Content Review I

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Content

Summary 1
EUC2000 – 2024-1
Federico Frindt - fgfrindt@uc.cl
What are the course contents so far?
Is there a particularly difficult content for me?

Is there a particularly easy content for me?


Table of contents
01 Present Simple 04 Comparatives
Habits Short adjectives vs. long adj.
Frequency adverbs Irregular adjectives and exceptions.

02 Present Continuous 05 Superlatives


Time expressions -est for short adj.
Present simple vs. Present continuous Most/least for long adj.

03 Past Simple 06 Present Perfect


Regular and irregular verbs.
Past forms of v. Regular and irregular verbs.
Participle forms of v. (Last form!)
Yay !
You have studied ALL the
verb forms in English.
Congratulations! :D
Infinitive Base form Present 3rd Gerund (-ing Past form Participle
person form) form
(He/She/It)
To have Have Has Having Had Had

To live Live Lives Living Lived Lived

To study

To go

Exception: Be Is (he/she/it) Being Was Been


To be *Am (I) (I/she/he/it)
A bit more *Are Were
complicated (You/we/they) (You/we/they)

How many forms do verbs have


in Spanish?
El verbo ser en español
Soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son, erís,
sos, soi, seré, serás, será, seremos,
seréis, serán, serai, era, eras, éramos,
erais, eran, érai, sería, serías, seríamos,
seríais, serían, seríai, fui, fuiste, fue,
fuimos, fuisteis, fueron, fuera, fueras,
fuéramos, fuerais, fueran, fuerai, fuese,
fuésemos, fueseis, fuesen, fuere,
fueres, fuéremos, fuereis, fueren, seré, Suffers in Spanish
serás, seremos, seréis, serán, sea,
seas, seamos, seáis, sean, sé, sed,
sido, siendo.
01
Present Simple
We use present simple to I am Chilean.
talk about people’s habits, My mother starts work at 9 o’clock.
general facts that are 5.6 million people live in Santiago.
currently true, and events My birthday is on August 19th.
that ocurr periodically. We play basketball on Fridays.
Grammatical Structure Main verb: All other verbs
Main verb: To be Affirmations
Affirmations I play soccer.
I am a student. You/We/They play soccer.
You/We/They are students. She/He/It plays soccer.
She/He/It is a student. Negations
Negations I/You/We/They don’t (do not) play
I am not a student. soccer.
You/We/They aren’t (are not) She/He/It doesn’t (does not) play
students. soccer.
She/He/It isn’t (is not) a student. Questions
Questions Do I/you/we/they play soccer?
Am I a student? Does she/he/it play soccer?
Are you/we/they students?
Is she/he/it a student?
Frequency Adverbs To be: She is never happy.
We use frequency adverbs to provide context Other verbs: We usually listen to rock music.
about how often an action happens. They are Auxiliary + verb: I don’t often read books.
very useful for talking about habits.
● Specific and/or phrasal frequency adv.
● Unspecific frequency adv.
Every day/week/month… (All of them)
More frequent Once a week (1 time)
Always
Usually Twice a month (2 times)
Often Three times a year (3 times)
Sometimes
Rarely Four times a day (etc.)
Never
Less frequent Once a month, I have an English test.
We have English classes twice a week.
Exercises
Find the mistake in each sentence and In one sentence, and using frequency
correct it. adverbs…

1.- My best friend never cry. 1. Describe one of your routines.

2.- I study English one time a week. 2. Describe one of your best friend’s
habits.
3.- My parents always are tired.
3. Describe an activity that you and
4.- I haven’t a car. your best friend usually do
together.
5.- Marta doesn’t be an artist.

6.- I listen always to music on the bus.


02
Present
Continuous
We use present continuous
I am going home right now.
to talk about actions
She is currently living in Canada.
happening at the moment of
They are staying in Luna hotel.
speaking.
Grammatical Structure Common time expressions used in present
Auxiliary verb: To be (in present tense)
continuous:
Main verb: -ing form
Affirmations
● Currently
I am studying nursing. ● Right now
You/We/They are having a test. ● Now
She/He/It is playing the piano. ● At the/this moment
Negations
I am not studying medicine. I am not watching TV right now.
Currently, I’m studying psychology.
You/We/They aren’t (are not) having
lunch at the moment.
She/He/It isn’t (is not) living in Peru.
Questions
Am I speaking too fast?
Are you/we/they studying right now?
Is she/he/it working now?
Exercises
Choose the alternative that is better Answer the following questions:
according to the context.
Tip: Keep an eye on time expressions 1. What are you studying now?
and frequency adverbs.
2. What are you doing at this
‘I love/am loving sports. I go/am going moment?
to the gym every day. Once a week, my
best friend Ana goes/is going to the
gym with me. Right now, I go/am
going there with her by bus. She is
usually/is usually being in a good
health, but she doesn’t feel/isn’t
feeling well at the moment.
03
Past Simple
We use past simple to talk I lived in Mexico in 2015.
about actions that started Carlos went to Easter Island last summer.
and finished in the past. Yesterday, I booked a hotel reservation.
Grammatical Structure
Main verb: To be Main verb: All other verbs

