew to be the d. in background of them
largest city in colonial America.
a. he b. it 17. due to the refraction of light rays,….Is impossible for the
c. it d. we naked eye to determine the exact location of a star close to
the horizon.
6. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland than in……Canadian a. it b. this
province except Prince Edward Island. c. that d. there
a. other b. one another
c. any other d. others 18. Modern poets have experimented with poetic
devices…………..and assonance.
7. Dr. Bethune, the founder of Bethune-Cookman College, a. as such alliteration
served as…….to both Franklin Rosevelt and Harry Truman. b. such as alliteration
a. advise b. advised c. such alliteration as
c. an advisor d. advising d. alliteration such as

8. Some plants produse…………poisons that can affect a 19. Birds’ eggs vary greatly…….size, shape, and color.
person even if he or she merely brushes against them. a. with b. of
a. irritating b. irritated c. at d. in
c. irritability d. irritation
20. Fredrick dedicated……….of slavery and the fight for civil
9. Accute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of rights.
thunderstorms long before people…. a. his life to work the abolishment
a. hearing them b. do b. his life to working for the abolishment
c. do them c. hear c. his life to work to abolish
d. his life to working in abolish
10. The rotation of the Earth on its axis is…….the alternation
of periods of light and darkness. 21. Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the Canadian Rockies, is
a. responsible in b. responsible for named……
c. responsible with d. responsible to a. a famous after nurses
b. after a famous nurse
11. Doctors are not sure……fever c. nurses after a famous
a. exactly how disease causes d. after famous nurses
b. diseases exactly causes how
c. how disease causes exactly 22. Xanthines have both Good and bad effects on the body,
d. how exactly causes disease and these effects…..the size and regularity of dosage.
a. are generally determined by
12. ……….Burmese breed of cat was developed in the US b. are generally determined on
during the 1930’s. c. are generally determined in
a. The b. When the d. are generally determined with
c. While the d. Since the
23. when a severe ankle injury forced….to give up reporting in
13. Along the rocky shores of New England………and tidal 1926, M.Mitchell began writing her novel Gone with the
marsh. wind.
a. are where stretches of sandy beach a. herself b. her
b. stretches of sandy are there c. hers d. she
c. are stretches of sandy beach
d. stretches of sandy beach are 24. one of the most difficult questions in difining sleep is
“what……the functions of sleep?”
14. lina was nominated for an award as both a a. is b. has
screenwriter……..an actress in 2009. c. have d. are
a. also b. in addition
c. and d. but 25. the museum houses…..of various objects documenting
the vibrancy of the cultures.
15. An erupting volcano sometimes affects……of the a. fivethousands pieces
surrounding region and can even cause lakes to disappear. b. pieces five thousands
a. feature b. the featured c. five thousand pieces
c. featuring d. the feature d. thousands five pieces

16. most tree frogs change color to harmonize………… 26. …….in the same direction as their orbital motions, while
a. to their background Venus and Uranus rotate oppositely.
b. with their background a. seven of planets rotate
b. seven planets rotate
c. seven rotate of planets 34. Temperature levels in an oven are varied according to the
d. seven rotate planets kinds of…
a. are foods baked
27. in the US….. to the national legislature comprising the b. foods to be baked
house of Representatives and the Senate. c. are baked foods
a. voters elect representatives d. foods are baking
b. representatives elect voters
c. elect representatives voters 35. the three most common states of matter are….
d. voters election representative a. solidity, liquid, and gas
b. solid, liquefy, and gas
28. it is the interaction between people, rather than the c. solidity, liquidate, and gas
events that occur in their lives,……the main focus of social d. solid, liquid, and gas
psychology.
a. which are b. that are 36. the snowy egret is about the size…..crow
c. which is d. that is a. large b. of a large
c. of large d. a large
29. Today…..fewer than one hundred varieties cultivated
flowers. 37. it has been found that chronic loud noise may lead
a. are b. have to….hearing loss
c. there are d. have there a. temporary or permanently
b. temporarily or permanent
30. …….some of the famous detectives in literature are based c. temporarily or permanently
on deductive reasoning. d. temporary or permanent
a. methods use by
b. they used methods 38. with modern machinery, textile mills can manufacture as
c. the methodology used much fabric in a few seconds as…..weeks o produce by hands
d. using the methods of a. workers once took it
b. took workers it once
31. the short story most naturally flourishes in an age…..with c. it took once workers
simplicity and directness. d. it once took workers
a. what it expresses
b. that expresses itself 39. Norman Mailers first….with his war novel The Naked and
c. which expressing The Dead, published in 1948.
d. it is expressed a. Successfully achieved
b. achieved success
32. Naval cartographers’ knowledge of surface ocean c. successful achievement
currents is much more complete…….subsurface currents. d. achievement of success
a. than b. than in
c. than those of d. than that of 40. Through the years, the job of governing cities has become
…..complex.
33. Unless exposed to light….plant cells do not produce a. so much increasingly
chlorophyll. b. increasingly whole
a. most of b. the most of c. increasingly
c. the most d. most d. what is increasingly

STRUCTURE 3

1.Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty member

__________ to apply for the dean’s position. 3. The death toll would __________ much higher if
A. intend immediate action had not beentaken.
B. intends A. probably being
C. are intending B. probably be
D. has intend C. probably been
D. be probable
2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most dangerous
bacteria that can be acquired from food and water, even in 4. A fire in the __________ building could be a problem for
developed countries. firefighters.
A. one of the A. ninety-story-tall
B. one of B. ninety-tall-story
C. one C. ninety-stories-tall
D. of one D. ninety stories
5. Their office consisted of three rooms, __________ was 13. The company sustained an angry reaction from its
used as a conference room. employees after announcing how __________ to
A. larger of which reduce operating costs.
B. the largest of which A. it planned
C. the largest of them B. planned
D. largest C. did it plan
D. was planned
6. In the past six months, the company has already received
14. The gymnasium facilities of this public school are
twice __________ ingross revenues as it earned in the entire
__________ those of the finest private school in the
preceding year.
county.
A. as much A. second after
B. more B. second only to
C. as many C. first except for
D. as more D. second place from

