2 November 2018

ADHD

Teaching Students with ADHD

Dealing with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the classroom? These tips for teachers
can help you overcome common challenges and help kids with ADHD succeed at school.

By Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. and Melinda Smith, M.A.

Last updated or reviewed on February 28, 2023

ADHD and classroom challenges

If you’re a teacher, you know these kids: The one who stares out the window, substituting the arc of a bird in
flight for her math lesson. The one who wouldn’t be able to keep his rear end in the chair if you used Krazy Glue.
The one who answers the question, “What body of water played a major role in the development of the Ancient
Egyptian civilization?” with “Mrs. M, do you dye your hair?”

Students who exhibit ADHD’s hallmark symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity can be frustrating.
You know the brainpower is there, but they just can’t seem to focus on the material you’re working hard to
deliver. Plus, their behaviors take time away from instruction and disrupt the whole class.

Students with ADHD may:

Demand attention by talking out of turn or moving around the room.

Have trouble following instructions, especially when they're presented in a list, and with operations that
require ordered steps, such as long division or solving equations.
Often forget to write down homework assignments, do them, or bring completed work to school.
Often lack fine motor control, which makes note-taking difficult and handwriting a trial to read.
Have problems with long-term projects where there is no direct supervision.
Not pull their weight during group work and may even keep a group from accomplishing its task.

Think of what the school setting requires children to do: Sit still. Listen quietly. Pay attention. Follow instructions.
Concentrate. These are the very things kids with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD or ADD) have a
hard time doing—not because they aren’t willing, but because their brains won’t let them. That doesn’t make
teaching them any easier, of course.

Children and teens with ADHD often pay the price for their problems in low grades, scolding and punishment,
teasing from their peers, and low self-esteem. Meanwhile, you, the teacher, feel guilty because you can’t reach
the child with ADHD and wind up taking complaints from parents who feel their kids are being neglected in the

https://www.helpguide.org/articles/add-adhd/teaching-students-with-adhd-attention-deficit-disorder.htm

By Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. and Melinda Smith, M.A.

1 of 5
Last updated or reviewed on February 28, 2023
 2 November 2018

classroom. But it doesn’t have to be this way. There are strategies you can employ to help students with ADHD
overcome learning challenges, stay focused without disrupting others, and succeed in the classroom.

What teachers can do to help children with ADHD

So how do you teach a kid who won't settle down and listen? The answer: with a lot of patience, creativity, and
consistency. As a teacher, your role is to evaluate each child's individual needs and strengths. Then you can
develop strategies that will help students with ADHD focus, stay on task, and learn to their full capabilities.

Successful programs for children with ADHD integrate the following three components:

01. Accommodations: what you can do to make learning easier for students with ADHD.
02. Instruction: the methods you use in teaching.
03. Intervention: How you head off behaviors that disrupt concentration or distract other students.

Your most effective tool, however, in helping a student with ADHD is a positive attitude. Make the student your
partner by saying, “Let's figure out ways together to help you get your work done.” Assure the student that you'll
be looking for good behavior and quality work and when you see it, reinforce it with immediate and sincere
praise. Finally, look for ways to motivate a student with ADHD by offering rewards on a point or token system.

Dealing with disruptive classroom behavior

To head off behavior that takes time from other students, work out a couple of warning signals with the student
who has ADHD. This can be a hand signal, an unobtrusive shoulder squeeze, or a sticky note on the student's
desk. If you have to discuss the student's behavior, do so in private. And try to ignore mildly inappropriate
behavior if it's unintentional and isn't distracting other students or disrupting the lesson.

Classroom accommodations for students with ADHD

As a teacher, you can make changes in the classroom to help minimize the distractions and disruptions of ADHD.

Seating

Seat the student with ADHD away from windows and away from the door.
Put the student with ADHD right in front of your desk unless that would be a distraction for the student.
Seats in rows, with focus on the teacher, usually work better than having students seated around tables
or facing one another in other arrangements.
Create a quiet area free of distractions for test-taking and quiet study.

https://www.helpguide.org/articles/add-adhd/teaching-students-with-adhd-attention-deficit-disorder.htm

By Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. and Melinda Smith, M.A.

