Z'c I am happy today. Are we late?

E= Iam youare he/she/itis Weare theyare

E] aml? areyou? ishe/she/it? arewe? arethey?
E Iamnot youarenot he/she/itisnot wearenot theyarenot
I am a doctor. Are you American? We are not ready.

Put in am, are or /.5.

> You .gr.? ........... late. 4 I ................. happy today.
1 are
We ................. verywell. 5 I think you ................. tired.
is
2 My sister ................. a doctor. 6 0ur house ................. very small.
3 John and Ann ................. in America.

ln conversation and informal writing, we use contractions:

I'm you're he's she's it's |ohn's thetrain's we're they're
I'm a doctor. You're late. |ohn's in London. The shop's open. We're ready.

Write these sentences with contractions.

> Ann is ill. ÆwvÙ's LLL 4 My name is Peter.
1 We are all tired 5 You are early.
2 They are here 6 The shop is closed.
3 I am sorry

sTATEMENTEE:

QUESTION H:

Make questions.
/ 7m /Ote.

Am / /ofe?
-
To make questions (H) with bc, we put the verb before the subject.

The taxi is here.

Is the taxi here?

We are late.
E=
Are we late?
Youpe in the car.
Are my keys in the car?

> Bill / Scottish 's BILL 3 John / in bed

1 Marie `/ from Paris 4 The boss / inJapan
2 We / very late 5 His car / fast

Do you know all these question words?

who what when where why how
Contractions with /.s: who'j what'5 whcn'5 where'j how'5 why's
Who's that? What's this? When is the party? Where's the station? Why are we here?
How are you?

Put in question words with ore or '5.

> `Wh.9.'.S ....................... that?' `It's my brother.'
> `!4(h.ç.r?..q.rç................. Joe and Ann?' `In London.'
1 ` ................................. your name?' `Maria.'

2, my glasses?' `Here.'
3, your English teacher?' `Mrs Allen.'
4, you late?' `My watch is broken.'
5` the exam?' `On Tuesday.'
6, your mother?' 'Very well, thanks.'

2 BEANDHAVE
 To make negative (E) sentences with be, we put not after am/ore/i.5 or 'm, 're, '5.
I am not scottish. We are not ready. l'm not t.ired. She's not here. They're not myfriends.
We can also make contractions with n'£: you cir€n'f, she /.sn'f, etc (BUT NOT ~.

® Write negative (E) ends for the sentences.

> It's winter, but (E cold) Lt Lsvu't c,oLd
> I'm Greek, but (|] from Athens) i'n^ Ù~c)t froi;w Athen,s
1 She's tired, but (| ill)
2 They are in England, but (|] in London)
3 You're tall, but (E too tall)
4 We are late, but (E very late)
5 It's summer, but (E hot)
6 I'm a student, but (E at university)

We often use be w.i\h.. hungry, thirsty, cold, hot, right, wrong, afraid, interested, what colour?, what si.ze?
And we use bc with ages.
Haveyougotanythingtoeat? I'm hungry. l'mcold. It'sveryhother_e in suTmçr.
`It's late.'-`You're right. Let's go.' Areyou afraid ofspiders? Whatcolour is her hair?

Whatsizeareyourshoes? `Howoldareyou?''I'm l7.' I'minterested in politics.

® Complete the sentences under the pictures.

> She is .h.+.Y`9.ïÜ... 1 He ..................... 2 She .................... 3 .......................... 4 It ......................

Put in words from the box.

afraid / colour interested right size

> He is a big man, but he is .9.f.r9.Ç¢ ...... of her. 3 What ............................ is your car?

1 You think I'm wrong, but 1 know I'm ......... 4 Sorry, I'm not ............................ in her

2 What .................- small, medium or large? problems.

Read the text, and then write about yourself.

His name's Noureddin. He's from Rabat, in Morocco.
He's a student. He's 21. He isn't married. He's interested
in music and politics. He isn't interested in sport.

