Unit-5

Web Hosting
and
Web Publishing
Syllabus
Creating the Web Site, Saving the site, working on the
web site, Creating web site structure, Creating Titles
for web pages, Themes-Publishing web sites.
Introduction

 A common Internet service is web hosting

 Web hosting means storing your web site on a public server
 Web hosting normally includes email services
 Web hosting often includes domain name registration
Introduction
Website
 A website can be defined as a collection of several webpages that are all related
to each other and can be accessed by visiting a homepage, using a browser like
Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Google Chrome or Opera.

Web development
 Web development is basically the tasks associated with developing websites for
hosting via intranet or internet. The web development process involves web
design, web content development, client-side/server-side scripting and network
security configuration.
What is Web Hosting?
 Web hosting is a service that allows organizations and individuals to post a website or web page
onto the Internet.
 A web host, or web hosting service provider, is a business that provides the technologies and
services needed for the website or webpage to be viewed in the Internet.
 Websites are hosted, or stored, on special computers called servers. When Internet users want
to view your website, all they need to type your website address or domain into their browser.
Their computer will then connect to your server and your webpages will be delivered to them
through the browser.
 Most hosting companies require that you own your domain in order to host with them. If you do
not have a domain, the hosting companies will help you to purchae.
Definition
 Web Hosting: Web Hosting, as the name suggests, is a type of internet hosting that allows one
to make their website available to users through WWW using the internet. It simply provides
space to the website on a web server so that files or data of the website can be stored. It is the
best way to increase the growth of business and user experience.  

 Web Publishing: Web Publishing, as the name suggests, is the process of creating a website and
placing it on the webserver, and published content may include text, images, videos, and other
types of media. Its main aim is to facilitate communication simply by adding context through
style, emotion, and space. It is also known as online publishing.
 Hosting your website on your own server could be much expensive.
 Buying a server space or renting a complete server from an Internet Service
Provider (ISP) is the most widely used option.
 Some of the web host providers are
BigRock
Hostinger
Bluehost
GreenGeeks
DreamHost
WPX
GoDaddy 
How to Setup a Website?
 A website is composed of several elements and while setting up a website, you
would have to take care of each of them.
 To set up a website and make it live, you should first purchase a hosting plan.
 Select a domain name for this website.
 Point the DNS records to the server or the hosting provider.
 Develop the content that you want to publish on the website.
 Check if you need to purchase a public certificate and install it.
 Publish the webpage on the Internet.
Domain Name Registration

 This is one of the important steps to buy a domain name.

 A domain is the name of your website. It has to be unique and convey the brand of your
business.
 The easiest way to search and register a domain is to go to a domain registrar.
 A domain registrar like GoDaddy, will let you register your domain name either through yearly
contracts or a long-term contract.
 When you buy a domain name it is registered and when domain names are registered they are
added to a large domain name register, and information about your site − including your
Internet IP address is stored on a DNS server and your contact information etc. is registered with
your registrar.
Some of the biggest registrars where you can register your domain are given
below −
 GoDaddy - with the URL https://uk.godaddy.com
 Name – with the URL https://www.name.com/
 iPage – with URL https://www.ipage.com
 BlueHost – with URL https://www.bluehost.com/
 Hostgator – with URL https://www.hostgator.com/
Tools for web hosting

The following tools and infrastructure will help you in developing a Website 
1. Computer Machine
2. Internet Connection
3. A Web Server - need one Web Server to keep all the files related to your
Website.
4. A Text Editor
5. A Web Browser
6. Secure FTP client
Methods

There are three ways to make a website:

 Creating from scratch
 Using a content management system (CMS)
 Using a website builder
Creating a website from scratch

 Required knowledge about HTML, CSS, Scripting languages, database.