7. __________ better, the team would have been able to

defeat the opponent. 15. The more the horse tried to free itself from the
A. If it prepares restraint, __________.
B. If prepares A. the tighter it became
C. Preparing B. it became tighter
D. Had it prepared C. the horse could not escape
D. it was unable to move
8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed until next
week. 16. __________, that runner is likely to be the first one
A. the meeting chosen.
B. was the meeting A. Due to her agility and speed
C. did the meeting B. Because of she is agile and fast
C. Because agile and rapid
D. the meeting was
D. Because her agility and speed
9. The curriculum at the public school is as good __________
of any privateschool.
17. It was not until the students were seated __________
A. or better than the proctor realized he had the wrong test booklets.
B. as or better that A. that
C. as or better than that B. when
D. as or better than those C. as soon as
D. and
10. Being a private university, __________ a well-organized
charitable givingprogram in order to offer a sufficient number 18. As a result of the additional rain with so much
of quality courses and activities. flooding already having occurred,residents were
A. development of seeking shelter __________ than in previous years.
B. it developed A. in more numbers
C. develop B. more numerously
D. developing C. greater in numbers
D. in greater numbers
11. Internet companies rely heavily on income from on-line
purchases, but __________.
A. traditional companies as well 19. The company president wrote an e-mail and planned
to send __________ as soon as the vote
B. traditional companies too
wascomplete.
C. also traditional companies
A. to all directors the message
D. so do traditional companies
B. the message by all directors
C. message to all directors
12. The company had difficulty distributing __________ so D. the message to all directors
that they could meetproduction quotas.
A. sufficiently number of parts in a timely manner to its 20. As the result of Diane’s illness and the effects of the
manufacturers medication, __________ to curtail her work and
B. a sufficient number of parts to its manufacturers in a public speaking activities.
timely manner A. has
C. to its manufacturers in a timely manner a sufficient B. had
number of parts C. she has had
D. in a timely manner to its manufacturers a sufficient D. she will had
number of parts
 21. __________ did Arthur realize that there was danger. reduce costs and increase
A. Upon entering the store C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and increase
B. When he entered the store D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs and
C.After he had entered the store increase
D.Only after entering the store
24. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut with regular
22. Hardly __________ the office when he realized that pliers but then decided he needed to retrieve his
he had forgotten his wallet. toolbox in order to use __________.
A. he had entered A. another pliers
B. had entered B. others pliers
C. entered C. the others ones
D. had he entered D. another pair

23. Once the employees had begun receiving financial 25. The committee has met and __________.
information on the company, __________ income. A. have approve the budget
A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and B. budget was approved
increasing C. its approval of the budget
B. it made the employees more eager to assist in D. approved the budget

READING 1

Questions 1-11
The work of the railroad pioneers in America became the basis for a great surge of railroad building halfway through the nineteenth
century that linked the nation together as never before. Railroads eventually became the nation’s number one transportation
system, and remained so until the construction of the interstate highway system halfway through the twentieth century. They were
of crucial importance in stimulating economic expansion, but their influence reached beyond the economy and was pervasive in
American society at large. By 1804, English as well as American inventors had experimented with steam engines for moving land
vehicles. In 1920, John Stevens ran a locomotive and cars around in a circular track on his New Jersey estate, which the public saw as
an amusing toy. And in 1825, after opening a short length of track, the Stockton to Darlington Railroad in England became the first
line to carry general traffic. American businesspeople, especially those in the Atlantic coastal region who looked for better
communication with the West, quickly became interested in the English experiment. The first company in America to begin actual
operations was the Baltimore and Ohio, which opened a thirteen- mile length of track in 1830. It used a team of horses to pull a
train of passenger carriages and freight wagons along the track. Steam locomotive power didn’t come into regular service until two
years later. However, for the first decade or more, there was not yet a true railroad system. Even the longest of the lines was
relatively short in the 1830’s, and most of them served simply to connect water routes to each other, not to link one railroad to
another. Even when two lines did connect, the tracks often differed in width, so cars from one line couldn’t fit onto tracks of the
next line. Schedules were unreliable and wrecks were frequent. Significantly, however, some important developments during the
1830’s and 1840’s included the introduction of heavier iron rails, more flexible and powerful locomotives, and passenger cars were
redesigned to become more stable, comfortable, and larger. By the end of 1830 only 23 miles of track had been laid in the country.
But by 1936, more than 1,000 miles of track had been laid in eleven States, and within the decade, almost 3,000 miles had been
constructed. By that early age, the United States had already surpassed Great Britain in railroad construction, and particularly from
the mid-1860’s, the late nineteenth century belonged to the railroads.

1. The word “stimulating” in line 5 is closest in meaning to (d) Steam locomotives replaced horses because of the
a) helping distances across the country
b) changing
c) promoting 4. The author concludes that for the first decade or more,
d) influencing there was not yet a true railroad system because
(a) passenger cars were not stable, comfortable or large
2. The word “their” in line 6 refers to b) locomotives were not powerful enough
(a)railroad pioneers (c) schedules were unreliable and wrecks were frequent
(b) railroads (d) lines were relatively short and not usually linked
(c)the interstate highway system
(d) American society 5. The word “schedules” in line 23 is closest in meaning to:
(a) safety procedures
3 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? b) employees
(a) The United States regarded Great Britain as a (c) timetables
competitor in developing the most efficient railroad (d) railroad tracks
system
(b) Steam locomotive power was first used in 1832 6 Which of the following is NOT true about the 1830’s and
(c) American businessmen saw railroads as a threat to 1840’s (line 24)
established businesses
 (a) passenger cars became larger (c) overtaken
(b) schedules were reliable (d) equalled
(c) locomotives became more powerful
(d) tracks were heavier 10. Where in the passage does the author outline the main
conclusions about the importance of railroads in America?
7. The word “stable” in line 26 is closest in meaning to (a) Lines 3-7
(a) fixed (b) Lines 14-18
(b) supportive (c) Lines 19-21
(c) reliable (d) Lines 29-31
(d) sound

8. By what time had almost 3,000 miles of track been laid? 11. Why does the author include details about Great Britain
(a) 1830 in the passage?
(b) 1836 (a) To compare developments in both the United States and
(c) 1840 Great Britain
(d) mid-1860s (b) To illustrate the competitiveness between the two
countries
9. The word “surpassed” in line 29 is closest in meaning to (c) To show where Americans got their ideas and
(a) exceeded technology from
(b) beaten (d)To provide a more complete historical context

Question 12-19
The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually and the first woman to win this prize was Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner in
1905. In fact, her work inspired the creation of the Prize. The first American woman to win this prize was Jane Addams, in 1931.
However, Addams is best known as the founder of Hull House. Jane Addams was born in 1860, into a wealthy family. She was one of
a small number of women in her generation to graduate from college. Her commitment to improving the lives of those around her
led her to work for social reform and world peace. In the 1880s Jane Addams travelled to Europe. While she was in London, she
visited a ‘settlement house’ called Toynbee Hall. Inspired by Toynbee Hall, Addams and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull
House in a neighborhood of slums in Chiacago in 1899. Hull House provided a day care center for children of working mothers, a
community kitchen, and visiting nurses. Addams and her staff gave classes in English literacy, art, and other subjects. Hull House also
became a meeting place for clubs and labor unions. Most of the people who worked with Addams in Hull House were well educated,
middle- class women. Hull House gave them an opportunity to use their education and it provided a training ground for careers in
social work. Before World War I, Addams was probably the most beloved woman in America. In a newspaper poll that asked, “Who
among our contemporaries are of the most value to the community?”, Jane Addams was rated second, after Thomas Edison. When
she opposed America’s involvement in World War I, however, newspaper editors called her a traitor and a fool, but she never
changed her mind. Jane Addams was a strong champion of several other causes. Until 1920, American women could not vote.
Addams joined in the movement for women’s suffrage and was a vice president of the National American Woman Suffrage
Association. She was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and was
president of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. . Her reputation was gradually restored during the last years
of her life. She died of cancer in 1935.

