MODULE - 3

What is WWW
World Wide Web, which is also known as a Web, is a collection of websites or web pages
stored in web servers and connected to local computers through the internet. These websites
contain text pages, digital images, audios, videos, etc. Users can access the content of these
sites from any part of the world over the internet using their devices such as computers, laptops,
cell phones, etc. The WWW, along with internet, enables the retrieval and display of text and
media to your device.

What is Domain
A domain name is a unique, easy-to-remember address used to access websites, such as
‘google.com’, and ‘facebook.com’. Users can connect to websites using domain names.

When referring to an Internet address or name, a domain or domain name is the location of
a website. For example, the domain name "google.com" points to the IP
address "216.58.216.164". Generally, it's easier to remember a name rather than a long string
of numbers. A domain name contains a maximum of sixty three characters, with one character
minimum, and is entered after the protocol in the URL,

Https:// - Prefix
www. – Sub domain
Domain name- xyz
Extension - .com

Extension - There are many types of domain extensions you can choose for your domain
name.
This depends on your business nature.
1. Country Level – represents the country eg. In, .aus, .ca
2. Top level represents the organization eg. .gov, .org, .com, .edu, .co.in

● .com − Stands for company/commercial, but it can be used for any

website.
● .net − Stands for network and is usually used for a network of sites.
● .org − Stands for organization and is supposed to be for non-profit bodies.
● .us, .in − They are based on your country names so that you can go for
country specific domain extensions
● .biz − A newer extension on the Internet and can be used to indicate that
this site is purely related to business.
● .info − Stands for information. This domain name extension can be very
useful, and as a newcomer it's doing well.
● .tv − Stands for Television and are more appropriate for TV channel sites.
Domain name can be your name, your business name, your brand name, multiple
topics(skillsforyou), single topic(health,food), keyword based(digital marketing)
We can book domain name max for 1,3,5 or 10 years as per your requirements, and after the
completion we must renew our domain name on regular basis otherwise domain provider will
put it on sale. We can transfer our domain to other service providers.
HOW TO GET A DOMAIN NAME

When you plan to put a site online, this is one of the important steps to buy a domain
name. It is always not necessary that whatever domain name you are looking for is
available so in that case you will have to opt for any other good domain name. When
you buy a domain name it is registered and when domain names are registered they are
added to a large domain name register, and information about your site −
including your Internet IP address is stored on a DNS server and your contact
information etc. is registered with your registrar.

You can buy domain names from any domain registrar like GoDaddy , Hostinger ,
Bigrock, Hostgator Etc.

Domain Selection Tools:

https://www.brandroot.com/
https://www.namelix.com/

What are Sub-Domains

You can divide your domain into many sub domains based on your requirement. If you
are doing multiple businesses using the same domain, then it would be useful to have
sub-domains for every business. Following are examples of some sub-domains − You
must have seen google.com as a main domain but google has created many
subdomains based on their business. Some of them are as follows −
● adwords.google.com − This sub domain is being used for Google Ad words.
● groups.google.com − This sub domain is being used for Google Groups.
● images.google.com − This sub domain is being used for Google Images.

This way, you can present your different business sections in a very good segregated
way. It is not a big thing to create sub-domains. If you already have registered a
domain, then your registrar will provide you a way to create sub-domains. You may
need to talk to your registrar for more detail.

Domain flipping is a type of business where we sale / purchase domains.

HOSTING
A web hosting service is a type of internet hosting service that allows individuals and
organizations to make their websites accessible via World Wide Web. Without hosting
or server, you can’t access your domain live on internet.
We can book hosting for 1, 2,3 years as per our requirement, before completion we
must renew it to keep running our website.
Hosting includes different type of packages which include space, SSl, Virus and
malware protection and professional emails.
We can purchase domain and Hosting from same or different provider also.
When we purchase hosting, service provider gives us name server and control panel
details. Name server helps to link domain to hosting. If domain and hosting is from
same service provider, name server automatically updated, but it is from different
provider we have to do it manually.
Hosting Types

There are many options available and you can select any hosting type based on your
requirement and budget. Following are most widely used hosting types −

Shared Hosting

With shared hosting, your website is hosted on a powerful server along with other
websites. On a shared host, you will have your own user ID and password to login to
the shared host and you will be allowed to work in your work area. You would not be
able to touch any file or directory belonging to other host partners. Even you would not
know how many sites are hosted on your shared host. This type of hosting is very cost
effective and good for small websites where your space and speed are not very
important. Here traffic on one site will affect the speed of all other hosted sites.

