TEST 1

Section 1
Questions 1 - 4

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

NOTES ON ISLAND HOTEL

Example Answer

Type of room required: double room

Time

● The length of stay: approx 2 weeks

● Starting date: 25th April

Temperature

Daytime: up to (1) ………… °C

● Erratic weather

Transport

● Pick-up service is provided.

● Normally transferring to the airport takes about

(2) …………

Facilities

● en-suite facilities and (3) …………

● gym and spa facilities

● a large outdoor swimming pool

 ● three standard (4) …………

Questions 5 - 10

Complete the table below

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Day Entertainment activities Transportation

● learning to make (5) …………

Tuesdays ● mini bus
● having a (6) ………… in-house concert

● enjoying mountain view ● (8) …………

Wednesda
ys
● exploring a tropical (7) ………… ● shuttle bus

● having a fancy dinner

Thursdays ● (10) …………
● watching a spectacular display of (9) …………

Section 2
Question 11 – 14

Choose the correct answer.

11 Online Exchange Business

The website is organised by

A family members.

B friends.

C businessmen.

12 How long has the website been operated?

A about 3 weeks

B about 3 months
 C about 6 months

13 How many registered users are there in the website?

A 1,000

B 1,500

C 2,000

14 Which country has the most users in the website?

A Ireland

B UK

C Canada

Questions 15 - 16

Which TWO things are most popular among users?

A children's books

B textbooks

C computer games

D toys

E tools

Questions 17 - 20

Complete the sentences below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer

The website will sort out (17) ………… items to help those who can’t decide what to
exchange.

Do not bother because people's (18) ………… are different.

Users will give (19) ………… on the completion of exchanges.

Criteria

● the quality of the item

● the ease of communication

● the (20) ………… of delivering

Section 3
Question 21 – 26

Choose the correct answer.

21 Reflective Journal Assignment

What should be firstly included in the reflective journal?

A topics he is going to talk about

B study aims for the module

C suggestions from others

22 The woman has got

A a lot of friends to help her.

B several books that may be useful.

C sufficient resources showing that she is a good technology user.

23 What was the man’s biggest achievement in the past?

A He worked as a waiter in a restaurant.

B He got an offer to lead a team.

C He became the chairman of the Student Union.

24 The man decides to

A do it by himself.

B find a tutor.

C listen to others.

25 What is the man’s attitude after the discussion?

A He thinks it is useless.
 B He is looking forward to doing the assignment.

C He feels uncertain about it.

26 What should be shown in the man’s reflective journal?

A self-awareness

B mistakes

C achievements

Question 27 – 30

Choose the correct letters, A-F

What recommendations does the tutor make about the reference books?

Attitude

A define a problem

B independent learning

C develop study skills

D gain confidence

E find it difficult

27 writing an essay

28 taking exams

29 making class notes

30 taking presentation notes

Section 4
Question 31 – 38

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Chimpanzee behaviours
Species

● We can find Pan or Pan Troglodytes in West and Central Africa

● The Bonobo or Pan Paniscus are found in Democratic Republic of Congo

Current research

● rule out (31) ………… and biological factors

● learn through (32) ………… of other chimps’ behaviour

Discoveries

● The book The Third Chimpanzee by James Diamond discusses some physical
features of chimpanzees

● The discovery reported by Jane Goodall suggests that chimpanzees know how to
use (33) …………

Chimpanzees in Senegal

use spears sharpened with their teeth

can (34) ………… the shell of a coconut

use a (35) ………… hammer to crash nuts

are capable of learning (36) ………… and understanding human language

Sub-species

Bonobos live on the other side of a (37) …………

Both of them are reducing alarmingly in population (38) …………

Question 39 - 40

Which TWO topics about chimpanzees will the students discuss next week?

A They are slower than human in different ways.

B They learn things by copying humans’ behaviour.

C They develop behaviours generation by generation.

D They have very strong ability of logical thinking.

E They could be modified to adapt to the environment.

KEY

1. 19

2. 40 minutes or forty minutes

3. balcony

4. tennis court

5. fish dishes

6. piano

7. Cretan garden

8. helicopter

9. fireworks

10. cable car

11. B

12. C

13. B

14. A

15. A

16. C

17. popular

18. tastes

19. feedback

20. speed

21. B

22. C

23. B

24. C

25. B
26. A

27. A

28. D

29. B

30. E

31. genetic

32. observation

33. tools

34. open

35. stone

36. symbols

37. river

38. density

39. B

40. C

AUDIO TRANSCRIPT

PART 1

Reception: Good afternoon, you’re through to reception at The Island Hotel in

Crete, how may I help you today?