12. With which of the following subjects is the passage (a) involvement
mainly concerned? (b) obligation
(a) The first award of the Nobel Peace Prize to an (c) dedication
American woman (d) enthusiasm
(b) A woman’s work for social reform and world peace
(c) The early development of Social Work in America 15 Jane Addams was inspired to open Hull House because:
(d) Contributions of educated women to American (a) it gave educated women an opportunity to use their
society education and develop careers in social work
(b) she traveled to Europe in the 1880s
13. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (c) she visited Toynbee Hall
(a) the work of Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von (d) she was invited by a ‘settlement house’in Chicago
Suttner was an inspiration to Jane Addams
(b) Jane Addams is most famous for her opening of Hull 16 The word “their” in line 15 refers to
House (a) children of working mothers
(c) those who lived near Hull House had very poor (b) middle-class women
literacy skills (c) visiting nurses
(d) Jane addams considered herself as a citizen of the (b) labor union members
world rather than of one particular country
17 The word “contemporaries” in line 18 is closest in meaning
14. The word “commitment” in line 6 is closest in meaning to to
(a) people of the same time
(b) famous people still alive (c) became a founding member of the NAACP
(c) elected officials (d) opposed America’s involvement in World War I
(d) people old enough to vote
19 Where in the passage does the author mention the
18 According to the passage, Jane Addams’reputation was services provided by Hull House?
damaged when she (a) lines 5-10
(a) allowed Hull House to become a meeting place for (b) lines 10-15
clubs and labor unions (c) lines 15-20
(b) joined in the movement for women’s suffrage (d) lines 20-25

Questions 20-29

The medieval artists didn’t know about perspective; they didn’t want to make their people look like real, individual people in a real,
individual scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t need to know
about perspective. In the European Renaissance period, artists wanted to show the importance of the individual person and his or
her possessions and surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality and the artists needed a new technique. It
was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance only
had single-point perspective. Later they realized that they could have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point perspective.
With two-point perspective they could turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and draw two sides of it. The
technique of perspective which seems so natural to us now is an invented technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like all
bits of grammar there are exceptions about perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye
level.

Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level. For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of perspective drawing in their pictures.
Nevertheless, there are a range of priorities that artists in displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his picture
and he used a simple single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of the other
painters of the Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists until this century were always very
strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures which have volume and depth. However, he wanted to keep our
eyes on the surface and to remind us that his paintings are paintings and not illusions. It is technically easy to give an illusion of
depth. However, a strong two dimensional design is just as important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more important.

20. The passage mainly discusses (a) the picture

(a) the difference between medieval and Renaissance art (b) perspective
(b) how the technique of perspective influenced the (c) angle
modern art (d) the object
(c) the discovery of the technique of perspective
(d) the contribution of Renaissance artists 25. The word “Grammar ” in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(a) construction
21. The word “eternal” in line 3 is closest in meaning to (b) grammatical rules
(a) timeless (c) rules and regulations
(b) infinite (d) tones and volume
(c) frequent
(d) constant 26. The author’s purpose to give the example in line14-15 is
to
22. According to the passage, which is the main concern for (a) explain how perspective work in painting
medieval artists? (b) support two-pointed perspective
(a) the individual person and his/her possessions and (c) illustrate that there are exceptions about perspective
surroundings (d) point out that the technique of perspective though
(b) real people, real scenes seems so natural is an invented technique
(c) eternal timeless truth of the earth
(d) themes of religious stories 27. The following artists’ priorities in style shift away from
perspective except
23. The discovery of perspective was the result of (a) Crivelli
(a) Renaissance artists’ to prove that the medieval artists (b) Cezanne
could show level of reality (c) Japanese artists
(b) the need to turn an object at an angle and draw more (d) Brunelleschi
than one side of it
(c) the subject being shifted from religious stories to 28. The word ”Illusion” in line 25 is closest in meaning to
individual person and surroundings. (a) deception
(d) natural evolution of human senses (b) photograph
(c) decoration
24. The word “it” in line 12 refers to (d) illustration
 to show a new level of reality
29. It can be inferred from the passage that Renaissance (c) were inspired by vertical and horizontal surfaces in
artists inventing the technique of perspective
(a) embraced the medieval style of eternal truth (d) saw two dimensional design more important than a
(b) needed to develop a new approach towards painting feeling of depth

There are two main hypotheses when it comes to explaining the emergence of modern humans. The ‘Out of Africa’ theory holds
that homo sapiens burst onto the scene as a new species around 150,000 to 200,000 years ago in Africa and subsequently replaced
archaic humans such as the Neandertals. The other model, known as multi-regional evolution or regional continuity, posits far more
ancient and diverse roots for our kind. Proponents of this view believe that homo sapiens arose in Africa some 2 million years ago
and evolved as a single species spread across the Old World, with populations in different regions linked through genetic and
cultural exchange.

Of these two models, Out of Africa, which was originally developed based on fossil evidence, and supported by much genetic
research, has been favored by the majority of evolution scholars. The vast majority of these genetic studies have focused on DNA
from living populations, and although some small progress has been made in recovering DNA from Neandertal that appears to
support multi-regionalism, the chance of recovering nuclear DNA from early human fossils is quite slim at present. Fossils thus
remain very much a part of the human origins debate. Another means of gathering theoretical evidence is through bones.
Examinations of early modern human

skulls from Central Europe and Australia dated to between 20,000 and 30,000 years old have suggested that both groups apparently
exhibit traits seen in their Middle Eastern and African predecessors. But the early modern specimens from Central Europe also
display Neandertal traits, and the early modern Australians showed affinities to archaic Homo from Indonesia. Meanwhile, the
debate among paleoanthropologists continues , as supporters of the two hypotheses challenge the evidence and conclusions of
each other.

30. The passage primarily discusses which of the following (c) thin
(a) Evidence that supports the “Out of Africa” theory (d) difficult
(b) Two hypotheses and some evidence on the
human origins debate 35. Which of the following is not true
(c) The difficulties in obtaining agreement among (a) the vast majority of genetic studies have focused on
theorists on the human origins debate living populations
(d) That fossils remain very much a part of the human (b) early modern human skulls all support the same
origins debate conclusions
(c) both hypotheses focus on Africa as a location for the
31. The word “emergence” in line 1 is closest in meaning to new species.
(a) complexity (d) early modern Australian skulls have similarities to
(b) development those from Indonesia.
(c) appearance
(d) decline 36. In line 18, the word “their ” refers to which of the
following
32. The word “proponents” in line 6 is closet in meaning to (a) Middle Easterners and Africans
(a) experts (b) skulls
(b) advocates (c) central Europeans and Australians
(c) inspectors (d) traits
(d) historians
37. Which of the following is NOT true about the two
33. All of the following are true except hypotheses
(a) three methods of gathering evidence are mentioned in (a) Both hypotheses regard Neandertals to be the
the passage predecessors of modern humans
(b) the multi-regional model goes back further in history. (b) Genetic studies have supported both hypotheses
(c) the Out of Africa model has had more support from (c) Both hypotheses cite Africa as an originating location.
scholars (d) One hypothesis dates the emergence of homo sapiens
(d) DNA studies offer one of the best ways in future to much earlier than the other.
provide clear evidence.
38. It can be inferred from the passage that
34. The word “slim” in line 14 is closest in meaning to (a) there is likely to be an end to the debate in the near
(a) small future
(b) narrow (b) the debate will interest historians to take part in
 (c) the debate is likely to be less important in future has come from a number of different parts of the world
(d) there is little likelihood that the debate will die down (b) DNA from Neandertal appears to support multi-regionalis
(c) Populations in different regions were linked through
39. According to the passage, the multi-regional evolution genetic and cultural exchang
model posits far more diverse roots for our kind becausE (d) This has been supported by fossil evidence
(a) Evidence from examinations of early modern human skulls