1.Setup a local working environment
 create a web development environment on your computer device by installing an
IDE (Integrated Development Environment). An IDE basically consists of a Text
Editor, a Build Automation and a Debugger.
 Eg-Visual studio code, Sublime text, Atom, Adobe Dreamweaver.
2. Plan and Design your website using HTMl,CSS and make it dynamic using
javascript
3. Upload Local Files to the Server using FTP Client
 First, download an FTP client on your computer device and connect it to your
web server using an FTP account. After you have successfully connected it to
the FTP account, copy all your local files to the root of your web directory.
Some good FTP clients are FileZilla, WinSCP and Cyberduck.
Creating a website with CMS

 Required knowledge about HTML, CSS, and PHP and Tools like WordPress,
Joomla,Drupal
 WordPress is a free and open-source content management system written in
PHP and paired with a MySQL .
 It is a software application that makes it easy to create and manage online
contents.
 Most of the tools are open-source and free to use.
Step-by-step website creation process using WordPress
Step1. Find the WordPress installer in your web hosting panel
 Web hosting services usually feature a quick installer for installing WordPress and
other common platforms.
 So login to your web hosting account and find out which installer you have. The
popular names you should search for are Softaculous, QuickInstall, or Fantastico.
Step 2: Install WordPress through the installer
 Softaculous is the most popular auto installer and it is featured on cPanel. I will
walk you through the installation via Softculous. The other installers are pretty
much the same.
Step 3: Install a theme and some important plugins
 Next, you have to install a theme and the must-required plugins. Have a look
at the left sidebar of your WordPress Dashboard.
Step 4: Then you are ready to use the website.
Creating a website using website builder

 A website builder is a one-stop solution platform to create websites quickly

and simply. While a CMS can significantly simplify website creation, website
builders are even easier to use. Some examples of website builders are Zyro
, Squarespace, and Weebly.
 Basic knowledge of computer and Internet
 Tools are: Zyro, Wix and Weebly
 Site builders have made it effortless and instant to setup a website
 They offer Drag & Drop website builders which require zero coding
knowledge.
Saving the website
 Open the webpage that you want to save.
 Press Ctrl+S (PC)
 Select a location to save the page
 Choose a saving format. The options for saving the page vary depending on the
browser you're using:
Chrome and Edge:
Webpage, single file creates one file (with the .mthml file extension) that contains the current
page's contents and images. This is a great choice to capture everything at once.
Webpage, complete also downloads the entire webpage, but places all images into a separate
folder.
Webpage, HTML only saves the HTML code, which doesn't include any images—just the raw code,
which you can use as reference for your own webpages.

 Now open the saved webpage.

Working of website
 A user enters a URL into a browser (for example, Google.com. This request is
passed to a domain name server.
 The domain name server returns an IP address for the server that hosts the
Website (for example, 68.178.157.132).
 The browser requests the page from the Web server using the IP address specified
by the domain name server.
 The Web server returns the page to the IP address specified by the browser
requesting the page. The page may also contain links to other files on the same
server, such as images, which the browser will also request.
 The browser collects all the information and displays to your computer in the form
of Web page.
Website structure
 A site structure is how the different pages on your site are linked with each other
using internal links and their hierarchy. It is how the information on your site is
organized and presented so that it is easy to read its context well.
 Good website structure facilitates easy navigation for both users and crawlers which
improves the SEO (Search engine optimization) ranking of your website in search
engines.
Steps to create a website structure

1. Plan out a hierarchy before you develop your website.

 A “hierarchy” is nothing more than a way to organize your information —
something that is simple and makes sense. Your hierarchy will also become your
navigation and your URL structure, so everything important begins here.
 Generally, a site hierarchy looks like this:
There are a few features of hierarchy that you should keep in mind.
 Make your hierarchy logical. 
 Keep the number of main categories between two and seven.
 Try to balance the number of subcategories within each category.
A site hierarchy is the beginning point for a great site structure.

2. Create a URL structure that follows your navigation hierarchy.

 The second main element in developing strong site structure is your URL
structure. If you’ve logically thought through your hierarchy, this shouldn’t be
too difficult. Your URL structure follows your hierarchy.
Example – site structure
 So, let’s see the example hierarchy looks like this:

 The URL structure for the Chinatown location would look like this:
www.kimsrestaurant.com/locations/chinatown
 Your URL structure will be organized according to your site hierarchy. This
means, obviously, that your URLs will have real words (not symbols) and
appropriate keyword coverage.
3. Create your site navigation in HTML or CSS.
 When you create your navigation, keep the coding simple. HTML and CSS are your
safest approach. Coding in JavaScript, Flash, and AJAX will limit the crawler’s
ability to cover your site’s well-thought-out navigation and hierarchy.

