B Sc.

(Hons) Chemistry

(with Chemistry as the Core Discipline)

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE - 10(DSC-10): Coordination Chemistry

and Reaction Mechanism

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-

& Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria requisite
Practice
of the
course
(if any)
Coordination 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Chemistry with
and Reaction Physics,
Mechanism Chemistry,
(DSC-10: Mathematics
Inorganic
Chemistry -
IV)
Learning Objectives

The Objectives of this course are as follows:

• To familiarize the students with coordination compounds which find manifold

applications in diverse areas.
• To acquaint the student with the concept of Inorganic reaction mechanism.
Learning Outcomes

By studying this course, the students will be able to:

• Explain the terms- ligand, denticity of ligands, chelate, coordination number and use
standard rules to name coordination compounds.
• Discuss the various types of isomerism possible in such compounds.
• Use Valence Bond Theory to predict the structure and magnetic behaviour of metal
complexes and understand the terms inner and outer orbital complexes.
• Explain the meaning of the terms ∆o, ∆t, pairing energy, CFSE, high spin and low spin
complexes and how CFSE affects thermodynamic properties like lattice enthalpy and
hydration enthalpy.

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 • Explain magnetic properties and colour of complexes on the basis of Crystal Field
Theory.
• Explain the reaction mechanism of coordination compounds and differentiate between
kinetic and thermodynamic stability.

SYLLABUS OF DSC-10
Unit-1: Coordination Chemistry (Lectures: 28)

Werner’s Coordination theory, simple problems based on this theory

IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds
(coordination numbers 4 and 6). Valence bond theory and its application to complexes of
coordination numbers 4 and 6.
Crystal field theory, measurement of ∆o. Calculation of CFSE in weak and strong fields,
concept of pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of ∆o. Octahedral vs. tetrahedral
coordination, tetragonal distortions from octahedral geometry: Jahn-Teller theorem, square
planar geometry. Qualitative aspect of Ligand field and MO Theory (for octahedral σ-donor,
π- acceptor and π- donor complexes).
Unit-2: Stability of complexes and Inorganic Reaction Mechanism: (Lectures: 17)
Brief discussion of thermodynamic and kinetic stability, Factors affecting stability of
complexes, such as chelate effect, macrocyclic effect, resonance effect etc., trends in step
wise formation constant, interpretation of lability and inertness based on VBT and CFT.
Introduction to inorganic reaction mechanisms, concept of reaction pathways, transition state,
intermediate and activated complex. Substitution reactions in square planar complexes,
factors affecting the rate of Substitution reactions in square planar complexes- such as charge
effect, solvent effect and Trans- effect (Theories of trans-effect).
Practical component
Practical: Credits: 01
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 2 hours each)
(A) Argentometry
Estimation of Cl ̅
(i) By Mohr’s method
(ii) By Vohlard’s method and
(iii) By Fajan’s method
(B) Complexometric Titrations:
(i) Complexometric estimation of Mg2+/ Zn2+ using EDTA
(ii) Estimation of total hardness of water samples
(iii) Estimation of Ca2+ in solution by substitution method
(iv) Estimation of Ca/Mg in drugs or biological samples.

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(C) Properties of Complexes
Synthesis of ammine complexes of Ni(II) and its ligand exchange reactions (e.g. bidentate
ligands like acetylacetone, dimethyl glyoxime, glycine) by substitution method.
Essential/recommended readings

Theory:
1. Atkins, P.W.; Overton, T.L.; Rourke, J.P.; Weller, M.T.; Armstrong, F.A. (2010),
Shriver and Atkins Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press.
2. Miessler, G.L.; Fischer P.J.; Tarr, D. A. (2014), Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition,
Pearson.
3. Huheey, J.E.; Keiter, E.A.; Keiter; R. L.; Medhi, O.K. (2009), Inorganic Chemistry-
Principles of Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education.
4. Pfennig, B. W. (2015), Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons.
5. Cotton, F.A.; Wilkinson, G.(1999), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley-VCH.
6. Sodhi G.S. (2018), Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Viva Books India.

Practicals:
1. Jeffery, G.H.; Bassett, J.; Mendham, J.; Denney, R.C. (1989), Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, John Wiley and Sons,
2. Harris, D. C.; Lucy, C. A. (2016), Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 9th Edition,
Freeman and Company.
3. Day, R. A.; Underwood, A. L. (2012), Quantitative Analysis, Sixth Edition, PHI
Learning Private Limited.
4. Marr, G.; Rockett, B.W. (1972), Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Van Nostrand
Reinhold.

Note: Examination scheme and mode shall be as prescribed by the Examination

Branch, University of Delhi, from time to time.

