EXPLORING THE EXPERIENCES ON VACCINATION PROGRAM AMONG

STEM 11 STUDENTS OF SAN ANDRES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL DURING

COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

Background of the Study

Education is a continuous process by which learner acquired and developed skills and

faculties differently as they step higher. In a normal education, learners acquire learning through

a direct contact with the teachers using the face to face mode of learning. But the quest for

education was tested and hampered due to the advent of the pandemic.

WHO (2021) reports that a variety of COVID-19 vaccines are available based on various

methodologies. The first is the messenger RNA vaccine, which instructs body cells to create a

viral protein known as the spike protein by using messenger RNA (mRNA). Pfizer-BioNTech

and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines are two instances of this. The vector vaccines are the second.

The genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus is delivered into the body's cells by a harmless

virus (vector), such as an adenovirus. The cells are then directed by this genetic material to create

the spike protein and initiate an immunological response. Examples of these vaccinations are the

Johnson & Johnson and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines. The Inactive Vaccines are the final one.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is included in these vaccinations.

Students have no choice except to embrace online or modular approach in teaching

where by paving a way for multiple challenges ahead. They have the difficulty on how learning

could take place when direct communication is far from reach.

 Immunization drives have been essential in containing virus’s transmission and lessening

its effects on the general public health and understanding how this extraordinary health

catastrophe has affected.

COVID 19 or corona virus disease is an infection caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus.

Some symptoms are fever, muscle aches and coughs. Difficulty in breathing is a severe symptom

of COVID-19.

Vaccination is a simple, safe and effective way of protecting people against harmful

diseases they come into contact with them. It is the act of introducing a vaccine into the body to

produce protection from a specific disease.

According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID 19 vaccines are

important to help us safe from infections. Vaccines are effective, secure and free. Anyone

ranging from six months, and older may be vaccinated.

(Herzberger ET AL) mentioned that the efficacy of COVID 19 vaccines is high with

estimate ranging from 94-100%.

Statement of the Problem

The following are the issues and concerns of STEM 11 students that need to be clarified

such as:

1. What are the different types of COVID-19 vaccines?

2. What are the experiences of the students after receiving COVID-19 vaccines?

3. What are the side effects of vaccines experienced by the STEM 11 students?

Research Objectives.
 This research aims to answer the following questions that leads to the impact of COVID

19 pandemic on the vaccination experiences of STEM 11 students

1. To identify what are the different types of COVID-19 vaccines.

2. To know the experiences of the students after having COVID-19 vaccines.

3. To know what are the side effects of vaccines.

Theoretical Framework

Health Belief Model (HBM). This idea posits that an individual's fitness-associated

conduct is decided via way of means of their perceptions of susceptibility to a fitness threat, the

severity of the threat, the blessings of taking action, and the obstacles to taking action. In the

context of this study, STEM students' vaccination reviews can be stimulated via way of means of

their perceptions of the dangers of COVID-19, the efficacy and protection of vaccines, and the

accessibility of vaccination services. (Koch Baum et al, 1950).

Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) has been carried out to influenza vaccine

acceptance, however there's a loss of studies making use of PMT to COVID-19 vaccine

acceptance. Additionally, previous studies has recommended that corona virus conspiracy ideals

and demographic elements can also additionally play a position in attitudes in the direction of the

vaccine. This take a look at aimed to expect COVID-19 vaccination aim the usage of PMT.

corona virus conspiracy ideals, and demographic elements. Furthermore, vaccinated and

unaccented people had been in comparison on the subject of their corona virus conspiracy Ideals.

(R.W.Rogers, 1975).
 Theories of health conduct can also additionally assist undeniable mechanisms of vaccine

hesitancy or willingness. Specifically, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is normally used to

conceptualize the uptake of health behaviors, along with vaccination (Brazen, 1991; Donadiki et

al., 2014; Fall et al., 2018). The TPB version addresses predictors of aim to carry out a health

conduct, as intentions are considered the number one predictors of conduct (Yahaghi et al.,

2021). The TPB version constructs along with fantastic attitudes towards vaccines, perceptions

of ways others view vaccines (subjective norms), perceptions of ways tough.