BEAJND HAVE 3
#Ævc with do do you have? I don't have

PRESENT PAST

E= l/you/we/they have he/she/it has I/you/he/she/it/we/they had

H do l/you/we/they have? does he/she/it have? did I/you/he e+c have?
I I/you/we/they do not have he/she/it does not have I/you/he e+c did not have

Contiactions.. don't, doesn't, didn't

We can use hove to talk about possession, family (and other) relationships and illnesses.
I have a new car. Ann has two sisters. Pete has a nice girlfriend. |oe had a cold last week.
We also say that people have hair, eyes etc; and that things have parts.
You have beautiful eyes. Our old car only had two doors, but the new one has four.

Circle the correct form.

; ,#:y,gÆ:a,Và#+: cborLodtï:::èrday. : ]K;:e, tffla:7yhoausrvberroyt:oe:gftadaî,r.ÆŒ a new gîrLfrLend.

1 My fiather / My parents has two cars. 6 These houses have l has b±g rooms.
2 Wc aJJ / Sc!JJy have blue eyes. 7 I can't read this book -it 7Îc!s / JÎc]cJ 800 pages.
3 I ÆÆi;c / JÎÆd a headache yesterday evening. 8 Ann had a good job Jczsf;;c¢r / r!ow.

We can make questions (H) and negatives (EE) with do/doef/d/.d + infinitive (without to).
(For questions and negatives without do, see page 10.)

® Make questions (E]) or negatives (E|) with Aove.

> you / a cat E ot^ hcive ci

> Eric / many friends E Er;o doesw't have i/wca

1 we / garden | We don't
2 they / any children E
3 Peter / a cold H
4 my aunt / a dog E
5 Mary / any brothers or sisters H
6 I / enough money E
7 Sally / a boyfriend E
8 Why / you / two cars E

Make sentences about Ann when she was six.

> a bicycle E ..PÇ.¢..S.h.?.hgyç..¢..9+.9t)P.tç.? ............... > a dog | she dldw't hc]ve fl d
i a computer E
2 very fair hair E]
3 lots of friends E
4 many nice clothes E
5 her own room E

8 BEANDHAVE
® Write sentences about yourself with / had and / d/.dn't have.
1 When 1 was a child, I had
2 When 1 was a child, I didn't have

FUTURE

H I/you/he/she/.it/we/they will have

E] will I/you/he e+c have?
El I/you/he e+c will not have

ContTactjlons..1'11, you'Il etc., won't (= will not)

We use w/.// (not) have to talk about the future.

One day, everybody will have enough food. Mary says that she won't have children.
To make future questions with hoye, we put w/.// before the subject.
STA:TE:MFNTEË.. |oh>!I have a car soon. _ Th:.::±i::^i:II :ave :I:e eyes..

quESTioNE|.. Wi.fil |ohn havea carsoon? Will the baby have blue eyes?

® Read the text and complete the sentences about |ohn's future.
This year, John doesn't have money, a job, a house, a girlfriend, a suit or a car.
He has a small room, a bicycle, old clothes, a guitar and a cat. But next year:
> more money E] He wlLL have More
> a small room E wciw't hcive a swaLL roow

> a cat E WtLL he hflve a

1 ajobE
2 a bicycle |]
3 a car E
4 . a house E
5 a girlfriend E
6 old clothes E
7 a suit E
8 a guitar E

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY: relations

Put in words from the box. Use a dictionary if necessary.
uncle aunt cousin niece nephew

1 Bill's sister has three daughters and a son, and Bill's brother has three sons. So Bill has three
wLec,es and four .......................

2 Bill's father has two brothers, both married; and his mother has two sisters, one married. So Bill
has three and four .......................
3 Bill's uncles and aunts have eight children. So Bill has
4 And you? I have

+ For auxiliary have, see page 52. i> For the present perfect (/ have hod), see page 52.
+ For hcJv€ o bofh etc, see page 11. + For more about future tenses, see Section 3.
i> For hove got, see page 10.

BEA;ND HAVE 9
ÆcziJc without do: 77Ævc go£ Have you got a cat?