Mr. Schiffer: Yes, hello there, I’m hoping to book a double (Example) room for
my wife and myself for about two weeks from the 25th April of
this year. Firstly, could you tell me whether it’s particularly hot
during this time?

Reception: Yes, of course Sir, during late April and early May, the daytime
temperature shouldn’t exceed 19 (Q1) degrees Celsius, but the
weather has been rather erratic and difficult to predict in recent
years, so I am unable to say for certain.
Mr. Schiffer: Okay, that sounds good, my wife doesn’t like going outside when
it’s very hot! I haven’t booked flights yet, but I must say that I’m
unfamiliar with Crete and its transport system. Does the hotel
provide an airport shuttle service?

Reception: Yes Sir, we provide a complementary airport pick-up service for all
our guests. It takes about 40 minutes (Q2) to get here from the
airport, but it’s at least 60 minutes at rush hours and you will be
provided with a fully airconditioned shuttle bus.

Mr. Schiffer: Okay, excellent. In that case, do you have any rooms available for
the dates I gave you?

Reception: I shall have a look on the system now for you Sir, bear with me just
a moment, [brief pause] Yes Sir, I can see now that we have several
rooms available. Would you prefer a garden view or a sea view?

Mr. Schiffer: Well, ideally I would like a sea-view room with a balcony, but of
course that depends on the difference in price.

Reception: Not to worry Sir, all of our standard double rooms have en-suite
facilities and a balcony (Q3). If you would like one of our sea-view
rooms, there is a premium of €60 per night.

Mr. Schiffer: Okay, so could you tell me the total nightly rate for a standard
double room with a sea view?

Reception: Yes, of course Sir, for the spring months, our rate is €216 per night.
For 14 nights, altogether this will come to €3,024.

Mr. Schiffer: Perfect. I also read on your website that the hotel has gym and spa
facilities. Are there any other facilities on offer?

Reception: Yes, we have a large outdoor infinity pool overlooking the ocean,
with luxury sun beds and a poolside bar. We also have 3 full-
sized tennis courts (Q4), where we run a popular doubles
tournament, with the winner receiving 2 all-inclusive spa day
vouchers.

Mr. Schiffer: Goodness, I shall have to brush up on my tennis skills!

Mr. Schiffer: Are there any other activities organised by the hotel that we can
partake in? It’s just that it’s our wedding anniversary on the 30th of
 June, and I would like to provide my wife with the perfect romantic
getaway.

Reception: I can assure you, Sir, that your wife won’t be disappointed. Ours is a
5-star resort which is renowned for its luxury and beauty. In terms
of activities, the hotel provides thrice weekly entertainment. On
Tuesdays, guests will take a mini bus and partake in learning to
cook succulent fish dishes (Q5) with our Michelin starred chef,
Enrique. The class will take place in a beautiful valley deep in the
Cretan hills, where guests will be treated to an
intimate piano (Q6) performance by our in-house concert pianist,
Pedro. On Wednesdays, a select number of guests will be fortunate
enough to explore the mountains by helicopter (Q7), before being
transported to a tropical Cretan garden (Q8) by shuttle bus.
Finally, on Thursdays after a fancy dinner, we provide a
spectacular fireworks (Q9) display, which guests can view from
the comfort of a cable car (Q10).

Mr. Schiffer: Oh wow, that all sounds absolutely wonderful! I shall book the
room now, and then I need to look at flights so as not to become
extortionate. Would you like to take my details now or later? [fade
out]

PART 2

BarterOnlineUK is a young, up and coming website in the United Kingdom where users
can ‘buy’ new and used goods; however, instead of paying with money, registered
users instead exchange their purchase for an item of similar value. This part is perhaps
the most complicated, as the registered users themselves must mutually decide on an
appropriate value, with value either being the recommended retail price (RRP), or
simply how much they believe the item to be worth. The website has been founded by
a group of four friends (Q11) in the north of England. Originally they exchanged their
belongings among family members. They frequently found themselves swapping their
belongings when they no longer had any use for them. They live by the motto ‘one
person’s trash is another person’s treasure’, and hate to throw things away. As more
and more people caught wind of the idea and wanted to participate in the exchanges,
the group decided that the idea had the potential to become a successful business
venture, and so it did.
BarterOnlineUK is a start-up online business, which took 3 months to set up and has
now been running for around half a year (Q12). Despite only being founded a short
time ago, the website has already garnered about 1,500 (Q13) registered users, with
500 more than expected, a huge achievement for the founders. Some of the users are
registered in the United Kingdom and Canada, with the majority from the Republic of
Ireland (Q14). In order to become a registered member, users must first fill in their
personal details followed by their credit or debit card details, which will be used to take
payment of a monthly fee of £5. As long as this fee is paid, users will be able to perform
an unlimited number of online exchanges.