Conceptual Framework

HJ
COVID19
EXPERIENCES OF
VACCINATION
STEM 11 STUDENTS
PROGAM

Significance of the Study

This study hopes to explore and establish an understanding of the experiences of students

about the emergence of COVID 19 vaccination program. Furthermore, the study could be of

significant importance to the following:

Future Researches. The ideas presented may be used as reference data in conducting new

researches or in testing the validity of other related findings.

Clinical Studies. Findings from this research may be used as cross reference in undertaking

researches relative to the kind of vaccine used in a COVID-19-afflicted individual. It may

recommend the best vaccine needed in a particular person based from the experiences of the

individuals.

Future References. An individual may choose the appropriate vaccine based from how the

body reacts on a particular vaccine should COVID-19 occur again.

Students and General Public. Everyone may have an understanding on how to cope with the

impact of COVID 19 as these are experienced by students during the pandemic.

Teachers and Administrators. The gathered data may help the teachers and school

administrators in floating out necessary interventions so that education will not be hampered.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The limit of this research may involve conducting surveys, interviews or focus groups to

gather qualitative data on the experiences of STEM 11 students of San Andres National High

School. It might also look at how socioeconomic circumstances, vaccine hesitancy and false

information affects student vaccination experience. The results' wider relevance may be limited

by the fact that they cannot be used to learners at San Andres National High School who are not

STEM 11 students.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The terms and quote: Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the

Vaccination Experiences of STEM Students at San Andres Public High School and quote; can be

defined as follows:

1. Research: Conducting in-depth research or investigations to gain insights and understanding.

2. COVID-19 Pandemic: A global outbreak of coronavirus caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in

2019 and affecting people worldwide.

3. Vaccination Experiences: refers to perceptions, attitudes, challenges and general encounters

experienced by STEM 11 students at San Andres Public High School regarding vaccination

during the COVID-19 pandemic.

4. STEM 11 students: Students specializing in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering

and Mathematics.

5. Messenger RNA vaccines: that uses mRNA to provide instructions to cells in the body to

produce a viral protein called the spike protein.

6. Vector Vaccines: It uses harmless virus (vector), such as an adenovirus, to deliver genetic

material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus into cells in the body. This genetic material then instructs

the cells to produce the spike protein and trigger an immune response.

7. Inactive Vaccines: These vaccines contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus is inactivated so that it

cannot cause disease. They stimulate an immune response against the virus.

Together, this statement represents a research focus on how the COVID-19 pandemic has

affected the immunization experiences of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

students at San Andres National High School.

Review of Related Literature

 Vaccination offers numerous benefits, including the prevention of serious diseases, reducing

the spread of infectious diseases within communities, protecting those who are unable to get

vaccinated, such as infants or individuals with weakened immune systems, and contributing to

the overall public health by helping to eradicate or control diseases. Authoritative sources such

as the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

(CDC), and various medical associations worldwide provide extensive evidence supporting the

safety and efficacy of vaccines.

The study emphasizes the less discernible benefit of a pharmaceutical intervention,

COVID-19 vaccination, on the mental, physical well-being or experiences of individuals. The

findings suggest that vaccine coverage expansion is imperative, especially for disproportionately

affected communities. To the extent that the success of vaccines not only depends on production

and availability but also on the uptake, it is crucial to ensure public confidence through effective

communication on the benefits of vaccines. Since the COVID-19 vaccine is not sufficient to put

an end to the pandemic, it is necessary to combine with other non-pharmaceutical interventions

to effectively contain the outbreak and protect public well- being (R.W. Fairlie et al., 2020).