E= I/you/we/they have got he/.she/it has got

E have l/you etc got? has he/she/it got?
EI I/you etc have not got he/she/it has not got

Contractiions.. I've, he's etc., haven't, hasn't

We often use got with ha`/e, especially in the present. This does not change the meaning: we use
hoveMo5 gor like haveÆa5 to talk about possession etc.
I have got .is the same as 1 have.
Ho`/e yow gof? is the same as Do )/oi/ ha`/e? (We don't use do/dœs with hcwe go£.)
She hasn't got .is \he same as She doesn't have.
I've got a cat. (more na+ural than l have a cat) Has she got a dog? (NOT Do€s she hcTve got...)
I haven't got a car. She's got a sister. You've got beautiful eyes. Have you got a cold?

© Write about |ohn's possessions etc.

> a bicycle: / J.qh.W.'S.9.9±..9
> suits: 2 ..' two sL{its
> a horse: , Gt horse

> any children: J ..ttç..k\.q.S.4:'.t.g.9t..9.Yyu oh;Ldrev.

1 brothers: 2
2 a car: ,
3 d08s: 3
4 a dictionary: /
S long hair: X
6 any sisters: J

Write four sentences about your possessions etc. Use words from Exercise 1.
1 I,ve 8Ot

To make questions (E) with hove got, we put hove/ha5 before the subject.
STA:rEMENTEÆ.. I !:Ïyegotacold. E:!;:sgotafast_Car. _ Suea:::!3SJ.::egottick:ts.

Q+JEsiioNEl.. Haveyougotacold? Has Ericgotafastcar? Have sueand|oegottickets?

Ann and Bill have got a [ot of money. Ask questions with have gof.
æ> they / big house .+:r.qy?..çh£Ü.g.9ç..9..¢.Ç9
1 they / big garden
2 Ann / good job
3 Bill / big car
4 they / plane
S they / any horses

Past forms (/ Aad goL etc) are unusual. We don't use got in the future.
She had a fast car. (more na+ural than She had got a fast car.) I wlll have. (NOT : ',.,'.'!! .h.~,'.^ gct)

œB For auxiliary hove, see page 52. TP For hove o bcnh etc, see page l l.

110 BEANDHAVE
Æ and Æ„; pronunciation of #7c

We use a before a consonant sound (for example, the normal sound of b, c, d, f, g, h).
abook acoat ahouse oletter anewidea
We use on before a vowel sound (for example, the normal sound of o, e, /., o, u).
anaddress anegg anidea anoldhouse

Put in a or an.
>..q... ticket >.q.T:. afternoon 1 ...... bicycle 2 ...... airport 3 ...... shop
4 ...... holiday 5 ...... exercise 6 ...... day 7 ...... American 8 ...... student

We choose o or an because of pronunciation, not spelling.

• a house, a hand, a head BUT an hour /aue/ (the h .is s.ilent, so hour .is l.ike our)
• an uncle, an umbrella, BUT a university (pronounced 'you-niversi.ty'), a European (pronounced `you-ropean'),
a uniform (pronounced `you-niform'), a useful book
• an orange, an opera, an office BUT a one-pound stamp (pronounced `wun ...')

Put in adjectives.
+ a. cær (expenstve) avu extl€n,sLve c,ar 5 an uncle (r!.c72)
> an address (#cw) ci wew ciddress 6 a job (casy)
1 a friend (oJd) 7 a.n exeicîse (hard)
2 an apple (bz.g) 8 a language (E#ropcc!#)
3 a child (#rî7]¢ppy) 9 a book (smczJJ)
4 a train (cÆrJy)

Before a consonant sound we pronounce th€ as /ôa/ (like the end of mofhcr).
Before a vowel sound we say /ôi/ (it rhymes with s€e).

Pronounce:
thebeginning thewoman thechild thetime theplace thehouse thehorse
theend theoldman theoffice theaddress theAmerican
the hour the one the university the European the uniform

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARV: seven useful things

Comp[ete the sentences with words from the box. Use o or on.

