m Growing shortfall of nurses since 2004 caused

by a convergence of many pressures (financial

constraints, a dissipating workforce, and an
increasingly complicated and stressful work
environment)
m Aging RN factor³retirement of the ´baby
boomersµ (those born between 1946 and 1964)
m The average age of RN population is 45.2 years
(in 1983 it was 37.7)
m Only 9% of RNs are under the age of 30
m Only 18.3% of RNs are under the age of 35
m Only 37.7% of RNs are under the age of 40
m The US will be needing a million new and
replacement nurses by 2010
m It is estimated that the US will lack 29% or
more than 434,000 nurses by 2020
m Fewer college students are choosing
Nursing as a profession. There has been
a decline of 26% from 1995 to 2000
m There are not enough nurses in the
educational pipeline to replace the ones
leaving the workforce
m Nursing Practice in the Philippines is governed
by RA 9173
m The Nursing Law of 2002 envisioned to provide
for a relevant nursing education, humane
working conditions, better career prospects,
and a dignified existence for nurses
m Geographical data shows that most nurses are
relocated in the urban areas. NCR has the
highest number of nurses comprising about
33.4% from 2001 to 2003
m Urban areas have a good number of tertiary
hospitals which are used as springboards for
future migration to other countries
m Favorite countries of destinations of Filipino nurses are
Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates,
Singapore, Kuwait, the United States, Ireland, Libya, and
Qatar.
m Filipino nurse migrants are perceived to be
predominantly female
m Filipino nurses· reason for leaving:
è Economic
è Job-related
è Socio-political and economic environment
m Reasons for returning:
è Personal
è Professional
è Social
m 'r. Marilyn Lorenzo suggested the
following policy option:
1. 'ecrease supply of nurses
Strict implementation of opening and closing of
nursing schools
Increase public awareness of nursing oversupply
problems
Create/identify a body that will undertake health
human resource planning and development for
nurses
'evelop nurses· awareness of their rights for better
compensation and working conditions
Establish a nursing information system that
determines current supply
2. Increase demand for nurses
Identify and fulfill local demand first
Encourage and facilitate independent nursing
practice
Establish a nursing information system
Improve salary and working conditions of nurses in
private institution
Strengthen networking with government agencies
and NGOs in generating employment
'evelop required nursing pools
Strengthen nursing curriculum to encourage role
expansions and entrepreneurship
3. Improve existing policies
Clarifying and delineating functions of
regulating bodies such as CHE' and BON
Reviewing and implementing existing policies
'ecentralizing CHE'·s functions
Coordinating with other agencies to promote
international employment
Reviewing the Labor Code on hiring of nurses
Reviewing powers of BON vis-à-vis PRC
m Nurses in the 21st century will need to be knowledgeable in the
uses of computer technology. Nursing education may involve
more distance learning, and make it easier for nurses to continue
their professional education. Computer technology will allow
nursing students to simulate clinical conditions electronically to
help them learn.

m Because of globalization, nursing education will have to address

the issue of the spread of disease across national boundaries,
and deal with emerging disease threats around the world.

m Nursing education will have to address the changing economic

situation in health care. Nurses will need to have an
understanding of how to care for patients in ways that improve
quality, deal with the complexity of care, and do so in a cost
effective way
m There is also a trend in nursing education to incorporate
more nursing science and research, which are playing
much greater roles in nursing practice. Nursing research is
providing a scientific model for health care. This research
deals with how patient behavior affects health, how to
manage symptoms of illness, helping patients and their
families cope with the illness and its treatment

m Another trend affecting nursing education is the increasing

complexity of patient care. Patients in hospitals are more
acutely ill³there are almost as many beds in critical care
and other specialty areas now as there are in general use
beds. Because life expectancy is now longer, there is an
increase in the number, severity, and length of chronic
conditions, which ads to the complexity of care needed.
 RN LPN CAREGIVER INSTITUTIONAL
HEALTH CARE
WORKER
Length of Training 4 yrs 2 yrs 786 hours 960 hours