4. Use a shallow depth navigation structure.

 Your navigation structure will obviously follow your site hierarchy. Make sure the
pages, especially important ones, aren’t buried too deep within the site. Shallow
sites work better, both from a usability and crawler perspective
 A shallow website (that is, one that requires three or fewer clicks to reach
every page) is far more preferable than a deep website (which requires lengthy
strings of clicks to see every page on your site).
5. Create a header that lists your main navigation pages.
 Your top header should list out your main pages. Use a very simple top
navigational footer with minimal subcategories.

6. Develop a comprehensive internal linking structure.

 Internal linking puts meat on the bones of a logical site hierarchy. 
 There are some reasons why the internal linking are important:
 They allow users to navigate a website.
 They help establish information hierarchy for the given website.
 They help spread link (ranking power) around websites.
 Each of these is directly tied to creating a tight-knit and well-integrated site structure.
 There’s no need to get complicated with internal linking.
 Internal linking tells the search engines what pages are important and how to get
there. The more internal linking you have across all pages, the better.
7. Create a Sitemap For Your Website
 If you have done all of that, you can plan out the sitemap too. It’s basically all of
your website’s pages in one file that gets constantly updated.
 It also helps search engine to index your pages faster

Thus, the best time to develop a strong site stricture is before you create your site.
However, if you’re redesigning your site, you can rework the design and reorganize
some navigational elements to improve structural SEO.
Creating Titles for web pages

Website title
 A web page title, or title tag, is the value you assign the <title> tag that’s
typically appear on top of an HTML/XHTML document inside the <head> tag. A
website title is useful for both users and search engines.

 Web titles are one of the most powerful on-site search engine ranking factors
that you have control over. The title of your page is the entry point to your site,
much like the storefront of your business. A poorly written web title can actually
push people away from your website, and vice versa, a killer title can attract
more visitors can boost your site ranking.
Creating Titles for web pages

 Good page titles can increase traffic and qualify your visitors.
 A Web page's title has two main functions:
1. To explain what the page contains, and
2. To promote keywords or phrases and thus increase and qualify traffic.
 A page's title is the most important part of what makes a user click a link in a
list of search results.
Website title - Example

On your website, the title shows up in the tab at the top of the browser.
Common mistakes with web page titles
1. Not having a title
There are lots of websites that do not have a title or “Untitled Document” are
named as default

2. Too short or too long page title

Google can display up to 50-60 characters in the search result page

3. Keyword Cannibalization
 keyword-stuffing or keyword cannibalization is used by a few SEO consultants to
improve their SEO rankings. If you have multiple pages competing for the same
(or very similar) keywords/keyword clusters, you are in the trap of keyword
cannibalization.
Cannibalization means:
 You are diminishing the Authority of your page
 You are diluting links and anchor text
 You are squandering your crawl budget
 Search Engine may devalue the more relevant page
 Your page quality is poor
 Your conversion rate will suffer

4. Using the company/site name in all of your web page titles

 It would be much more better to locate your company name in the home page or
contact page, but avoid them in the content page if it is too long.
5. Duplicate web page titles
 Two or more pages with the exact similar content and page title, but having
different URLs
 Two or more pages with similar page titles but having different content on the
pages
 The news archive has pagination pages that all have the same title.
Steps for Writing Title Tags
1. Write unique titles for every page.
 Having a clear and accurate title helps both search engines and online users
understand what your content is about. Remember that authenticity and
uniqueness are crucial to SEO title optimization.
2. Pay attention to length.
 you should aim for the title tags that are about 50 characters or less.
3. Use your target keyword properly (but don’t overdo it).
Since Google’s algorithm uses the title tag as one of the main ways to determine
what a page is about, it’s a good opportunity for you to include the main
keyword or keywords you’re targeting for that page. That makes it clear to Google
that this page is relevant for anyone searching for that specific term.
4. Be descriptive of what’s on the page.
 your web title can show an accurate description of what people will see from
your page, you can lower the website bounce rate and keep customers stay on
your site longer. This results in a better shopping experience, making people
want to come back for more.
 You can use words like HOW, WHY, WHAT, and WHERE to give more meanings to
your page title.

