Group5 - Concrete Research Assignment - Building Tech4

Group #5 – Concrete Research Assignment
Site Cast Flat Slab

Construction
JASON NG
HITO RODRIGUEZ
DEISY RAMIREZ
DIFFERENT TYPE OF FLAT
SLABS
Uses of column heads:
•increase shear strength of

slab
•reduce the moment in the

slab by reducing the clear or
effective span
Uses of drop panels:

•increase shear strength of
slab
•increase negative moment

capacity of slab
•stiffen the slab and hence

reduce deflection
BENEFITS OF FLAT SLABS
•Flexibility in room layout
•Saving in building height
•Shorter construction time
•Prefabricated welded mesh
•Buildable score
FLEXIBILITY IN ROOM LAYOUT

•allows Architect to introduce partition walls anywhere required
•allows owner to change the size of room layout
•allows choice of omitting false ceiling and finish soffit of slab with skim coating
SAVING IN BUILDING HEIGHT

•Lower storey height will reduce building weight due to lower partitions and cladding to
façade
•approx. saves 10% in vertical members
•reduce foundation load
PRE-FABRICATED WELDED MESH
•Prefabricated in standard sizes
•Minimised installation time
•Better quality control
BUILDABLE SCORE
• Allows standardized structural

members and prefabricated
sections to be integrated into the
design for ease of construction
• This process will make the structure
more buildable, reduce the number
of site workers and increase the
productivity at site
• More tendency to achieve a
higher Buildable score
THIN SHELL STRUCTURES
The thin-shell structures allow roofs
to be built without interior columns
or exterior buttresses. Though the
concrete may be less than two
inches thick, if designed carefully,
the curvature and weight of the
sheet stiffens the structure,
allowing it to support itself and
additional loads. The results are
buildings that seem to defy
gravity, like giant swaths of fabric
blown aloft by a soundless wind.
Candela's Los Manantiales

Restaurant
BY FELIX CANDELA
VIDEO
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=K1YsNhk3ktQ
Site Cast Flat Slab Construction
Construction Time and Cost
Curing Concrete
-28 days to let the concrete reaches the strength for design.
-The top surfaces of the concrete slab must be kept moist by repeat
spraying and covering with moisture-resistant sheets.
-Extra care is needed when slabs are poured in hot or windy weather, it
can cause the surface of the concrete dry out and crack even before it
begins to cure.
-At low temperature, the concrete may curing much more slowly, if the
concrete reaches subfreezing temperatures while curing, the curing
action will stop completely until the temperature of the concrete rises
above the freezing mark.
- Extra Labor cost is needed

Construction Time and Cost
Formwork
-Braced panels of wood, metal, or plastic.
-Is fast to build and can be use repeatedly as a

construction project progresses.
-Top grade wooden boards and plastic-over-laid

plywoods are frequently used to achieve high
quality surface of concrete.
-The cost of this formwork accounts for a major

portion often one-half or more of the overall cost of
a concrete building frame.
One Way Solid Slab System Two Way Flat Slab System
-Support by bearing walls or beams. The wall
-More economical than one way system in
and columns are poured before erecting the
building with bays that are square or nearly
formwork for one way slab.
square proportion.
-Used for very heavily load buildings such as
-One Way slab depths are typically 4 to 10 storage and industrial buildings.
inches.
-Slab depths are typically 5 to 12 inches
One Way Solid Slab System Two Way Flat Slab System
-Support by bearing walls or beams. The wall
-More economical than one way system in
and columns are poured before erecting the
building with bays that are square or nearly
formwork for one way slab.
square proportion.
-Used for very heavily load buildings such as
-One Way slab depths are typically 4 to 10 storage and industrial buildings.
inches.
-Slab depths are typically 5 to 12 inches
Selecting A Sitecast concrete framing system
Are the bays of the building square or nearly a If Yes, Two-way flat slab system will be more
square proportion? economically.
How long are the spans? From 25’ to 30’ Two-Way Flat Slab System.
Larger than 30’ One-Way Joist system.
How heavy are the loads? Heavy Loads- Thicker Slab and Larger Beams.
Will there be a finish ceiling below the slab? If no, One Way slab construction have smooth
surface that can serve as ceiling
Must the frame supply lateral force resistance? If Yes- One Way System
Case Study
Church of Light by Tadao Ando
- The reinforced concrete volume is void and without any column

and beam.
- One way flat slab system create a large open space.
- The smooth surfaces of the concrete and the tie holes create
aesthetic exterior and interior finish for the building.
- Minimize the interior decoration.
- Strong contrast between the light and concrete.
- Flat slab concrete structure create a quiet environment.
(a) Very smooth surface form by

high quality plywood formwork.
(b) Smooth surface with neatly tie
hole.
(c) Exposed aggregate surface,
form by scrubbing the surface of
the concrete.
(d) Bush-Hammered surface
(e) Bush-Hammered surface with
ribs form by ribbed formwork.
Flexibility of the system diversity of
forms available
 Flat slab construction places
no restrictions on the
positioning of horizontal
services and partitions. This
offers considerable flexibility to
the occupier, who can easily
alter internal layouts to
accommodate changes in the
use of the structure. Post
tensioning of flat slabs enables
longer and thinner slabs, with  Post-tensioned floors increasingly are
less reinforcement, and hence being used in high-rise construction.
offers significant programme
and labour advantages
Case Study
Cincinnati Hyatt Hotel
• Reinforced concrete-frame
construction helped speed completion
of the Cincinnati Hyatt Hotel 4 months
ahead of schedule. And lower floor-to-
floor distances cut overall structure
height, reducing the amount of
facade needed to cover the Building
• With concrete frames, horizontal
members need not be as deep as with
steel frames.
• It also saves on vertical runs of
electrical, mechanical, and HVAC
systems, as well as elevators. The result
is additional cost savings in materials,
labor, and construction time.

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Group #5 – Concrete Research Assignment

Site Cast Flat Slab

•increase shear strength of

•reduce the moment in the

Uses of drop panels:

•increase negative moment

•stiffen the slab and hence

FLEXIBILITY IN ROOM LAYOUT

SAVING IN BUILDING HEIGHT

• Allows standardized structural

Candela's Los Manantiales

- Extra Labor cost is needed

Construction Time and Cost

-Is fast to build and can be use repeatedly as a

-Top grade wooden boards and plastic-over-laid

-The cost of this formwork accounts for a major

Larger than 30’ One-Way Joist system.

- The reinforced concrete volume is void and without any column

(a) Very smooth surface form by

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