64 : : Learner Guide

22
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
l Trigonometry : Trigonometry is that branch of sin θ × cosec θ =1
mathematics which deals with the measurement
1
of the sides and the angles of a triangle and the ⇒ cos θ = sec θ or sec θ
problems related to angles.
1
y = cos θ or cos θ × sec θ = 1
P
1
r ⇒ tan θ = cot θ or
y
θ 1
A x M x cot θ = tan θ or tan θ × cot θ = 1
l Trigonometric Ratios : Ratios of the sides of sin θ cos θ
a triangle with respect to its acute angles are ⇒ tan θ = cos θ , cot θ = sin θ
called trigonometric ratios. l Trigonometric Identities : An equation
In the right angled ∆ AMP
For acute angle PAM = θ involving trigonometric ratios of an angle θ is
Base = AM = x, Perpendicular = PM = y, said to be a trigonometric identity if it is satisfied
Hypotenuse = AP = r for all values of θ for which the given
y trigonometric ratios are defined.
Here, sine θ = , Written as sin θ Some special trigonometric Identities
r
x ⇒ sin 2 θ + cos 2 θ = 1 or 1 – cos2 θ = sin2 θ or
cosine θ = , Written as cos θ
r 1– sin2 θ = cos2 θ .
⇒ 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ or sec2 θ – tan2 θ = 1
tangent θ = y x , Written as tan θ
or sec2 θ –1 = tan2 θ
cosecent θ = r y , Written as cosec θ ⇒ 1 + cot2 θ = cosec2 θ or cosec2 θ – cot2 θ
= 1 or cosec2 θ – 1 = cot2 θ .
secent θ = r x , Written as sec θ l Trigonometric ratios of complementary
angles: If θ is an acute angle then
cotangent θ = x y , Written as cot θ sin (90º – θ) = cos θ and cos(90º – θ) = sin θ
tan (90º – θ)= cot θ and cot (90º – θ) = tan θ
⇒ sin θ , cos θ , tan θ etc. are complete cosec (90º – θ) = sec θ and sec(90º – θ) =
symbols and can not be separated from θ . cosec θ
⇒ Every trigonometric ratio is a real number. Here θ is an acute angle and (90º – θ) is a
⇒ θ is restricted to be an acute angle. complementary angle for θ .
⇒ For convenience, we write (sin θ )2, l Finding of trigonometric ratios : ⇒ If two
(cos θ )2, (tan θ )2 as sin2 θ , cos2 θ and tan2 θ sides of any right triangle are given, then all the
respectively. six trigonometric ratios can be written.
l Relation between Trigonometric ratios : ⇒ If one trigonometric ratio is given, then other
1 1 trigonometic ratios can be written by using
⇒ sin θ = cos ecθ or cosec θ = sin θ or pythagoras theorem or trigonometic identities.
 Learner Guide : : 65

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS:

10cm

Q 24cm R

17 17
(A) sin θ + cos θ = (B) sin θ − cos θ =
13 13
17 17
(C) sin θ + sec θ = (D) tan θ + sec θ =
13 13
5 sin θ − 4 cos θ
2. If 5 tan θ - 4 = 0, the value of is :
5 sin θ + 4 cos θ
5 5 1
(A) (B) (C) 0 (D)
3 6 6
 sin θ . cos(900 − θ) 
3. The value of  0
+ 1 is equal to :
 sin(90 − θ).cos θ 
2
(A) sin θ + cos θ (B) cos θ (C)sec2 θ (D) cosec2 θ
sec 410 cos ec 490 −tan 410 cot 490
4. The value of is :
sec 410.sin 490 + cos 49º .cos ec410
1
(A)1 (B) 0 (C) (D) 0
2
5. If sin ( θ + 360) = cos θ and θ +360 is an acute angle, then θ is equal to :
(A)540 (B) 180 (C) 210 (D) 270
12 sin θ.cos θ
6. If cot θ =
5 , find the value of sec θ .
sin A 1 + cos A
7. Prove that 1 cos A + sin A = 2 cos ecA .
+

8. If cos θ = 1 and Sin θ = 3 , find the value of sec θ , cosec θ and tan θ .
2 2
66 : : Learner Guide

STRETCH YOURSELF
720
4. C 5. D 6. 2197
1. For a right angled ∆ ABC, right angled at
C, tanA=1, find the value of sin2B.cos2B. 2
8. sec θ = 2, cosec θ = , tan θ = 3
2. Find the value of 3
tan10. tan20.tan30.........tan890.
STRETCH YOURSELF :
ANSWERS
1. 1 2. 1
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS : 4
1. A 2. C 3. C