Questions 40-50
Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of
modern management thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with thepioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915). Taylor
was the first person to study work scientifically. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential
piece rate systems, and for systematically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers
such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientific management’. At that time,
his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the
expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation. The time and motion
study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing
and bedmaking chores, this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste
motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”. The Gilbreth methods
included using stop watches to time worker movements and special tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker
performance, and also involved identification of“therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) – basic motions used in production jobs.
Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a
given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide
a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all five work dimensions are
considered: physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

40. What is the passage primarily about? (c) applying scientific management principles
(a) The limitations of pioneering studies in understanding (d) watching his children do their chores
human behavior
(b) How time and motion studies were first developed 45. The basic motions used in production jobs were given
(c) The first applications of a scientific approach to which one of following names by Frank Gilbreth?
understanding human behavior (a) dimensions
(d) The beginnings of modern management theory (b) gilreths
(c) therbligs
41. The word “ which” in line 9 refers to (d) monitors
(a) scientific management
(b) philosophy 46. According to the passage, the time it takes a skilled
(c) productivity worker to perform the motion of a given job can be
(d) time and motion study measured by using:
(a) stop watches
42. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that (b) all 5 work dimensions
(a) workers welcomed the application of scientific (c) special tools
management (d) therbligs
(b) Talor’s philosophy is different from the industrial
norms 47. The word “motions” in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(c) by the early 1900s science had reached a stage where (a) stop watches
it could be applied to the workplace (b) habits
(d) workers were no longer exploited after the (c) actions
introduction of scientific management. (d) special tools

43. The word “prevailing” in line 10 is closest in meaning to 48. Where in the passage does the author comment that the
(a) predominant principles of scientific management were often
(b) broadly accepted misunderstood?
(c) prevalent (a) Lines 1-5
(d) common (b) Lines 6-10
(c) Lines 11-15
44. According to the passage, Frank Gilbreth discovered how (d) Lines 16-20
workers could eliminate waste motion by
(a) using special tools such as cameras and clocks 49. The word “dimensions” in line 24 is
(b) using stop watches closest in meaning to
 (a) sizes (b) the beginnings of modern management thought
(b) extents commenced in the 19th century.
(c) aspects (c) Frank Gilbreth’s fame was enhanced by two of his
(d) standards children writing a book.
(d) analyzing work to increase productivity is not likely to
50. All of the following are true except be useful unless all of the dimensions are considered.
(a) scientific management was concerned with
productivity.

READING 2

The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largestand northernmost state in
the United States, ending ata remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles fromwhere it begins.
(5)It is massive in size and extremelycomplicated to operate The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endlessmiles of delicate
tundra that tops the frozen ground. Itweaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer
(10) mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its waythrough thick forests, and passes over or under hundredsof rivers and
streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, andup to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crudeoil can be pumped through it daily.
(15) Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," longsections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course highabove the frozen earth.
Other long sections drop out ofsight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the down route is determined by the often harsh
demandssurface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and
(20) down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay ofpermafrost
(permanently frozen ground). A little morethe land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, orthan half of the pipeline is elevated
above the ground. depending largely upon the type of terrain and the
(25) The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet,properties of the soilapproximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest One
of the largest in the world, the pipeline costand
(30) most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much
money, so eight major oilthe costs.
(35) Each company controlled oil rights tocompanies formed a consortium in order to share particular shares of land in the oil fields
and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to thesize of its holdings. Today, despite enormousbreakdowns, labor
disagreements,
(40) treacherous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipmentterrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, andeven theft, the
Alaska pipeline has been completedand is operating.

1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's 5. The author mentions all of the following as
A. operating costs important in determining the pipeline's route
B. employees EXCEPT the
C. consumers A. climate
D. construction B. lay of the land itself
C. local vegetation
2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to D. kind of soil and rock
A. pipeline
B. ocean 6. The word "undertaken" in line 31 is closest in
C. state meaning to
D. village A. removed
B. selected
3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of oil C. transported
can travel through the pipeline each D. attempted
A. day 7. How many companies shared the costs of
B. week constructing the pipeline?
C. month A. three
D. year B. four
C. eight
4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 15 is closest in D. twelve
meaning to
A. consisting of 8. The word "particular" in line 35 is closest in meaning
B. supported by to
C. passing under A. peculiar
D. protected with B. specific
C. exceptional
 D. equal D. How many oil wells were located on the
company's land
9. Which of the following determined what percentage
of the construction costs each member of the 10. Where in the passage does the author provide a
consortium would pay? term for an earth covering that always remains
A. How much oil field land each company frozen?
owned A. Line 4
B. How long each company had owned land in B. Line 15
the oil fields C. Line 23
C. How many people worked for each D. Line 37
company

When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most
important single fact about it-at this moment in time. It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only
a negligibly small part of the Sun's history. Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, we see around us stars
at all stages of evolution. There are faint blood-red dwarfs so cool that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees
Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of their
radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) Faint dwarf stars (B) The evolutionary cycle of the Sun
(C) The Sun's fuel problem (D) The dangers of invisible radiation

2. What does the author say is especially important about the Sun at the present time?
(A) It appears yellow (B) It always remains the same
(C) It has a short history (D) It is too cold

3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?

(A) They are short- lived. (B) They are mysterious.
(C) They are frightening. (D) They are nearly invisible.

4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to age, it is likely to become what color?
(A) Yellow (B) Violet (C) Red (D) White

5. In line 15, to which of the following does "it" refer?

(A) yellow "hump" (B) day (C) Sun (D) hydrogen fuel

If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of
suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century.
Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were
conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's were located along waterways and
near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of
employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that
abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities
appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia
County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York Indeed, most great cities of the United
States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.
With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress conditions that
began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was
developed. Within a few years the horse - drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and
connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city
into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass - scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous
emergence of the urban Middle class whose desires for homeownership In neighborhoods far from the aging inner
city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.
Emergence munculnya. Conveyed menyampaikan. Encroachment gangguan. Annexed menggabungkan

1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (C) The Development of City Transportation
(A) The growth of Philadelphia (D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class
(B) The Origin of the Suburb
2. The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have (B) Urban crowding
grown during periods of (C) The advent of an urban middle class
(A) industrialization (D) The invention of the electric streetcar
(B) inflation
(C) revitalization 5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890 most
(D) unionization people traveled around cities by
(A) automobile
3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to which of the (B) cart
following? (C) horse-draw trolley
(A) The smell of the factories (D) electric streetcar
(B) The growth of mill towns
(C) The development of waterways 6. Where in the passage does the author describe the cities
(D) The loss of jobs as they were prior to suburbanization.
(A) Lines 3-5
4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage (B) Lines 5-9
as a factor in nineteenth-century suburbanization? (C) Lines 12- 13
(A) Cheaper housing (D) Lines 15-18

