CHEMISTRY LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

LANGUAGE CHEMISTRY
SYNOPSIS - 1
SYMBOL & FORMULAE
“A symbol represents short form of an element.The scientist who suggested
a method of representing elements using the english letters (Capitals as
well as small) is J.J. Berzelius”.
A symbol is defined as an abbreviation or short hand sign for the full
name of an element.
Significance of a symbol:
Qualitative meaning: A symbol represents a specific element.A symbol
represents one atom of an element. For example O stands for oxygen, N
stands for
nitrogen.
Quantitative meaning: A symbol represents the mass of element, equal to
its atomic mass of that element.
Quantitatively it represents,
i) One atom of an element.
ii) The number of parts by weight (Atomic weight) of an element.
iii) One gram atom of an element.
For example the symbol O represents
i) One atom of oxygen.
ii) 16 parts by weight of oxygen.
iii) One gram atom of oxygen i.e., 16 grams.
Guidelines to write the symbols
1. For some of the elements the first letter of its English name is used
as symbol to represent that element in short form. Only capital letters
are used.
2. When the names of the two elements start with the same letter, the
second letter or a prominent letter is added to the first letter. When
two letters are used the first letter is in capital and the second letter
is always a small one.
3. For some elements, the symbols are taken from their latin names.

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Tables showing the symbols of all elements

Atomic Name of the Atomic Name of the
Symbol Symbol
number element number element
1 Hydrogen H 21 Scandium Sc
2 Helium He 22 Titanium Ti
3 Lithium Li 23 Vanadium V
4 Beryllium Be 24 Chromium Cr
5 Boron B 25 Manganese Mn
6 Carbon C 26 Iron Fe
7 Nitrogen N 27 Cobalt Co
8 Oxygen O 28 Nickel Ni
9 Fluorine F 29 Copper Cu
10 Neon Ne 30 Zinc Zn
11 Sodium Na 31 Gallium Ga
12 Magnesium Mg 32 Germanium Ge
13 Aluminium Al 33 Arsenic As
14 Silicon Si 34 Selenium Se
15 Phosphorus P 35 Bromine Br
16 Sulphur S 36 Krypton Kr
17 Chlorine Cl 37 Rubidium Rb
18 Argon Ar 38 Strontium Sr
19 Potassium K 39 Yttrium Y
20 Calcium Ca 40 Zirconium Zr

FORMULA
Definition : The representation of a molecule of a substance (element or
compound) in terms of symbols and subscript numbers is known as the
formula.
Example: H2 is the formula of hydrogen.
HCl is the formula of hydrochloric acid.
SIGNIFICANCE OF A FORMULA
Like the symbols, a formula has also qualitative as well as quantitative
significance.
Qualitative significance:
Qualitatively, it represents:
The number of the substance.
The names of the various elements present in the substance.
Quantitative significance:
Quantitatively, it represents:
One molecule of the substance.
The actual number of atoms of each element present in one molecule of the
substance.
The number of parts by weight of the substance (molecular weight).
The number of parts by weight of each element.
For example : The formula of CaCO3 has two significances.
a) Qualitative significance : Qualitatively, it represents.
i) Calcium carbonate.

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ii) It contains calcium, Carbon and Oxygen as the elements.

b) Quantitative significance : Quantitatively it represents.
i) One molecule of calcium carbonate
ii) One molecule of calcium carbonate is made up of one atom of
calcium, one atom of carbon and three atoms of oxygens.
iii) One mole of calcium carbonate.
iv) 100 parts by weight of calcium carbonate (atomic weights:Ca-40,
C-12, O-16)
v) 40 parts by weight of calcium, 12 parts by weight of carbon and 48
parts by weight of oxygen.
SYMBOLS AND FORMULAE
Symbols for elements :
For some of the elements the first letter of its English name is used as
symbol to represent that element in short form. Only capital letters are
used.
Example :
S. No. Name Symbol
1. Hydrogen H
2. Carbon C
3. Nitrogen N
4. Oxygen O
5. Fluorine F
6. Sulphur S
7. Boron B
8. Phosphorus P
9. Iodine I
When the names of the two elements start with the same letter, the second
letter or a prominent letter is added to the first letter. When two letters are
used the first letter is in capital and the second letter is always a small
one.

WORK SHEET - 1

Single Answer Type

1. The scientist who suggested a method of representing elements using the
English letters (Capital as well as small) is:
1) Lavoisier 2) J. J. Berzelius
3) Robert Boyle 4) Rutherford
2. Symbol ‘S’ stands for the element:
1) Strontium 2) Silicon 3) Sulphur 4) Selenium
3. The symbols for the elements selenium and silicon respectively are:
1) Si and Se 2) S and Si 3) Se and Si 4) S and Sl
4. The symbol for Aluminium is:
1) At 2) Am 3) Al 4) As
5. The symbol for Fluorine is
1) F 2) Fe 3) Fr 4) Fr

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6. Which of the following is correct for ‘O’ element?

1) The symbol ‘O’ represents 8 parts by weight
2) It represents one atom of carbon
3) One gram atom of oxygen is 16 grams
4) The atomic number of oxygen is 16
7. Identify the name of the element from the following given symbols.
(i) Cu (ii) Au (iii) Sb (iv) Hg (v) Fe
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)
1) Ferrum Cuprum Stibium Hydrargyrum Ferrum
2) Cuprum Aurum Stibium Hydrargyrum Ferrum
3) Ferrum Cuprum Aurum Stibium Hydrargyrum
4) Aurum Ferrum Stibium Hydrargyrum Cuprum
8. The Latin names for the elements Tungsten, Potassium and Sodium are:
1) Wolfram, Kalium and Argentum 2) Kalium, Wolfram and Natrium
3) Wolfram, Stannum and Natrium 4) Wolfram, Kalium and Natrium
9. They symbol for Einsteinium is:
1) Cm 2) Es 3) Fm 4) Md
10. A formula has :
1) Qualitative significance only 2) Quantitative significance only
3) Both qualitative and quantitative significance.
4) None of these
11. What is the formula of hydrochloric acid
1) HCl 2) H2 3) Cl2 4) H2SO4
12. The symbolic representation of actual number of atoms in molecule is called
1) Valency 2) Formula 3) Both 1 & 2 4) Ion
13. The chemical formula of water is:
1) H2O2 2) H2O 3) O2 4) H2
14. Chemical formula for calcium sulphate is CaSO 4. The formula for ferric
sulphate will be:
1) Fe 2(P 2O7) 3 2) Fe 4P3O14 3) Fe 2(SO 4) 3 4) Fe3PO 4
15. The chemical formula of Epsom’s salt is:
1) MgSO4.10H2O 2) MgSO4.7H2O
3) 2CaSO4.H2O 4) Na2SO4.10H2O
16. Which of the following is not the correct formula?
1) H2S 2) NaHSO4 3) SiO2 4) NaCl2
17. Sodium phosphate has the chemical formula
1) Na2P2O7 2) Na3PO4 3) Na4P2O7 4) Na3PO3

Multi Answer Type

18. Identify the correct statements.
1) The symbol for an element represents the element either in pure state or
in combined state.
2) A symbol represents one atom of that element.
3) An atom is the smallest particle of an element.
4) None are correct.

