P (1) (2) d θ θ I 45° 90° 90° P r (1) (2) : Physics: Hints and Solutions

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Physics : Hints and Solutions ®

Pre-Medical
 MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION (EMI)
 ALTERNATING CURRENT
 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (EMW)
BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 7. Magnetic field due to wire (1) :-

5. Magnetic field at point 'P' due to wire (1) & (2) is µ0 I
B1 = (sin 45° + sin 90°)
zero because point P lies on the axis of these  r 
wires. Magnetic field at point P due to wire (3) is 4π  
 2
given by:-
2µ0 I  1 
P =  + 1
4π r  2 
θ1 θ2
(1) I (2)
d 90° P
45° 90°
(2) r 45°
(3)
a 45°
µ0 I (1)
Bp = (sin θ1 + sin θ2 )
4πd
2µ0 I  1 + 2  µ0 I
d=
3a =
4π r 

2 
 =
4π r
1+ 2 ⊗ ( )
2
and θ1 = θ2 = 30° Magnetic field due to wire (2) :-
µ0 I µ0 I µ0 I
BP=
 3a 
(sin 30° + sin 30°) =
2 3π a
 B2 =
4π r
(
1+ 2 ⊗ , )
4π 
 2 
  (because point P is symmetrical about both the
6. Magnetic field due to wire (1) wires)
µ0 ( 5 ) Net magnetic field at point 'P' due to both wires
B1 = ⊗
2π ( 7.5 ) µ0 I
Bp = B1 + B2 = 2.
4π r
(
1+ 2 )
(1) (2)
µ0 I
=
2π r
(
1+ 2 ⊗ )
5A 2.5A P 8. Magnetic field due to wire (1) and (2) is zero
because origin lies on the extended axis of these
wires
5m 2.5m
y axis
Magnetic field due to wire (2)
µ ( 2.5 )
B2 = 0 ⊗
2π ( 2.5 )
(2) I (3)
Net magnetic field at point 'P' due to both wires O (1)
µ0 ( 5 ) µ ( 2.5 )
x axis
Bp = B1 + B2 = + 0 I
2π ( 7.5 ) 2π ( 2.5 ) (4)
5µ0
d d
µ0 2 
=
2π  3 + 1  = 6π ⊗
 
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Physics : Hints and Solutions
Pre-Medical
Magnetic field due to wire (3) :- 11. Direction of magnetic fields at point A and C is
opposite but having same magnitude so magnetic
µ I µ I
B3 = 0 ( sin 0° + sin 90° ) = 0  field at these points is zero.
4πd 4πd
(2)
µ I µ I
I
B4 = 0 ( sin 0° + sin 90° ) = 0  B A
4πd 4πd O I
Net magnetic field at point ‘O’ due to wire (3) a (1)
and (4)
C D
µ0 I µ0 I µ0 I
B0 = B3 + B4 = + =
4πd 4πd 2πd a
9. Magnetic field due to wire (1) & (2) is zero, 12. B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B (say)
because point P lies on the axis of these wires Resultant magnetic field
P (1) BR = (2B)2 + (2B)2

45° BR = 8B2
45°
BR = 2 2 B
(2) (3)
(1)
(4) I
aI B4
Magnetic field due to wire (3) B2
(2) (4)
µ I µ0 I I O B1 B3 I
B3 = 0 ( sin 0° + sin 45° ) = 
4πa 4 2πa
I
µ I µ0 I
B4 = 0 ( sin 0° + sin 45° ) =  (3)
4πa 4 2πa
OR
Net magnetic field due to wire (3) and (4) :-
2B
µ0 I µ0 I
Bp = B3 + B4 = 2. =
4 2π a 2 2π a
10. Magnetic field at mid point :-
(1) (2) 2B
P BA
i 2i A B
d d P
13.(a)
5I (6–x) x 2I
B = (B2 − B1 )  BB
 µ (2i) µ0 i  Suppose magnetic field at the distance x from 'B'
∴B=  0 −  is zero so at that point magnetic field due to
 2πd 2πd  wires A and B will be equal in magnitude.
µ0 i BA = BB
= = B  .........(1)
2πd
µ0 (5I) µ (2I)
After switching off 2i current, magnetic field = 0
remain due to wire (1) only :- 2π(6 − x) 2πx
µ i 5 1 12
B1 = 0 = B ⊗ [from (1)] = ; x= cm
2πd 2(6 − x) x 7
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a/2
BA (b) tan45°= (3)
A B d S R
(b) × x P
d=
a
(4)
5I 2I 2 tan 45°
6+x BB I O
(2)
a
When current is in opposite direction the = 45° 45°
2 d
magnetic field will not be zero between wires A P Q
( B1 = B2 = B3 = B4
and B. Suppose it is zero at point 'P' then a/2 M a/2
BA = BB = B = magnetic (1)
a
µ0 (5I) µ (2I) field at ‘O’ due to
= 0
2π(6 + x) 2πx
each side)
5 1
= ; x = 4 cm µ0 I
2(6 + x) x B= (sin 45° + sin 45°)
4π(a / 2)
a/2
14. (a) tan60°=
d µ0 I  1 1  2 µ0 I
B=  + =
R 4π(a / 2)  2 2 2πa
B4 = B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 = 4B
(1)  2 µ0 I  2 2 µ0 I
(2) ∴ B4=4B=4=  = 
 2πa  πa
O  
OR
60° 60°
d I Use polygon result, put n = 4
P Q
a/2 M a/2(3) (c) tan30°=
a/2
a d
a a T S
d= =
2 tan 60° 2 3
( B1 = B2 = B3 = B = magnetic field at ‘O’ due U O R
to each side)
30° 30°
µ I P Q
B = 0 (sinθ1 + sinθ2)
4πd a
µ0 I
B= (sin60° + sin60°) a 3a
4π(a / 2 3) d= =
2 tan 30° 2
µ0 I 3  3 3
=  +  (B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B5 = B6 = B = magnetic
2πa  2 2 
3µ0 I field at O due to each side)
= µ0 I
2πa B= (sin 30° + sin 30°)
B3 = B1 + B2 + B3 = 3B  3a 
4π 
 3µ I  9µ I  2 
∴ B3 = 3B = 3  0  = 0  
 2πa  2πa µ0 I1 1 µ0 I
OR
B= 2 + 2 =
2 3 πa   2 3πa
µ I π π
Bn = n  0  tan   sin   B6 = B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 + B5 + B6 = 6B
 πa  n n
 µ0 I  3 µ0 I
n=3 B6 = 6   = 
 2 3 πa  πa
3µ I π π 9 µ0 I
B = 0 tan   sin   = 
πa 3
  3
  2 πa OR
Use polygon result, put n = 6
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BEGINNER'S BOX - 2 4. Case I :- Current in same direction
1. Current and number of turns are equal for both
µ0 NI µ0 NI
coils, so Bi = +
B R 2R1 2R2
1 r/2 1
B0 ∝ ⇒ 1 = 2 = =
R B2 R1 r 2
R2 I
2. Magnetic field at centre of coil (N=1)
µ I O I
Bo = 0 ....... (1) R1
2R

From  = 2πR put R = in equation (1)
2π
µ0 I µ Iπ µ0 NI  1 1 
B0 = = 0 =  + 
2( / 2π)  2  R1 R2 
4π × 10−7 × 3.14 × 3.14 –6 µ0 NI  R2 + R1 
B= = 2 × 10 T =   ------ (1)
6.28 2  R1 R2 
3. (I = constant  = constant)
Case II :- Current in opposite direction
µ0 NI
B0 = N (2πR) =  µ0 NI µ NI
2R Bii = − 0
 2R1 2R2
NR = = constant
2π
N 1 R2 I
B0 ∝ ----- (1) N∝ ------ (2)
R R O I
From (1) & (2)
R1
When N given...... B ∝ N2
µ0 NI  1 1 
=  − 
1 2  R1 R2 
When R given.... B∝
R2
µ0 NI  R2 − R1 
According to this question N is given. =   ------ (2)
2 2  R1 R2 
B 1
=   ; B' = 9B ; field becomes 9 times
B' 3 From (1) & (2)
OR Bi R + R1 30 + 10 2
µ I = 2 = =
B0 = 0 ...(i) Bii R2 − R1 30 − 10 1
2R
5. Magnetic field at centre is zero
µ NI
B '0 = 0 B1 = B2
2r
µ0 N1 I1 µ0 N2 I2 (2) (1)
∴ N × 2πr = 2πR =
2R1 2R2 O
R
R1 R2
r= Given that
N
(I1 = I2, N1 : N2 = n1 : n2,
µ0 NI.N
∴ B '0 = R1 : R2 = 2 : 1)
2.R
N1 I R
µ I = 2 × 1
B '0 = N2  0  , N2 R 2 I1
 2R 
n1 R1
⇒ = ( I1 = I2)
B '0 = N2 B 0 n2 R2
here N = 3
n1 2
=
∴ B '0 = 9B0 n2 1
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6. (i) (a) Magnetic field due to straight parts is zero (b) Point 'O' is located on the extended axis of
because point 'O' lies on their extended axis. straight parts so magnetic field at ‘O’ will be
Magnetic field due to circular arc at point 'O' :- zero.
µ Iα For circular arc (1):-
B0 = 0 (Where α = π ) ;
4πR I (2)
µ0 I( π) µ0 I
B0 = = ⊗ (1) 2R
4πR 4R
R
I R O
O B1 =
µ0 I( π) µ0 I
= 
4πR 4R
(b) Magnetic field due to straight wire (1) and (3):-
For circular arc (2):-
µ0 I
B1 = (sin 0° + sin 90°)  µ0 I( π) µ0 I
4πR B2 = = ⊗
4R(2R) 8R
µ0 I
B3 = (sin 0° + sin 90°) ⊗ So net magnetic field at point 'O' :-
4πR
µ I µ I µ I
Magnetic field due to circular arc (2) B0 = B3 – B4 = 0 – 0 = 0 
4R 8R 8R
µ 0 Iα
B2 = , (iii) (a) Magnetic field at 'O' due to straight wire :-
4πR
(1) (3) µ0 I µ I
(where α = π/2) I Bwire =  and Bloop = 0 
2πR 2R
µ0 I( π 2) µ0 I (2) R
B2 = = ⊗ So net magnetic field at point 'O' :-
4πR 8R 90° B0 = Bwire+ Bloop
So net magnetic field R O
at point 'O' :-
B0 = (B1 – B3) + B2 R O
µ0 I
B0 = ⊗ I
8R
(ii) (a) Point 'O' is located on the extended axis of µ0 I µ0 I µ0 I  1 
B0 = + = +1 
straight parts so their magnetic field at 'O' will be 2πR 2R 2R  π 
zero. Magnetic field due to circular arc :- (b) Due to both straight wire B is in same
µ Iα direction
B= 0  µ0 I µ0 I 
4πR Bwire= B1 += B2  B1 = ,B2 
 4πR 4πR 
(2)
µ I
2R Bwire= 0 
2πR
O
3
R
(1)
R O
For arc (1) :-
µ 0 Iπ µ 0 I i
B1 = =  ( α = π) 1 2
4πR 4R
µ0 I
For arc (2) :- and Bloop = ⊗
2R
µ 0 Iπ µ I
B2 = = 0  ( α=π) So net magnetic field at point 'O':-
4R(2R) 8R
B0 = Bloop – Bwire( Bloop> Bwire)
So net magnetic field at point 'O' :-
µ0 I µ0 I µ0 I  1
µ0 I µ0 I 3 µ0 I = = – 1 – ⊗
B0 = B1 + B2 = + =  2R 2πR 2R  π
4R 8R 8 R
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(iv)(a) Due to wire (1) and (2) magnetic field at 'O' is in So net magnetic field at point 'O' :-
same direction so µ0 I 3µ0 I
B0 = B1 + B2 = +
(1) 4πR 8R
I
I R (3) =
µ0 I  2 
+ 3 
8R  π 
(2) (b) Point 'O' is located on the extended axis of
µ0 I µ I straight parts (4) and (6), so B4=B6=0
B1 = (sin 0° + sin 90°) = 0 = B2 ⊗
4πR 4πR Magnitude and direction of magnetic field at 'O'
due to wire (1) and (3) is same so
Magnetic field due to circular arc:-
µ I µ I
µ I( π) µ I B1 = 0 (sin0° + sin90°) = 0 =B3 
B3 = 0 = 0 ⊗ 4πR 4πR
4πR 4R
Due to circular arc (2) and (5) magnetic field at
'O'
B0 = (B1 + B2 + B3) ⊗ circular arc (2) and (5) is same so :-
µ0 I µ I µ I µ0 I µ0 I I
B0 = + 0 + 0 = + (2)
4πR 4πR 4R 2πR 4R (1)
µ0 I  1 1  R O (6)
= + ⊗
2R  π 2  R
(b) Due to wire (1) and (2) direction and (5)
magnitude of field at 'O' is same
I (1) (3) (4)