Virtual Dedicated Hosting

This type of hosting is better for medium size businesses. With virtual dedicated\
hosting, you will have a dedicated bandwidth and dedicated RAM for your site. You will
be given a root ID and password to maintain your Web server. You will be the complete
owner of your virtual dedicated server and will be able to install or uninstall any
software. This type of hosting is created on a single server, but it is managed in such a
way that every user will have dedicated speed and bandwidth. This is a bit more
expensive but a really good one for a medium size business.

Dedicated Hosting

This type of hosting is very similar to virtual dedicated hosting, but here, a complete
machine will be allotted for you. They are more expensive than virtual dedicated hosting
and should be considered when you have a very high traffic requirement.

Hosting Components

When you buy a Web server space, then you should be clear about the following. You
should do a price comparison between different service providers based on the
following components −

Disc Space

A small or medium website will require between 10 and 100MB of disk space. If you
plan to keep a lot of audio and video on your website, then you need to plan to buy
more space. Before buying server space, you should check the options available to
expand your disc space if you need it in future.

Monthly Traffic

A small or medium website will need between 1GB and 10GB of data transfer on a
monthly basis. If you plan to keep a lot of audio and video on your website, then you
need a plan with more data transfer capacity. Check different options based on your
requirements. What are the other options available in case you cross the given data
transfer limit? Your site should not be stopped in case you exceed the given limit.

Processing Speed

If you are buying space on a shared machine, then you cannot guess how much speed
will be given to you. In that case, the only way is to see other hosted sites with the same
service provider to know about their hosting quality. But if you are buying a virtual
dedicated server or dedicated server, then you should consider how much RAM is being
allocated to you. Your pricing will depend on the given processing power to you.

Connection Speed

Nowadays, most service providers allow very fast connection speeds. So choose
aservice provider who is giving better connection speed in terms of bits per second. You
can have a connection speed ranging from 64Kb per second to 2.488Gb per second.

Email Accounts
Make sure you are going to get a sufficient number of email accounts. There are many
other options available which come along with your email account. Like, will you get
IMAP, POP and E-mail Forwarding options available along with your e-mail facilities.

Emailing Support

Apart from having email accounts, it is also very important that your web server should
have a facility to send emails from the back-end. In case your site visitors want to
contact you using a form, then you will be able to use that emailing facility to send
e-mails to your designated account. In simple terms, you should make sure that the
SMTP Server is set up and working on your Web server.

Latest Technologies

You should make sure that your web server is equipped with all the latest technologies.
It should have the latest version support for PHP, PERL, ASP and JAVA, etc.

Databases

There are many databases available MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, etc. You should
choose your server based on your database requirement. If you are buying space on a
shared server, then you need to verify how much space will be allocated for your
database. Many ISPs do not give more than a limited space for databases. If your site
needs a lot of database size, then you should go for a virtual dedicated server.

Server Uptime

It is important that you buy a web server from a reliable and reputed ISP. You should
make sure your ISP is giving you 99.99% server uptime. If the server is down, then
there are many service providers who give you compensation in case your site goes
down more than a limited number of times.

Backup & FTP

Make sure your Service Provider is giving you more ways of taking regular backup of
your website. If your site is changing everyday, then it becomes very important that you
take regular backup of your website. Many service providers do it on your behalf by
charging a small cost for this service.

Control Panel ( Cpanel)

Just make sure what type of facilities you will get to maintain your hosting account.
Check if your service provider is providing you an easy-to-use Control Panel or some
other similar tool. Using a Control Panel, you should be able to maintain basic
operations related to your website such as logging your service request, your reboot
request, or any other problem.

Customer Support

Before finalizing a deal with your service provider, you should make sure they provide
you the required support. You can get this information using Internet forums or from
your friends. There are many service providers who give you 24x7 support for any
technical or non-technical problem.

What is SSL
SSL is secure socket layer. It is an extra layer of security on our website. If we have SSL then
our website will be secure on internet. As a Google guidelines SSL is mandatory for all
websites.

Once we purchase Domain and Hosting, we must link both of them by name server, then we
have to login to the control panel. After login we must first activate SSL then we must install
WordPress.

What is a CMS Platform?

Are you wondering what CMS platform to use for building your website?

A CMS (Content Management System) platform lets you easily create a website without
understanding any code (at least for most of them). There are lots of CMS options
available, which means you might struggle to choose the best CMS for your needs.

A CMS platform (content management system platform) is a piece of software that

allows you to easily manage content and create a website.