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19. The element/s named after the scientist name(s) is/are:

1) Mendelevium 2) Fermium 3) Nobelium 4) Curium
20. The element/s named after the names of the countries and laboratories is/
are:
1) Germinium 2) Americium 3) Berkelium 4) Polonium
21. Identify the correct statement/s:
1) The representation of a molecule of a substance (element or compound) in
terms of symbols and subscript numbers is known as the formula.
2) Atoms of different elements combine in certain fixed ratio to form a
compound.
3) All chemical compounds are represented by their respective formulae.
4) None of the above.
22. Which of the following formula is having 2 atoms?
1) HCl 2) HgCl2 3) CaO 4) CaCO3

Reasoning Answer Type

23. Statement I : Symbol of cobalt is Co but not CO, CO represents a molecule of
carbon monoxide.
Statement II : The first letter of the symbol is always capital while the second
one is always small for certain elements symbols.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
24. Statement I : For some elements, the first letter of its English name is used
as symbol to represent that element in short form in capital letter as symbol.
Statement II : When two letters are used, the first letter is in capital form and
the second letter is always a small one.
1) Both statement I and II are correct 2) Both statement I and II are incorrect
3) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect
4) Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct
25. Statement I: The symbol for potassium is K
Statement II: The symbol for yttrium is Y
1) Both statement I and II are correct 2) Both statement I and II are incorrect
3) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect
4) Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct
26. Statement I : The latin name of Antimony is Stibium.
Statement II : The latin name of Tin is Plumbum.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement
I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of Statement
I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.

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27. Statement I : A formula has qualitative as well as quantitative significance.

Statement II : Quantitatively it represents the actual number of atoms of each
element present in one molecule of the substance.
1. Both Statements I and II are correct
2. Both Statement I and II are incorrect
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
28. Statement I : The formula of calcium carbonate is CuCO3.
Statement II : The formula of Sodium chloride is NaCl.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.

Comprehension Type
Writeup-1
The symbols of some elements are derived from their Latin names.
29. The element/s named after the names of the countries and laboratories is/
are:
1) Ruthenium 2) Americium 3) Berkelium 4) All the above
30. The elements named after the names of the planets are:
1) Uranium 2) Neptunium 3) Plutonium 4) All the above
31. The element Nobelium named after the name of the scientist is:
1) Madam Curie 2) Mendeleev 3) Alfred Nobel 4) Enrico Fermi
Writeup-2
32. The formula of washing soda is:
1) Na2CO3.7H2O 2) Na2CO 3.H2O 3) Na2CO3.10H2O 4) Na2CO3
33. Molecular formula of Glauber’s salt is:
1) MgSO4.7H2O 2) FeSO4.7H2O 3) CuSO4.5H2O 4) Na2SO4.10H2O
34. The formula of Baking powder is:
1) NaHCO3 2) Na2CO3 3) KHCO3 4) K2CO3
Writeup-3
35. A student has written the folowing symbols
Symbol - 1 : MN
Symbol - 2 : Ca
Symbol - 3 : PB
Symbol - 4 : Cr
Symbol - 5 : AL
Identify the correct option/s
1) Symbol - 1 is correct 2) Symbol - 2 and 3 are incorrect
3) Symbol - 2 and 4 are correct 4) Symbol - 5 is correct

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36. Identify the symbols for the following element.

i) Sodium ii) Cadmium iii) Calcium
(i) (ii) (iii)
1) Ca Na Cd
2) Ca Cd Na
3) Al Mg Si
4) Na Cd Ca
37. Give the symbols for the following elements
A) Boron B) Silicon C) Aluminium D) Scandium
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1) Si Sc B Al
2) Si B Al Sc
3) B Si Sc Al
4) B Si Al Sc

Matrix Matching Type

38. Column - I Column - II
a) Selenium 1) V
b) Zinc 2) Al
c) Aluminium 3) Se
d) Vanadium 4) Zn
5) P
39. Column-I Column-II
a) Califormium 1) Bk
b) Neptunium 2) Cm
c) Berkelium 3) Np
d) Curium 4) Cf
5) Pu
40. Column-I Column-II
a) Hg2Cl2 1) Manganous sulphate
b) Ca(OH)2 2) Sodium dichromate
c) MnSO4 3) Calcium hydroxide
d) Na2Cr2O7 4) Mercurous chloride
5) Nickel bisulphate

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SYNOPSIS - 2
Valency
“The combining capacity of an element is called its valency”
Significance of valency
1. It is given by the number of hydrogen (or chlorine) atoms that combine with
or displaced from a compound by one atom of the element.
2. When an element exhibits more than one valency, it is said to exhibit variable
valency.
3. The reason for variable valency in certain metals is that, depending upon
the experimental conditions, an atom of the metal loses more electrons
that are present in its outermost shell (valence shell), i.e., it loses some
electrons from the shell next to outermost shell. Thus, it exhibits variable
valency.
4. If an element exhibits two different positive valencies, then suffix-ous is
attached at the end of the name of the metal for lower valency and suffix –
ic is attached at the end of the name of the metal for higher valency .
Some examples:

Metal Name and lower valency Name and higher valency

Iron (Ferrum) Ferrous Fe2+ or Fe(II) Ferric Fe3+ or Fe(III)
Copper (Cuprum) Cuprous Cu+ or Cu(I) Cupric Cu2+ or Cu(II)
Silver (Argentum) Argentous Ag+ or Ag(I) Argentic (Ag2+ or Ag(II)
Mercury Mercurous Hg+ or Hg(I) Mercuric Hg2+ or Hg(II)
Method to write a formula from the knowledge of valency
To write a formula, follow the steps given below. This method of writing
formula is called criss-cross method.
Step-1: Write the symbol of positive ion or the radical to the left and for
the negative ion or radical to the right.
Step-2: Put the valency number of each radical or the ion on its top right.
Divide the valency numbers by highest common factor, if any, to
get simple ratio. Now ignore the (+) and (–) symbols. Interchange
the valency numbers of radicals or ions.
Step-3: Shift the valency numbers to lower right side of radical or ion. If
the radical receives a number more than 1, enclose it within
brackets. Do not enclose ions within brackets.
Examples:
1. Write the formula of aluminium sulphate.
Step-1: Writing the symbols of ions. Al SO 4
Step-2: Al (SO 4 )
Step-3: Al3 (SO 4) 2
Steps 4 and 5:
3 2

Al (SO4)

= Al2(SO4)3
The formula is Al2(SO4)3

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2. Formula of calcium chloride:

2 l
Step-1: Ca Cl

Step-1: Ca Cl2
The formula is CaCl2.
3. Formula of sodium chloride:
Step-1: Cll
Step-1: Nal Cll
The formula of sodium chloride is NaCl

WORK SHEET - 2

Single Answer Type

1. The symbol for the element Astatine is:
1) As 2) At 3) Ai 4) An
2. The valency of inert gas is :
1) Zero 2) One 3) Three 4) Two
3. The number of electrons, lost, gained or shared with one atom of the element
in order to acquire stable configuration of nearest noble gas element is
called:
1) Valency 2) Atomicity 3) Molecularity 4) None of these
4. An atom (or) a group of atoms which can exist independently with charge(s)
is called:
1) Ion 2) Molecule 3) Compound 4) Substance
5. Radicals are formed by the loss of electron (or) electrons, such radicals are
called
1) Anions 2) Cations 3) Compounds 4) Molecules
6. Radicals are formed by the gain of electrons, such radicals are called.
1) Anions 2) Cations 3) Compounds 4) Molecules
7. The valency Al is:
1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 0
8. The valency of Berylium is
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