According to WHO (2021), there are many types of COVID-19 vaccines according to

different types of approaches. The first is the messenger RNA vaccines that uses mRNA to

provide instructions to cells in the body to produce a viral protein called the spike protein.

Examples of this are Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. The second one is the

Vector Vaccines. It uses harmless virus (vector), such as an adenovirus, to deliver genetic

material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus into cells in the body. This genetic material then instructs

the cells to produce the spike protein and trigger an immune response. The Oxford- AstraZeneca

and Johnson & Johnson vaccines are examples of this vaccines. The last one is the Inactive
Vaccines. These vaccines contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus is inactivated so that it cannot cause

disease. They stimulate an immune response against the virus. The Sinovac vaccine is example

of inactivated vaccines.

The Johnson and Johnson/Janssen vaccine was approved for use in people ≥18 years old

on February 27, 2021 (Elmer, T Mepham, K.Stadtfeld, 2021), whereas the Moderna COVID-19

vaccine received EUA approval on December 18, 2020 (Alawia, R et al, 2020). Vaccines

against COVID-19 can shield individuals from an infection with SARS-CoV-2 by generating

antibodies and boosting immunity (Fawaz, M, 2021). Two doses are required for the mRNA

vaccines Pfizer and Moderna. The vaccine known as Janssen is a single-dose viral vector

vaccination. In the event of a two-dose vaccination, a person is deemed fully immunized two

weeks following the second dose, or two weeks following a single dose (Alawia, R, et al, 2020).

The Food and Drug Administration has authorized a number of COVID-19 vaccines since

the pandemic began, including those made by Pfizer-BioNTech ( accessed November 16,

2021), Moderna (accessed November 16, 2021), and Johnson & Johnson (13). The public can

now obtain these vaccinations widely, but vaccination rates are still low and haven't reached the

herd immunity threshold (Brouwer W, van Exel J, et al, 2020 ). The public's attitude of

vaccination saw a significant change in 2021 as a result of the second wave of COVID-19

(Rabin K, Kimball SH, et al, 2021). Actually, public acceptance of the idea that mass

vaccination is the best way to contain the COVID-19 epidemic is growing ( Cogan N, Deakin

K, et al, 2020).
 This paper explores the common side effects associated with vaccination in individuals.

Drawing upon extensive research and clinical observations, the author discusses various adverse

reactions that may occur following vaccination, including soreness at the injection site, mild

fever, fatigue, and muscle aches. Additionally, rare but serious side effects such as allergic

reactions are examined, along with strategies for their management and prevention. The author

emphasizes the overall safety and efficacy of vaccines while acknowledging the importance of

informed consent and medical supervision in mitigating potential risks (Dr. Sarah Lee, MD

Abstract).

The success of mass COVID-19 vaccination campaigns rests on widespread uptake.

However, although vaccinations provide good protection, they do not offer full immunity and

while them likely reduce transmission of the virus to others, the extent of this remains uncertain.

This produces a dilemma for communicators who wish to be transparent about benefits and

harms and encourage continued caution in vaccinated individuals but not undermine confidence

in an important public health measure. In two large pre-registered experimental studies on quota-

sampled UK public participants we investigate the effects of providing transparent

communication-including uncertainty-about vaccination effectiveness on decision-making (John

R Kerr et al, 2021).

Within the model of this study, the largest correlation between negative effects and

symptoms occurred after the initial vaccination, suggesting the existence of conditioning

processes based on past experiences. Such mechanisms of learning were previously suggested

trial comparing vaccine and placebo groups of mRNA vaccines, where an increase in all adverse

effects except local pain was noted after the second dose. However, it is also possible that some
patients have an immunological predisposition regarding adverse effects, which could account

for experiencing similar adverse effects from both vaccinations (Amanzio M, 2022).