The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies. Sir
Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonists to the New World. His initial expedition, which sailed in
1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in
1583, when Gilbert and hisship were lost in a storm. In the following year, Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water Raleigh,
having obtained a renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the region that he named
"Virginia." Under Raleigh's direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke island in 1585 an6 1587.
The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonists
disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they
had undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a short time the trading company had supplanted the
individual promoter of colonization. (Supplanteddigantikan(pilihanny tadi ada subtitude))

1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title 4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial expedition set out for
for the passage? North America?
(A) The Regulation of Trading Companies (A) 1577 (B) 1579
(B) British - Spanish Rivalry in the New World (C) 1582 (D) 1584
(C) Early Attempts at Colonizing North America
(D) Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century 5. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
about members of the first Roanoke settlement?
2. The passage states which of the following about the first (A) They explored the entire coastal region.
English people to be involved in establishing colonies in (B) Some did not survive.
North America? (C) They named the area "Virginia".
(A) They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth. (D) Most were not experienced sailors.
(B) They were members of large trading companies.
(C) They were immediately successful.
(D) They were acting on their own. 6. According to the passage, the first English settlement on
Roanoke Island was established in
3. According to the passage, which of the following (A) 1578 (B) 1583
statements about Sir Humphrey Gilbert is true? (C) 1585 (D) 1587
(A) He never settled in North America.
(B) His trading company was given a patent by the 7. According to the passage, which of; the following
queen. statements about the second settlement on Roanoke
(C) He fought the Spanish twice. Island is true?
(D) He died in 1587. (A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to England.
(B) It lasted for several years.
(C) The fate of its inhabitants is unknown.
(D) It was conquered by the Spanish.
 Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands
of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It is
impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-
industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is
logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been
enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes:
medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize
literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably
not even recognized as a special branch of "Knowledge at all.

Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants,
and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of
botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic
ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and
their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans
was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on,
humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little
here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild – and the accumulated knowledge' of tens of thousands of
years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

1. Which of the following assumptions about early humans is (A) To make the passage more poetic
expressed in the passage? (B) To cite examples of plants that are attractive
(A) They probably had extensive knowledge of plants. (C) To give botanical examples that all readers will
(B) They thought there was no need to cultivate crops. recognize
(C) They did not enjoy the study of botany. (D) To illustrate the diversity of botanical life
(D) They placed great importance on the ownership of
property. 5. According to the passage, what was the first great step
toward the practice of agriculture?
2. What does the comment "This is logical" in line 6 mean? (A) The invention of agricultural implements and
(A) There is no clear way to determine the extent of machinery
our ancestor’s knowledge of plants. (B) The development of a system of names for plants
(B) It is not surprising that early humans had a (C) The discovery of grasses that could be harvested
detailed knowledge of plants. and replanted
(C) It is reasonable to assume that our ancestors (D) The changing diets of early humans
behaved very much like people in preindustrial
societies.
(D) Human knowledge of plants is well organized and 6. The relationship between botany and agriculture is similar
very detailed. to the relationship between zoology (the study of animals)
and
3. According to the passage, why has general knowledge of (A) deer hunting
botany begun to fade? (B) bird watching
(A) People no longer value plants as a useful resource. (C) sheep raising
(B) Botany is not recognized as a special branch of (D) horseback riding
science.
(C) Research is unable to keep up with the increasing 7. In which lines in the passage does the author describe the
numbers of plants. beneficial properties that plants have for humans?
(D) Direct contact with a variety of plants has (A) Lines 1-2
decreased. (B) Lines 7-9
(C) Lines 11-12
4. In line 16, what is the author’s purpose in mentioning "a (D) Lines 14-16
rose, an apple, or an orchid"?
 The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things: the invention of labor-saving machinery
and. the development of scientific agriculture. Labor - saying machinery, naturally appeared, first where labor was
8carce. "In Europe," said, Thomas Jefferson, the object is to make the most of: their land, labor being abundant;. here
it, is to make the most of our labor, land being abundant. It was in America, therefore, that the great advances in
nineteenth - century agricultural machinery first came.

At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude plow farmers could have carried practically all of the
existing agricultural implement on their backs; by 1860, most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an
early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1790 Charies Newbold of New
Jersey had been working on the of a cast – iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The
farmers, however, would have none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow.
Nevertheless, many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869 James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana,
turned out the first chilled-steel plow.

1. What is the main topic of the passage? (A) Europe was changing more quickly than America.
(A) The need for agricultural advances to help feed a (B) Europe had greater need of farm machinery than
growing population America did.
(B) The development of safer machines demanded by (C) America was finally running out of good farmland.
the labor movement (D) There was a shortage of workers on American
(C) Machinery that contributed to the agricultural farms.
revolution
(D) New Jersey as a leader in the agricultural 5. It can be inferred that the word "here' in line 4 refers to
revolution (A) Europe (B) America
(C) New Jersey (D) Indiana
2. The word "naturally" as used in line 3 is closest in meaning
to which of the following? 6. What point is the author making by stating that farmers
(A) Gradually (B) Unsurprisingly could carry nearly all their tools On their backs?
(C) Apparently (D) Safely (A) Farmers had few tools before the agricultural
revolution.
3. The expression "make the most of" in line 4 is closest in (B) Americans were traditionally self - reliant.
meaning to which of the following? (C) Life on the farm was extremely difficult.
(A) Get the best yield from (D) New tools were designed to be portable.
(B) Raise the price of
(C) Exaggerate the worth of 7. Why did farmers reject Newbold'splow?
(D) Earn a living on (A) Their horses were frightened by it.
(B) They preferred lighter tools.
4. Which of the following can be inferred from what Thomas (C) It was too expensive.
Jefferson said? (D) They thought it would ruin the land.
 It was not "the comet of the century experts predicted it might be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek had provided a
bonanza of scientific information. It was first spotted 370 million miles from Earth, by an astronomer who was
searching the sky for asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. Scientists who tracked Kohoutek the ten
months before it passed the Earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant spectacle. But Kohoutek fell short of these
predictions, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye.
Researchers were delighted nonetheless with the nevi information they were able to glean from their investigation of
the comet. Perhaps the most significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds-
methyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide-never before seen in comets, but found in the far reaches of interstellar space.
This discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that comets are primordial
remnants from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter and Neptune or much
farther out toward interstellar space has been the subject of much debate. If compounds no more complex than
ammonia and methane, key components of Jupiter, were seen in comets, it would suggest that comets form within
the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds such as the methyl cyanide found in Kohoutek, point to formation
far beyond the planets there the deep freeze of space has kept them unchanged.