Affirmations Affirmations
You/We/They were happy. I/You/We/They/He/She/It
I/She/He/It was in Brazil last year. played soccer last weekend.
Negations Negations
You/We/They weren’t (were not) I/You/We/They/He/She/It
happy. didn’t (did not) play soccer.
I/She/He/It wasn’t (was not) in Questions
Brazil last year. Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it play
Questions soccer yesterday?
Were you/we/they students?
Was I/she/he/it in Brazil last year?
Regular Verbs Irregular Verbs
In English, past and participle forms of Many verbs in English are regular.
regular verbs are generally created by However, many of the most used ones
adding –ed at the end of the base form: are irregular. Unfortunately, past and
participle forms of irregular verbs do
Talk -> Talked not follow a particular rule. For this
Need -> Needed reason, it is important to memorize
Play -> Played them.
Cry -> Cried
Live -> Lived See (base form)
Beg -> Begged -> Saw (past form)
-> Seen (participle form)
Activity
The ten most used verbs in the English
language are be, have, do, say, make,
go, take, come, see, and get.

Are these verbs regular or irregular?

What is their past form?

Choose three verbs and write three


sentences using their past form.
04
Comparatives
We use comparative My room is bigger than my parents’ room.
adjectives to compare two or I am taller than my mother.
more objects according to a Carlos is friendlier than Pedro.
specific characteristic. The red car is more expensive than the blue one.
This book is less interesting than that one.
Short adj. Long adj.
Short adjectives are the ones that… Long adjectives, basically, are all the
• Have only one syllable or other adjectives.
• Have two syllables AND –y ending
Expensive -> More/Less expensive
Nice -> Nicer Interesting -> More/Less interesting
Great -> Greater Comfortable -> More/Less comfortable
Small -> Smaller Handsome -> More/Less handsome
Big -> Bigger
Thin -> Thinner
Pretty -> Prettier
Friendly -> Friendlier
Funny -> Funnier
Exceptions As … as …
Irregular adjectives We can compare two or more objects
• Good -> Better that are the same in terms of a
• Bad -> Worse characteristic with ‘as + adj. + as’
• Far -> Further
This hotel is as good as the others.
Others My room is as comfortable as yours.
• Fun -> More/Less fun
• Quiet -> Quieter
05
Superlatives
We use superlative
adjectives to mention that an
element of a group has the Mount Everest is the highest mountain.
highest degree of a specific She is the smartest student in the class.
characteristic. This is the most delicious cake I've ever eaten.
Short adj. Long adj.
Short adjectives are the ones that… Long adjectives, basically, are all the
• Have only one syllable or other adjectives.
• Have two syllables AND –y ending
Expensive -> Most/Least expensive
Nice -> Nicest Interesting -> Most/Least interesting
Great -> Greatest Comfortable -> Most/Least comfortable
Small -> Smallest Handsome -> Most/Least handsome
Big -> Biggest
Thin -> Thinnest
Pretty -> Prettiest
Friendly -> Friendliest
Funny -> Funniest
Exceptions Activity
Irregular adjectives The ten most used adjectives in the English
• Good -> Best language are good, bad, new, long, great,
• Bad -> Worst old, big, small, young and important.
• Far -> Furthest
Are these adjectives long, short, or
Others exceptions?
• Fun -> Most/Least fun
• Quiet -> Quietest What are their comparative and superlative
forms?

Choose three comparatives and superlatives


and write three sentences using them.
06
Present Perfect
We use present perfect to talk about
Ana and Juan have been to Viña three times.
actions started in the past that are
My cat has eaten a lot lately.
still happening now, and particular
I have lived in Santiago for eight years.
events in the past that can happen
again in the present.
Grammatical Structure ● Ever and never
Auxiliary verb: To have (in present tense)
Main verb: Participle form We use ever to ask someone if they have done
an activity or not.
Affirmations
Have you ever ridden a motorcycle?
I/You/We/They have been to Rome.
Has María ever been to Peru?
She/He/It has been to Brazil twice.
Negations Positive answers:
I/You/We/They haven’t (have not)
eaten sushi. Yes, I have.
She/He/It hasn’t (has not) eaten Yes, she has.
sushi.
Negative answers:
Questions
Have I/you/we/they tried pizza? No, I haven’t. / No, I have never ridden one.
Has she/he/it tried pizza? No, she hasn’t. / No, she has never been there.
Activity
The ten most used verbs in the English
language are be, have, do, say, make,
go, take, come, see, and get.

What is their participle form?

Choose three verbs and write three


sentences using their participle form.
Final Activity:
Find someone who!
Thanks

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