This study examines the effects of vaccination on students, focusing on both their physical

health and academic performance. Through comprehensive data analysis and surveys conducted

across various educational institutions, the findings suggest that vaccination significantly reduces

the incidence of infectious diseases among students, leading to fewer missed school days due to

illness. Moreover, vaccinated students exhibit higher levels of concentration and cognitive

functioning, contributing to improved academic outcomes. The author underscores the

importance of vaccination as a crucial component of public health initiatives aimed at promoting

student well-being and academic success (Dr. Emily Johnson, PhD Abstract, 2020).

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines induce robust immune responses

against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yet their

cellular/molecular mode of action and the etiology of the induced adverse events (AES) remain

elusive. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPS) probably have a broad distribution in human tissues/organs,

they may also (along with the packaged mRNA) exert a pro-inflammatory action, COVID-19

mRNA vaccines encode a transmembrane SARS-CoV-2 spike (5) protein; however, shedding of

the antigen and/or related peptide fragments into the circulation may occur. Binding of

circulating S protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (that is critical for the renin-

angiotensin system balance) or to other targets, along with the possibility of molecular mimicry

with human proteins, may contribute to the vaccination- related AEs. The benefit-risk profile

remains in favor of COVID-19 vaccination, yet prospective pharmacovigilance and long-term

monitoring of vaccinated recipients should be a public health priority. Vaccination is a major

tool for mitigating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic, and mRNA vaccines are

central to the ongoing vaccination campaign that is undoubtedly saving thousands of lives.

However, adverse effects (AEs) following vaccination have been noted which may relate to a PR

inflammatory action of the lipid nanoparticles used or the delivered mRNA [i.e., the vaccine

formulation), as well as to the unique nature, expression pattern, binding profile, and pro-

inflammatory effects of the produced antigens- spike (5) protein and/or its subunits/peptide

fragments-in human tissues or organs, Current knowledge on this topic originates mostly from

cell-based assays or from model organisms; further research on the cellular/molecular basis of

the mRNA vaccine-induced AEs will therefore promise safety, maintain trust, and direct health

policies (Evangelos Terpos et al., 2022).

Furthermore, the researcher found that the likelihood of negative outcomes rose as

baseline symptoms got worse, suggesting that prior illnesses were misattributed. The findings

align with previous research that indicates elevated levels of anxiety, depression, and

somatosensory amplification as risk factors for heightened somatic symptom load. ( Rose M,

et al, 2021). The mechanisms at play comprise cognitive, affective, and behavioral elements

like focused attention on interceptive cues, heightened awareness of harmless body sensations,

and perpetuation of these processes via debilitating cognitive interpretations and

counterproductive illness behaviors. Furthermore, the researcher found that the perceived risk of

contracting COVID-19 or of being hospitalized due to COVID-19 was not associated with

vaccine adverse effects, but that a belief in the personal benefit of vaccination was inversely

related to systemic vaccine adverse effects.

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
 This chapter presents the research design, sampling design, research locale, respondents

of the study, the instrumentation and validation, data gathering procedure, trustworthiness of the

study and analysis of data.

Research design

The researcher use a qualitative research method to collect and interpret information about

the topic. This method will be used because it highlighted the current state of a certain

phenomenon, describes a current situation, person or process.

(Crossman, 2019) emphasizes qualitative research as a type of social science research that

collects and works with others. Non-numerical information and which tries to interpret this

information into meanings that help to understand social life through the study of the target

population or places.

Sampling Design

Researchers use purposive sampling technique. Purposive sampling is a sampling

technique used by qualitative researchers to recruit participants who can provide in-depth and

detailed information about the phenomenon under study. It is a general term for a number of

sampling methods that deliberately select participants based on their characteristics. It is also

called judgmental sampling because it is based on the judgment of the researcher in selecting the

units. This sample is used to ensure that each participant is eligible to participate in the study.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted at San Andres National High School, San Andres,

Kadingilan Bukidnon because there are students that are vaccinated by covid19 vaccines. The
total population of San Andres National High School is 1,252 where the researcher only focuses

on STEM 11 students which only consist of 40 students, 0.03% total percentage of where the

researcher may rely. The respondents will be interviewed in the school campus during their

vacant time or at any comfortable place that the respondents will choose to.