Multi Answer Type

9. Which of the following form tetravalent ions?
1) Platinum 2) Lead 3) Tin 4) Barium

Reasoning Answer Type

10. Statement I : Iron and chlorine combine to form FeCl2, FeCl3.
Statement II : The valency of iron in these compounds are respectively 2 ans
3.
1) Both statement I and II are correct
2) Both statement I and II are incorrect
3) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect
4) Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct
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Comprehension Type
The combining capacity of an element is called its valency. It is given by the
number of hydrogen or chlorine atoms that combine with or displaced from a
compound by one atom of the element. If an element exhibits two different
positive valencies, then suffix-ous is attached at the end of the name of the
metal for lower valency and suffix-ix is attached at the end of the name of
the metal for higher valency.
11. i) The name of the element with lower valency in a compound ends with
suffix ______.
ii) The name of the element with higher valency ends with suffix ________.
(i) (ii)
1) ous ous
2) ic ous
3) ous ic
4) ic ic
12. Identify tetravalent ion from the following.
A) Chromus B) Stannic C) Auric D) Mercurous
1) Only A 2) Only B 3) Only C 4) Only D
13. Which of the following statement is correct?
1) The combining capacity of an element is called its valency
2) The valency of sodium is 2
3) Oxygen valency and charge is +2 4) None

Matrix Matching Type

14. Column-I Column-II
a) Antimony 1) Bi and trivalent
b) Iron 2) Penta and trivalent
c) Ammonium 3) Trivalent
d) Boron 4) Monovalent
5) Hexavalent

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SYNOPSIS - 3
Ions
If an atom lose of an electron it forms positive ion is called cation.
If an atom gain of an electron it forms negative ion is called anion.
Ions are two types depending upon the nature of the charge carried by them.
They are Electro positive ions or cations and Electronegative ions or anions.
Electro positive ions : The ion having positive charge on it is known as
electrpositive and it is also known as cations. Ex: Ca+2, K+, Na+
Monovalent electropositive ions
Name of the
Symbol of the cation Charge
cation
Hydrogen H+ +1
Lithium Li+ +1
Sodium Na+ +1
Potassium K+ +1
Rubidium Rb+ +1
Copper Cu+ Cuprous or Copper (I) +1
Silver Ag+ +1
Gold Au+ Aurous or gold (I) +1
Mercury Hg+1 Mercurous or Mercury (I) +1
Ammonium NH4 +1
Phosphonium PH4 +1
Divalent electropositive ions
Name of the
Symbol of the cation Charge
cation
Beryllium Be2+ +2
Magnesium Mg2+ +2
Calcium Ca2+ +2
Strontium Sr2+ +2
Barium Ba2+ +2
Radium Ra2+ +2
Copper Cu Cupric or Copper (II)
2+ +2
Mercury Hg2+ Mercuric or Mercury (II) +2
Iron Fe2+ Ferrous or Iron (II) +2
Chromium Cr2+ Chromous +2
Cobalt Co Cobaltous of Cobalt (II)
2+ +2
Nickel Ni2+ +2
Mn Manganous or
2+
Manganese +2
Manganese (II)
Cadmium Cd2+ +2
Zinc Zn2+ +2
Lead Pb2+ Plumbous or lead (II) +2
Tin Sn2+ Stannous or Tin (II) +2

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Trivalent electropositive ions

Name of the
Symbol of the cation Charge
cation
Iron Fe3+ Ferric or Iron (III) +3
Manganese Mn3+ Manganic or Manganese (III) +3
Aluminium Al3+ +3
Gold Au3+ Auric or gold (III) +3
Antimony Sb Antimonous or Antimony (III)
3+ +3
Arsenic As3+ Arsenous or Arsenic (III) +3
Chromium Cr3+ +3
Cobalt Co3+ Cobaltic or Cobalt (III) +3
Boron B3+ +3
Tetravalent electropositive ions

Name of the
Symbol of the cation Charge
cation
Platinum Pt4+ Platinic or Platinum (IV) +4
Lead Pb4+ Plumbic or Lead (IV) +4
Tin Sn4+ Stannic or Tin (IV) +4

Pentavalent electropositive ions

Name of the
Symbol of the cation Charge
cation
Arsenic As5+ Arsenic (V) +5
Antimony Sb5+ Antimonic or Antimony (V) +5

WORK SHEET - 3

Single Answer Type

1. Arrange the following into monovalent,bivalent trivalent,tetravalent cations.
A) Phosphonium B) Stannic C) Cobaltous D) Antimonous
1) A, B, D, C 2) A, C, D, B 3) A, B, C, D 4) D, B, C, A
2. The tetravalent ion from the following is:
1) Platinum 2) Tin 3) Lead 4) All the above
3. Cations are called __________.
1) Acidic radicals 2) Basic radicals
3) Neutral 4) None
4. Name the cation which is having the valency 5
1) Platinum 2) Arsenic 3) Lead 4) Cobalt
5. The valency of Zn is
1) 4 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1

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Multi Answer Type

6. Identify the following trivalent positive ions.
1) Cr+3 2) Al+3 3) Fe+3 4)H+
7. Nickel ion is :
1) Monovalent 2) Bivalent 3) Trivalent 4) Tetravalent
8. Correct formula of a trivalent metal nitride is:
1) M3N2 2) M3N3 3) MN 4) Both 2 and 3

Reasoning Answer Type

9. Statement I : Al+3is a trivalent positive ion
Statement II : The metallic ion is formed by the donating three electrons from
its outermost orbit is called trivalent electropositive ions.
1) Both statement I and II are correct
2) Both statement I and II are incorrect
3) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect
4) Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct
10. Statement I : The higher valency of antimony is 5.
Statement II : The higher valency of tin is 4.
1) Both statement I and II are correct
2) Both statement I and II are incorrect
3) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect
4) Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct

Comprehension Type
Writeup-1
Metal have one to three electrons in their outermost orbit (valence shell)
which they tend to donate to the other element.
11. Mg+2 is :
1) Monovalent positive ion 2) Bivalent positive ion
3) Trivalent positive ion 4) Tetravalent positive ion
12. Which of the following is trivalent positive ion?
1) Boron 2) Cromium 3) Calcium 4) Both 1 and 2
13. If Fe is lose two electrons which type of positive ion is formed?
1) Fe+ 2) Fe+2 3) Fe+3 4) Fe
Writeup-2
The ion having a positive charge on it is known as electro-positive ion.
14. The oxidation states of lead are
1) +2 2) +4 3) +3 4) Both 1 and 2
15. Which of the following exhibit more than one oxidation state?
1) Na 2) Mg 3) Al 4) Au
16. Iron and chlorine combine to form FeCl2 , FeCl3 .
The valency of iron in these compounds are respectively
1) 2, 3 2) 3, 4 3) 1, 2 4) 3, 4

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Matrix Matching Type

17. Column-I Column-II
a) Fe+2 1) Argentous ion
b) Ag+ 2) Mercuric ion
c) Hg+2 3) Ferrous ion
d) Cu+ 4) Cuprous ion
5) Hydrogen

SYNOPSIS - 4
Electronegative ions: The ion having a negative charge on it is knwon as
electro negative and also knwon as anion. Ex: Cl–, O2-, SO42-

Divalent electronegative ions

Name of the anion Symbol Charge

Iodate IO 3 –1

Nitrite NO 2 –1

Nitrate NO 3 –1
Hypophosphite or
H2PO2 –1
Dihydrogen phosphite
Cyanide CN –1

Thiocyanate SCN Sulphocyanide –1

Permanganate MnO 4 –1

Hydride H –1

Hydroxide OH –1

Superoxide O 2 –1

Hydrogen peroxide HO 2 –1
2
Carbonate CO 3 –2
2
Chromate CrO 4 –2
2
Dichromate Cr2O 7 –2
2
Manganate MnO 4 –2
2
Sulphide S –2
2
Sulphite SO 3 –2
2
Sulphate SO 4 –2
2
Oxide O –2
2
Peroxide O 2 –2