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 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE -11 (DSC-11): Carbohydrates, Lipids and
Heterocyclic Compounds

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-

& Code course criteria requisite of
Lecture Tutorial Practical/ the course
Practice (if any)
Carbohydra 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
tes, Lipids with
and Hetero Physics,
cyclic Chemistry
Compounds
(DSC-11,
Organic
Chemistry
IV)
Learning Objectives

The Objectives of this course are as follows:

• To familiarize students with the chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, and heterocyclic
compounds
• To enable students to develop novel, efficient, convenient, selective and
environmentally benign synthetic methods for synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.

Learning outcomes

By studying this course, the students will be able to:

• Describe uses and applications carbohydrates, lipids and heterocycles
• Use the knowledge gained from study of carbohydrates, lipids and heterocycles to
propose greener and better synthetic routes.
• Use the chemistry and biology of carbohydrates, lipids and heterocycles to better serve
the mankind.

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SYLLABUS OF DSC-11

Unit-1: Carbohydrates & Lipids (Lectures: 24)

Monosaccharides: Constitution and absolute configuration of glucose and fructose, epimers
and anomers, mutarotation, determination of ring size of glucose and fructose, Haworth
projection and conformational structures; Interconversion of aldoses and ketoses; Killiani-
Fischer synthesis and Ruff degradation; Linkage between monosaccharides: Comparative
study of the structure of disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose) and polysaccharides (starch,
cellulose and glycogen) excluding their structure elucidation. Reactions of disaccharides-
reducing property, hydrolysis, methylation and acetylation.
Lipids: Introduction to lipids, classification. Oils and fats: Common fatty acids present in oils
and fats, Omega-3&6 fatty acids, trans fats, hydrogenation, hydrolysis, acid value,
saponification value, iodine number. Biological importance of triglycerides, phospholipids,
glycolipids, and steroids (cholesterol).
Unit-2: Heterocyclic Compounds (Lectures:21)
Classification and nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds (containing only one hetero atom).
Structure, aromaticity in 5-membered and 6-membered rings containing one heteroatom;
Basicity and relative reactivity towards electrophilic substitution reactions (amongst five
membered and six membered rings.
General methods of synthesis for: furan, thiophene, pyrrole (Paal-Knorr synthesis, Hantzsch
synthesis), pyridine (Hantzsch synthesis), indole (Fischer Indole synthesis), quinoline (Skraup
synthesis, Friedlander’s synthesis, Knorr quinoline synthesis, Doebner-Miller synthesis)
Properties: Physical properties, discussion on the following reaction (with mechanism) for
furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole and quinoline: Electrophilic substitution- nitration,
sulphonation, halogenation, formylation, acylation, mercuration and carboxylation. Oxidation,
reduction, addition, reactions showing acidic /basic character, reaction with diazonium salts,
ring opening, ring expansion and nucleophilic substitution reaction wherever applicable should
be discussed.
Practical: Credits: 01
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 2 hours each)
1. Estimation of sugars by using Fehling solution.
2. Functional group tests for amine, nitro and amides.
3. Determination of saponification value of the given oil.
4. Determination of iodine number of the given oil.
5. Systematic qualitative analysis of the given organic compounds containing monofunctional
groups (carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates and esters) and preparation
of one suitable derivative.
Essential/recommended readings

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Theory:
1. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., Stryer, L. (2019), Biochemistry, 9th Edition W.H. Freeman
and Co.
2. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M., Lehninger, A.L. (2017), Principles of Biochemistry. W.H.
Freeman and Co., International Edition.
3. Morrison, R. N., Boyd, R. N., Bhattacharjee, S.K. (2010), Organic Chemistry, 7th
Edition, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd., Pearson Education.
4. Parashar, R.K., Negi, B. (2016) Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Ane Books
Pvt Ltd.
5. Kuashik, S., Singh, A. (2023), Biomolecules: From Genes to Proteins, Ist Edition,
Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
6. Finar, I.L., (2012), Organic Chemistry Volume 1, 6th Edition, Pearson Education.
7. Singh J, Awasthi S K, Singh J, Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, Pragati
Prakashan Meerut.
Practical:

1. Vogel, A.I. (2012), Quantitative Organic Analysis, Part 3, Pearson Education.

2. Mann, F.G., Saunders, B.C. (2009), Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education.
3. Ahluwalia, V.K., Dhingra, S. (2004), Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:
Qualitative Analysis, University Press.
4. Ahluwalia, V.K., Aggarwal, R. (2004), Comprehensive Practical Organic
Chemistry: Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press
5. Pasricha, S., Chaudhary, A. (2021), Practical Organic Chemistry: Volume–I, I K
International Publishing house Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
6. Pasricha, S., Chaudhary, A. (2021), Practical Organic Chemistry: Volume–II, I K
International Publishing house Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
Note: Examination scheme and mode shall be as prescribed by the Examination
Branch, University of Delhi, from time to time.