2 of 5
Last updated or reviewed on February 28, 2023
 2 November 2018

Information delivery

Give instructions one at a time and repeat as necessary.

If possible, work on the most difficult material early in the day.
Use visuals: charts, pictures, color coding.
Create outlines for note-taking that organize the information as you deliver it.

Student work

Create worksheets and tests with fewer items, give frequent short quizzes rather than long tests, and
reduce the number of timed tests.
Test students with ADHD in the way they do best, such as orally or filling in blanks.
Divide long-term projects into segments and assign a completion goal for each segment.
Accept late work and give partial credit for partial work.

Organization

Have the student keep a master binder with a separate section for each subject, and make sure
everything that goes into the notebook is put in the correct section. Color-code materials for each
subject.
Provide a three-pocket notebook insert for homework assignments, completed homework, and “mail” to
parents (permission slips, PTA flyers).
Make sure the student has a system for writing down assignments and important dates and uses it.
Allow time for the student to organize materials and assignments for home. Post steps for getting ready to
go home.

Teaching techniques for students with ADHD

Teaching techniques that help students with ADHD focus and maintain their concentration on your lesson and
their work can be beneficial to the entire class.

Starting a lesson

Signal the start of a lesson with an aural cue, such as an egg timer, a cowbell or a horn. (You can use
subsequent cues to show how much time remains in a lesson.)
Establish eye contact with any student who has ADHD.

https://www.helpguide.org/articles/add-adhd/teaching-students-with-adhd-attention-deficit-disorder.htm

By Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. and Melinda Smith, M.A.

3 of 5
Last updated or reviewed on February 28, 2023
 2 November 2018

List the activities of the lesson on the board.

In opening the lesson, tell students what they're going to learn and what your expectations are. Tell
students exactly what materials they'll need.

Conducting the lesson

Keep instructions simple and structured. Use props, charts, and other visual aids.
Vary the pace and include different kinds of activities. Many students with ADHD do well with competitive
games or other activities that are rapid and intense.
Have an unobtrusive cue set up with the student who has ADHD, such as a touch on the shoulder or
placing a sticky note on the student's desk, to remind the student to stay on task.
Allow a student with ADHD frequent breaks and let him or her squeeze a rubber ball or tap something that
doesn't make noise as a physical outlet.
Try not to ask a student with ADHD perform a task or answer a question publicly that might be too
difficult.

Ending the lesson

Summarize key points.

If you give an assignment, have three different students repeat it, then have the class say it in unison, and
put it on the board.
Be specific about what to take home.

More Information

Helpful links

01. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) - Tips and resources for teachers. (Center for Parent
Information and Resources)

02. In the Classroom: Ideas and Strategies for Kids with ADD and Learning Disabilities - Suggestions for
teaching children with ADHD. (Child Development Institute)

https://www.helpguide.org/articles/add-adhd/teaching-students-with-adhd-attention-deficit-disorder.htm

By Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. and Melinda Smith, M.A.

4 of 5
Last updated or reviewed on February 28, 2023
 2 November 2018

03. Motivating the Child with Attention Deficit Disorder - How ADHD symptoms interfere with classroom
expectations and how to realistically motivate a child. (LD Online)

04. Step-by-Step Guide for Securing ADHD Accommodations at School - Meeting your child’s educational
needs with ADHD accommodations at school. (ADDitude)

05. Contents of the IEP - Guide to developing an Individualized Education Program (IEP) with school staff to
address your child’s educational needs. (Center for Parent Information and Resources)

References

01. Neurodevelopmental Disorders. (2013). In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
American Psychiatric Association.

02. Teaching Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Instructional Strategies and Practices– Pg
1. (2008). [Reference Materials; Instructional Materials]. US Department of Education.

03. Gaastra, G. F., Groen, Y., Tucha, L., & Tucha, O. (2016). The Effects of Classroom Interventions on Off-
Task and Disruptive Classroom Behavior in Children with Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder: A Meta-Analytic Review. PLOS ONE, 11(2), e0148841.

04. CDC. (2019, November 7). ADHD in the Classroom. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

https://www.helpguide.org/articles/add-adhd/teaching-students-with-adhd-attention-deficit-disorder.htm

By Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. and Melinda Smith, M.A.

5 of 5
Last updated or reviewed on February 28, 2023