(3) R O µ0 I( π 2) µ0 I
B2 = = = B5 
(2)  4πR 8R
so resultant magnetic field at 'O' :-
µ I µ I
So B1 = 0 (sin 0° + sin 90°) = 0 = B2 ⊗ B0 = B1 + B3 + B2 + B5
4πR 4πR
µ0 I µ I µ I µ I
Magnetic field due to circular arc :- = + 0 + 0 + 0
4πR 4πR 8R 8R
µ0 I( π) µ0 I µ0 I µ0 I µ0 I  2 
B3 = =  = + = + 1 
4πR 4R 2πR 4R 4R  π 
Resultant magnetic field at point 'O' :- (vi) (a) Magnetic field due to straight parts is zero
B0 = B3 – (B1 + B2) [ B3 > (B1 + B2)] because point 'O' lies on their extended axis.
Magnetic field due to circular arc
µ0 I µ0 I µ0 I  1 1 
= = – – 
4R 2πR 2R  2 π 
(v) (a) Point 'O' is located on the axis of straight O R
part (3) so B3 = 0 90°
R
I (1) I
R
O
(2) R (3) µ 0 Iα
B0 = , (where α = 3π/2)
4πR
µ0 I µ I
B1 = (sin 0° + sin90°) = 0  µ I(3π 2) 3µ0 I
4πR 4πR B0 = 0 = ⊗
4πR 8R
Magnetic field due to circular arc :-
(b) Magnetic field due to straight parts (1) and (2)
3  is zero because point 'O' lies on their
µ0 I  π 
B2 =  2  = 3µ0 I  extended axis.
4πR 8R
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B1 = B2=0 B
Magnetic field due to circular arcs (3) and (4) I1
µ Iα
B3 = 0  and I O
4πR A C
r
I (4)
I2 D
I(R2 )  10  2I
I1 = = I =
(R1 + R2 )  15  3
(1) (2)
IR1 I
(3) I2 = =
R1 + R 2 3
2R
∴ Net magnetic field at the centre :-
60° R
µ µ  2I I  µ0 I
(B0)net 0 = (I1 – I2) = 0  – = ⊗
O 4r 4r  3 3  12r
9. Decrease in field value with respect to centre
µ 0 Iα
B4 = ⊗, ∆Bx = B0 – Bx
4π(2R)
π I
(where α = ) x
3
B0 BX
µ0 I( π 3)  1 µ I
B0 = (B3 – B4) = 1– = 0 
4πR  2  24R
 3 x2 
7. Magnetic field at 'O' due to circular arc (2) and (3) = B0 – B0 1 − 
is same in magnitude but direction is opposite.  2 R2 

So their net magnetic field is zero.
 3 x2 
= B0  . 
(1) 5A  2 R2 
 
R Fractional decrease in field value (Where x <<< R)
(2) (3)
O
∆B x 3 x2
R = (limit < 5%)
B0 2 R2
(4) 5A
1 3 x2 R
Due to straight parts (1) and (4) magnitude and ⇒ = ⇒x = ±
100 2 R2 150
direction of magnetic field is same at 'O' so
µ I
BEGINNER'S BOX - 3
B1 = 0 (sin0° + sin90°) =B4  1. Field inside the conductor
4πR
µ Ir R
net magnetic field at point 'O' :- Bin = 0 , where r =
2 2
µ I 2π R
B0 = B1 + B4 = 0 µ0 I(R / 2) µ0 I
2πR = = ... (1)
2 4πR
µ0 (5) 50µ0 2π R
= = T
2π × 5 × 10 –2 π Field outside the conductor :-
= 2 × 10–5 T  µ0 I
Bout = , where r = 2R
8. Magnetic field at the centre due to arc ABC and 2π r
ADC :-
µ0 I µ I
µ I µ I = = 0 ... (2)
BABC = 0 1 ⊗ , BADC= 0 2  2π ( 2R ) 4πR
4r 4r
Both arc are connected in parallel with source, From (1) & (2)
so V= IR = constant
Bin 1
=
Bout 1
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2. Field outside the conductor 5. (a) Magnetic field inside the conductor :-
µ I µ0 Ir µ0 r  I 
5 × 10–6 = 0 , where r = 2R Bin = =  
2 2  πR2 
2πr 2πR
µ0 I µ0 r I
5 × 10–6 = …
.. (1) = (J), (Where J= current density)
2π(2R) 2 πR2
4π × 10 –7 × 2 × 10 –3 × 100
I =
2
–8
= 4π × 10 T
O 2R
R 2R (b) Magnetic field outside the conductor :-
P 3 µ0 I I
Bout = [ J = ⇒ I = J(πR2)]
2πr πR2
Field inside the conductor :- µ0 J( πR2 ) µ JR2
µ0 I r  R  2R = = 0
Bp = , where r =  R −  = 2πr 2r
2 3 3
2π R 
4π × 10 –7 × 100 × (3 ×10 –3 )2
µ I ( 2R / 3 ) 1  µ0 I  1 20 =
= 0 = =   (20)×10–6= µT 2 × 4 × 10 –3
2 3 πR 3 3
2πR  
3. Field inside cross- section of 9π
= × 10–8 T
conductor 2
b
I BEGINNER'S BOX - 4
r 2. Magnetic field at axial mid point of solenoid X
O
and Y:–
a
N
B = µ0nI where n =

µ0 I  r 2 − a2  Magnetic field at axial mid point of new solenoid
Bp =  
2πr  b2 − a2  2N
B' = µ0n'I, (where n' = = n) = µ0nI = B
2
[a=R, b=2R, r = 3R/2] 3. As the solenoids are identical, the currents in Q
µ0 I  ( 3R / 2 ) − ( R )
2 2 and R will be same and will be half the current in
5 µ0 I
=   = .
 3R   ( 2R )2 − ( R )2  36 πR P. The magnetic field within a solenoid is given
2π   
 2  by B = µ0nI. Hence the field in Q will be equal to
4. Magnetic field at surface of conductor :-
the field in ‘R’ and will be half the field in ‘P’ i.e.
µ I
BS = 0 = B will be 1.0T.
2πR
BEGINNER'S BOX - 5
Inside conductor distance r from centre :-
1. Magnetic force on moving charge :-
µ0 Ir
µ I r
Bin = = 0   Here :-
2πR 2 2πR  R   
⇒ v||B
r ⇒ θ = 0°
∴ B in = B S  
R  Fm = qvBsinθ
Bin 1 ∴ Fm = 0
= , (BS = B)
B 2 2. Velocity of charge is perpendicular to the
B magnetic field so magnetic
Bin =
2 force on charge :-
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y-axis Type Concept rp : rd : r
(a) v → same m 1:2:2

r∝
q
(b) p → same 1 2:2:1
90° r∝
x-axis q
(q,m)
(c) Ek → same
   r∝
m 1: 2 :1
F=
m q(v × B)
q
ˆ
= 10–11 × 108 × 0·5 [iˆ × ˆj] = 5 × 10–4 [k] (d) Vacc.→ same r∝ m/q 1: 2 : 2
=5 × 10–4 N, along + z–direction
3. Kinetic energy of proton :- 6.
Type Concept Ratio
1
EK = mv2 = 2 × 106 × 1·6 × 10–19 Joule. (a) v→ ratio q 2: 1 : 1
2 v∝
m
2E K
v= (b) p→ratio p∝q 1: 1 : 2
m
(c) Ek→ratio q2 2: 1 : 2
Ek ∝
2 × 3·2 × 10 –13 m
= ,where m=1·67 × 10–27kg
–27
1·67 × 10 (d) Vacc.→ratio q 2: 1 : 1
Vacc.∝
= 2 × 107 m/s m
7. Curvature or sharpness of the curve (C) :–
magnitude of magnetic force on proton
1
Fm = qvB = 1·6 × 10–19 × 2 × 107 × 2·5, C∝ ∝θ
r
= 8 × 10–12 N 3 c=0
4. Magnetic field of wire is perpendicular to the
direction of motion of electron. So magnetic r=∞
force on electron. 1
2
θ1
Bwire θ2 r1 >r2
v c1 <c2
I
d θ1<θ2
(Instantaneous) (q,m)
(q,m)
Where r → radius of curvature or radius
θ → deflection of charge from its initial
direction of motion.
µ I µ I
Fm = qvB (θ=90°), where B= 0 =qv  0  Type Concept r–ratio Curvature Deflection
2πd  2πd 
q,B→same  1 (θ ∝ C)mp
 2 × 10 –7 × 5   C∝ 
 r
= 1·6 × 10–19 × 106 ×    1840 me
 10 ×10 –2 
  (a) v→ same r∝m 1840:1 Cp < Ce θp < θe
= 1·6 × 10–18
N (rp > re)
5. Mass and charge of p, d and α–particle (b) p→same r→ same 1:1 Cp = Ce θp = θe
Particle Mass Charge (rp = re)
Proton mp +e (c) EK→same r∝ m 1840 :1 Cp < Ce θp < θe
Deutron 2 mp +e (rp > re)
Alpha 4 mp +2e (d) (Vacc.→same r r∝ m 1840 :1 Cp < Ce θp < θe
–27
where mp = 1.67 × 10 kg.
(rp > re)
and e = 1.6 × 10–19 cb
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2πm m 11. Time period of circular motion of charge does
8. (a) T = ⇒T∝
qB q not depends on angle of projection with the field
mp 2mp 4mp direction so when angle of projection is 60° then
⇒ TP : Td : Tα = : : time period remains same.
e e 2e 12.
=1:2 :2 (a) E = 0, B = 0 ⇒ Fnet = 0 (always)
qB q 
(b) f = ⇒ f∝ (b) E = 0, B ≠ 0 ⇒ Fnet = 0 (may be when v ||
2πm m   
B or v anti || B )
e e 2e
⇒ fp : fd : fα = : : (c) E ≠ 0,B ≠ 0 ⇒ Fnet = 0 (may be when
mp 2mp 4mp  
Fe = −Fm )
1 1
:
=1:
2 2 (d) E ≠ 0, B = 0 ⇒ Fnet = Fe ≠ 0 (always non zero)
=2:1 : 1 So possible conditions of electric and magnetic
qB q field for zero net force on moving charge are (a),
(c) ω = ⇒ ω∝
m m (b) and (c)
e e 2e 
⇒ ωp : ωd : ωα= : : 13. v = Constant
mp 2mp 4mp 
|a | = 0
1 1 
=1: : | Fnet |= 0 In condition (a), (b), (c) net force
2 2
=2: 1:1 on a moving charge may be zero but in (d)
  