COO 2
Oxalate C2O24 or | or COO 2  –2
COO

Zincate ZnO22 –2

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Trivalent electronegative ions

Name of the anion Symbol Charge
Trivalent
AO33 –3
Aluminate
Arsenate AsO34 –3
3
Boride B –3
Borate BO33 –3
3
Nitride N –3
3
Phosphide P –3
3
Phosphite PO 3 –3
3
Phosphate PO 4 –3
3
Ferricyanide Fe CN 6  Iron(III) –3

Tetravalent electronegative ions

Name of the anion Symbol Charge
Tetravalent 4
Fe CN 6  Iron(III) –4
Ferrocyanide
Carbide C4  –4

WORK SHEET - 4

Single Answer Type

1. Identify phosphide ion:
1) PO43 2) P4– 3) P3– 4) PO34
2. Super oxide ion is:
1) O22 2) O–2 3) O2 4) O2
3. Choose the trivalent anions from the following:
i) Aluminate ii) Dichromate iii) Bromide iv) Boride
1) i, ii, iii 2) (i), (iv) 3) i, iii 4) i, ii, iii, iv
4. Cyanide ion is represented as:
1) CN– 2) SNC– 3) SN– 4) None
5. Carbonate and bicarbonate ions are respectively:
1) CO32 and HCO2 2) HCO2 and CO32
3) HCO3 and CO23 4) CO23 and HCO3
6. Which of the following is hydroxide ion?
1) H+ 2) OH– 3) OH+ 4) H–

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7. The Chloride and Nitrate ions are respectively:

1) Cl– and NO3– 2) Cl2– and NO4– 3) Cl+ and NO3– 4) Cl– and NO3+
8. Sulphite and sulphate ions are respectively :
1) SO3 and SO4 2) SO4 and SO3 3) SO23 and SO24 4) SO24 and SO23
9. The valency of PO43 ion is :
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 0
10. Choose the correct order of formula for the given radicals:
a) Nitrite b) Nitride c) Nitrate
a b c
 
1) N3– NO 3 NO 2

2) NO2 NO3 N 3–
3) NO2 N3– NO3
4) N3– NO2 NO3
11. Choose the correct order of formulae for the given radicals:
(a) Permanganate (b) Chlorite (c) Phosphite
(a) (b) (c)

1) MnO2 Cl O 3 HPO33
2) MnO24 Cl O4 P O 32 
3) MnO4_ Cl O2 P O 33 
4) MnO Cl O2 H2PO33

Multi Answer Type

12. Which of the following is trivalent electronegative ions?
1) Nitride 2) Phosphide 3) Phosphite 4) Phosphate
13. The monovalent ion/radical among the following is :
1) Sodium 2) Carbonate 3) Chromate 4) Bicarbonate

Reasoning Answer Type

14. Statement I : An ion or radical formed by the acceptance of 3 electrons is
called trivalent electronegative ion.
Statement II : SO24 is a trivalent radical.
1. Both Statements I and II are correct
2. Both statement I and II are incorrect
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
15. Statement I : PO33 is a trivalent electronegative ion.
Statement II : An ion or a radical formed by the acceptance of one electron is
called monovalent electronegative ion.
1. Both Statements I and II are correct
2. Both statement I and II are incorrect
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
VII Class - Chemistry 16
CHEMISTRY LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

16. Statement I : NO3 is a trivalent electronegative ion.

Statement II : An ion or a radical formed by the acceptance of one electron is
called monovalent electronegative ion.
1. Both Statements I and II are correct
2. Both statement I and II are incorrect
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.

Comprehension Type
Writeup-1
An ion or radical formed by the acceptance of 2 electrons is called bivalent
electronegative ion or radical.
17. Sulphate ion is a
1) Monovalent negative ion 2) Bivalent negative ion
3) Bivalent positive ion 4) Monovalent positive ion
18. The number of electrons accepted by an atom of an element is called
1) Its electronegative valency 2) Its electropositive valency
3) Its outermost shell 4) Both 1 and 2
19. Cl , O , N are respectively called as:
– –2 –3

1) mono, di, trivalent ions 2) mono, tetra, divalent ions

3) mono, tri, divalent ions 4) All the above
Writeup-2
The ion having a negative charge on it is known as electro-netative ion.
20. Phosphide and phosphate ions are respectively:
1) PO34 and P3– 2) P3– and PO34 3) PO34 and P4– 4) P4– and PO34
21. The trivalent ion/radical among the following is :
1) Zinc 2) Boride 3) Barium 4) Oxide
22. The bivalent ion/radical among the following is :
1) Nitride 2) Phosphide 3) Antimony 4) Sulphate

Matrix Matching Type

23. Column-I Column-II
2
a) SO 4
1) Oxide
b) O22 2) Sulphite
c) SO23 3) Sulphate
d) S2– 4) Sulphide
5) Peroxide

24. Column-I Column-II

a) Acetate ion 1) H–
b) Hydride ion 2) CH3COO–
c) Bromide ion 3) I–
d) Iodide ion 4) Br–
5) Mn+2

17 VII Class - Chemistry

LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY

SYNOPSIS - 5
FORMULA
Definition : The representation of a molecule of a substance (element or
compound) in terms of symbols and subscript numbers is known as the
formula.
Example: H2 is the formula of hydrogen.
HCl is the formula of hydrochloric acid.
Significance of a formula
Like the symbols, a formula has also qualitative as well as quantitative
significance.
Qualitative significance:
Qualitatively, it represents:
The number of the substance.
The names of the various elements present in the substance.
Quantitative significance:
Quantitatively, it represents:
One molecule of the substance.
The actual number of atoms of each element present in one molecule of the
substance.
The number of parts by weight of the substance (molecular weight).
The number of parts by weight of each element.
For example : The formula of CaCO3 has two significances.
a) Qualitative significance : Qualitatively, it represents.
i) Calcium carbonate.
ii) It contains calcium, Carbon and Oxygen as the elements.
b) Quantitative significance : Quantitatively it represents.
i) One molecule of calcium carbonate
ii) One molecule of calcium carbonate is made up of one atom of
calcium, one atom of carbon and three atoms of oxygens.
iii) One mole of calcium carbonate.
iv) 100 parts by weight of calcium carbonate (atomic weights:Ca-40, C-
12, O-16)
v) 40 parts by weight of calcium, 12 parts by weight of carbon and 48
parts by weight of oxygen.
Method to write a formula from the knowledge of valency
To write a formula, follow the steps given below. This method of writing
formula is called criss-cross method.
Step-1: Write the symbol of positive ion or the radical to the left and for
the negative ion or radical to the right.
Step-2: Put the valency number of each radical or the ion on its top right.
Divide the valency numbers by highest common factor, if any, to
get simple ratio. Now ignore the (+) and (–) symbols. Interchange
the valency numbers of radicals or ions.
Step-3: Shift the valency numbers to lower right side of radical or ion. If
the radical receives a number more than 1, enclose it within
brackets. Do not enclose ions within brackets.
Examples:
1. Write the formula of aluminium sulphate.
Step-1: Writing the symbols of ions. Al SO 4
Step-2: Al (SO 4 )
VII Class - Chemistry 18
CHEMISTRY LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

Step-3: Al 3 (SO 4) 2
3 2

Steps 4 and 5: Al (SO4)