1. What is the subject of the passage? (C) Between Jupiter and Neptune
(A) What was learned from Kohoutek (D) Beyond the Earth's solar system
(B) What was disappointing about Kohoutek
(C) Where Kohoutek was spotted 5. According to the passage, what is one major component of
(D) How Kohoutek was tracked Jupiter?
(A) Hydrogen cyanide
2. Why was Kohoutek referred to as "the comet of the (B) Methyl cyanide
century"? (C) Hydrogen
(A) It was thought to be extremely old. (D) Ammonia
(B) It passes the Earth once a century.
(C) Scientists predicted it would be very bright. 6. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find most
(D) Scientists have been tracking it for a century. interesting?
(A) Its shape
3. In what respect was Kohoutek a disappointment? (B) Its composition
(A) It could be seen only through special equipment. (C) Its orbit
(B) It did not approach the Earth. (D) Its size
(C) It did not provide valuable scientific information.
(D) It was moving too rapidly for scientists to 7. Which of the following questions is best answered by
photograph. information gained from Kohoutek?
(A) Where were comets formed?
4. Before the investigation of Kohoutek, where had methyl (B) When were comets formed?
cyanide been known to exist? (C) When was the solar system formed?
(A) In comets (D) How was the solar system formed?
(B) On asteroids
Amelia Earhart was born in Kansas in 1897. Thirty one years later, she received a phone call that would change her life. She was
invited to become the first woman passenger to cross the Atlantic Ocean in a plane. The flight took more than 20 hours – about
three times longer than it routinely takes today to cross the Atlantic by plane. Earhart was twelve years old before she ever saw an
airplane, and she didn’t take her first flight until 1920. But she was so thrilled by her first experience in a plane that she quickly
began to take flying lessons. She wrote, “As soon as I left the ground, I knew I myself had to fly.”
After that flight Earhart became a media sensation. She was given a ticker tape parade down Broadway in New York and even
President Coolidge called to congratulate her. Because her record-breaking career and physical appearance were similar to
pioneering pilot and American hero Charles Lindbergh, she earned the nickname “Lady Lindy.” She wrote a book about her flight
across the Atlantic, called 20 Hrs., 40 Min.
Earhart continued to break records, and also polished her skills as a speaker and writer, always advocating women’s
achievements, especially in aviation. Her next goal was to achieve a transatlantic crossing alone. In 1927 Charles Lindbergh became
the first person to make a solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic. Five years later, Earhart became the first woman to repeat that
feat. Her popularity grew even more and she was the undisputed queen of the air. She then wanted to fly around the world, and in
June 1937 she left Miami with Fred Noonan as her navigator. No one knows why she left behind important communication and
navigation instruments. Perhaps it was to make room for additional fuel for the long flight. The pair made it to New Guinea in 21
days and then left for Howland Island, a tiny island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The last communication from Earhart and
Noonan was on July 2, 1937 with a nearby Coast Guard ship. The United States Navy conducted a massive search for more than two
weeks but no trace of the plane or its passengers was ever found. Many people believe they got lost and simply ran out of fuel and
died.

32. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
(A) The history of aviation (B) The tragic death of the queen of air
(C) Achievements of early aviation pioneers (D) The achievements of a pioneering aviatrix

33. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Earhart is NOT true?
(A) She wrote a book about her solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic, called 20 Hrs., 40 Min.
(B) In her last adventure, she didn’t take communication and navigation instruments by accident, and that led to the
tragedy.
(C) She is regarded as the female Chare Lindbergh in aviation.
(D) She was in her late twenties when she took her first flight

34. According to the passage, when did Amelia Earhart began her first flight
(A) when she was 12 years old (B) 1920
(C) when she first saw an airplane (D) when she started to take flying lessons.

35. The word “sensation” in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) feeling (B) hit (C) excitement (D) perception

36. Amelia Earhart was called “Lady Lindy” because

(A) she was the undisputed queen of the air.
(B) President Coolidge gave her the nickname.
(C) she repeated Charles Lindbergh’s feat.
(D) of her career and her physical resemblance to Lindbergh

37. The word “undisputed” in line18 is closest in meaning to

(A) contemporary (B) undeceived (C) dissipated (D) undoubted

38. The word “it” in line 20 refers to

(A) plane (B) communication (C) the reason (D) aviation.

39. The word “massive” in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) substantial (B) general (C) large (D) careful

40. It may be inferred from the passage that Amelia Earhart

 (A) would not have developed her love of flying if she had not been invited to become the first woman passenger to
cross the Atlantic in a plane.
(B) Would have continued to seek new adventures and records to break if she had not died at the age of 39.
(C) became too confident and took too many risks to be able to live to old age.
(D) did not want to return to the United States.

Question 41-50
Music can bring us to tears or to our feet, drive us into battle or lull us to sleep. Music is indeed remarkable in its
power over all humankind, and perhaps for that very reason, no human culture on earth has ever lived without it. From
discoveries made in France and Slovenia even Neanderthal man, as long as 53,000 years ago, had developed surprisingly
sophisticated, sweet-sounding flutes carved from animal bones. It is perhaps then, no accident that music should strike
such a chord with the limbic system – an ancient part of our brain, evolutionarily speaking, and one that we share with
much of the animal kingdom. Some researchers even propose that music came into this world long before the human race
ever did. For example, the fact that whale and human music have so much in common even though our evolutionary
paths have not intersected for nearly 60 million years suggests that music may predate humans. They assert that rather
than being the inventors of music, we are latecomers to the musical scene
Humpback whale composers employ many of the same tricks that human songwriters do. In addition to using similar
rhythms, humpbacks keep musical phrases to a few seconds, creating themes out of several phrases before singing the
next one. Whale songs in general are no longer than symphony movements, perhaps because they have a similar
attention span. Even though they can sing over a range of seven octaves, the whales typically sing in key, spreading
adjacent notes no farther apart than a scale. They mix percussive and pure tones in pretty much the same ratios as human
composers – and follow their ABA form, in which a theme is presented, elaborated on and then revisited in a slightly
modified form. Perhaps most amazing, humpback whale songs include repeating refrains that rhyme. It has been
suggested that whales might use rhymes for exactly the same reasons that we do: as devices to help them remember.
Whale songs can also be rather catchy. When a few humpbacks from the Indian Ocean strayed into the Pacific, some of
the whales they met there quickly changed their tunes – singing the new whales’ songs within three short years. Some
scientists are even tempted to speculate that a universal music awaits discovery.