9. Radius of helical path Fnet ≠ 0 , a ≠0 ⇒ v ≠ constant (always)
mv sin θ 14. In (a),(b),(c) charge may moves along straight line
r= 
qB with constant speed (as v = may be constant)
v In (d) if charge is projected with parallel to
   
electric field (v||E) or anti parallel ( v anti|| E )
then it moves along on straight line with
60° accelerated motion (speed↑) or retarded
B
(q,m) motion (speed↓)
E≠ 0
1.67 × 10−27 × 4 × 105 × 3 / 2 
→
= = 1.2 cm 
1.6 × 10−19 × 0.3 ⊕ v (θ = 0°) (speed ↑) ( v || E )
Pitch of helical path :- Fe
2πm 
Fe (θ = 180°) (speed ↓) ( v anti||E )

p = (v cosθ)T, [where T =
qB
] v ⊕
15. (a), (b), (c)⇒ Speed may be constant
4 × 105 × cos 60° × 2 × 3.14 × 1.67 × 10−27
≈ 4.35cm
1.6 × 10−19 × 0.3 (d) ⇒ Speed never be constant
10. Radius of helical path  
16. v ⊥ B , so apply right hand palm rule to find
y-axis
B v out direction of magnetic force. Hence cosmic
particles deflected towards east.
θ
60° x-axis B N
(+e,mp)
mv sin θ v
r= , where θ = (90°–60°) = 30° W E
qB Fm
1.67 × 10−27 × 2 × 106 × sin 30°
= = 0.1m
1.6 × 10−19 × 0.104 S
Time period of proton 
OR
 
2π m 2 × 3.14 × 1.67 × 10 −27
–7
Fm → (v × B)
T= = =6.28×10 s 
qB 1.6 ×10−19 × 0.104 Fm → ( −kˆ × ˆj) =î east
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17. Sense of path gives an idea of direction of B N
magnetic force (i.e. centripetal force), along +y–
direction. Now direction of external magnetic v B[vt.downwards]
field can be find out by right hand palm rule. W E
+
Hence magnetic field direction along +z–direction. Fm e Fe E
y-axis
S
B     
(ACW in xy plane)
Fm Fe = −Fm ⇒| Fnet |=0,| a |=0⇒ v = constant
Fm Now right hand palm rule gives the direction of
OR magnetic field in that region.
e– v e– v →  
x-axis 21. Fm = ± q (v × B)
Therefore direction of magnetic field is given by 
Fm ⇒ + ( k̂ × î ) = + ĵ , ⇒ along + y direction
right hand palm rule.
OR 22. According to right hand palm rule electron beam
   will be deflected upwards.
Fm → (v × B)
ˆ (to obtain the direction of magnetic
ˆj → −(iˆ × k) Bwire
force along y-axis, magnetic field should be 90° V
vertically upwards. i.e. along z-axis. I
18. Nature of both type of rays are unlike and they Fm e–beam
are moving in opposite direction in same OR
transverse field so they are deflected in same   
Fm → (v × B)
direction according to 
Fm → −( −î × ˆj) =kˆ (vertically upwards)
Cathode Positive
rays rays 
→
E≠0
23.
B≠0

→
Anode Cathode ⊕ → Fe
v = 0 at t = 0
Due to electric force charge moves along straight
 
Discharge tube line and parallel to the magnetic field (v||B) .
   So no magnetic force exerts on it during motion.
Fm = ± q( v × B ) or right hand palm rule. BEGINNER'S BOX - 6
19. According to right hand palm rule positive
1. Magnetic field produced by solenoid is along its
charges moves on ACW circular path in ⊗ B and axis so magnetic force on conductor given as
negative charges moves on CW circular path in Fm = BIL sinθ=(2.5 × 10–2) (5) (5 × 10–2) sin 30°
= 31.2 × 10–4 N
⊗ B so the path shown in figure is of electron  
2. L and B both are perpendicular to each other,
(negative charge) so magnetic force on wire 'LN' given
× f N
B=5T
× × ×
× × × →
L I
× × ×
×× ×
× × Where |L|=10cm
→
20. Electric force exerts on proton towards east (in

the direction of electric field). For undeflected
path magnetic force exerts on proton towards L i
  10
west which is equal to electric force as Fm = BIL (L ⊥ B) = 5 × 10 × = 5N
100
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3. Magnetic force on wire ABCDEF in uniform 5. Magnetic force per unit length
   
magnetic field given as Fm = I (L × B) , where L µ I I
fm = 0 1 2 .....(1)
is the displacement between free ends of the 2πd
conductor from initial to final point. µ (2I ) (2I2 ) 8µ0 I1I2
f'm = 0 1 = .........(2)
2π ( d 2 ) 2πd
z from (1) & (2)
f'm = 8fm = 8 × 2 × 10–3 = 16 × 10–3 N/m
6. Resultant force on '' length of wire Q
I Fnet = (ƒR – ƒP), (ƒR >ƒP)
i
→  µ (6) (4) µ0 (2) (4) 
B =  0 – × 10×10–2
→ y  2π (2) 2π (2) 
L
x f = 16 × 10–8 N, towards right
7. Force on 10 cm length of wire AD :-
 
L = () î , B = (B) ĵ A B
 
L⊥ B

Fm = BIL (iˆ × ˆj) 25A 15A 10cm.
ˆ = BI, along +z direction
= BI (k)
4. FPQ = I Bsinθ = IB sin90° = IB ...(1) D C
25cm
5cm
FQR = I'B sin30°
µ0 × 25 × 15 × (10 × 10−2 )
Q FAD = ....(1)
2π × 5 × 10 –2
60° µ0 × 25 × 15 × (10 × 10−2 )

FBC = ....(2)
I 2π × 30 × 10−2
' Wire AB and DC located in non uniform
 30° B
30° magnetic field
So force on elemental length of these wire will be
of same magnitude and opposite direction
P R therefore

net

force on wire AB and DC will be
zero FAB + FCD = 0 (always)

=I B sin30° Fnet = FAD – FBC (towards wire) (FAD > FBC)
cos 60
µ0 × 25 × 15 × 10 × 10−2  1 1 
= I(2) B ×
1
= I  B ...(2)
=  5 − 30 
2π × 10−2  
2
= 1.25 × 10–4 N, attraction
from (1) & (2)
FPQ I B 8. Due to unlike currents, magnetic force per unit
= =1:1 length of wire ‘Q’ :-
FQR I B
OR µ0 I1I2
fm = N/m ....(1)
In closed loop 2πh
  
FPQ + FQR + FPR =
0
fm(N/m)
 → 
FPR = 0 (because PR || B )
  Q (free)
FPQ = −FQR 25A
 
h W'(N/m)
|FPQ |=|FQR | P (fixed)
50A
FPQ 1
= Weight per unit length of wire Q :-
FQR 1
W' = λg N/m ....(2)
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where λ ⇒ mass per unit length (kg/m)
θ=120°⇒Mnet= M2 + M2 + 2MM cos120° =M
At balanced condition of wire ‘Q’ :-
µ I I
fm = W' ⇒ 0 1 2 = λg S N
2πh
[from (1) & (2)]
M M
µ0 I1I2 4π × 10−7 × 50 × 25
h= = = 3.33 mm
2πλg 2π × 0.075
9. At balanced condition of free wire :- N S
I1=100A
(fixed) (e) S M N
2cm. According to polygon rule of vector addition if all
(free) vector can be represented by sides of polygon in
i2
sequence the resultant (sum) of all vectors is zero
fm = λg so Mnet = 0
µ0 I1I2 S N
= λg
2πd N N
2πλgd (f)
I2 = (λ = 2×10–3 kg/m)
µ0 I1 S S
2 × 3.14 × 2 × 10−3 × 9.8 × 2 × 10−2 S N
=
−7
4π × 10 × 100
= 19.6 A, in free wire
BEGINNER'S BOX - 7
1. Magnetic moment of a bar magnet is a vector
quantity. So net magnetic moment of following
system of two bar magnets of magnetic moments so total magnetic moment :-
M1 and M2 respectively.
Mnet = (2M)2 + (2M)2 =
2 2M
N
2. Magnetic moment of bar magnet :–
S N
θ –m +m

S N M = m
M1
Mnet = M12 + M22 + 2M1M2 Cos θ (a) Parallel to its length :-

S N
(a) θ = 0° ⇒ Mnet= M2 + M2 + 2M2 Cos 0 = 2M
–m +m
(b) θ=180°⇒ Mnet= M2 + M2 + 2M2 Cos180 =0 
For each part :-
(c) θ=90° ⇒ Mnet= M2 + M2 + 2M2 Cos 90 =M ' = 
m A
m' = (A' = )
2 2
Magnetic moment of each part :-
N
M' = (m/2)
(d) 60°
M
S N M' =
M 2
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(b) Perpendicular to its length :- 4. Magnetic field at centre of square
S N 2 2µ0 I
B= ..... (1)
A πa
/2 /2
O I
For each part :-

' =
2 a
m' = m (A' = A) Magnetic moment
Magnetic moment of each part M = Ia
2
.....(2)
M' = m(/2) M Ia2 ( πa)
=
M B 2 2µ0 I
M' =
2
πa3 B
Sp. Note :- [Divide equation (2) by (1)] M =
2 2µ0
A bar magnet of magnetic moment ‘M’ cuts into
‘n’ equal parts then magnetic moment of each 5. Magnetic moment of current carrying loop given
M as M = I A
part becomes : M' =
n
3 a2  3a2 
3. If a flexible magnet of magnetic moment ‘M’ is (a) AT = ⇒ MT = I  
4  4 
 
bent into any shape then magnetic moment of
3 I2
new shape always decreases as effective length ⇒ MT = (where  = 3a)
36
always decreases (but pole strength remains (b) AS = a ⇒ MS = I(a )
2 2
same) I 2
⇒ MS = (where  = 4a)
16
–m +m ⇒ M=m
  3 a2  3 3 a2
(c) AH = 6   ⇒ MH = I
 4  2
 
–m
3I2
(a) /2
M' = m (  2 ) ⇒ MC =
24
(where  = 6a)
AC = πR ⇒ MC = I(πR2)
2
M' = M 2 (d)
90°
+m I 2
/2 ⇒ MC = (where  = 2πR)
4π
M' = m(/2) 6. I = Constant  = Constant
/2 60° /2
(b) M Magnetic moment of coil N(2πR)
+m –m M' = 
/2 2 = 
2π
M' = m(2R), M = NI(πR2) NR = = constant
 where  = πR 1
M ∝ NR2 ----(1) N∝ ------ (2)
R R
(c) M' = 2m(/π),
+m –m From (1) & (2)
R  2M  1
M' =    N → given ⇒ M ∝
 π  N
Effective length  R → given ⇒ M∝R
of system is zero
(d) O so magnetic M1 N2 2
So = = =
moment is also M2 N1 1
R zero
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1 τACW
7. From Q.No. (6) M ∝ ⇒ Nmin = 1 ⇒ Mmax
N
8. Magnetic moment is an axial vector and axis of
both the coils are perpendicular to each other.
So their magnetic moments also perpendicular to
τCW
each other. 60°
2 2
Mnet = (M) + (M) =
2M The torque needed to maintain the needle in this
position
BEGINNER'S BOX - 8 τACW = τCW
1. In non-uniform magnetic field. F≠0 (always) and = MB sin 60°
τ=0 (may) or τ≠0 (may) so needle may 3 MB
experiences force and torque. = ......... (2)
2
î ˆj kˆ from (1) & (2)
  
2. τ= M × B = 50 0 0 τ= 3 W
0.5 3 0 8. τ = MB(cosθ1 – cosθ2)
= 2.5 × 0.2 (cos0° – cos180°) = 0.5 [1–(–1)] = 1J
= (0) î –(0) ĵ + (150) k̂ N–m = 150 k̂ N–m 9. τ = MB(cosθ1 – cosθ2) = NI(πR2)B(cos0° – cos90°)
3. τ = BINA = NIπR B
2
8 10 10. Torque τ = MBsinθ

= 0.2× 2× 100× × = 0.32 N–m
100 100 τ 0.32
⇒ MB = = = 0.064 N.m or J
sin θ sin 30°
A B
(a) U = –MB cosθ [In stable equilibrium
 