= Al2(SO4)3
The formula is Al2(SO4)3
2. Formula of calcium chloride:
Step-1: Ca2 Cll

Step-1: Ca Cl2
The formula is CaCl2.
3. Formula of sodium chloride:
Step-1: Cll
Step-1: Nal Cll
The formula of sodium chloride is NaCl
NAMING CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FROM THEIR FORMULA:
Usually the elements present in a compound are named in order of symbols
appearing in formula. Following rules are applied in naming a compound.
Rule 1: If a compound contains only two elements (binary compounds) such
that one fo them is metal, the metal is named first. Non-metallic part is
given a suffix ‘ide’ at the end.
Example:
i) Compound of sodium and chlorine is sodium chloride (NaCl)
ii) Compound of magnesium and nitrogen is magnesium nitride (Mg 3N2)
iii) Compound of aluminium and oxygen is aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
iv) Compound of calcium and sulphur is calcium sulphide (CaS)
Rule 2: The compound containing two non-metals are named by using Greek
prefix like mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, which denotes the number of atoms
present in the compound.
Examples:
(i) CO stands for carbon monoxide.
(ii) CO2 stands for carbon dioxide.
(iii) NO2 stands for nitrogen dioxide.
(iv) PCl5 stands for phosphorous pentachloride.
(v) SO3 stands for sulphur trioxide.
Rule 3: Compounds containing three elements (tertiary compounds), one of
which is oxygen, are named with suffix-ate at the end, provided there is
only one such compound. If there are two compounds, the one with more
oxygen is named with suffixate ending and one with less oxygen is named
withite ending.
Examples:
(i) (a) NaNO3 Sodium nitrate (b) NaNO2 Sodium nitrite
(ii) (a) CaSO4 Calcium sulphate (b) CaSO3 Calcium sulphite
Rule 4: If in a compound oxygen is less than the oxygen present in a
compound ending withite, then it is given the prefix hypo- in the beginning
and if oxygen present in a compound ending with -ate is more, then it is
given the prefix per- in the beginning.
Examples:
19 VII Class - Chemistry
LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY

(i) “KClO is named potassium hypo-chlorite as it contains less oxygen

than potassium chlorite KClO2.
(ii) KC lO4 is named potassium per-chlorate as it contains more oxygen
than potassium chlorate (KClO3).
Naming of Acids
(a) The names of binary acids (acids containing hydrogen and one more
element) are given by adding prefix hydro- and suffix -ic to the name of
second element.
Examples:
(i) Acid of hydrogen and chlorine is (HCl) hydrochloric acid,
(ii) Acid of hydrogen and fluorine is (HF) hydrofluoric acid.
(b) The names of acids containing radicals or polyatomic groups are
given on the basis of second element, but prefix hydro- is not
used.
Examples:
(i) H 2SO 4 Sulphuric acid
(ii) H 2CO 3 Carbonic acid
(iii) H 2SO 3 Sulphurous acid [-ous is used because of less number of
oxygen atoms.]
Naming of Bases
Bases containing -OH radical are named as hydroxides, after the name of
metal. Examples:
(i) NaOH Sodium hydroxide
(ii) NH 4OH Ammonium hydroxide.
Trivial Names or Common Names
There are certain names of compounds which do not follow any systematic
rule. Such names are called trivial names or common names. Chemists
have not considered wise to replace these names by systematic names as
they are widely understood by the common man.
Examples:
(i) Common name for nitrogen trihydride is ammonia [NH3]
(ii) Common name for sodium chloride is table salt [NaCl]
(iii) Common name for hydrogen hydroxide is water [H2O]
WORK SHEET - 5
SINGLE ANSWER TYPE
1. A formula has :
1) Qualitative significance only 2) Quantitative significance only
3) Both qualitative and quantitative significance.
4) None of these
2. What is the formula of hydrochloric acid
1) HCl 2) H2 3) Cl2 4) H2SO4
3. The symbolic representation of actual number of atoms in molecule is called
1) Valency 2) Formula 3) Both 1 & 2 D) Ion
4. The chemical formula of water is:
1) H2O2 2) H2O 3) O2 4) H2
5. Chemical formula for calcium sulphate is CaSO 4. The formula for ferric
sulphate will be:
1) Fe 2(P 2O7) 3 2) Fe 4P3O14 3) Fe 2(SO 4) 3 4) Fe3PO 4

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CHEMISTRY LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

6. The chemical formula of Epsom’s salt is :

1) MgSO4.10H2O 2) MgSO4.7H2O
3) 2CaSO4.H2O 4) Na2SO4.10H2O
7. Which of the following is not the correct formula?
1) H2S 2) NaHSO4 3) SiO2 4) NaCl2
8. Sodium phosphate has the chemical formula
1) Na2P2O7 2) Na3PO4 3) Na4P2O7 4) Na3PO3
9. Correct formula of a trivalent metal nitride is:
1) M3N2 2) M3N3 3) MN 4) Both 2 and 3
10. Select the correct formula for each of the following compounds:
i) Calcium carbonate ii) Calcium hydrogen carbonate
(i) (ii)
1) Ca(OH)2 CaCO 3
2) CaCO3 Ca(HCO 3) 2
3) CaCO3 Ca(OH) 2
4) Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(OH) 2
11. The valency of tin in SnCl2 is ____A_______ and SnCl4 is _____B______.
A B
1) 2 4
2) 4 2
3) 1 1
4) 2 2
12. Identify the right chemical formula for the following compounds.
i) Calcium sulphate ii) Magnesium oxide
iii) Potassium nitrite
i ii iii
1) Ca(HSO4)2 MgO KNO 3
2) CaSO4 MgO KNO 2
3) CaS Mg 2O2 KNO 3
4) None of the above.
13. A metal M forms a compound M2HPO4. What will be the formula of the metal
sulphate?
1) M2SO4 2) M2(SO4)3 3) MSO4 4) M(SO4)3
14. The________ present in a compound are named in order of symbols appearing
in formula.
1) Compounds 2) Elements 3) Mixtures 4) Both 1 and 3
15. In a binary compounds, the non-metallic part is given a suffix as?
1) ate 2) ite 3) ide 4) All of these
16. In a binary compounds, the metal ion is:
1) Named second 2) Cannot be named
3) Named first with the metal name 4) Both 1 and 2
17. What is the name of NaNO3 tertiary compound?
1) Sodium nitrite 2) Sodium nitride
3) Sodium nitrate 4) None

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LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY

18. What is the prefix, if oxygen is less than the oxygen present in a compound?
1) Per 2) Hypo 3) Hyper 4) All
19. If oxgen present in a compound ending with-ate,contains more oxygen than
is:
1) Hypo 2) Hyper 3) Per 4) None
20. The prefix and suffix in binary acids containing hydrogen and non metal like
hologen respectively are:
1) Hydro and ic 2) ic and hydro
3) ate, ite 4) ite, ate
21. In naming bases-OH radical are named as hydroxides, after the name of:
1) Metal 2) Non-metal
3) Both 1 and 2 4) None
22. The names of compounds which do not follow any systematic rule called:
1) Trivial names 2) Common names
3) Chemical names 4) Both 1 and 2
MULTI ANSWER TYPE
23. Identify the correct statement/s:
1) The representation of a molecule of a substance (element or compound) in
terms of symbols and subscript numbers is known as the formula.
2) Atoms of different elements combine in certain fixed ratio to form a
compound.
3) All chemical compounds are represented by their respective formulae.
4) None of the above.
24. Which of the following formula is having 2 atoms?
1) HCl 2) HgCl2 3) CaO 4) CaCO3
25. The compounds containing three elements called:
1) Tertiary compounds 2) Primary compounds
3) Penta compounds 4) Binary compounds
26. Which of the following is/are correct statement?
1) The chemical formula of the compound calcium sulphate is CaSO 4
2) The chemical formula of the compound Sodium nitrate is NaNO3
3) The chemical formula of the compound Sulphuric acid is H2SO4
4) The chemical formula of the compound Ammonium hydroxide is NH4OH
REASONING ANSWER TYPE
27. Statement I : A formula has qualitative as well as quantitative significance.
Statement II : Quantitatively it represents the actual number of atoms of
each element present in one molecule of the substance.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.