8
alarm clock /
Ë ÙJ§+ é?*
calculator torch envelope hammer knife
-ïStin-opener /

> You use..g..t.;.y¥.-.9.Î].çyy.?r........... to open tins. 3 You can see at night with
> .4y}..9.t9.r.".9.lçi.ç.e...... wakes you up
in the morning. 4 You can put nails into wood with
1 You can use ................................. when you
send a letter. 5 ........................ „ ....... is useful for

2 ................................. is useful for mathematics. cutting things.

146 ARTICLES: A/ANAND THE

personal pronouns: J and mc etc

SUB|ECTS I you he she it we they

OTHER USES me you him her it us them

SUBJECTS: /, #£ ETC I like Mary. He needs help. They want your address.
0B|ECTS: M£ ETC Mary doesn't like me. Help him. Don't tell them anything.
AFTER PREPOSITI0NS: ME ETC Look at me. Why is |ane wjth him? Is that for us?
`Who's there?' 'It's me.' (NOT USUA;W 'It is 1.')
AFTER 8£: ME ETC
'Is that |oe?' 'Yes, that's him.'
'Who said that?' `Me.' 'I'm tired.' 'Me too.'
INFORMAL ANSWERS: ME ETC

Circle the correct answer.

>©/Mcdon'tunderstand. S `Where's your brother?' `That's Jic / 72!.m over
1 `Who said that?' 'It was sÆc / 7Îer.' there.,
2 Tell wc / ws your address. 6 Where are the children? Can you
3„ This isn't for you, it's for J!c / 7!r.m. see they? / them?
4 I don't think £7!cy / fÆcm are here today. 7 Ask she / her why she / her ±s cryïng.

Put .in he, him, she, her, they or them.

1 `Does your father speak English?' ` ................. understands a little.'
2 `I'm seeing Lucy and Pete on Tuesday.' 'Oh, give ................. my love.'
3 `Mr Carter's here.' 'Ask ................. to wait downstairs.'
4 Where are your friends? ................. 're very late.
5 'Have you spoken to Mrs Lewis?' `Not yet. I'm going to phone ................. this evening.'
6 'Where's Ann?' ` ................. 's in Germany all this week.'

We use /.t, they and them for things, including (usually) countries and animals.
I like scotland, but it's cold in winter. She sold her horse because it cost too much.

® Put .in it, they or them.

1 `Where are my keys?' ` ................. 're on that chair.'
2 `Where did that cat come from?' ` .................. came in through the window.'
3 `What did you think of the film?' ` ................. 's not very good.'
4 `What shall I do with these letters?' `}ust put ................. on the table.'
5 `Can 1 have John's address?' `1'11 give ................. to you this afternoon.'
6 `Did you enjoy your holiday in lreland?' `Yes ,................. 's a wonderful place.'
7 `Where are your glasses?' 'I've lost ................. '
8 `Would you like tickets for the concert?' `How much do cost?,

We use /.t to talk about times, dates, distances and the weather.
It's five o'clock. It's Tuesday. It's December l 7th today. It's my birthday
lt's 20 miles from my house to the centre of oxford. It's cold today. It's ra.ining.

Write true answers to these questions beginning /f'5 ...

1 What time is it? It's 3 What's the date?
2 What day is it? 4 How far is it to London?

180 PERSONAL PRONOUNS; POSSESSIVES

We don't usually leave out personal pronouns. (For exceptions in spoken English, see page 271.)

|an arrived in America in 1976. He found a job in a clothes shop. (NOT Fcunc! a jcb -...)
'What languages do you know?' '1 can speak some German.' (NOT 'Can spec:k` „.')
'Is your room OK?' 'Yes, I like it.' (NoiT 'Y€s,1 !ik€.')

Write answers, using /, you, etc.