Entry Requirements * righ School * righ School * can * 16 years old and
Graduate diploma communicate above
* The college or * Other both in oral * Must pass the
university may requirements set and written trainability /
stipulate forth by the form; aptitude test
admission tests school * physically and * Can
mentally fit; communicate
effectively both
* with good
orally and in
moral
written form
character; and
* Physically,
* can perform emotionally and
basic mentally fit
mathematical * Can perform
computation. basic
mathematical
computation
 RN LPN CAREGIVER INSTITUTIONAL
HEALTH CARE
WORKER
Licensing Exam NLE Competency Competency Competency
Needed assessment by assessment by assessment by
accredited Competency accredited Competency accredited Competency
Assessors Assessors Assessors
Typical Skill Level * 'irect patient care * 'irect patient care * Provide care and * Prepare and
* Passing * Passing oral support to children maintain beds
medications medications * Foster physical, * Collect and
* Completing * Completing social, intellectual, maintain linen
treatments treatments creative and stocks at end-user
* More advanced emotional location
skills such as IV development of * Assist with patient
skills, IV medications children mobility
* Clean living room, * Assist in
dining room, transporting
bedrooms, toilet patient
and bathroom * Assist with bio-
* Wash and iron psychosocial care
clothes, linen and of patient
fabric * randle waste in a
* Prepare hot and health care
cold meals environment
 RN LPN CAREGIVER INSTITUTIONAL
HEALTH CARE
WORKER
Typical Places of * rospitals * Nursing romes * rospitals * rospitals
Employment * rome realth Care * 'octor͛s Offices * Nursing romes * Nursing romes
* Nursing romes * Clinics * rome realth Care * rome realth Care
* Clinics
* Insurance
Companies
Potential for May work in many Will probably work in a Will probably work in a Will probably work in a
Advancement settings͙ a nursing home with nursing home or home nursing home with
charge nurse in a elderly health care with elderly
nursing home or clients. May be a elderly clients.
hospital; the 'irector charge clients.
of a nursing nurse in a long term
home; a nurse care
manager. May need environment.
further education such
as a
bachelor͛s degree for
higher level
nursing careers.
m Ä

  
  

 

  
   


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m The graduate from a Master·s degree program is
prepared to perform the following:
è þ   



  
 



 
   


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m Movement from one degree in nursing into another
degree

m It facilitates multiple points of entering the profession of

nursing as well as career advancement through
additional education without a loss of credits from
previous education.

m One major advantage of educational mobility is that

there are a number of options for nursing education. The
options fit student educational interests and abilities,
career plans, and financial and work commitments.

m Another advantage of a mobile nursing education

system is that students can graduate with another
degree and be employed while earning another degree.
A. CURRICULUM 'ESIGN
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B. COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS
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1. Changing demographics and increasing
diversity

2. The technological explosion

3. Globalization of the world·s economy and

society

4. The era of the educated consumer, alternative

therapies and genomics, palliative care

5. Shift to population-based care and the

increasing complexity of patient care
6. The cost of health care and the challenge of managed
care

7. Impact of health policy and regulation

8. Growing need for interdisciplinary education and

collaborative practice

9. The current nursing shortage/opportunities for lifelong

learning and w Significant advances in nursing science
and research workforce development

10. Significant advances in nursing science and research

m There is a worldwide demand for higher education due to the
increasing labor market needs for highly skilled workers such as
nurses.

m The most rapidly growing areas for transnational education are

information technology, management and business administration,
engineering, international law, medicine, and the nursing
specialties.

m Exported educational services are delivered in various ways: (a) as

students travel abroad to receive their education; (b) as education
is given to them through distance learning; and (c) as educational
institutions from one country provide onsite classes in another
country, often through establishing branch campuses and/or
franchises.

m In the 1950s, the Philippines began to prepare nurses for export,

mainly to the US (Brush & Solchalski, 2007). Educated in English with
American-based curricula, Filipino nurses have migrated to the
Middle East and throughout the developed world.
m The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA) has reported
that nearly 88,000 nurses left the Philippines between 1992 and 2003

m The number of Nursing schools in the Philippines has increased from 170 in
1999 to 470 by 2005 (Alvez Tan, 2006)

m A critical issue in transnational nursing education is the absence of a body

that has international authority to monitor educational standards worldwide,
even though some attempts have been made to establish international
standards that reconcile standards with cultural diversity.
m There is also a lack of internationally sanctioned mechanisms for making
comparisons among programs of different countries.

m One project which focuses on the quality of nursing education is the recently
formed Joint Task Force on Creating a Global Nursing Education Community.
This initiative is designed to share information and promote quality standards.
The goal is to initiate the development of global standards for basic nursing
and midwifery education and to address patient safety and quality care
issues that result from the large-scale migration of health care providers.
Major themes include the development of global standards for program
admission criteria, program development requirements, program content
components, faculty qualifications, and program graduate characteristics