N S M || B (θ = 0°)] = –0.064J

(b) U = – MB cosθ [In unstable equilibrium M

D C anti|| B (θ = 180°)] = +0.064J
BEGINNER'S BOX - 9
 eL e 2M
Tendency of torque is try to align M in the 1. M= ⇒ =
   2m m L
direction of ext. field [ τ= M × B] . So AD side
qL M q M
comes out from plane of paper. 2. M= ⇒ = ⇒ depend on q, m
2m L 2m L
4 For the given perimeter circular shape has
3. M∝n
maximum geometrical area.
µ q µ × 2 × 1.6 × 10−19
So Amax ⇒ Mmax ⇒ τmax ⇒ couple max. 4. B= 0 = 0
2Tr 2 × 2 × 0.8
5 For constant length wire Torque on coil –19
= µ0 × 10 T (where q = +2e)
1
M∝ .......(1) τ∝M ........(2)
N BEGINNER'S BOX - 10
E 2 2
So τmax ⇒ Mmax ⇒ Nmin = 1 (one turn coil) 1. I= = = Amp.
r + R + R ' 0.5 + 4.5 + 95 100
6. Work done in rotating a dipole from θ1 to θ2
I
from the field direction :- From I = K tanθ, reduction factor K=
tan θ
W = MB (cos θ1 – cos θ2)
2
= MB (cos 30° – cos 45°) K= = 0.02 A
100 × tan 45°
 3 1 
= 4 × 5 × 10–4  −  = 3.2 × 10–4 J 2B R R
 2 2 2. Reduction factor K= H ⇒ K∝
  µ0 N N
7. Work done in rotating a dipole from KA RA NB
θ1 = 0° to θ2 = 60° from the field direction :- = = ×
KB RB NA
W = MB (1 – cos 60°)
MB KA 1 3 3
= ......... (1) = = ⇒ KA > KB
2 KB 2 1 2
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1 Therefore T2 > T1 (always time period in
(b) From I = Ktanθ , tan θ ∝ difference combination is more than the sum
K combination of two magnets.
(I = same in series combination) 7. Time period of thin rectangular bar magnet
 KA > KB I ml2
T = 2π Where I =
tanθA < tanθB ⇒ θA < θB MBH 12
I
3. Time period of bar magnet T = 2π I
MBH T∝ ........ (1) [BH → same]
M
m 2 Case I Cutted parallel to its length :-
Where I = , Moment of Inertia of bar
12 Mass → half and length → same
magnet 

M=m*, magnetic moment of bar magnet 
BH = Bcosθ, Horizontal component of earth 
field. for each part Moment of inertia → I′ = I
 2
So T does not depends on length of suspension 
fibre 
1 Magnetic moment → M′ = M
4. Time period of bar magnet T ∝  2
BH T´ ∝
(I,M→ same) I/2
........(2)
Towards equator BH ↑ ⇒ T ↓ M/2
1 MB H from (1) and (2)
5. f= ; f ∝ BH ∝ B cos θ ; Time period of each part T´ = T
2π I
Special note :- If bar magnet cuts into 'n' equal
f2 parts parallel to its length then time period of
f ∝ Bcos θ ; (I, M→ same) B ∝
2
each part becomes. T´ = T
cos θ
Case - II Perpendicular to its lenth :-
B1 f12 cos θ2 20 × 20 cos 60° 16 
= = =
B2 f22 cos θ1 15 × 15 cos 30° 9 3 Mass → half, length → half

 I
T1 T2 from (1) and (2) Moment of inertia → I′ =
 8
 M
6. I M I M Magnetic moment → M′ =
 2
S N S N
N N S I/8
S T´ ∝ ......... (3)
I 2M I 2M M/2
From (1) and (3)
Msystem = 2M + M = 3M Msystem = 2M–M = M
T
Isystem = 2I Isystem = 2I Time period of each part T´ =
2
I If bar magnet broken into 'n' equal parts
T = 2π Isystem → same, BH→ same)
MBH perpendicular to its length then time period of
each part becomes
1 T1 M2
T∝ ; = T
M T2 M1 T' =
n
T1 M T 1
= = ; 1
T2 3M T2 3
OR BEGINNER'S BOX - 11
I1 + I2 Baxis 2KM / d3 2
In sum combination T1 = 2π 1. − −
(M1 + M2 )BH Beq. KM / d3 1
In difference combination µ 2M µ0 M
2. Baxis = Beq. ⇒ 0 =
I1 + I2 4π x3 4π y3
T2 = 2π
(M1 − M2 )BH
2 1 x3 2 x
= ⇒ = ⇒ = 21/3
3 3 3 1 y
x y y
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3. In east of wire magnetic field due to wire BW and BEGINNER'S BOX - 12
magnetic field due to earth BH are in opposite 4. For solenoid B = µni
direction so there is possible location of nutral
3
point. 4π = µ 10 2
N 2π × 10 = µ
–3
BW µ 2π × 10−3
Now µr = =
BW BH µ0 4π × 10−7
3
µ r = 5 × 10
BH W × NP
E
I χ = µ r – 1; χ = 4999
BW
BW
S 5. Flux φ = BA
2KM φ = (µ HA)
5. BH =
d3 5 –4
3.14 × 10 = µ 1600 × 0.2 × 10
1/3 1/3
 2KM  −7
 2 × 10 × 6.75  –4
d   =  µ = 9.8 × 10
 BH   5 × 10−5 
 
µ 9.8 × 10−4
= 0.3 m. = 30 cm. ∴ µr = =
6. BP > BQ µ0 4π × 10−7
N µ r = 780.25
BW ∴ χ = µ r – 1 = 779.25
BH BW 8. φ = BA
BH 4 × 10–4 = µ 1600 × 4 × 10–4
BH W E
Q I P 1
BW µ= ; µ = 0.625 × 10–3 Wb/Am
1600
d d
BW (BP>BQ)
S
EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) BUILD UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING

2. Bnet = B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 I1 B1r1 1 1 1
⇒ = = × =
= 4B (B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B) I2 B2 r2 3 2 6
µ0 I µ0 10 10. B= B − B2
4. B= = ⊗1
2π (1)

2πr
–7 –6
= 2 × 10 × 10 = 2 × 10 T = 2µT 1 2
 → 
direction of B ⇒ id × r = kˆ × î = +ˆj
B0 P
5. Bx = 3 5A 2.5A
 x  2 2
1 + 2 
 R  5m
x = 3R µ0 I1 µ0 I2
Bx 1 B 8 =
B −
= ⇒ 0 = 2πd 2πd
B0 8 Bx 1
µ0
6. B ∝ N (for  = constant)
2
= (I1 – I2)
2πd
µ0 I 2Br
9. B= ⇒ I= µ0
2r µ0 = (5 – 2.5) = µ0/2π 
2π(5 2)
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µ 0 Ni N
13. B= 29. B = µ0 .I
2R 2πR m
µ0i µ0 i 1
14. B= ⇒ d= = 4π × 10−7 × 1000 ×
2πd 2πB 4π
B0 10–4 (Wb/m2)
15. Bx = 3/2
 x2  N
1 + 2  30. B = µ0 .I (given Rm = 10 cm)
 R  2πR m
x=R  nN 
31. B = µ0  i nN = total turns
B0 B0 B 1
3/2  L 
∴ Bx
= = ⇒ x =  B ∝ D°
(1 + 1)3/2 (2)3/2 B0  2 
32. B = µ0ni
µ0 NIR 2
18. Bx = B 2 n2 i 2 n
2(r 2 + R 2 )3 2 = ; n2 = 1 , i2 = 2i1
B1 n1 i1 2
R2
If r >> R then <<< 1 (negligible)
r2
=
( n1 / 2 )(2ii ) = 1
µ0 NIR 2 µ0 NIR 2 1 n1 i1
Bx  −
2 32  3
⇒ Bx ∝ 3
2(r ) 2r r B2 = B1 = B
19. (B0)net = 0 33. B = µ0ni
µ0 I1 µ0 I2 B2 n2 i2 100 × (i 3)
= = =
2r1 2r2 B1 n1 i1 200 × i
⊗ 
1
B2 = × 6·28 × 10–2 = 1·05 × 10–2 Wb/m2
I(ACW) 8A(CW) 6
O P
34. r= ⇒ P = qBr
qB
P∝q (B, r → same)
pP q P 1 e 1
8 I = = = =
= pα q α 2 2e 2
0.1 0.08
qB
8 × 0.08 36. f=
= I = 6.4A, ACW 2πm
0.1
q
24. B1 = B3 = 0 (Point lies on axis of wire) f∝
m
µ i  90 
B2 = 0 ×   i 37. F = qνB ⇒F∝q (v, B → same)
2R  360  1 2
3 mv
38. r=
µ i qB
B2 = 0 ⊗ 90°
8R R mβ = me mα = 4mρ
27. Apply B = µ0ni qβ = qe qα = 2qe
1
N rβ < rα ,C∝ (∴ Cβ > Cα )
n= r

2mqVacc.
According to the question, 39. r=
qB
N/2 N
=
n' = According to the question
/2 
r∝ m
∴ B remains same
r1 m1
N =
28. B = µ0 I r2 m2

µ ( 2N )( 2I ) r12 m1
B' = 0 = 4B =

r22 m2
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 
42. r=
mv sin θ
=
v sin θ 61. Fm = BiLeff (L ⊥ B)
qB (q / m)B
i
1 3 × 105 1
× × = 5 × 10 m = 0.5 cm
–3
= 8
10 0.3 2
43. Kinetic energy of charge particle is always 6
constant, if it enters perpendicular in uniform
magnetic field. f
8
2mE k
44. r= Leff = 62 + 82 = 10
qB
–2
Fm = 10 × 3 × 10 × 10
 r∝ m (q, B, Ek. → same) = 3N
or m ∝ r
2
2 R
m1  r1 
=  fQ
m2  r2 
qB 63.
45. f= fP
2πm
mv
46. r= (v, B → same) fnet⇒(towards left)
qB
m like currents always attracts to each other
r∝
q µ0 I1 I2 4π × 10−7 × 10 × 10
64. f= = = 2 × 10–4N
rA m A q B  24a.m.u.  2e  24 2πd 2π × 10 × 10−2
= × = =
rB m B q A  22a.m.u. 
 e  11 (Like currents → Attraction)
  
50. rp : rd : rα 65. F= m (
I L×B )
m
r∝ A (i)
q
1 2 4 3
: : =1: 2 : 2
1 1 2
B (f)
54. Use RHPR to find direction of magnetic force. 4 C
  
y |Fm |= BIL , where L ⊥ B
 5
 v ⊥ B wire  = 5 × 10 × = 2.5N
I 100
x 66. When direct current flows in spring, any two
O adjacent turns having the current in same
+Q
direction so there is attractive magnetic force
OR between them hence spring contracts.
   µ0 I
Fm → (v × B) 70. B = –––– (1)
2R

ˆ = +ˆj = y − axis
Fm → (iˆ × −k)
2
M = I (πR ) –––– (2)
divide eqn. (2) by (1)
(current carrying wire produces cross field
M I ( πR 2 )2R
=
therefore −k̂ is taken in vector product) B µ0 I

Fm → +ˆj = + y − axis 2πBR 3
M =
µ0
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72. I = ef 2
1 B H2  T1 
µ 0 eω 4πrB 0 88. T∝ ⇒ =
  ,
74. B0 = ⇒ω= BH B H1  T2 
4πr µ0 e
µ0 ef 1 60
78. B= Τ1 = = = 1.5 sec
2r f1 40
 
79. M  B ⇒ τ =0 B H2  1.5 2  3 2
= =  
83. W90° = MB (1 – cos 90°) B H1  2.5  5
= MB (1 – 0) = MB
W60° = MB (1 – cos 60°) 9
⇒ B H2 = × 0.1 × 10−5 T
1 MB 25
= MB (1 – )=
2 2 89. BC = BH tan30°
W90° = n W60°
1
 MB  = 0.34 × 10–4 ×
MB = n   ∴ n=2 3
 2 
85. BH = B cosθ ∝ cosθ (θ1 = 30°, θ2 = 45°) BH
M
B H1 cos 30 3 /2 0
3
= = 0
=
B H2 cos 45 1/ 2 2
1 MB H
87. f= ∝ BH BC
2π I
BH ∝ f2 –5
BC = 1.96 × 10 T
2 2
B H2  f2   10  1
= =  =  4 119. Curie law χm ∝
B H1  f1   5  T
=
B H2 4B H1 ⇒ B H2 = 4 × 0.3 = 1.2 G 120. A diamagnetic material in a magnetic field moves
from stronger to the weaker part of the field.
∆B = 1.2 – 0.3 = 0.9
EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

4. For undeflected motion for electron beam   
9. F=q(v × B) =−(2µC)[(2iˆ + 3j) ˆ × 106 = −8kˆ
ˆ × 2j]
    
v ⊥ E ⊥ B & Fe = −Fm ⇒ Fnet = 0
10. Net force on loop is zero.
 