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 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE-12 (DSC-12): Electrochemical Cells,
Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title & Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-

Code course criteria requisite
Lecture Tutorial Practical/ of the
Practice course
(if any)
Electrochemical 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Cells, Chemical with
Kinetics and Physics,
Catalysis Chemistry,
(DSC-12, Mathematics
Physical
Chemistry IV)
Learning Objectives
The Objectives of this course are as follows:
• To provide a detailed understanding about galvanic cells and their types
• To explain the applications of galvanic cells and EMF measurements.
• To get an understanding of the kinetics of simple and complex chemical reactions
• To give basic concept about catalysts and enzymes.
• To teach the working of potentiometer and different electrodes for performing
potentiometric titrations
• To explain the experimental study of kinetics of simple reactions
Learning outcomes
By studying this course, the students will be able to:

• Explain the working of electrochemical cells and different types of galvanic cell.
• Devise a spontaneous galvanic cell using various combinations of half-cells.
• Understand the concept of concentration cell
• Use the appropriate galvanic cell to measure pH, calculate thermodynamic parameters
and perform potentiometric titrations.
• Write rate law and derive rate equations for simple and complex reactions and
understanding of theories of reaction rates.
• Understand different types of catalysts and mechanism of enzyme catalysis.
• Perform potentiometric titrations using appropriate electrodes for quantitative analysis.
• Set up experiments to study the kinetics of simple reactions.
SYLLABUS OF DSC-12
Unit-1: Electrochemical Cells (Lectures: 21)

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Rules of oxidation/reduction of ions based on half-cell potentials, Chemical cells, reversible
and irreversible cells with examples. Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement,
Nernst equation; Standard electrode (reduction) potential and its application to different kinds
of half-cells. Application of EMF measurements in determining (i) free energy, enthalpy and
entropy of a cell reaction, (ii) equilibrium constants, and (iii) pH values, using hydrogen,
quinone-hydroquinone, glass and SbO/Sb2O3 electrodes. Concentration cells with and
without transference, liquid junction potential; determination of activity coefficients and
transference numbers. Qualitative discussion of potentiometric titrations (acid-base, redox,
precipitation). Structure of electric double layer (qualitative aspects only).

Unit-2: Chemical Kinetics (Lectures: 18)

Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction,
differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions, experimental
methods for determination of rate laws, kinetics of complex reactions (integrated rate
expressions up to first order only): (i) Opposing reactions (ii) parallel reactions and (iii)
consecutive reactions and their differential rate equations (steady-state approximation in
reaction mechanisms) (iv) chain reactions.
Temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius equation; activation energy. Collision
theory of reaction rates, Lindemann mechanism, qualitative treatment of the theory of
absolute reaction rates, introduction to electrode kinetics (qualitative aspects only).
Unit-3: Catalysis: (Lectures: 6)
Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid
surfaces. Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis-Menten mechanism, acid-base catalysis.
Practical: Credits: 01
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 2 hours each)
(A) Potentiometry:
Perform the following potentiometric titrations:
1. Strong acid vs. strong base
2. Weak acid vs. strong base
3. Dibasic acid vs. strong base
4. Mixture of strong and weak acid vs strong base
5. Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt
(B) Chemical Kinetics:
Study the kinetics of the following reactions
1. Iodide-persulphate reaction by Initial rate method
2. Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.
3. Saponification of ethyl acetate by conductometric measurements.
Suggested experiments

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 1. To study the kinetics of Iodide-persulphate reaction using integrated rate method.
2. Comparison of the strengths of HCl and H2SO4 by studying kinetics of hydrolysis of
methyl acetate.
Essential/recommended readings
Theory:
1. Atkins, P.W.; Paula, J.de. (2014), Atkin’s Physical Chemistry Ed., 10th Edition,
Oxford University Press.
2. Ball, D. W. (2017), Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Cengage Learning, India.
3. Castellan, G. W. (2004), Physical Chemistry, 4th Edition, Narosa.
4. Kapoor, K.L. (2015), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol 3, 6th Edition, McGraw
Hill Education.
5. Kapoor, K.L. (2015), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol 5, 3rd Edition, McGraw
Hill Education.
6. Laidler K.J. (2003), Chemical Kinetics, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education India.
Practical:
1. Khosla, B.D.; Garg, V.C.; Gulati, A. (2015), Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R.
Chand & Co, New Delhi.
2. Kapoor, K.L. (2019), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol.7, 1st Edition, McGraw
Hill Education.
3. Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W.; Shoemaker, D. P. (2003), Experiments in Physical
Chemistry, 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York
Note: Examination scheme and mode shall be as prescribed by the Examination
Branch, University of Delhi, from time to time.

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