A multitude of items are sold on the website, such as textbooks, soft toys, and tools,
however books for children (Q15) and computer games (Q16) are by far selected
most. The exchange process itself is not as complicated as it might seem, users can
enter their preferences for what they would like to receive, and also explicitly state
what they would like to give away, and the website will automatically pair up suitable
users. If, however, a user doesn’t want to give anything away, but would simply like to
buy something, BarterOnlineUK does support a secure online payment system where
users can perform a normal monetary transaction. Despite this, the founding group
strongly discourages the use of the online payment system, clearly stating that this
goes against the intended ethos of the company.

Although bartering is an age-old process, many of the website’s users are unsure how
to decide which of their own items to exchange. It often helps to order items by
popularity using the ‘filter’ button provided, this will tell the website to find
out popular (Q17) items for users’ convenience. To this, the founding members say just
put everything you don’t want on there, different people have different tastes (Q18),
and you never know what they might be looking for! In order to aid registered users in
their exchanges, and to provide them with assurance, the founders recently added a
new feature whereby on completion of an exchange, users will be encouraged to
provide each other with feedback (Q19). This feedback will include criteria such as the
quality of the item as compared with how it was advertised, the ease of
communication with the seller, the speed (Q20) at which the item was delivered, and
so on. The friends believe that using this method, users will have a more transparent
and trustworthy bartering experience, [fade out]

PART 3
Tom: Professor Tomlinson, may Annie and I please quickly ask you a few
questions about the reflective journal assignment? It’s just that
we’re a bit confused as to what you want us to include and discuss.

Prof. Tomlinson: Yes of course, what are you having trouble with?

Annie: Well, everything really. To start with, what should be included first
in the reflective journal? Perhaps suggestions from others?

Prof. Tomlinson: No no, firstly you should include the study goals you set
yourself at the beginning of the module (Q21). This section
should have been discussed in some detail towards the beginning
of the course by Professor May. You should be able to find her
suggestions on the slides she has provided the class online.

Annie: Okay, thank you, Professor. Could I also trouble you to take a brief
look at my bibliography and footnotes? I feel like they’re missing
something; most of our friends’ bibliographies are longer.

Prof. Tomlinson: Well, looking at this Annie, I can see that you have used a wide
range of resources, which shows that you have made
effective use of communication technology (Q22). As far as I
can tell, you need not make any changes to this, although you
might want to double check that your referencing complies with
the Harvard Referencing Style regulations.

Annie: Oh I’m very surprised you’ve said that! Thank you, now I can set my
mind at ease. Tom, you said you wanted to ask the Professor about
the achievements section?

Tom: Ah yes, Professor, in the assignment guidelines, we are asked to

introduce and elaborate on our biggest achievement in the past,
saying which skills we learnt in the process, and how these skills
can be transferred to various different future careers. The only
problem is that I don’t know what my greatest achievement
actually is. I’ve only ever worked as a waiter in a hotel restaurant
during the summer holidays from university.

Prof. Tomlinson: If you worked as a waiter in a hotel restaurant, you’re bound to

have worked with other waiters as part of a team. Would you say
 that during your time as a waiter, you developed any leadership
skills?

Tom: Yes, well I suppose I was asked to become the team leader of
the food and beverage department (Q23). But that’s hardly an
achievement.

Prof. Tomlinson: You might not think so, but if you write that you were offered the
position of the team leader, it shows a lot more about your
character, for example that you’re charismatic and work well in a
high-pressure situation.

Tom: I never would have thought to write that down, thank you! I guess I
should start listening to others more often (Q24)! Annie, do you
have any more questions or are you ready to go back to the
library?

Annie: Yeah, I think I’ve got everything I need. Thank you very much,
Professor Tomlinson!

Tom: That was really helpful. I’m actually starting to look forward to
writing this now (Q25), and it should be a really useful exercise to
prepare us for writing CVs and applying for jobs. It’s shocking how
bad I am at identifying my strengths and weaknesses. Professor
Tomlinson has shown me that I definitely need to start
displaying some self-awareness! (Q26)

Annie: Yeah, Tom, you really do. You’re always so modest! Modesty is
great until it comes to applying for jobs!