If electric field switched off then (Fm)max [v ⊥ B] so µ I µ0  q  µ0 qf
11. B=
= 0 =
charge will moves along circular path. 2R 2R  t  2R
2mqVacc q 2V
5. R= ⇒ = 2 acc2
qB m B R
12. , B1, B2 are magnetic field due to
q 1
∝ 2 (B, Vacc → same)
m R
6. Above curie temperature ferromagnetic material µ0 I
semicircular arc B1 = B2 =
4R
behaves as paramagnetic material.
µ I µ0 I
8. Resultant magnetic force on current carrying BR = B12 + B22 = 2 0  =
 4R  2 2R
loop in uniform magnetic field is always zero.
    13. τ = BINAsinθ
|F1 + F2 + F3 + FQP |=
0
= (5 × 10–2) (2) (2000) (1.5 × 10–4) (sin30°)
    –2
= 1.5 × 10 N.m
FQP =−
| F1 + F2 + F3 |= (F3 − F1 )2 + F22 ,
where F3 > F1 and (F3 – F1) ⊥ F2
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I I 25. Acceleration of charged particle
16. T = 2π , T' = 2π  q   
MB H M(B H − B) =
a (E + v × B)
m
⇒ T' = 2T = 4s
 q 
OR Released from rest ⇒ a = E = a0 (west)
m
I  ma 0
T= 2 π ⇒ E = (west)
MB H e
1 when it is projected towards north, acceleration
T∝ due to magnetic force = 2a0
BH
2ma 0
BH 2 Therefore magnetic field = (down)
T1 ev 0
=
T2 B H1
Direction of magnetic field
  
2 (24 − 18) 6 1 Fm → (v × B)
= = =
T2 24 24 2 ˆ
−î → (ˆj × −k)
T2 = 4 second
The direction of magnetic force is towards west,
17. Magnetic moment of the diamagnetic atom is for that the direction of magnetic field is vertically
zero. downward ( −k̂ )
   
18. Here= FAB 0, = FBC F and 26. Let magnetic pole strength be m then
 
FNet = 0 (In uniform magnetic field net force on M = m
current carying loop is zero). In new situation
          
FNet =FAB + FBC + FCA = 0= 0 + F + FCA =
0 ⇒ FCA = −F  60°  π
M' =  2r sin  (m) where r   = 
 2  3
 2   1  3m 3M
=
M ' 2m   =   =
19. ⇒ Speed decreases  π  2  π π
e
27. Net magnetic field, B = B12 + B22
2 2
 µ0 I1   µ0 I2 
20. A is feebly repelled ⇒ A is diamagnetic
=   + 
 2πd   2πd 
B is feebly attracted ⇒ B is paramagnetic
C is strongly attracted ⇒ C is ferromagnetic µ0
= I12 + I22
D remains unaffected ⇒ D is non-magnetic 2πd
     
21. Here τ= M × B= 0 ( M ↑↑ B) 28. Magnetic field due to a circular loop
Also parallel currents attract each other. µ0 NI
B= Where N → no. of loops
mv 2 mv 2r
22. = qVB ⇒ R=
R qB q e
I= = = ne
1 v qB 2πmν T 1/ n
So ν = = = ⇒ B=
T 2πR 2πm e µ0 ne
1 1 B= (Here N =1 as e– makes only one loop)
Kinetic energy K = mv 2 = m (2πRν) =
2
2r
2 2
29. 'B' due to segment '1'
2π2mν2R2
µ0 I
mv 2 mv 2 2mK B1 = [sin 90° + sin θ] (– k̂ )
23. = qvB ⇒ R = = 4πR
R qB qB
µ0 I
q2 B1 = (– k̂ ) = B3
For same R and B, K ∝ 4πR
m
B due to segment '2'
K' ( 2e )2 m µ0 I ˆ
= × = 1⇒ K' = 1 MeV B2 = ( − i)
1MeV ( 4m ) e2 4R
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OR
2
Trick
1 I
I 3
I i µ0 IiL  1 1 
=Fnet − (Attractive)
a 2π  a b 
   
so 'B' at center B c = B1 + B2 + B3 b
 −µ0 I  2kˆ  −µ0 I ˆ 33. Magnetic susceptibility = χ
⇒ BC =  î +  = ˆ
( πi + 2k)
4R  π  4πR It is negative for diamagnetic materials only
34. For points inside the wire
µ 0 Ir
= B (r ≤ R)
2πR 2
For points outside the wire
30. 60° µ0 I
= B (r ≥ R)
2πr
according to the question
   µ0 I(a / 2)
τ= M × B
B 2
=

| τ| MB
= sin θ NIAB sin θ = 0.20 Nm = 2πa =1:1
B' µ0 I
mv 2mK 2π(2a)
31. R= = R
qB qB 35. Since  = 2πR = n(2πr) ⇒ r =
n
 Rα = Rp µ0 i
For one turn B = and
4m α k a 4m p K p 2R
∴ = 2 2 µ ni µ 0 n2 i
q 2α B2 qp B For n turn B ' = 0 ⇒ = B′ = n2 B
2r 2R
4m p k α m p (1MeV ) 36. τ = MB sin 60° .....(1)
⇒ 2
= ⇒ Kα = 1MeV
4e e2
W = MB (1 – cos60°) .....(2)
FBC From (1) and (2)
τ 3 /2
B C = ⇒τ= W 3
FAB FCD W 1/2
eB
32. I i L 37. f=
2πm
1.76 × 1011 × 3.57 × 10−2
A D f= Hz
L 2 × 3.14
f = 109 Hz or 1 GHz
FAD 38. tanθ1 =
tanθ
cos α
FAB = iB (Attractive)
tan θ tan θ
µ0 I µ iI & tanθ2 = =
FAB = i(L). (←) = 0 (←) cos(90 – α ) sin α
L π
As sin θ + cos θ = 1
2 2
2π  
2
 
So cot θ2 + cot θ1 = cot θ
2 2 2
FBC (↑) and FAD (↓) ⇒ cancels each other
FCD = iB (Repulsive) 39. Work = MB[cos θ1 – cos θ2]
µ0 I µ iI
FCD = i(L) (→) = 0 (→) Work = MB[cos 0 – cos 180°]
 3L  3π
2π   W = NiAB[1 – (–1)]
 2 
µ 0 iI µ iI 2µ 0 iI W  9.1 µJ
⇒ Fnet = – 0 =
π 3π 3π
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µ0 i1 i2
40. F= = force per unit length I1 1
2πd
=
( µ0 i ) i µ0 i2 = F
F1 = θ2
2
2πd 2πd 270°
i θ1=90°
F1[due to wire A]
I2
F2[due to wire C]
⇒ θ1 I1 =θ2 I2
2 2 µ0 i2
=
Fnet F +F
1 2 = µ0 I1 θ1 
2πd B1 =
41. When current source is switched on, magnetic 4 π r 
 ⇒ B1 =
B2
µ0 I1 θ1 
field sets up between poles on electromagnet. B2 =
4 π r 
Diamagnetic material, due to its tendency to
B1 and B2 are in opposite directions, hence
move from stronger to weaker field, is thus resultant field at centre is zero.
repelled out. 47. µr = χm + 1 = 599 + 1 = 600
42. In northern hemisphere dip is +ve and in Tm
µ = µoµr = 4π × 10–7 × 600 = 2.4π × 10–4
southern hemisphere dip is –ve. A
 µ 0 id N
48. B = µ0 I
 π 2 : d ≤ R 
2 R
43. B=
 µ0i : d>R = 4π × 10−7 ×
100
× 2.5
 2πd (0.5)
B = 6.28 × 10–4 T
L
49. M = I (πr ) Where, r =
2
2π
2
 L  IL2
d ⇒ M = I (π)   =
d=R  2π  4π
qH 1 50. Inside a current carrying cylindrical conductor,
44. =
qα 2
µ0 I
mv B= r
r= 2πR2
qB
1 Outside the conductor,
For same momenta, r ∝
q
µ0 I 1
rH q α 2 B= ∴B∝
= = 2πr r
rα q H 1
µ0 Ni B
45. B=
2πr
B1 N1 r2  200  20 
= = =  1:1
B2 N2 r1  100 
 40 
R1  1 I2 θ1 r
46. = = = R
R 2  2 I1 θ2
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e¯ V=105 m/s y
A
51. z
0.2 m F=qVB
BAB I
P
56. BNet
5A B
BBC d
µ i
F = ev  0  x
 2πr  B C
I
1.6 × 10−19 × 105 × 2 × 10−7 × 5

F= µ0I
0.2 B AB = B BC =
4πd
F = 8 × 10–20 Newton Net magnetic field at point P
   BNet = 2B cos 45°
52. F= q( υ × B) µ I 1 µ0I
=2 0 × =
4πd 2 2 2 πd
i j kˆ
N
4i − 20j + 12 kˆ =
12 4 6 57. B=
µ0 ni =
µ0

i
B B B0 100
× 1 = 12.56 × 10 T
–2
∴ B = 4π × 10−7 ×
10−3
Comparing  → →
µ0  Id× r 
⇒=
4 4B 0 − 6B  Solving →
 
 58. dB = 3
−20 =
−2B 0 + 6B  B = −6 4πr
 As per Biot Savart law, the expression for
= 2B − 4B
12  B 0 = −8
magnetic field depends on current carrying

B=−6 î − 6ˆj − 8kˆ →
∴ element I d , which is a vector quantity,
 3 2 therefore, statement-I is correct and statement-II is
53.=
M1  a=
 I × 4 3 Ia2 (no. of turns = 4)
 wrong.
 4 
59.
2 2 B
M2 = a I × 3 = 3Ia (no. of turns = 3)
1
54. χm ∝ (Curie’s law)
T
B∝r
z
O r
θ θ r=R
F F 60. Since, M = IA
55. Fnet
z ∴ M1 = M2 ⇒ I1 πr12 = I2 πr22
2
I1  r2  4
x ⇒
= = 
I2  r1  1
d d

F=
µ 0 i2 61.

(
 F = q v×B )
2π d 2 + z  
Since v and B are parallel
µ 0 i2
FNet = 2F cos θ = 2 ∴ θ = 0°
2π d 2 + z 2
Fm = Bqv sin0° = 0
z µ 0 i2 z
= = ∴ Original path
d2 + z2 π(d2 + z 2 )
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µ0 Ia 2 65. Straight current carring wire produces circular
62. B =
2 (a2 + x2 )3/2 magnetic field.
a
x
5A 10A
66.
When, x >> a 10cm
µ0 Ia2 µ0 Ia2 FM µ0 i1i2

=
Then, B = =
2 (x2 )3/2 2 x3  2πr
Magnetic field on axis of dipole
4π × 10−7 × 5 × 10 –4
µ M = = 10 N/m
B= 0 3 2π × 0.1
2π x
1
B∝ 3
x 67. 1m θ= 45°
i
∴ Statement I correct and statement II incorrect. θ
 
63. ∫ B.ds = 0 1m
 Magnetic monopoles do not exist.