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CHEMISTRY LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

28. Statement I : The formula of calcium carbonate is CuCO3.

Statement II : The formula of Sodium chloride is NaCl.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
29. Statement I : The compound of magnesium and nitrogen is magnesium
nitride.
Statement II : Potassium hypo chloride is KClO.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
30. Statement I : PCl5 stands for phosphorous penta chloride.
Statement II : SO3 stands for sulphur trioxide.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
COMPREHENSION TYPE
Writeup:1
31. The formula of washing soda is:
1) Na2CO3.7H2O 2) Na2CO 3.H2O
3) Na2CO3.10H2O 4) Na2CO3
32. Molecular formula of Glauber’s salt is:
1) MgSO4.7H2O 2) FeSO4.7H2O
3) CuSO4.5H2O 4) Na2SO4.10H2O
33. The formula of Baking powder is:
1) NaHCO3 2) Na2CO3 3) KHCO3 4) K2CO3
Writeup:2
The representation of a molecule of a substance in terms of symbols &
subscripts numbers is known as formule.
The representation of a molecule of a substance (element or compoun4) in
terms of symbols and subscript numbers is known as the formula.
34. A metal M forms a compound MPO4. What will be the formula of the metal
sulphate?
1) M2SO4 2) M2(SO4)3 3) MSO4 4) M(SO4)3
35. Chemical formula for sodium sulphate is Na2SO4. The formula for trivalent
metal sulphate will be:
1) M2(P2O7)3 2) M4P3O14 3) M2(SO4)3 4) M3PO4

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LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY

36. The phosphate of a metal has the formula MPO4. The formula of its nitrate
will be:
1) MNO3 2) M2(NO3)2 3) M(NO3)2 4) M(NO3)3
Writeup:3
Usually the elements present in a compound are named in order of symbols
appearing in formula.
37. The chemical formula of magnesium nitride is:
1) MgN3 2) Mg2N3 3) Mg3N2 4) MgNO3
38. The chemical formula of aluminium oxide is:
1) Al2O3 2) Al(OH)2 3) Al3O2 4) AlO3
39. The compound of calcium and sulphur is:
1) Calcium sulphate 2) Calcium sulphite
3) Calcium hydroxide 4) Calcium sulphide
Writeup:4
There are certain names of compounds which do not follow any systematic
rule. Such names are called trivial names or common names.
40. What is the trivial name of sodium chloride?
1) Ammonia 2) Table salt 3) Baking salt 4) Water
41. What is the common name of nitrogen trihydride?
1) Ammonia 2) Nitrogen hydroxide
3) Hydrogen nitrite 4) Cannot be named
42. Water is:
1) Hydrogen hydride 2) Hydride hydrogen
3) Hydrogen halide 4) Hydrogen hydroxide
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE
43. Column-I Column-II
a) Hg2Cl2 1) Manganous sulphate
b) Ca(OH)2 2) Sodium dichromate
c) MnSO4 3) Calcium hydroxide
d) Na2Cr2O7 4) Mercurous chloride
5) Nickel bisulphate
44. Column-I Column-II
a) Mercurous chloride 1) PbCrO4
b) Lead chromate 2) CaOCl2
c) Solid carbondioxide 3) CO2
d) Calcium oxychloride 4) Hg2Cl2
5) H2SO4
45. Column-I Column-II
a) Ammonia 1) Sodium Chloride
b) Table salt 2) Hydrogen hydroxide
c) Water 3) Nitrogen trihydride
d) Carbonic acid 4) H2CO3
5) Calcium chloride
46. Column-I Column-II
a) Potassium perchloride 1) CO
b) Sulphuric acid 2) NaOH
c) Sodium hydroxide 3) KC lO2
d) Carbon monoxide 4) H 2SO 4
5) H 2SO 3

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CHEMISTRY LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

INTEGER ANSWER TYPE

47. The oxygen atoms present in aluminium sulphate is __________
48. How many molecules of magnesium chloride is formed when 1 volume of
magnesium is react with two volumes of hydrogen chloride?

SYNOPSIS - 6
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
Definition: The chemical equation is a statement that describes a chemical
change in terms of symbols and formula.
Terms related to chemical equation
Reactants: The substance/substances which take part in a chemical reaction
are called reactants.
Products: The substances formed as a result of chemical reaction are called
products.
The products are always written on the right hand side in a chemical
equation.
A chemical equation consists of formulae of reactants connected by plus
sign (+) and an arrow    is read “to yield” or “to form”. It also shows the
direction in which reaction is predominant.
Explanation of a chemical equation: The term “equation” is used, because
in a chemical reaction the atoms are neither created nor destroyed. Thus,
the number of atoms of each element on the right hand side of an equation
must be equal to number of atoms of each element on the left hand side of
an equation.
What is a balanced chemical equation?
A chemical equation in which number of atoms of each element is same on
the side of reactants and products is called balanced equation .
Example: 2KNO3  2KNO2 + O2
Information conveyed by a balanced chemical equation
A chemical equation conveys the following information:
It tells us which substances react among themselves and which are formed
as a result of the reaction.
For example, the equation Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl  CaCl2 + 2H2O tells us that
calcium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride
and water.
It tells us about the relative number of atoms and molecules of the reactants
and the products.
For example, the equation Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2 reveals that 1 atom of
magnesium reacts with 2 molecules of hydrogen chloride to form 1 molecule
of magnesium chloride and 1 molecule of hydrogen.
It gives us the ratio of the masses of the reactants and products. It gives us
the volume ratio of gaseous reactants and products.
Limitations of a balanced chemical equation
1. It does not give information about the physical state of reactants and products.
For example, the equation given below does not tell whether the substances
involved in chemical reaction are in solids, liquids or gaseous state.
CaCO3 + 2HCl  CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

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How is the above limitation overcome in a balanced equation ?