> `What time is the next train?' (8.30, Jeflvcs, a£)
`it Leaves cit

L `Where's ]ot\n?' (has, London, to, moved)

2 'Have you seen my glasses?' (o#, cJîflz.r, ¢rc, #!af)

3 `What do you think of my new shoes?' (Ji.kc)

4 'What's Elisabeth going to do?' (mcd!.c[.#c, sft/dy, gojrig £o, js)

5 `I'm leamingGreek.' 'Is it easy?' (No, d£ffictJJf, js)

GRAMMAR AND VOCABUIARY: weather

Make sure you know the adjectives and verbs in the box. Use a dictionary if necessary.
Then label the pictures.
ADiECTivES:cloudy cold foggy/ hot sunny warm windy
VERBS: hail / rain snow

B !ç.'S.h.qç.L.ÇIAa ....... > .i.t.'S..fQ998: ....... 1 ......................... 2 ......................... 3 .........................

456.........................7.........................8.........................

ln conversation, we often use me after ond in subjects. Many people feel this is incorrect.
|ohn and me saw a great film last night. (More 'correc.r.. |ohn and 1 ...)

PERSONAL PRONOUNS; POSSESSIVES 1181

possessives: 7#y, yozÆr etc This is my coat.

This is my coat.
That's your problem.
|ohn's visiting his mother.
Ann looks like her brothers.
The club has its meetings on Tuesdays.
We - Our Our friends |oe and Pat are staying with us.
they - their The children have spent all their money.
who? + whose? Whose coat is this?

Possessives don't change for singular and plural.

our friend our friends (NorT cur=. friier;,ds)

Note how we use h/.s and her: ff a boy or man has something, we use hi.ç if a girl or woman has
something, we use hcr.
I saw |ohn and hJs sister yesterday. (NciT ... Johr: c:r:,d h,e: sist€r ...)
Mary and her brother are students. (NOT .',lc;r`r c:,r;d h,is brcvth€r ...)

We often use possessives with parts of the body and clothes.

Phll has broken hls am. (NorT Ph!! t:c= b:ck`€n th.^ u^rrr:.)
She stood there with her eyes closed and her hands in her pockets.

Put in the correct possessives.

B Ann's lost ......¢.çr....... keys.
> Would you like to wash .... U9.kçr..... hands?
1 Peter says ................. wife is ill.
2 We're taking ................. holiday inJune.
3 ................. car is that outside?
4 My bank has changed ................. name.
S I'm going to sell ................. motorbike.
6 My students have got ................. exam next week.
7 John writes to ................. girlfriend every day.
8 Ann lives with ................. father in Portugal.
9 Please put ................. coats upstairs.
10 Robert broke ................. 1eg skiing last winter.
11 `What film did you see?' `Sorry, I've forgotten ...... name.,

'Your loving son,'

182 PERSONAL PRONOUNS; POSSESSIVES

® Who sold what to who? Make sentences.
ANN: car + |oHN: bike + PETER: dog + MARy: house + PAT AND SAM: motorbike + BILL: piano +
ALICE: coat + MICHAEL: camera + HELEN: guitar + MARILyN: hair-dryer + TOM: dictionary + ANN

>Æ.yy.t*.S.9.t¢.
1 John sold
2 Peter

Look at the picture and complete the text.

> Aww and >.h.ç.r.h.*.S.Q9..yy.¢..¥.L.çL.. went on holiday with i .................................
and 2 in 3 ................................. There's room for six in the van, so Ann invited
4 to go with them, but she didn't ask s ................................., because Bill
doesn't get on with Lucy. Bill asked 6 ................................., but she said no, because she doesn't like
Frank. Then Bill asked 7 ................................., but he wasn't free. However, 8 .................................
was happy to go with them, so everything was OK.

We don't use cr/cin, fh€, fh/.s or thof before possessives.

my car (NOT t,L,€ ,m,.y ccir-) this idea oR my idea (NOT#-rmiy id€æù

Don't confuse i.fs (possessive) and i.t'5 (= 'i.r i.s' or 'i.t hos' -see page 277). Compare:
The company had its annual meeting yesterday. It's losing a lot of money.

ESSIVES 183