41. Why did the author write the passage? 46. Which of the following is NOT true about humpback
(A) To describe the music for some animals, whale music?
including humans (A) It uses similar patterns to human songs
(B) To illustrate the importance of music to whales (B) It’s comparative in length to symphony
(C) To show that music is not a human or even movements
modern invention (C) It’s easy to learn by other whales
(D) To suggest that music is independent of life (D) It’s in a form of creating a theme, elaborating
forms that use it and revisiting in rhyming refrains

42. The word “sophisticated” in line 5 is closest in meaning to 47. The word “refrains” in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) complex (B) intricate (C) well-developed (A) tunes (B) notes (C) musical phrases
(D) entangled (D) sounds

43. The word “one” in line 7 can be replaced by 48. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(A) the chord (B) the left brain (C) the right brain(D) the (A) The earliest human beings came from France
limbic system and Slovenia
(B) Music helped to shape the whale brain
44. According to the passage, which of the following is true of (C) Humpback whales imitate the way human
humpback whales composers so in creating their own music
(A) their tunes are distinctively different from (D) The research of musical brain will lead to a
human tunes discovery of a universal music
(B) they can sing over a range of seven octaves
(C) they do not use rhyme, unlike humans 49. Where in the passage does the author first mention
(D) whale songs of a particular group cannot be whales?
learned by other whale (A) Lines 5-9 (B) Lines 10-14
(C) Lines 15-19 (D) Lines 20-24
45. The word “they” in line 18 refers to
(A) human composers (B) whole songs 50. The word ‘their’ in line 25 refers to
(C) octaves (D) whales (A) Indian Ocean humpbacks (B) Pacific Ocean
humpbacks
(C) all whales (D) whale songs
 The classic Neanderthals, who lived between about 70,000 and 30,000 years ago, shared a number of special
characteristics. Like any biological population, Neanderthals also showed variation in the degree to which those
characteristics were expressed. Generally, they were powerfully built, short and stocky, with the lower parts of their
arms and legs short in relation to the upper parts, as in modern peoples who live in cold environments. Neanderthal
skulls were distinctive, housing brains even larger on average than those of modem humans, a feature that may have
had more to do with their large, heavy bodies than with superior intelligence. Seen from behind, Neanderthal skulls
look almost spherical, but from the side they are long and flattened often with a bulging back.
The Neanderthal face, dominated by a projecting and full nose, differed clearly from the faces of other hominids;
the middle parts appear to be pulled forward (or the sides pulled back), resulting in a rather streamlined face shape.
This peculiarity may have been related to the greater importance (in cultural activities as well as food processing) of
the front teeth, which are large and part of a row of teeth that lies well forward in the head; it may reflect a reduction
in importance of certain jaw muscles operating at the sides of the face; or it may reflect an adaptation to cold.
Whether it results from any or all of these three factors or from other, undiscovered causes, this midfacial projection
is so characteristic that it unfailingly identifies a Neanderthal to the trained eye. Neanderthal teeth are much more
difficult to characterize: the front teeth are large, with strong roots, but the back teeth may be relatively small. This
feature may have been an adaptation to cope with heavy tooth wear

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The eating habits of the Neanderthals
(B) A comparison of various prehistoric populations
(C) The physical characteristics of the Neanderthals
(D) The effect of climate on human development

2. The author describes the Neanderthal as being all of the following EXCEPT
(A) short (B) swift (C) strong (D) stocky

3. Which of the following most likely accounts for the fact that the Neanderthal brain was larger than that of the modern human?
(A) The relatively large size of the Neanderthal's body
(B) The superior intelligence of the Neanderthal.
(C) The swelling behind the Neanderthal’s head
(D) The Neanderthal's midfacial projection

4. Where in the passage does the author specifically stress the contrast between the Neanderthal face and that of other biologically
related populations?
(A) Lines 1–4 (B) Lines 7–9 (C) Lines 10–11 (D) Lines 18–20

5. Which of the following explanations is NOT cited as a possible explanation of the Neanderthal’s streamlined face shape?
(A) Some jaw muscles had limited use.
(B) The facial features were well adapted to the cold.
(C) The front teeth were particularly important.
(D) The nose was set far back

6. The phrase "the trained eye" in line 18 most likely refers to which of the following professionals?
(A) An optometrist (B) A dentist (C) An anthropologist (D) A photographer

7. In line 20, the author uses the expression "heavy tooth wear" to imply that the Neanderthals
(A) had unusually heavy teeth (B) used their teeth extensively
(C) regularly pulled out their teeth (D) used teeth for ornamentation

8. The paragraph following this passage most probably discusses

(A) other features of the Neanderthal anatomy (B) cave painting of prehistoric time
(C) flora and fauna of 70,000 years ago (D) difficulties in preserving fossils
 Steamships were first introduced into the United States in 1807, and John Molson built the first steamship in
Canada(then called British North America) in 1809. By the 1830's dozens of steam vessels were in use in Canada. They offered
the traveler reliable transportation in comfortable facilities-a welcome alternative to stagecoach travel, which at the best of
times could only be described as wretched. This commitment to dependable river transport became entrenched with the
investment of millions of dollars for the improvement of waterways. which included the construction of canals and lock
systems. The Lachine and Welland canals.two of the most important systems. were opened in 1825 and 1829, respectively. By
the time that Upper and Lower Canada were united into the Province of Canada in 1841. the public debt for canals was more
than one hundred dollars per capita. an enormous sum for the time. But it may not seem such a great amount if we consider
that improvements allowed steamboats to remain practical for most commercial transport in Canada until the mid--
nineteenth century.

1. What is the main purpose of the passage? (C) It was not popular. (D) It was very
(A) To contrast travel by steamship and stagecoach practical.
(B) To criticize the level of public debt in nineteenth -
century Canada - 4. According to the passage, when was the Welland Canal
(C) To describe the introduction of steamships in Canada opened?
(D) To show how Canada surpassed the United States in (A) 1807 (B) 1809 (C) 1825 (D) 1829
transportation improvements
5. The word "sum" in line 10 is closest in meaning to which of
2. The word "reliable" in line 3 is closest in meaning to which the following?
of the following (A) Size (B) Cost (C) Payment (D) Amount
(A) Quick (B) Safe (C) Dependable (D) Luxurious
6. According to the passage, steamships became practical
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage means of transportation in Canada because of
about stagecoach travel in Canada in the 1831's? (A) improvements in the waterways (B) large
(A) It was reasonably comfortable. (B) It was subsidies from John Molson
extremely efficient. (C) a relatively small population (D) the lack of
alternate means

Though they were not trained naturalists, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in their explorations of North America
in the early nineteenth century came across enough unfamiliar birds, mammals, and reptiles to fill a zoo. In keeping
with President Jefferson's orders they took careful note of 122 species and subspecies that were unknown to science
and in many cases native only to the West. Clark made sketches of any particularly intriguing creature. He and Lewis
also collected animal hides and horns and bird skins with such care that a few of them were still intact nearly two
centuries later. While Lewis and Clark failed to meet the mythological monsters reputed to dwelt in the West, they did
unearth the bones of a 45 - foot dinosaur. Furthermore, some of the living beasts they did come upon, such as the
woolly mountain goat and the grizzly bear, were every bit as odd or as fearsome as any myth. In their collector's
enthusiasm, they even floated a prairie dog out of its burrow by pouring in five barrelfuls of water, then shipped the
frisky animal to Jefferson alive and yelping.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (D) record newly discovered species of animals
(A) President Jefferson's pets
(B) Collector's techniques for capturing wildlife 4. In line 8, what does the word "they" refer to?
(C) Discovery of animal species by Lewis and Clark (A) Lewis and Clark
(D) Jobs for trained naturalists (B) Dinosaur bones
(C) Mythological monsters
2. "In keeping with" in line 3 could best be replaced by which (D) Western dwellers
of the following?
(A) Following (B) Managing 5. The author compares which of the following animals to
(C) Retaining (D) Delaying mythological monsters?
(A) The grizzly bear
3. It can be inferred from the passage that President Jefferson (B) The prairie dog
ordered Lewis and Clark to (C) A tropical bird
(A) bring back animals for a zoo (D) A poisonous reptile
(B) train to be naturalists
(C) compile sketches for a book
6. According to the passage, Lewis and Clark poured water 7. The word “intriguing” closet meaning to: interesting ,
into a prairie dog's burrow because they wanted to fascinating
(A) bathe the animal 8. The word “frisky” closet meaning to: lively
(B) capture the animal 9. The word “fearsome” closet meaning to: frightening
(C) give the animal water 10. What can be inferred about the mythologist mosnters?
(D) teach the animal to float they get extinct

