


Dapdap Street, Poblacion 3 Carcar City, Cebu
Telephone Number: 487-8927

A Teaching- Learning Package in Mathematics 10

Teacher: Maryland V. Pasilan

Method: Inductive Method

TLP 2: Geometric Sequence

Objectives: Through the discussion and examples, the student will be able to:
1. illustrate a geometric sequence;
2. differentiates a geometric sequence from an arithmetic sequence;
3. determine geometric means and nth term of a geometric sequence;

A. ACTIVATION
Preparation
The teacher will show a picture that involves on how the bacteria’s grows.
I. In world-wide health and medical issues, viruses and bacteria- related disease are very common,
such as Shewanella oneidensis. These microorganisms multiply by doubling their population in 40
minutes. If in a laboratory experiment, a group of Shewanella oneidensis was initially counted at 2.
Tabulate its population every 2 hours.

After … hours 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Population
1. What are the first 5 populations as sequence? 1 _________________________
2. How is the 1st term related to the 2nd?the 2nd to the 3rd ?3rd to the 4th ?
2
_____________________________________________________
2nd population 3 rd population
3. Is there a common ratio? ( , , … ¿3 ____________
1 st population 2 nd population
4. Use the common ratio as multiplier to each of the terms of the sequence. What
did you notice? 4 _______________________________________________
The sequence above is an example of a geometric sequence.

B. DEVELOPMENT
Presentation
What is a Geometric Sequence?
 A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by multiplying the first by a nonzero constant is
called a geometric sequence or geometric progression. The amount by which we multiply each time is called
the common ratio of the sequence. The sequence a 1, a2 , a3 , … an is geometric if and only if there is a number so
a3 a2
that , =r , =r … , where r ≠ 0.The number r is the 5 ________________________ of the sequence.
a2 a1

What is the difference between geometric sequence and arithmetic sequence?

Example 1:
Identify the following if it is a geometric sequence or not.
1. 1,2,6,24,120,… 2. 81,27,9,3,1, …..
Solution:
120 24 6
a. =5 , =4 , =3
24 6 2
There is no common ratio, this is 7 ________________________________
1 1 3 1 9 1 27 1
b. = , = , = , =
3 3 9 3 27 3 81 3
There is a common difference, this is a 8 ___________________________

o How do you identify if the sequence is a geometric sequence?

__________________________________
Just like the arithmetic sequence, it has a finite geometric sequence and infinite.
1,5, 25, 125, 625 is an example of finite geometric sequence.
80,40, 20, 10 , 5, … is an example of infinite geometric sequence.
Base on the given examples, define the two types of geometric sequence.
The students are tasked to give an examples of two geometric sequence.

General Rule for Geometric Sequence

The nth term of a geometric sequence with first term a 1and common ratio r is given by:
n−1
a n=a1 r .

Example 2:
Find the 10th term of the geometric sequence 3,9,27,81,….
Solution:
Find the common ration.
81 27 9
r = = = =3
27 9 3
a 1=3, r=3

To solve for the 10th term, n=10

n−1
a n=a1 r
a 10=3 ¿ Substitute the values
a 10=3 ¿= __________________
9

Example 3:
Find the first term of geometric sequence of the common ratio is 3 and the 6th term is 243.
Solution: a 6=243∧r=3 , n =6
 n−1
a n=a1 r General Rule
6−1
a 6=a 1 3 Substitute 3 with r , 6 with n
5
243=a1 (3) Substitute 243 with a6
243=a1 243or 10 ________ Simplify
a 1= 1

Practice!
Teacher will post the questions on the board and will randomly called someone to answer on the board.
Find the 15th, 18th , 19th and 25th term of the geometric sequence 3,9,27,81,….
Find the first term of geometric sequence of the common ratio is 1/2 and the 5th term is 1/2.

Geometric Means
When a single number is inserted between two numbers, m and n to form a geometric sequence, that
number is called a geometric mean between m and n.

Example 4:
Find three geometric means between 4 and 64
Solution:
Let a 1=4 and then 64 is the fifth term a 5
n−1
a n=a1 r
5−1
a 5=a1 r
4
64=4 r
4
r =16
r=±2
With the use of general, we can find the geometric means. Let’s start looking for the 2nd term.
r=2
a n=a1 r
n−1
Or you can multiply
2−1 directly the first term and
a 2=4 (2)
1 the ration. 4(2) = 8
a 2=4 (2)
a 2=8

Students will need to find in their 3rd and 4th get the geometric means for the practice. The teacher will call
someone to explain the answers.

Sum of the Finite Geometric Series

The expression formed by adding terms of geometric sequence is called geometric series. The
S
sum n of the first n terms of geometric sequence with common ratio r≠0 is

( )
n
1−r
Sn=a1 .
1−r

This is the sum of a finite geometric series.

Recall what is a finite sequence.
Example 5:
1,5,25,125, … is a geometric series.
a. Find the sum of the first 8 terms. B. Find n such that Sn=3906
 Solutions:
a. a 1=1 r=5

( 1−r
1−r )
n
Sn=a1 General Rule

S =1 (
1−5 )
8
1−5
8 Substitute with the given values
8
1−5
¿ Simplify
−4
1−390 625
=
−4
−390 624
=
−4
= 97 656
The sum of the first 8 terms of the geometric sequence is 97 656.
b. Use the general rule:

( )
n
1−r
Sn=a1 General Rule
1−r

3906= 1 (
1−5 )
n
1−5
Substitute with the given values
n
1−5
3906= Simplify
−4
3906(-4)=1−5 n Cross multiply
3906(-4)-1= -5n Transfer 1 to the other side, become -1
-15 625=−5n Simplify
n
5 =15625
n 6
5 =(5) Make the base equal(by
n=6 Equate the exponent
The first 6 terms of the sequence have the sum of 3906.

Comparison and Abstraction

Using the groups from the previous meeting, each group must create a comparison by gathering of their ideas (it
could be a diagram, table or how they will do it) of arithmetic sequence and geometric sequence, and finite
sequences and infinite sequences. They are given 15 minutes to do the task. After, any group member will be
called to present the task in the class.

Generalization
Random students will be called to present their general idea on a geometric sequence.
The geometric sequence has a common ration.

C. CULMINATION
Application
The class will have speed test. Each item written a card board and randomly flash each of these cards, students
are given enough time to answer on their own.
Find the first n terms of the geometric sequence described in each of following:
1. a1 = 3, r = 2, n = 5 2. a1 = 4, r = -2, n = 6
3. a1 = 2, r = 3, n = 4 4. a1 =11, r = 22, n = 4
5. a1 = 2, a3 = 8, n =4

Assessment
Students will answer the following invidually.
A. Find the common ratio of the geometric sequence.
1. 64,-32,16,-8,… 2. 2,-6,18,-54, …
1
3. 4,12,36,108,… 4. 32,8,2,
2
B. Write the next 3 terms of the sequence and find a rule for the nth term of the sequence.
1. 1,3,9,27, …
2. 1,-6,36,-216,…
3. 2,8,32,128, …
C. Write the first n terms of the geometric sequence described in each of the following.
1. a1 = 3, r = 2, n =5 2. A1 = 2, r = 3, n = 4
3. a1 = 4, r = -2, n = 6
C. In the given series: a) find the sum of the indicated nth terms
b) find the n for the given sum.
1. 100+50+25+ … S8
2. 2+6+18+… S10
3. 7+(-12)+63+ … S5