Normally, web pages are written in HTML, JavaScript, and CSS programming
languages. If you were to build a website without a CMS platform, then you would need
to learn these languages and write a lot of code.

CMS platforms solve this problem by allowing you to make a website without writing
code or learning programming.

Unless of course, you’re looking for a developer-friendly CMS which means you already
know how to code.
How to Choose the Best CMS Platform for Your Website
There are lots of different CMS platforms out there, so which one should you pick?
Before you we jump to our CMS platform comparison, here is what you should look for
in a good CMS.

Ease of use

You want a CMS that makes it easy for you to create and edit content. This often means
having a drag and drop interface, so you can add different elements on your pages.

It should be quick and straightforward for you to make changes to the content on your
site after publishing it.

Design options

Your CMS software should offer you plenty of website design templates to choose from.
It should also allow you to easily customize those designs to your own requirements
(ideally without writing code).

Data portability

A great CMS platform should have tools for you to easily export your data and move it
elsewhere.

For instance, you may later decide to choose a different platform or a different hosting
company. Data portability makes it easier for you to move around with complete
freedom.

Extensions and addons

Not all websites are the same. This is why it is impossible for any CMS platform to come
with all the features that would fulfill requirements for every website.

Extensions and addons fix that problem. These are separate software that you can just
install on your CMS software to extend its features and add new ones when needed.
Think of them as apps for your CMS platform.

Help and support options

Although CMS platforms aim to make building a website as straightforward as possible,
you still might have some questions. Find out what help and support is available if you
get stuck.

Some CMS providers will have a handful of FAQs and a customer service team that’s
painfully slow to respond. Others will have a big supportive community that can help you
any time of the day or night.

How much does it cost?

Some CMS platforms are completely free. Others charge a monthly fee. Even with free
CMS platforms, you’ll often need to pay for third-party extensions, designs, and/or web
hosting services.

WordPress.org is our number one choice for the best CMS platform. It’s the world’s
most popular CMS software, and it powers around 43% of all websites on the internet.

It’s important to not confuse WordPress.org with WordPress.com. WordPress.org is a

free open source CMS originally designed for blogging, but now it’s used by all sorts of
websites / online stores. WordPress.com is a blog hosting platform.

WordPress.org Benefits

With WordPress.org, you have full control of your website. You are free to do anything you want
and customize it as much as you need.
 The WordPress software is free, open-source, and super easy to use. WordPress is used by
over 43% of all websites on the internet (See why is WordPress free?).
 You own your website and all its data. Your site will NOT be turned off because someone
decides that it is against their terms of service (as long as you are not doing something
illegal). You are in full control.
 You can add free, paid, and custom WordPress plugins / apps to your website.
 You can use customize your website design as needed. You can add any free or premium
WordPress theme that you want. You can also create completely custom designs or modify
anything that you want.
 You can actually make money from your WordPress site by running your own ads without
sharing revenue with anyone.
 You can use powerful tools like Google Analytics for custom analytics and tracking.
 You can use self-hosted WordPress to create an online store to sell digital or physical
products, accept credit card payments, and deliver / ship the goods directly from your
website.
 You can also create membership sites and sell memberships for premium content, courses,
etc and build an online community around your website.
WordPress.org Cons

There are a very few cons of using the self-hosted WordPress.org site.
 Like all websites, you will need web hosting. This is where your website files are stored on
the internet. Initially, the cost is around $3-$10 per month. However as your website grows
and gets more traffic, the web hosting plan costs will increase as expected, but then you
would be making enough money to cover the costs.
 You will need to install WordPress. Luckily most popular WordPress hosting companies offer
1-click WordPress installation options. You can also follow our comprehensive tutorial on
how to properly install WordPress.
 You are responsible for updates. You can easily update your WordPress site by simply
clicking on the update button (one-click), so it’s not too much work.
 You are responsible for backups. Thankfully, there are tons of WordPress backup
plugins that let you setup automatic backups.

WordPress.com vs WordPress.org Comparison

With WordPress.org, you have full control of your website. You are free to do anything you want
and customize it as much as you need.
WordPress.com is a hosting service created by Automattic, the company led by WordPress co-
founder, Matt Mullenweg. Because of the same founder, often users confuse WordPress.com
with the popular WordPress.org software.

WordPress.com vs WordPress.org – Which is Better?

If you are a personal blogger, and you don’t care about making money from your
website, then go with the free WordPress.com.