BA = B0 sin3 θ
µ0 Ni µ0 i
64. B= = × sin3 θ
2R 2R
4π × 10−7 × 1000 × 1
= 4π × 10−7 × 2  1 
2 × 62.8 × 10−2 = × 
2 ×1 2 2 
4 × 3.14 × 10−7 × 103
= 10–3 T
–7
= −2
BA = 3.14 × 10 T
2 × 62.8 × 10
EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

2
µ0 I  4a  5a 4a / 3 4
1. BP = (sinθ1 + sinθ2) LP =   +a
2
= ∴ sinθ2 = =
4πa  3  3 5a / 3 5
2 µ0 I  3 4  7 µ0 I
 3a  5a ∴ BP = + = ⊗
NP = 2
 4  +a = 4 4πa  5 5  20 πa
 
I
N r
I Bcosθ
3a/4 I a B
90° θ θ Bsinθ
90° θ1 a θ θ Bsinθ
M a θ2 P B
2.
a Bcosθ
4a/3 r
I X
L Resultant magnetic field
3a / 4 3  µ I  a 
∴ sinθ1 = = BR = 2B sinθ = 2  0    ,
5a / 4 5  2πr   r 
a µ0 Ia
where sinθ = =
r πr 2
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3. When wire 'B' remains suspended in air then 9. Let the coordinate at which magnetic field is zero
A I is given by (x, y)
(fixed) ∴ B1 = B2
d fm(N/m)
3I x (x,y)
B
(free) y
I
I
w'(N/m)
µ 0 3I µ 0 I
fm= w' =
2πx 2πy
fm = λg ..... (1)
3y = x
If direction of current is reversed in any one wire
then direction magnetic force/unit length is also B1
reversed so instantaneous acceleration of wire B 10.
is B2
µ0i
(At t=0) (wire 'B') B= Bnet = B12 + B22
I 2R
B
= 8 2T and B1 = B2 = =4 2T
fm w' 2
(4 2 ) + (4 2 )
2 2
fnet = fm + w' ∴ BNet = = 8T
fnet = fm + λg 2mE K m
15. r= , r∝
λa = λg + λg [from (1)] qB q
a = 2g ↓ or away from the fixed wire 'A'.
1 1
µ i θ∝C∝ ∴θ∝
5. B1 = B3 = 0 () r r
4πa
1amu 4amu 16amu
rH+ : rHe+ : r0++ =
: :
e e 2e
4I3 =1:2:2
+
Radius of H is smallest. So it will deflect
+ ++
a maximum but deflection of He and O is equal.
16. qνBsinθ = mg
2
I a P B =
mg
1 qv sin θ
B2 = B4 = 0 mg
Bmin = (θ= 90°)
µ i qv
∴ BNet = B1 + B3 = 0 ()
2πa
17. Fnet = 0 may be when
3 x2
6. Fractional decrease f =  
2 R2 |Fe ||= −Fm |. Check by î,ˆj,kˆ
5 3 x2 x2 1 mv
= 2
⇒ 2= 18.
= r (v,B → same)
100 2 R R 30 qB
R
x = rA m A q B
30 = ×
rB m B q A
7. V1 = V2 ⇒ I1R1 = I2R2 (Both arcs in parallel)
1  24 24 e
I1ρ =I2 ρ 2   = ×
A A rB 22 2e
 ⇒ I11 = I2 2 rB = 44 cm
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22. τ = MB sin 90° m
L∝
q
L1 : L2 : L3 : L4
16amu 12amu 4amu 1amu
N S = : : :
2e e 2e e
= 8 : 12 : 2 : 1
a so L2 is maximum for C+
= MB +y(j)
= NIAB
 3a2  B(k)
 4  2 (
= I B N = 1)
 
35. +z(k) +x(i)
23. τ =MB sin90° = (NIA) (µ0 ni)
Fe(–i) v(–i) vi F ei Ei
S N (–)ve (+)ve
M B Fm(–j)
In the presence of electric field rest (+) ve ions
I moves parallel and rest (–)ve ions moves
26. χ= antiparallel to the electric field due to Fe.
H
Now magnetic force on ions :-
I
3 × 10–4 =
4 × 104 (+) ve ions
27.
I = 12 A/m
µ r = χ + 1; µ r = 1 + 0.003
( )
Fm ⇒ + î × kˆ ⇒ – ĵ
µ r = 1.003 (–) ve ions
( )
−3
28. Volume =
Mass
=
75 × 10
= 10–5 Fm ⇒ – − î × kˆ ⇒ – ĵ
Density 7.5 × 103
Both ions deflect in –y direction.
Magnetic Moment 9 × 10−7
I= = −6
=0.09A/m2 36. θ = 30°
Volume 10 × 10
29. Energy loss in 1 hour →
B y →
= Area × Volume × time × frequency v
250 × 10 × 3600 × 50
= = 1200 J × 50 30°
7500 60° x
= 60000 J = 6 × 104 J
31. A stretching force or a tension force
mv sin θ
r=
mv Bq
34. Distance L ∝ r ∝
qB
2πm
T=
B Bq
Bq
38. f=
2πm
39. B1 ⊥ B2
q,v L1 µ0 2 2 4π × 10−7
L2 (B0 =
)net I1 +=
I2 32 + 42
L3 2R 2 × 2π × 10−2
–5
= 5 × 10 T
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µ0 ev µ0 ev  2πm 
40. B= ⇒r= =   × vx
4π r 2 4πB  Bq 
2π1.67 × 10−27
v = × 2 × 105
r ∝ 8.35 × 10−2 × 1.6 × 10−19
B
= 0.157 m
 
41. τ = NIABsin90° ( M ⊥ B ) 47. By right hand palm rule
A
30°
N S Lcos30° L
L
 C B
2
Lsin30°
3
N = 1, A =
4 
direction of Fm is inward
 3 2 
τ = (1) i   B AC & outward for AB
 4
 
Now
2 4τ
 =
3iβ L
FCB = BI (sin 180°) = 0
2
1/2
 τ 
=2   BIL 3
 3iB  FAC = ⊗
2
 µ0 I 2Br    
42. V = IR,  B= ⇒ I=  FAB + FAC + FCB =
0
 2r µ0 
 
∴ FAB = −FAC
 2Br  ρ(2πr)  ρ ρ (2πr) 
=   , =
R = ,
 µ0  A  A A   3BIL
∴ FAB = 
2
4Bρπr 2
= (B,ρ,A → same)
µ0 A 52. Diamagnetic materials moves from stronger
magnetic field region to weaker magnetic field
V ∝ r2 region.
V1  r1   2r 
2
4
2
Fm
= =  = 
V2  r2   r  1
B/2 (weak)
44. Bnet = µ 0ni mg
−7
4π × 10 × 5 × 400 × 8 –3
= −2
= 8π × 10 T B(strong)
80 × 10
2πm
45. Time period =
Bq ⇒ Body of the frog behaves as diamagnetic.
vy=4×105m/s
55. µp ≠ 0, µf ≠ 0 & µd = 0
5
vx=2×10 m/s 59.
M q
=
L 2m
B=8.35×10–2m/s
Distance along x = pitch
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BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 4. Magnetic flux :−

φ = BA cos θ
= 0.2 × 0.1 × cos 0° = 0.02 Wb
30°
1.
60° 5.Direction of area vector of loop will be
perpendicular to x – y plane.
 
= =
A 0.1k, ˆ B (4iˆ – k)ˆ
Plane of coil  
φ = B.A = (4 î – k̂ ) . (0.1 k̂ ) = – 0.1 Wb
Magnetic flux φ = NBAcosθ
= 100 × 0.2 × 5 × 10–4 × cos60° 6. Flux through disc
–3
= 5 × 10 weber.
→
2. Initially coil is placed in transverse A field
→ r >R 
B 
φi = NBA (θ=0°) 2
 A* = πR 
After rotation through 180°
φf = –NBA (θ=180°)
φ = BA* cosθ , where B = µ0nI, θ = 0°
Rate of change of →
magnetic flux through B = BA*
2 –6
the coil = (µ0nI)πR = 29·6 × 10 wb
∆φ φf − φi BEGINNER'S BOX - 2
=
∆t ∆t
1. (i) Anticlockwise
=
−NBA − NBA → (ii) Clockwise
A
2 (iii) A – Positive charge, B – Negative charge
= – NBA Wb/sec.
(iv) Anticlockwise
(v) Anticlockwise
G C
(vi) No induced current
3. (θ=180°) H D (θ=0°) (vii)(a) Anticlockwise
(b) Anti clockwise in bigger loop & clockwise

B in smaller loop
F
(c) Anti clockwise in bigger loop & clockwise
E A in smaller loop
(d) Anticlockwise in both loop & through

Face Flux connecting wire zero current
2
ABCD +Ba (out flux)
EFGH
2
–Ba (in flux) (viii) Anticlockwise
Remaining Zero
2. (i) (a) Anticlockwise (ACW), (b) Clockwise (CW)
Faces
(ii) N to L
φin = φout
(iii) Plate A–Positive charge,
φnet =
0
Plate B–Negative charge
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BEGINNER'S BOX - 3 e 1 dφ 1  dB 
6. =
i = = A ( φ= BA )
1. Induced emf does not depend on nature of coil, it R R dt R  dt 
means it doesn't depend on resistance

1 –4
= −3
× 16 × 10 × 0.4 = 0.32A
dφ dφ dx dφ 2 × 10
2. e= = × = ×v
dt dx dt dx
7. Second equation of
S
FR↑
motion ↓a<g
 dφ  N
e∝v  for dx = cons tan t 
 