This difficulty is overcome by putting symbols like(s) for solids, (l) for liquids
and (g) for gases. For chemicals, which react in solution form, a symbol (aq)
is used. Following examples will illustrate the point :
(i) CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
(ii) AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
(iii) 2Pb(NO3)2(s)  2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
2. A balanced chemical equation does not tell whether a chemical reaction
will come to completion or not.
3. A balanced chemical equation does not tell anything about the speed of a
chemical reaction.
For example, the reaction between silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride
solution completes in few seconds. However, decomposition of lead nitrate
crystals takes place in few minutes.
4. A balanced chemical equation does not tell about the physical conditions
which bring about the chemical reaction, e.g., it does not tell whether heat
energy, light energy, pressure, catalyst, etc., are required for a chemical
reaction or not.
How is above limitation overcome in a balanced equation?
The problem is partly solved by writing the conditions of reaction on the
arrow head as illustrated by a balanced equation.
N2  g   3H2  g  ‡ˆ ˆˆ900 ˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆˆ†ˆˆ 2NH3  g 
 Mo
ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆFe
atmos  450C

From the above equation we can say that 1 volume of nitrogen gas, reacts
with 3 volumes of hydrogen gas, under a pressure of 900 atmospheres, at a
temperature 450°C, in presence of catalyst iron containing molybdenum,
when a reversible reaction takes place, with the formation of 2 volumes of
ammonia gas.
5. A balanced chemical equation does not tell about changes such as
precipitation, change in colour, evolution of heat, light and sound energy
during the chemical change.
WORK SHEET - 6

MULTI ANSWER TYPE

1. N2  g  + 3H2  g  ‡ˆ ˆˆ900
ˆˆ ˆˆFe-Mo ˆˆ 2NH3  g 
ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆ†
atm - 450° C

The above reaction is a balanced one with corrected limitations. Identify the
corrected limitations.
1) Physical states of reactants
2) Number of atoms and molecules
3) Symbols and formulae of all the substances.
4) Physical conditions of a reaction on the arrow.
2. Identify the balanced equation of the following
1) H2  Cl 2  2HCl 2) 2Mg  O2  2MgO
3) 2CO  O2  2CO2 4) Fe  S  FeS

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CHEMISTRY LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

3. Which of the following is correct balanced equation?

1) Na 2CO3  2HCl  2NaCl  CO2  H2O
2) Ca  OH 2  CO2  CaCO3  H2O
3) 2H2S  SO2  2H2O  3S
4) 4NH3  5O2  4NO  6H2O
REASONING ANSWER TYPE
4. Statement I : A balanced chemical equation does not tell about the all
physical conditions of a reaction.
Statement II : A balanced chemical equation tells about only some physical
conditions like light, heat energy and pressure but not of
catalyst of a reactions.
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
5. Statement I : Mg  2HCl  MgCl 2  H2 is a balanced equation
Statement II : The number of atoms in the reactants is equal to the number
of atoms in the products
1. Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2. Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3. Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4. Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
COMPREHENSION TYPE
Writeup:1
A chemical equation in which number of atoms of each element is same on
the side of reactants and products is called balanced equation.
6. Which of the following is true regarding the amount of substances involved
and formed in the following reaction?


CaCO3  CaO+ CO2
CaCO 3 CaO CO 2
1) 50g 20g 22g
2) 100g 28g 22g
3) 100g 56g 22g
4) 100g 56g 44g
7. Which of the following is true about the following reaction?
N2  g  + 3H2  g  ‡ˆ ˆˆ 900 ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆ†ˆˆ 2NH3  g 
ˆˆ ˆˆFe-Co
atm-450° C
1) 8 atoms of reactants react to give 8 atoms of products.
2) 4 molecules of reactants react to give two molecules of product.
3) 34 grams of reactants react to give 34 grams of products.
4) All the above.

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8. Which of the following is practically incorrect about the following equation:

2CO + O2  2CO2
1) 2 molecules of CO react with 1 molecule of O2 to form 2 molecules of CO2.
2) 1molecule of CO2 is formed by the combination of 1 molecule of CO and
1
2 molecule of O2.
3) 56 grams of CO reacts with 32 grams of O 2 to form 88 grams of CO2.
4) All of these.
Writeup:2
A chemical equation in which number of atoms of each element is same on
the side of reactants and products is called balanced equation .
Example: 2KNO3  2KNO2 + O2
9. Which of the following is not true for a balanced chemical equation?
1) A balanced chemical equation gives information about physical states of
all reacting substances.
2) A balanced equation gives information about the number of atoms of all
substances involved in the reaction.
3) Both 1 and 2. 4) None of these.

10. ˆˆ ˆˆFe-Mo
N2 + 3H2 ‡ˆ ˆˆ900 ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆˆ ˆ†
ˆˆ 2NH3
atm - 450° C

Which of the following statements is not true?

1) One molecule of nitrogen and three molecules of hydrogen combine to
form two molecules of ammonia at same conditions of temperature and
pressure.
2) 28 grams of nitrogen and 6 grams of hydrogen combine to form 34 gramsof
ammonia.
3) One gram of nitrogen and three grams of hydrogen combine to form two
grams of ammonia.
4) Both 1 and 2.
11. 2Mg + O2  2MgO
Which of the following statements is not true?
1) One molecule of magnesium and two molecules of oxygen combine to
form two molecules of magnesium oxide.
2) 28 grams of magnesium and 6 grams of oxygen combine to form 34 grams
of magnesium oxide.
3) 48 grams of magnesium and 32 grams of oxygen combine to form 80
grams of magnesium oxide.
4) Both 1 and 2
MATRIX MATCHING TYPE
12. Column-I Column-II
a) Mg  2HCl 1) MgO  C
b) 2Mg  CO2 2) CaCl 2  H2O
c) Ca(OH)2  2HCl 3) CaCl 2  H2O  CO2
d) CaCO3  2HCl 4) MgCl 2  H2
5) MgO + HCl

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CHEMISTRY LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

13. Column-I Column-II

a) The substance which take part 1) Products
in chemical reaction
b) The substance formed as a result of 2) Balanced equation
chemical reaction
c) A chemical equation in which number 3) CaCl2 + H2O
of atoms of each element is same on
the side of reactents and products 4) Reactants
d) Ca  OH 2  2HCl 5) CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
INTEGER ANSWER TYPE
14. 2KCl O3  2KCl  3O2
The number of ‘K’ atoms present in the above equation in total are _________

SYNOPSIS - 7
METHODS TO BALANCE A CHEMICAL EQUATION
Pre-requisites to be known to balance a chemical equation: Whether or
not a chemical reaction takes place between two chemical substances.
One must know all the reactants and the products formed during a chemical
change. One must know the correct symbols and formulae of all the
reactants and products.
How to balance a chemical equation (Hit and trial method): Following
steps may be helpful in balancing a chemical equation by this method:
(i) Select the biggest formula and balance the same kinds of atoms in it
on both sides of the arrow.
(ii) If the above step fails, then select the element which occurs at the
minimum number of places and this element is balanced first. The
element which occurs at the maximum number of places is balanced
last of all.
(iii) In case the elementary gases like hydrogen, oxygen, etc., appear, the
equation is balanced by keeping these gases in the atomic state.
(iv) Atoms of the elementary gases are balanced last of all.
(v) The balanced equation in the atomic state is changed in the molecular
form.
Example: Balance the following skeleton equation.
Mg + CO2  MgO + C
Solution:
Rewriting Mg + CO2  MgO + C
No. of Mg atoms 1 1
No. of C atoms 1 1
No. of O atoms 2 1
We see the number of Mg atoms and C atoms on both sides are equal. The
number of oxygen atoms on product side is 1 and on the reactant side is 2.
To make oxygen atoms equal, multiply MgO by 2. We get,
Mg + CO2  2MgO + C
Now, to make Mg atoms equal on both sides, multiply Mg of L.H.S. by two.
Thus, each kind of atoms on both sides of the equation are equal.
Thus, the balanced equation is 2Mg + CO 2  2MgO + C

