8.ulster Plantation and The Growth of Towns Summary

The Ulster Plantation and the growth of towns
The Nine Years War

-Asked Philip II of Spain for help.
-1594- a great rebellion broke out against English
rule in Ireland. -The Battle of Kinsale (1601); Spanish
Armada arrived here only to be
-Lead by Hugh O’Neill, the Earl of Tyrone, this was defeated by an English army led by
a last ditch effort by the Gaelic Irish lords to slow Lord Mountjoy.
the extension of British rule into Ireland.
The size of
estates was
capped at 2,000 The Plantation in Practice
-1607: Flight of the Earls;
acres, unlike -Started 1609. O’Neill and the Ulster nobility
the Munster fled to Rome.
-Fermanagh, Armagh, Tyrone,
plantation. Derry, Donegal and Cavan -The new king James I
were planted. confiscated their lands.
-County Derry was

given over to the -Many Scottish Presbyterians
-Servitors (men who had served control of the (converted by John Knox) came to
in the English army during the London Trade Ulster at this time. Like servitors,
Nine Years War) were awarded Guilds. It was they would not be driven from
land. renamed their land.

Londonderry.
-Tories (Gaelic Irish who lost
their land) were often forced to -Undertakers built stone
live as outlaws, scavenging for houses and bawns
(stone-walled defensive
food and attacking settlers. enclosures) to protect
themselves. E.g. Tully
Castle, Co. Fermanagh.
-The use of land changed -Towns such as Belfast

radically. and Omagh were built.
Towns offered planters
Before; pastoral farming (keeping greater protection.
sheep and cows)
After; arable farming (growing -Irish labourers continued to work the land as they had
crops like wheat and oats) done before the plantation, but land ownership had
changed.
-Flax became a popular crop.
Later during the industrial -The native population lost control of the land and this
revolution this attracted industry created a level of resentment that would grow over the
Miss Stout centuries.
to 19th century Ulster.
What impact did the Ulster Planation have on identity?
Identity means the characteristics that define a person or place. The Ulster Plantation had a distinct
impact on the identity of the area.
1. Two distinct identities emerged; unionist and nationalist.

 Unionist: many are Protestants and view themselves as British e.g. David Ames competed in Rio for
team GB. Unionist organisations include the DUP (political party) and Orange Order.
 Nationalist: many are Catholic and view themselves as Irish e.g. James McClean plays for ROI.
Nationalist groups include Sinn Féin, the GAA and the IRA (paramilitary group, uses violence to
achieve aims).
 However, many people in NI would view themselves as British and Ireland e.g., former rugby player
Trevor Ringland says there is an ability of those from NI to ‘move between different identities’.
2. Conflict has often arisen because of these different identities e.g. the 12th of July marches often end
up in violence. The Troubles were a 30 year period of violence in NI.
3. A new population of English or Scottish settlers settled in Ulster. Between 1690-98, 80,000 Scottish
settlers came to Ulster.
4. A new religion now dominated parts of Ulster as the new settlers were Presbyterian or Anglican.
5. Landownership changed from native Irish (Tories) to the new settlers. This often led to conflict e.g.
in 1641, 12,000 Protestants were killed.
6. New towns like Belfast and Coleraine were built. They had wide streets and a diamond shape in the
centre.
7. Planters introduced arable farming. They also grew flax.
8. Use of the Irish language declined.
9. English Common Law replaced Brehon Law.
How did the growth of towns influence identity on the island of Ireland?
Era Examples Features Impact on identity

Early Christian Kells Some monastic towns Promoted Christianity
Ireland became economic centres
e.g. Clonmacnoise
The Vikings Wexford, Cork, Built timber walls around Spoke Norse, some words like
Limerick, Dublin the settlement. Traded with 'market' (margadh) originate from
other European Viking Norse.
towns
The Normans Kilkenny, Trim Built on monastic sites or Used different language, laws and
near water. customs to Gaelic Irish in the
countryside.
Plantations Bandon, Killarney Wide streets, central Towns became a hub for English and
square/diamond Scottish culture,
18th century Kenmare, Wide streets crossed in an X Towns centered around the 'Big
Westport House' and the English landlord
system.
Miss Stout

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The Ulster Plantation and the growth of towns

The Nine Years War

-County Derry was

land. renamed their land.

-The use of land changed -Towns such as Belfast

1. Two distinct identities emerged; unionist and nationalist.

Era Examples Features Impact on identity

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