1
s = ut + gt2
v1 = Relative velocity in opposite direction 2 ACW
1 Metal loop
=5+3 = 8m/s
=0+ × 9.8 × 1
2
v2 = Relative velocity in same direction
= 4.9 m
= 5 – 3 = 2m/s
But acceleration due to induced current a < g
e2 v 2 2
= ⇒ e2 = × 16 = 4 mV So that distance < 4.9 m
e1 v 1 8
∆φ 10 − 2 8
−dφ d 8. induced charge q =
= =
3. e= =– (5t2 – 4t +1) = – (10t – 4) R 2 2
dt dt
= 4.0 C
= – (10 × .2 – 4) = – (2 – 4) = 2V
dB
9. E(2πR) = πR 2
4. dt
F=constant R dB
φ=–Kt+C
E= = 1 × 10–2 × 2 = 0.02 V/m
2 dt
BEGINNER'S BOX - 4
dφ  ∆I   2 −1
A toB ⇒ = +K⇒ e (–K) 1. e = – L   = –5 
dt ∆t  = –1.0V
   5 
dφ 2. (I2 = –2A, I1
B to C ⇒ =0⇒e=0
dt
= 2A , ∆I = I2 – I1)
dφ
C to D ⇒ = –K ⇒ e = +K
dt ∆I  −2 − 2 
e=– L = –2   = 8V
∆t  1 
∆φ −∆(NBA)
5. e =– =
∆t ∆t dI
3. e = –L ,
dt
 ∆B  2 ∆B
= −NA   =– N(πr ) ∆t
 ∆t  dI
if e = 0 then =0
dt
–2 2  4 − 2 
= – 50 × 3.14 × (2× 10 )  
 3.14  2te–t + t2(–e–t) = 0
2 te–t (2 – t) = 0
= – 50 × 3.14 × 4 × 10–4 =– 0.04 V
3.14
t = 2sec.
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dI E -t/λ 5 0.001 × 18 
I = (e ) = e− 
dt L 5 × 10−3  5 × 10−3 
4.
2 3 = 103 (e–3.6) = 1000 × .0273 = 27.3 A/sec.
t
0 1 L
7. I = I0/2 so t = T = 0.693
R
0.7 × 8.4 × 10−3
=  1m sec
dI 6
0 to 1, = +K ⇒ e = – LK = – α
dt L 1 L λ  L 
8. = = =λ =,Q CV 
dI CVR CV  R  Q  R 
1 to 2, = –K ⇒ e = + LK = + α
dt time
⇒
–1
= (current)
dI ch arg e
2 to 3 = +K ⇒ e = – LK = – α
dt
e
+α 9. +
–
open ckt.
0
t
–α
At switch on t = 0, L ⇒ open circuit
5. L = µ0n2A ⇒ i3 = 0
L ∝  (n & A Constant) E 10 10
current i1 = i2 = = = =3.3i1 = i2
R1 + R 2 1 + 2 3
L2  2  2 
= ⇒ = L2 =    2 = 4H = 3.3 A, i3 = 0
L1  1   BEGINNER'S BOX - 6
6. L = µ0n2A = µ0n2V ⇒ L ∝ V e 1  dI 
1. i2 = 2 ⇒ i2 = M  1
When all linear dimensions are increased by a R2 R2  dt 
factor 3, they will become four times
dI1 i2 R 2 0.4 × 5
⇒ = = = 4 A/s
h dt M 0.5
(φ ) 9.0 × 10−5
 b 2. (φ2)T=MI1 ⇒ M = 2 T = =3 × 10–5 H
I1 3.0
L ' V ' (4 ) (4b) (4h) MdI1
= = = 64 ⇒ L' = 64L d
L V bh 3. e2 = – = –M (I0sinωt) = – MI0ω cosωt
dt dt
Increased by factor 63 4. Peak value e0 = MI0ω (From above question)
7. φ = LI
= MI0(2πf)
= 2 × 5.8 = 11.6 Wb = 1.5 × 1 × 2π × 50 = 150πV
BEGINNER'S BOX - 5 5. M ∝ N1 N2 (In question N1N2 = constant)
L µ NN A
1. RC and , time constant 6. M= 0 1 2
R 
1 4π × 10−7 × 2000 × 1.2 × 10−3 × 300
is angular frequency at resonance in a.c. =
LC 0.3
 L 10  =
dI I2 − I1 
2. I = I0 (1 – e–t/λ)  λ= R= 5 = 2 sec  ∆I1 ( −4)  
  em= –M =–96π × 10 × –5
dI =−2 − 2 
∆t 0.25  
E  = −4 
= (1 – e–t/λ) = 1(1 – e–2/2) = (1 – e–1)
R = 4.8 × 10 V
–2
L 8 × 10−3 x2
3. λ= = = 2ms 7. Use trick : M ∝ in
R 4 x out
dI E dI E 5
5. = (e-t/λ), at t=0 = = 0.25 A/sec. 8. (i) (a) ACW, (b) Zero, (c) CW
dt L dt L 20
 L 5 × 10−3 .001  (ii) (a) ACW, (b) Zero,
6.  λ= = = 
 R 18 3.6  (c) CW (seen from right side)
(iii) (a) L to N, (b) Zero, (c) N to L
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BEGINNER'S BOX - 7 7. Use effective length
1. (i) No flux cutting ⇒ No EMI
(ii) Magnetic field will be upward perpendicular to 8.

the plane paper (  )
(iii) Magnetic field will be downward perpendicular to

the plane paper ( ⊗ )
(iv) Q to P
(v) N will be at LP
(vi) X → N pole Y → S pole

≡
(vii) X → S pole Y → N pole
B2 2 v 0.15 × 0.15 × 0.5 × 0.5 × 2

2. Fext = = =
R 3
= 3.75 × 10–3 N Intentaneous induced emf in square metal loop

is:-
B2 2 v 0.25 × 9 × 10−4 × 1 × 10−2
3. Fext = = enet = e1 – e2
R loop 1 × 10−3
µ0 I
–3
= 2.25 × 10 N = av(B1 – B2), where B1 =
2πx
4. According to Wheatstone bridge resistance of the
µ0 I
circuit is 3Ω and resistance of the loop is 1Ω & B2 =
2π(x + a)
So Rnet =1+3=4Ω using the values of B1 and B2
Bv iR µ0 Iva  1 1 
induced current i = ⇒ v = net enet = −
R net B 2π  x x + a 
1 × 10−3 × 4 µ0 Iva2
= = 2 × 10–2 m/s Clockwise (CW) enet = (always non zero)
2 × 10 × 10−2 2πx ( x + a )
5. Distance travelled by the loop in t =2s BEGINNER'S BOX - 8
= (1cm/sec) × 2 sec = 2cm 1. e → max ⇒ φ → min = 0, When magnetic field
is parallel to plane of coil.
So that flux of the loop is increasing
2. e0 = NBAω
e = Bv = 0.6 × 1 × 10–2 × 5 × 10–2
1800
–4 =60 × .5 × 20 × 10 × 10–4 × 2 × π × =113 V
= 3 × 10 V 60
At t = 10s loop will be completely inside in the BEGINNER'S BOX - 9
magnetic field B 1. To reduce eddy current
φ = contant ⇒ e = 0 (No emi) P 11 × 90
2. Efficiency = out × 100 = × 100 = 90%
Pin 220 × 5
2 2
B  v
6. Fext = ⇒ Fext ∝ v straight line 3. Working of transformer is based on mutual
R induction
B 2 2 v 2 4. Application of eddy current
Pmech = ⇒ Pm ∝ v2 parabola
R (i) Induction furnace,
(ii) Electric Brakes
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2. φ = BA cos 0° = BA = 0.01 × 10 = 10 Wb
3
dφ  −2NBA  2NBA
e=– − =
− =t
∆B  4 −1 dt  t 
4. e=A = 2  = 3 volt
∆t  2  (Only magnitude)
−4 −4
∆φ 5.5 × 10 − 5 × 10 2 × 200 × 0.8 × 70 × 10−4
7. q= = = 5 × 10–6 C =
R 10 0.1
∆φ NBA = 22.4 volt
8. q= ⇒ q =
R R 25. Magnetic energy
qR 32 × 10 × 200 −6
1 2
B= = = 0.566T UB = LI ∝ I2 ⇒ I U B
NA 100 × π(6 × 10−3 )2 2
∆φ (A – A1 ) I2 U2 1 1 1
9. e= = –B 2 = = = = ⇒ I2 = 1
∆t ∆t I1 U1 4 2 2
2
(2πr = 4 ⇒ r = ) t is equal to Half life period therefore :
π
L 10
A1 = Asquare = (22 × 10–2)2 t = 0·693 = 0·693 × = 3·5 sec.
R 2
2
 2 × 22  L
A2 = Acircular = 3·14 × × 10−2  26. λ= = 4 sec. L = µ0n2A ⇒ L ∝ 
 3 ⋅ 14  R
e = –6·6 mV ρ
R= ⇒R ∝
10. e=
8
(1Wb = 10 Mexwell) A
,
12 × 10+3 × 10 –8
= = 0·6 mV
0⋅2
∆φ 2NBA
11. q= = ⇒ ⇒
R R
2NBA
12. e= L1L 2 L R1 R 2 R
t Lp = = , Rp = =
L1 + L 2 4 R1 + R 2 4
1000 × (0.4 × 10−4 ) × (500 × 10−4 ) × 2
= = 0.04V
0.1 L/4 L
= = 4 sec.
R/4 R
15. Speed of beam is constant so current is also
constant. Due to this no current induced. 28. Nφ = LI
( v=constant ⇒ I =constant ⇒ φ =constant Nφ 100 × 5 × 10−5
L= = = 2.5 × 10–3 H
I 2
dφ
⇒ = 0 ⇒ e = 0)
dt 1 2 1 –3 2 –3
U= LI = (2.5 × 10 ) (2) =5 × 10 J
2 2
16. Current in wire is constant so flux is also
constant I = const ⇒ B = const ⇒ φ = constant OR
⇒ NO EMI U = (φtotal)I/2
∆φ µ0 N2 πr 2
20. q= ∴ q ∝ (∆t)°
R 29. L = = µ0n2πr2 r2

21. φ1 = NBA φ2 = –NBA

L' = µ0n π (2r)2 = 2L ⇒ two times
2
∆φ = –2NBA 2
⇒ inductance increases by 100%.
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 − t 
R LdI dt
31. I = I0  1 − e L  42. e= ⇒ L=e
  dt dI
12 60
9I0  − t 
5
1 L= × = 15 H
= I0  1 − e 5  ⇒ e =
–t
48 1
10   10
1 2 E
After taking log both the sides 44. U= LI , where I0 =
2 R
t = loge10 = 2.3 sec.
46. Self inductance of solenoid
∆I (1.5) − (1) µ N2 A
33. e=L = 60 × 10–6 × L= 0 ⇒ L ∝ N2
∆t 0.1 
= 300 × 10–6 V L 40
47. λ= = = 5 second
R 8
e 300 × 10−6 LdI e 5
=
i = = 0.5 Amp. 48. e= ⇒L= =
R 600 × 10−6 dt (dI / dt) (1 / 10−3 )
–3
= 5 × 10 = 5mH
34. At t = 0 49. Current becomes half of its peak value in half life
time
V 10 10 5 L 300 × 10−3
I= = = = A T= × 0·693 = × 0.693
R net 6+8 14 7 R 2
= 0.1 sec.
35. In parallel combination
50.
–t/
i= i0 (1 – e λ )
1 1 1 1
= + + 5V
L L1 L2 L3 i0 = = 1 amp.
5Ω
1 1 1 3
= + + = = 1H L 10
3 3 3 3 l= = = 2 sec.
R 5
L
36. λ= = 2 × 10–3 sec at t = 2 sec.
R
i = 1(1 – e–2/2)
L
= 0.5 × 10–3 sec. i = (1 – e–1)
R + 90
52. In both cases (a) & (b) M is constant
(2 × 10–3) R = (0.5 × 10–3)(R + 90) dI1
–3 For (a) e2 = M
R = 30Ω L = 2 × 10 × 30 = 60 mH dt
37. Magnetic energy e2 2 ×10−3 –4
M= = = 4 × 10 H
(dI1 dt) 5
1 2 1 1
UB = LI = (LI)I [ φ = LI] = φI dI2
2 2 2 For (b) e1=M =4 × 10–4 × 2 = 8 × 10–4 V
dt
38. Self inductance of toroid is given by
N2 B1 A 2
53. M=
µ N2 A µ N2 πr 2 µ N2 r 2 I1
L= 0 = 0 = 0
2πR m 2πR m 2R m
 2 2 µ 0 I  2
L∆I e = (1)  
41. e= − ⇒ L= −  πL  I
 
∆t ( ∆I ∆t)
2 2 µ 0 2
8 =
L= − =
−0.2H πL
(2 / 0.05)
= 0.2 H (only positive value) 2
M∝
L
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−2
dφ dI dφ 2 × 10 75. Effective length of the loop = 2R
61. φ=MI ⇒ =M ⇒M = = =2H
dt dt dI 0.01
perpendicular component of velocity to effective
64. M=K L1L 2 here (K = 1) length vsinθ
 
e = B(  × v)
so M = L1L 2
e = B2R v sin θ
VS N S 1 1
66. = = ⇒ VS = × VP 76. For rotating conducting rod emf accross its end is
VP N P 20 20
1
2500 e= Bω2
VS = volt 2
20
1
67. Transfarmer cannot works on dc supply. So eOP = Bω(4)2 = 8Bω2
2
dφ d
68. e=– =– (10t2 – 50t + 250) = –(20t–50) 1
dt dt ∴ eOQ = 2
Bω(2) = 2Bω
2
2
Put t = 3 sec therefore ePQ = eOP¯ eOQ
e = –(20 × 3 – 50) = –10V 2
ePQ = 6Bω
µ0 N1 N2 A
69. M= 77. An emf will induce in that close loop in such a

way that it opposes the motion of rod.
1
70. eox = Bω2 79. ∆φ = 0 (due to motion inside a uniform magnetic
2
field)
1 ∴e=0
eoy = Bω2
2
87. e0 = NBAω
1 1 91. Induced electric field in this loop
exy = Bω2 – Bω2 = 0
2 2 dB
E(2πR) = πR2 (r = R, on the surface)
1 1 dt
71. e = Bω2 = B (2πf)2
2 2 R dB
E= = 2 × 10–2 × 0.2 = 4 × 10–3 v/m
1 2 dt
= (6.28 × 10–3) (2 × 3.14 × 50)(1)2=1 V
2 Force applied by this electric field
F = qE = 2 × 4 × 10–3 = 8 × 10–3 N
Bv /4
73.
P
Bv  Q
Bv /4
Using KVL
Bv Bv
VP+ − Bv + = VQ
4 4
Bv
VP – VQ =
2
VP – VQ is positive so VP > VQ
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1. M=K L1L 2 VS I S VS (6)