Annie: Oh no! I forgot to ask the professor about the section on identifying
the skills gained through different activities, do you remember?
When it asks you, for example, whether writing an essay develops
your study skills or your independent learning and so on?

Tom: Oh goodness, we really should have asked him that. I’ve been
having trouble with it too. It just seems like such a pointless task.
What do you reckon the answers are?

Annie: Hmm… I think writing an essay might be a way of identifying

and resolving a problem, because you have to state the
problem in the introduction and then solve it (Q27). I’m not so
 sure about taking exams… I thought they were supposed to develop
lots of different skill sets. If I really had to choose, I’d say that
taking exams enables you to become more confident in
yourself (Q28)… do you agree?

Tom: Maybe, I really don’t know either. What do you think about the last
two? Making class notes and presentation notes?

Annie: Oh it’s so difficult! I think making class notes has to be a way of

becoming a more independent learner (Q29) because you
yourself decide what the important information is and learn it.
That reminds me, I find taking presentation notes is a
disaster (Q30)! The professors speak much too quickly, and I write
much too slowly, [fade out]

PART 4

Welcome back to my series of short lectures on apes. Today we will examine recent
and historical breakthroughs on the behaviour of chimpanzees, otherwise known as
chimps.

The word ‘chimpanzee’ is an umbrella term for two different species of apes in the
genus Pan, which are the Common Chimpanzee, or Pan Troglodytes, found in West and
Central Africa, and the Bonobo, or Pan Paniscus, which are found in the forests of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo. Chimpanzees belong to the Hominidae family,
together with gorillas, orangutans and indeed humans. Current research tells us that
the chimps broke away from the human branch of the Hominidae family
approximately six million years ago, and remain the closest living relative to humans to
this day. More modern researches into chimpanzees have centred on their behavioural
characteristics, once all biological and genetic (Q31) factors have been ruled out. In
this way, scientists have unearthed an unfathomable amount of similarities between
human and chimpanzee behaviour. Although much of this research has taken place
through observation of captive chimps, the results are widely seen as an authoritative
reflection of chimps living in the wild. Chimps live in large so-called communities
comprised of many male and female members, with the social hierarchy determined
by an individual chimp’s position and influence. Through such research, scientists have
found that chimps learn and adapt through observation (Q32) of others’ behaviour.
Once in power, the alpha male is often seen to alter its body language in order to retain
power, for example he might puff himself up in order to intimidate others, while lower-
ranking chimps are noted to behave more submissively and holding out their hands
while granting. Female chimpanzees also have a distinct social hierarchy, with high
social standing inherited by children. It is not unheard of for dominant females within a
community to unite and overthrow the alpha male, backing another in his place.

James Diamond, in his book The Third Chimpanzee suggests that chimps should now
be reclassified in the genus Homo, instead of Pan, and there are many arguments still
in favour of this. Male common chimpanzees are on average 1.7 metres in height,
weighing 70kg, with their female counterparts being somewhat smaller. By
comparison, the Bonobo is slightly shorter and lighter, but with longer arms and legs;
however, both species walk on all fours, and climb trees with great ease. Jane Goodall
made a groundbreaking discovery in 1960, when she observed the use
of tools (Q33) among chimpanzees, including digging for termites with large sticks. A
recent study claimed to reveal that common chimpanzees in Senegal have been using
spears sharpened with their teeth to hunt; however these reports remain
unsubstantiated. Researchers have witnessed such tools, namely rocks, being used by
chimps to open (Q34) coconut shells and indeed crushing nuts
with stone (Q35) hammers. As scientific technology has developed, so too has our
knowledge of the sheer extent of the chimp’s intelligence. Research has now shown
that chimps have the capability to learn and use symbols (Q36), and understand
aspects of the human language, including syntax as well as numerical sequences.

As I mentioned earlier, the umbrella term ‘chimpanzee’ is comprised of the common

chimpanzee and the bonobo. These two sub-species are divided along the Congo River,
with the common chimps living on one side, and the bonobos living on the opposite side
of the river (Q37). Over the past few decades, both of these sub-species have
witnessed an alarming decrease in population density (Q38), with animal activists
now working harder than ever to protect those remaining and encourage procreation.

In addition, next week’s episode will focus more closely on how chimpanzees in
captivity are able to learn things through imitating the behaviour of
humans (Q39), as well as how chimpanzees’ behaviours have developed over many
generations. (Q40)

Thank you very much for attending this evening’s lecture. I hope you found it
intellectually stimulating, and I look forward to seeing you again next week. Goodnight!