Respondents of the Study

The participants of the study will consist of ten (10) grade 11 STEM students of San

Andres National High School. At present, SANHS has a large population, thus, the researchers

have decided to select only the said number of students from the STEM strand purposively. The

researchers believe that these participants would be enough to provide sufficient and essential

information to answer the questions raised in this study.

Instrument and Validation

The researcher designed an interview schedule as one of the data collection instruments.

The purpose of the interview schedule will to gather information from individuals who are

vaccinated.
 In qualitative research on the study of vaccines, audio recording can be a valuable tool for

data collection and validation, it is important to ensure ethical consideration when using audio

recording, such as obtaining informed consent form participants, ensuring confidentiality and

securely storing the recording.

The interview schedule will be carefully crafted to ensure that relevant and insightful data

could be obtained from the participants. It will consist of a set of open-ended questions that

allowed the interviewees to share their knowledge and experiences.

By conducting interviews with these respondents, the researcher aimed to gain a deeper

understanding. The interview schedule will provide provided a structured framework for the

interviews, ensuring that consistent and relevant information will be collected from each

participant.

The insights gathered from these interviews will contributed to the overall understanding

of the vaccines and could potentially inform future research, healthcare practices, or the

development of alternative remedies.

Data Gathering Procedure

The first thing that the researchers will do is to make a Letter of Consent for the

respondents which will be checked first for corrections by the teacher in research, and to ask for

a permission to have the audio recording, and video recording.

Second, the participants will be chosen based on their availability and willingness to participate.

Researchers should make it sure that the respondents have ideas and understanding of the topic

under examination and will answer all of the questions completely.

Third, the main objectives and procedure design of the study for data collection will be

clearly explained to the participants.

Lastly, the researchers will ask the participation of the respondents to answer all

questions in the in-depth interview to get the needed data for the research.

Trustworthiness of the Study

The study exploring the experience on the vaccination program among STEM 11

students exhibits a commendable level of trustworthiness. The study employs qualitative

research methods such as interviews or focus groups to delve into the nuanced experiences of

STEM 11 students regarding the vaccination program. Methodological transparency collection

and analysis techniques. Ethical considerations is evident, with clear descriptions of data are

upheld, ensuring participant confidentiality and informed consent. While the study's findings

provide valuable insights into the perspectives and challenges faced by STEM 11 students in

relation to vaccination, further replication and broader sampling would strengthen the

generalizability.

Furthermore, the process of data analysis should be rigorously conducted and clearly

outlined, demonstrating the systematic approach employed to interpret the qualitative data

collected. Techniques such as thematic analysis or grounded theory may be utilized to identify

patterns, themes, and insights emerging from the participants' narratives (Birt et al. 2021).

Analysis of Data
 Before evaluating the material for this qualitative study, the researchers ensure that all

information obtained through interviews, including in-depth interviews, is obtained. In order to

maintain purposeful and comprehensive data, collected data will be analyzed, synthesized and

documented. Once the formal data collection period is over, analysis will begin.

All data collected and in-depth interviews will be conducted, survey participants are

registered. The names of participants are also coded by their own decisions in which the

participants will decide their own pseudonym or how they want to be addressed. Therefore the

results are documented, Consistent with the research questions. Because it contains what the

transcription procedure helps to understand the events as they are for the researcher to create a

complete understanding of the information obtained.

Quality data is analyzed using a thematic approach. The materials are divided into topics

related to the description of the phenomenon and related to the research topic (Daly et al., 1997).

This involves grouping related segments of data into categories or themes.

Related statements are divided into "key ideas" that generated specific thoughts after

careful analysis. The responses of the participants are collected under the most important topics

that drew attention to the phenomenon in various fields (Creswell, 2013). The key concepts to be

discovered are explained and supported by relevant references.