If you are a business or a blogger that wants to make money from your site, then we
recommend using the self-hosted WordPress.org. It gives you the freedom and flexibility
to grow your website the way you want.

Can I move from WordPress.com to WordPress.org?

Often new users who don’t know the difference between WordPress.com vs WordPress.org end
up starting with the free WordPress.com service.
Yes, you can definitely switch from WordPress.com to WordPress.org and fairly easily move all
of your content.
What Kinds Of Websites Can WordPress Make?

Many years ago, WordPress was primarily a tool to create a blog, rather than more
traditional websites. That hasn’t been true for a long time, though.
Nowadays, thanks to changes to the core code, as well as WordPress’ massive
ecosystem of plugins and themes, you can create any type of
website with WordPress. For example, not only does WordPress power a huge number
of business sites and blogs, it’s also the most popular way to create an E-Commerce
store as well! With WordPress, you can create:

● Business websites [ Eg. Service Business ]

● Brochure and Catalogue Websites

● E-Commerce Websites [ Eg. Product Business ]

● Non-Profit Websites [ NGO ]

● Educational Websites [ School , College]

● Business Directory Websites [ Just dial, Sulekha etc.]

● Portal Websites [ Banking, universities, Airlines]

● Search Engine Websites [Google.com, Bing.com]

● Crowd funding Websites [ To Collect Fund from Public]

● Portfolio Websites [For Artist ]

● Informational Websites [ for knowledge]

● Social Media Websites

● New / Magazines Websites [ Travel, food, Lifestyle ]

● Photo sharing Websites

● Entertainment Websites

● Blog Websites

● …pretty much anything else you can dream up.

What to Put on Your Website?

What you would have on your website totally depends on your business and the nature
of your website. Here is a list of pages that you might want to create for your website.

● Attractive Home Page: Always required for every website.

● List of Product and Services along with complete detail.

● Complete Pricing Information.

● About your company and nature of business including your achievements.

● About your staff and if possible their experience.

● Your complete contact information.

● Frequently Asked Questions.

● Success Stories and Feedback from Customers.

● Privacy Policies

Finally, make your site useful and interesting for your customers. Your site visitors are
your customers and they should find each and everything they are looking for.
Customer satisfaction should be your prime concern.

How to Design Your Website?

You should not simply start developing your website, otherwise you will end up with a
bogus website. First, you should put a complete plan and your design on a paper or in
an electronic document. In this section, we have listed out a few points which can help
you to design a better website −

● Consider what technology you are going to use to develop your website. Adopt one
which gives you better flexibility and rapid development opportunities and then design
it accordingly.

● Design a generic framework so that in future you can enhance and modify your
website by putting minimal effort.

● Design a site to keep required performance in mind. If you are designing a database
driven website then a lot of effort has to be put into designing
good database schemas.

● Keep your design as simple as possible so that any new developer should become
familiar with your design as soon as possible.

● Identify repeatable components of your website and then keep them separate and try
to use them wherever possible.

● Identify the nature and qualification of your site visitors and give importance to look
and feel accordingly.

● Think from the perspective of a site visitor. If you were a visitor, then how would you
like to see this website? If the same site belongs to somebody
else, then would you like to spend some time on such a site?

● You should create a search engine friendly website. Once again....your presentation
should be unique and attractive, otherwise there are a
lot of websites available on the Internet and it will be difficult for you to retain a site
visitor for more than a minute.

How to Make a Website Interactive?

Many statistics show that if you are able to retain your site visitors for a long time, then
they do bigger shopping and visit the site again and again.
So make sure you have done something for your site visitors to do on your website.
Offering a lot of quality information can serve as a great magnet for visitors. Here is a
list of some interactive tools that you can add to your website without any programming
skills or incurring any costs −

● Poll
● Forum
● Guest book
● Chat room
● Greeting cards
● Tell-a-friend about this site
● Feedback form
● Live customer service
● Daily joke or daily cartoon
● Daily news headlines
● Site Search Engine
● Mailing List
● Automated Frequently Asked Questions
● The list can go on and on, depending on what will attract your type of visitors.

How to Create a Search Engine Friendly Website?

It is very important to make your website search friendly, otherwise you will be away
from a large chunk of your customer base which comes from search engines like
Google and yahoo. Search Engine Optimization strongly recommend as you start
developing your website.

What is Wordpress Theme and Plugins Basically !

Themes alter your site’s layout and visual style, while plugins add all kinds offeatures
and functionality. While there’s some overlap in those definitions, it’sbest to choose a
theme based on how you want your site to look, and then add on features via plugins as
needed