29 VII Class - Chemistry

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WORK SHEET - 7
SINGLE ANSWER TYPE
1. Mg + HClO3 –––––> Mg(ClO3)2 + H2O + HCl
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
2. FeS2 + O2 –––––> Fe2O3 + SO2
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
3. NaBrO + NH2CONH2 –––––> NaBr + CO2 + H2O + N2
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
4. (NH4)3 PO4 –––––> NH3 + H2O + HPO3
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
5. CaOCl2 + NH3 –––––>CaCl2 + H2O + N2
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
6. Fe + N2O –––––> N2 + Fe3O4
Balanced Equation
...........................................................................................................
7. Sn + HCl + NO –––––>SnCl2 + NH2OH
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
8. FeSO4 + H2SO4 + HNO3 –––––>Fe2(SO4)3 + NO + H2O
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
9. Skeleton Equation
CuSO4 + KI –––––> CuI + I2 + K 2 SO 4
Balanced Equation
...................................................................................................
10. Skeleton Equation
CuCl2 + H2O + SO2 –––––> CuCl + HCl + H2SO4
Balanced Equation
...................................................................................................
11. Ca3(PO4)2 + SiO2 –––––>P2O5 + CaSiO3
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
12. Al2O3 + C –––––> Al4C3 + CO
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
13. Skeleton Equation
C 2H 4 + O2 –––––> CO 2 + H 2O
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
14. Skeleton Equation
C 2H 2 + O2 –––––> CO 2 + H 2O
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
VII Class - Chemistry 30
CHEMISTRY LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

15. Skeleton Equation

CH 4 + O2 –––––> CO 2 + H 2O
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
16. Skeleton Equation
NH 3 + Na –––––> NaNH 2 + H2
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
17. Skeleton Equation
Cr(OH) 3 + Na 2 O 2 –––––> Na 2CrO 4 + H2O + NaOH
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
18. Skeleton Equation
Mn(OH) 2 + Na 2 O 2 –––––> Na2MnO 4 + NaOH
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
19. Skeleton Equation
Al 2(SO 4) 3 + NaOH –––––> Al(OH)3 + Na 2 SO 4
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
20. Skeleton Equation
KI + H 2SO 4 –––––> KHSO4 + H2O + SO2 + I2
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
21. Skeleton Equation
CuFeS 2 + O2 –––––> Cu2S + FeS + SO 2
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
22. Skeleton Equation
FeS + O2 –––––> FeO + SO 2
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
23. Skeleton Equation
Cu 2S + O2 –––––> Cu 2O + SO 2
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
24. Skeleton Equation
Cu 2S + CuSO 4 –––––> Cu + SO 2
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................
25. Skeleton Equation
Cu 2O + Cu2S –––––> Cu + SO 2
Balanced Equation
............................................................................................................

KEY

31 VII Class - Chemistry

LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY

WORK SHEET – 1 (KEY)

1) 2 2) 3 3) 3 4) 3 5) 1

6) 1 7) 2 8) 4 9) 2 10) 3

11) 1 12) 2 13) 2 14) 3 15) 2

16) 4 17) 2 18) 1,2,3 19) 1,2,3,4 20) 1,2,3,4

21) 1,2,3 22) 3 23) 1 24) 1 25) 1

26) 3 27) 1 28) 4 29) 4 30) 4

31) 3 32) 3 33) 4 34) 1 35) 3

36) 4 37) 4 38) A-3 39) A-4 40) A-4

B-4 B-3 B-3
C-2 C-1 C-1
D-1 D-2 D-2

WORK SHEET – 2 (KEY)

1) 2 2) 1 3) 1 4) 1 5) 2

6) 1 7) 1 8) 2 9) 1,2,3 10) 1

11) 3 12) 2 13) 3 14) A-2

B-1
C-4
D-3

WORK SHEET – 3 (KEY)

1) 2 2) 4 3) 2 4) 2 5) 3

6) 1,2,3 7) 2 8) 4 9) 1 10) 1

11) 2 12) 4 13) 2 14) 4 15) 4

16) 1 17) A-3

B-1
C-2
D-4

VII Class - Chemistry 32

CHEMISTRY LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY

WORK SHEET – 4 (KEY)

1) 3 2) 3 3) 2 4) 1 5) 4

6) 2 7) 1 8) 3 9) 2 10) 3

11) 3 12) 1,2,3,4 13) 1,4 14) 3 15) 1

16) 4 17) 2 18) 1 19) 1 20) 2

21) 2 22) 4 23) A-3 24) A-2

B-5 B-1
C-2 C-4
D-4 D-3

WORK SHEET – 5 (KEY)

1) 3 2) 1 3) 2 4) 2 5) 3

6) 2 7) 4 8) 2 9) 4 10) 2

11) 1 12) 2 13) 1 14) 2 15) 4

16) 3 17) 3 18) 2 19) 3 20) 1

21) 1 22) 4 23) 1,2,3 24) 1 25) 1

26) 1,2,3,4 27) 2 28) 4 29) 3 30) 2

31) 3 32) 4 33) 1 34) 2 35) 3

36) 4 37) 3 38) 1 39) 4 40) 2

41) 1 42) 4 43) 4,3,1,2 44) 4,1,3,2 45) 3,1,2,4

46) 3,4,2,1 47) 12 48) 1

WORK SHEET – 6 (KEY)

1) 1,4 2) 1,2,3,4 3) 1,2,3,4 4) 3 5) 1

6) 4 7) 4 8) 4 9) 3 10) 3

11) 4 12) 4,1,2,3 13) 4,1,2,3 14) 4

33 VII Class - Chemistry

LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY

WORK SHEET - 7 (KEY)

1. 3Mg + 7HClO3 –––––> 3Mg(ClO3)2 + 3H2O + HCl
2. 4FeS 2 + 11O2 –––––> 2Fe 2O 3 + 8SO2
3. 3NaBrO + NH 2CONH 2 –––––> 3NaBr + CO2 + 2H2O + N2
4. (NH4)3 PO4 –––––> 3NH3 + H2O + HPO3
5. 3CaOCl2 + 2NH 3 –––––> 3CaCl2 + 3H2O + N2
6. 3Fe + 4N2O –––––> 4N 2 + Fe 3 O 4
7. 3Sn + 6HCl + 2NO –––––> 3SnCl2 + 2NH 2OH
8. 6FeSO 4 + 3H2SO4+2HNO3 –––––> 3Fe 2(SO 4 ) 3 + 2NO + 4H2O
9. 2CuSO4 + 4KI –––––> Cu 2I 2 + 2I2 + 2K2SO4
10. 2CuCl2 + H2O + 2SO2 –––––> 2CuCl + 3HCl + 2H2SO4
11. Ca 3(PO 4) 2 + 3SiO2 + 5C –––––> 3CaSiO 3 + 2P + 5CO
12. 2Al2O3 + 6C –––––> A l 4C 3 + 6CO
13. C 2H 4 + 3O 2 –––––> 2CO2 + 2H 2O
14. C 2H 2 + 3O 2 –––––> 2CO2 + 2H 2O
15. CH 4 + 2O 2 –––––> CO 2 + 2H 2O
16. 2NH 3 + Na –––––> NaNH 2 + 2H 2
17. 2Cr(OH)3 + 3Na2O 2 –––––> 2Na2CrO4+2NaOH + 2H2O
18. Mn(OH) 2 + 2Na2O 2 –––––> Na2MnO 4 + 2NaOH
19. Al 2(SO 4) 3 + 6NaOH –––––> 2A l(OH)3 + 3Na2SO 4
20. 2KI + 3H 2SO 4 –––––> 2KHSO4+ 2H2O+ SO2 + I2
21. 2CuFeS 2 + O2 –––––> Cu2S + 2FeS + SO 2
22. 2FeS + 3O 2 –––––> 2FeO + 2SO2
23. Cu 2S + 2CuO –––––> 4Cu + SO 2
24. Cu 2S + CuSO4 –––––> 3Cu + 2SO2
25. 2Cu2O + Cu 2S –––––> 6Cu + SO 2

VII Class - Chemistry 34