5. Make a (brief) case for what’s on the page.

 Make sure you really think about what on the page is most valuable or important
to your target audience. Your title tag should emphasize the value your page
provides to them.

Title Tags: Short, but Powerful

Online Tools for Checking Your Title Tags

 SEMrush Site Audit — This SEMrush tool checks will help you identify problems on
the website, while also showing you duplicate titles or meta descriptions on the
website. You will also see pages that are missing title tags. 
 Content Audit — This tool provides a table to analyze the content from a written
text perspective as opposed to a technical SEO perspective like the Site Audit
tool. After this tool has crawled the site, you can export the report to XLSX and
have a file with all of the existing pages along with their titles and meta
descriptions.
 Yoast Plugin for WordPress – This plugin checks your on-page SEO, offers
suggestions for page titles and descriptions, and even features a snippet editor to
test out how your result will look in Google.
Summary – creating tiles for website
 Keep titles about 55-60 characters long
 Use target keywords in titles.
 Describe your page content in the best possible way.
 Use words like HOW, WHY, WHAT, and WHERE - help people understand what
they will find on the page.
 Use words like BEST, REVIEW, and ULTIMATE - entice users to click. 
 Write unique titles, no duplicates!
 Use your company name or brand wisely.
 Keep it simple.
 Themes-Publishing web sites

 A theme changes the design of your website, often including its layout.
Changing your theme changes how your site looks on the front-end, i.e. what
a visitor sees when they browse to your site on the web.
 There are thousands of free WordPress themes in the 
WordPress.org Theme Directory, though many WordPress sites use custom
themes.
 A theme is a zipped folder with a group of files, including a set of page
templates written in the PHP programming language combined with some CSS
stylesheets.
 Themes customize the appearance of your site, including the layout,
typography, color, and other design elements.
 When you first create a WordPress site, it will come with a default theme
 installed. You can change the theme in WordPress to match your needs and
industry.
 Choosing the right theme can make your website more attractive, easier to
use, and improve visitor engagement.
What the themes do?

 Themes take the content and data stored by WordPress and display it in the
browser. When you create a WordPress theme, you decide how that content
looks and is displayed. There are many options available to you when building
your theme. For example:
 Your theme can have different layouts, such as static or responsive, using one column
or two.
 Your theme can display content anywhere you want it to be displayed.
 Your theme can specify which devices or actions make your content visible.
 Your theme can customize its typography and design elements using CSS.
 Other design elements like images and videos can be included anywhere in your theme.
steps to follow for choosing a theme for
website
 Make a list of the features you want ahead of time
 Don't choose a bloated theme.
 choose a responsive theme.
 keep color in mind.
 consider buying a premium theme.
 Don't choose a theme with a font that's hard to read.
 test the theme thoroughly.
How Does WordPress Theme Work?

 A WordPress theme is a folder of files that work together to create the design of
your site. A theme includes template files, stylesheets, images, and possibly
JavaScript files. All those files change how your blog posts and pages are
displayed.
 Changing your WordPress theme won’t necessarily change your blog content, 
pages, users, or other information stored in your database. Your theme only
changes how all that information is displayed to your website visitors.
 There are thousands of free and premium WordPress themes available for you to
use.
There are three ways that you can install a WordPress theme:
 choose one from WordPress theme directory,
 upload a custom / premium WordPress,
 or add a new theme using FTP.
References
 https://www.webhostingsecretrevealed.net/blog/web-hosting-guides/make-a-w
ebsite
/
 https://neilpatel.com/blog/site-structure-enhance-seo/
 https://nomiscomwebdesign.eu/how-to-plan-a-website-structure/#What-is-the-
Website-structure
 https://www.dreamhost.com/wordpress/guide-to-developing-a-wp-theme/
 https://blog.templatetoaster.com/create-wordpress-theme-scratch/
 https://vegibit.com/wordpress-theme-development-tutorial-step-by-step/
 https://websitesetup.org/wordpress-theme-development/
 https://wplift.com/how-to-make-a-wordpress-theme
 https://
www.wisdomjobs.com/e-university/web-hosting-interview-questions.html