Jazz has been called “the art of expression set to music”, and “America’s great contribution
to music”. It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of fairly widespread public
response, in the “jazz age” of the 1920s, in the “swing era” of the late 1930s and in the peak
popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated
around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago.
It welded together the elements of Ragtime,
marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early
sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy
Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first
real Jazz musician, around 1891.
What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of
improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire
piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was
written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of
skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Actually, many of the early Jazz
musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn’t even read music at all. Generally
speaking, these early musicians couldn’t make very much money and were stuck working
menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such
memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small
bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater
success. This music is known as “hot Jazz” due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic
drive.
A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in
New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians
of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other
talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music.

1. The Passage answers which of the following questions? (c) basic (d) essential
(a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues
lose popularity after 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
about 1900? (a) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight
(b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it differ from (b) there is no slow music in Jazz
other forms of music? (c) many early Jazz musicians had little formal musical
(c) What has been the greatest contribution of cornet players training
to music in the (d) the cornet is the most common musical instrument used
twentieth century? in Jazz
(d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced the
development of Blues music? 7. The word “menial” in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(a) mens (b) attractive
2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in (c) degrading (d) skilled
(a) Chicago (b) St. Louis
(c) along the Mississippi river (d) New Orleans 8. According to the passage, which of the following belonged
to the second wave of New
3. The word “welded” in line 6 is closest in meaning to Orleans Jazz musicians?
(a) squeezed (b) bound (a) Louis Armstrong (b) Buddy Bolden
(c) added (d) stirred (c) St. Louis (d) Joe Oliver

4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a new form of 9. All of the following are true EXCEPT
musical expression? (a) the late 1930s was called the “swing era”
(a) the use of cornets (b) “hot Jazz” (b) “hot Jazz” is rhythmic
(c) improvisation (d) New Orleans (c) Jazz has been said to be America’s greatest contribution
to music
5. The word “skeletal” in line 15 is closest in meaning to (d) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the first real Jazz
(a) framework (b) musical musician
10. The word “its” in line 21 refers to 11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
(a) small bands (b) earlier music (a) “improvisation” (line 12) (b) “traditional” (line 12)
(c) men (d) earlier musicians (c) “composer” (line 12 (d) “score” (line 14)

The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create
everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The
most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a
massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the
size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and
cooled in orbit around the Earth.
The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon’s gravitational influence
upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the
effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a
revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotat ion
is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side
than the other) and has allowed the Earth’s gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently
facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km.
Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect
it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both
large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects
of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform
the Earth’s surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features
such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years,
unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about onesixth that of the Earth’s. Therefore, a
man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh
14 kilograms on the Moon.
The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the
Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is
very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact the temperature on the Moon ranges
between 123 degrees C. to –233 degrees C.

12. What is the passage primarily about? 17. Why does the author mention “impact craters” in line
(a) the Moon’s effect upon the Earth 16?
(b) the origin of the Moon (a) to show the result of the Moon not having an
(c) what we know about the Moon and its differences to atmosphere
Earth (b) to show the result of the Moon not having active tectonic
(d) a comparison of the Moon and the Earth or volcanic activity
(c) to explain why the Moon has no plant life because of
13. The word “massive” in line 4 is closest in meaning to meteorites
(a) unavoidable (a) dense (d) to explain the corrosive effects of atmospheric
(b) huge (c) impressive weathering

14. The word “debris” in line 5 is closest in meaning to 18. The word “erase” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(a) rubbish (b) satellites (a) change
(c) moons (d) earth (b) impact
(c) obliterate
15. According to the passage, the Moon is (d) erupt
(a) older than the Earth
(b) protected by a dense atmosphere 19. A person on the Moon would weigh less than on the
(c) composed of a few active volcanoes Earth because
(d) the primary cause of Earth’s ocean tides (a) of the composition of lunar soil
(b) the surface gravity of the Moon is less
16. The word “uneven “ in line 11 is closest in meaning to (c) the Moon has no atmosphere
(a) Heavier (d) the Moon has no active tectonic or volcanic activity
(b) Equally distributed
(c) Orderly
(d) Not uniform 20. All of the following are true about the Moon EXCEPT
(a) it has a wide range of temperatures
(b) it is heavier on one side than the other
(c) it is unable to protect itself from meteorite attacks (b) if the Moon had no gravitational influence, the Earth
(d) it has less effect upon the tides than the Sun would not have tides
(c) people living in Hawaii and Arizona would feel at home on
21. Which of the following can be inferred from the the Moon
passage? (d) Mars could have been formed in a similar way to the
(a) the Moon is not able to support human life Moon

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before
settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form
the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790,
and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more
than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about
60,000 “free Negroes”. Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in
the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million.
By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years,
the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late
1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there
were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new
immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe.
An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel
Zangwill first used the term “melting pot” to describe the concept of a
place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years
during the first two decades of the 20 th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing
1 percent of the total population of the United States.
In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924
virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as
many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number
of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern
and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until
1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow
in groups of refugees.

22. Why did the author write the passage? 27. The number of immigrants taken in over the 100 years to
(a) to outline the ways immigration has been restricted 1915 was
(b) to emphasize the impact of migrants from Europe (a) probably about 1 million
(c) to explain and give examples of the concept of a “melting (b) about 35 million
pot” (c) 8.4 million
(d) to summarize the main features of immigration (d) about 4 million

23. According to the passage, which ancestry predominated 28. The word “concept” in line 16 is closest in meaning to
at the time of the first census? (a) location
(a) Native Americans (b) Negroes (b) type
(c) English (d) Hispanic (c) complexity
(d) thought
24. The word “ancestry” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(a) origins (b) inheritance 29. The word “virtually” in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(c) color (d) freedom (a) effectively
(b) occasionally
25. The word “their” in line 5 refers to which of the following (c) thoroughly
(a) immigrants (d) undeservedly
(b) people of Hispanic origin
(c) white citizens 30. Which of the following is NOT true about immigrants
(d) Native Americans (a) they were subjected to an official quota in the
Immigration Act from 1924
26. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? (b) during the 1900s immigrants numbered 1 percent of the
(a) a quota system was in place from 1908 total population
(b) a peak period of immigration was in the late 1800s and (c) settlers of Hispanic origin arrived centuries before those
early 1900s from Europe
(c) slaves were not counted in the first census (d) numbers began to be limited from 1921
(d) only those who paid taxes were included in the first
census 31. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
(a) preserving a developing “American” culture was a major
factor leading to the
introduction of the quota system
(b) racial and ethnic assimilation did not occur as planned
(c) racial and ethnic tensions would have increased if the
quota system had not been
introduced
(d) the quota system was introduced to limit population
growt