13. η= ⇒ 0.9 = ⇒ VS = 450V
Here K = 1, L1 = 2mH VP I P 3 × 103
3000
L2 = 8mH ⇒ M = 16 = 4mH As VPIP = 3000 so IP = A = 15A
200
Vs N dφ
2. = s , =4 14. emf Induced in side (1)
Vp N p dt x
Ep = Vp = 4V (for ideal T)
x–a/2 1 2
 Ns   1500  I
=Vs V= p  4=   120V
 Np   50  V
a
Pout
3. =
η × 100 , where Pin = VP IP x + a/2
Pin
ε1 = B1V
 100 
=  =× 100 90% emf Induced is side (2)
 220 × 0.5 
1 ε2 = B2V
4. φ = BA cosθ =   [π (0.2) ] cos60°
2
π emf in the frame = B1V – B2V

1
= (0.2)2 = 0.02 Wb ε = V [B1 – B2]
2
1
5.  Total flux φ = LI ⇒ ε ∝ B1 − B2 Since B ∝
r
φ 4 × 10−3 × 500  
∴L= = = 1H  1
I 2 1 
So ε ∝  −
6. Induced emf will not remain constant in circular a a
x − x+ 
and elliptical loops.  2 2
* when one dimention of loop in magnetic field is  1 1 
changed, then, e = constant (like square, ⇒ ε∝ − 
rectangular loop)  ( 2x − a ) ( 2x + a ) 
* when both two dimentions of loop in magnetic 15. First current develops in direction of abcd but
field is changed, then, e ≠ constant (like circular, when electron moves away, then magnetic field
triangular loop) inside loop decreases & current will change its
dφ d[(B)πr 2 ]  dr 
direction.
7. e= = = 2πrB   16. Flux linked with each turn = 4 × 10–3 Wb
dt dt  dt 
–2 –3
= (2π)(2 × 10 )(2× 10 )(0.04) ∴ Total flux linked = 1000[4 × 10–3] Wb = 4
= 3.2 πµV Wb
dφ φtotal = L i = 4 ⇒ L = 1H
 dr 
8. φ = (B)(πr ) ⇒ e =
2
= (B)(2πr)   17. For Loop 1
dt  dt 
= (0.025)(2π)(2 × 10–2)(10–3) = πµV dφ  dB   dB 
εind =− =−A   cos 0° = −πr 2  
dt  dt   dt 
dφ
9. =i = dt 100t 200
= = 0.5A For Loop 2, εind = 0 as no flux linkage
R 400 400
 ∆φ  1 
dI 18. =
q   ⋅  ∆t
10. Voltage across inductor V = L
dt  ∆t  R 
∆φ  2 ∆i  1
11. q = ⇒ ∆φ = qR q=µ0 nNπr ∆t  R ∆t
R  
= area under the curve   4  1
4 × 0.1 q= 4π × 10−7 × 2 × 104 × 100 × π × (10−2 )2 ×   2
× 0.05
= × 10 = 2 weber   .05   10π
2 q = 32 µC
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19. Just after switch closed then  µ0 I1  2
  ( πR 2 )
R φ12 B1 A 2  2R1 
E
=
M = =
R I1 I1 I1
R
µ0 πR 22
Here E = 18V, R = 9Ω M=
2 R1
18
I = E/R = = 2A
9 R 22
1 2 M∝
20. Magnetic potential energy = LI R1
2
28. Just after closing the switch, inductor will behave
1 −3
⇒ 25 × 10 = L(60 × 10−3 )2 like open circuit.
2
⇒ L = 13.89 H E
⇒ Current thorugh battery i =
4R
21. Given
∆φ 20 − 10
N = 800, A = 0.05 m2, B = 5 × 10–5 T 29. ∆q = = = 2 coulomb
R 5
∆t = 0.15 s
30. B= 0.5 T
( φ − φi ) (0 − NBA)
As e = − f =
−
∆t ∆t
800 × 5 × 10−5 × 5 × 10−2
= = 0.02 V 1m
0.1
22. Eddy current effect is not used in electric heater  
Angle between B & A is zero
2
Bω2 0.1 (10 ) ( 0.5 )
23. E= = = 0.125 V φ = B.A. cos 0
2 2
= 0.5 × (1) × 1
24. φ = 5t2 + 3t + 60
= 0.5 Wb
dφ
31.
–2 –2
|ε| = = 10t + 3 [MLT A ] = Magnetic permeability
dt
32. L = 4H
At t = 4 sec.
di (2 − 4)
|ε| = 40 + 3 = 43 volt  ε = −L = −4 = –4(–2) = 8 V
dt 1
1
25. =
ε B ωr2 1 2
2 33. E = LI
2
1  120   2
ε= × (0.4 × 10−4 ) ×  2π    (1) 1
2   60   = × 10 × 12
2
ε = 0.8π × 10 = 2.512 × 10 V
–4 –4
10
= =5J
26. 220 × ip = 44 2
44 1 34. φ = 2t3 + 4t2 + 2t + 5
⇒ i p= = = 0.2A
220 5
dφ
emf = = 6t2 + 8t + 2
dt
= 6 × 52 + 8 × 5 + 2
27. R2
= 192 V
I1
R1 R12 >> R
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2. By using kirchoff law 6. Induced charge does not depend on time
Ldi L1L 2
VA – 3 × 2 – + 10 = VB 7. = 2.4 and L1 + L2 = 10
dt L1 + L 2
di L1L2 = 2.4 × 10 ⇒ L1L2 = 24

= 1 amp/s
dt
(L1 – L2) = (L1 + L 2 )2 − 4L1 L 2
VA – 6 – 1 + 10 = VB
VA – VB = –3V = (10)2 − 4 × 24 = 100 − 96
3. At t → ∞ sec L1 – L2 = 4 = 2H
–2(∞)
I1 = I0(1 – e ) = I0 (1 – 0) = I0
11. enet = Bv + Bv = 2Bv
At t = 1 sec Bv  B 
 e2 − 1 
I2 = I0 (1 – e–2(1)) = I0  2  10−3 ×100
 e  E 100 − 100×10−3 1
13. I = I0e–t/λ
= e–tR/L = e = e–1 =
R 100 e
I1 e 2
= 2
I2 e −1
4. P = VI
P 2200 watt
I= = = 0.1 amp
V 22000 volt
power loss = I2R = (0.1)2 (10) = 0.1watt
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BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 BEGINNER'S BOX - 2

1. There are few reasons for it : 60
1. Vrms = ⇒ R = 20Ω
• A.C. attracts while D.C. repels. 2
• A.C. gives a huge and sudden shock.
60 3
• Frequency (50 to 60 Hz) shocks are injurious Irms = = = 2.1A
2 × 20 2
to human body.
2. E=100 sin(1000 t), XL=10 × 10 × 1000 =10 Ω
–6 –2
2. For AC, I = I0 sinωt, the instantaneous value of
heat produced (per second) in a resistance R is,
100 π
H = I2R = I02sin2ωt × R the average value of I= −2
sin (1000 t – )
10 2
heat produced during a cycle is :
T T 3. E = 200 2 sin 100t
=
Hav
∫=
0
H dt ∫
0
(I20 sin2 ωt × R)dt
=
1 2
I0 R
T T
2 XL = 2 × 100 = 200 Ω
∫ dt0 ∫0
dt
 T 1  200 2
Irms = = 1 Amp


∫ 0
I20 sin2 ωt dt =I20 T 
2  2 × 200
2 4. XC = 212 Ω
 I0  2
=
⇒ Hav =  R I rms R .....(i)
 2 Irms = 1.03 A
However, in case of DC, HDC = I2 R...(ii) I0 = 1.46 A
 I = Irms so from equation (i) and (ii) HDC = Hav If the frequency is doubled the capacitive
AC produces same heating effects as DC of value reactances is halved the consequently the current
I = Irms. This is also why AC instruments which
is doubled.
are based on heating effect of current give rms
value. 1
5. Z = XC =
3. The average value of a.c. for a cycle is zero. So a 60 × 2π × 60 × 10−6
d.c. ammeter will always read zero in a.c. circuit. V 110
Irms = rms = × 2π × 36 = 2.49 A
I0 Z 104
4. I = I0 sin ωt = I0 sinωt 6. (a) Opposition to current is constant with
2
π π× T T 1 frequency then circuit will be resistive Circuit
ωt = t= = =
4 4 × 2π 8 50 × 8
element – resistor.
–3
= 2.5 × 10 s
5. (a) i = 3.5 sin (628t + 30°) (b) In graph b oppose to current ∝ f
V = 28 sin (628t – 30°) Z∝f

2π
ω= So circuit element inductor (XL= 2πf)
T
2π 2π π X
T = = = 0.01sec 7. φ= ; tan φ = L
ω 628 3 R
(b) phase difference φ =(φ1 – φ2) XL
= 3 , X L = 3R ...(i)
R
= 30° – (–30°) = 60°
2V0 Z= R 2 + X 2L ; 10 = R 2 + X 2L
T
6. Average value for 0 to time = 3R2 + R2 = 100 ;
2 π
2 × 314 4R2 = 100
= = 200 V
3.14
R = 5Ω and XL = 5 3 Ω,
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π XL XC 1
8. φ= tan φ = 13. For circuit A tan φ = ; tan φ =
4 R R ωCR
X
1= L XL = R = 314Ω 1 1
R = −6
= =1
200 × 500 × 10 × 10 1
ωL = 314 Ω 314 × L = 314
L = 1H π
φ=
4
12
9. Resistance of coil R = = 3Ω
4 π π
for circuit B; φ = for circuit C; φ =
When connected to A.C. 2 2
12 π
Impedence Z = = 5Ω for circuit D; φ = (Pure L – C circuit)
2.4 2
2 2 2
Z = R + XL X L 200 × 5
2 for circuit E; tan=
φ = =1
25 = 9 + XL R 1000
XL = 4Ω ⇒ ωL = 4 π
φ=
4 4 4
L = = = 0.08H
ω 50
BEGINNER'S BOX - 3
10. Z= R2 + X L 2 V 50
1.=
I= = 2.5A
Z 2 × 10 2
Z= 100 + (800 × 10−3 × 300)2 ; Z = 240.2Ω
XL – XC = 10Ω
100Ω 100Ω
Potential drop at combination of L & C
11. = i(XL – XC) = 2.5 × 10 = 25 V
~
240V, 50Hz
2. The three current equations are, V = iRR,
di L dV 1
V=L and = iC
Z= 2 2
100 + 100 = 100 2Ω dt dt C
=V0 =
2VRMS 2(240)V V0 V
so iR = sinωt , iL = – 0 cosωt and iC =
(a) Maximum current R ωL
V0 2(240) V0ωC cosωt

=
I0 = = 2.4amp
Z 100 2
1 1
3. (a) ω = = = 50 rad/s
XL LC
(b) tan=
φ = 1 φ = ωt 5 × 80 × 10−6
R
π 2π V 230
φ = 45° ⇒ = .t (b) Imax = = = 5.75 Amp.,
4 T R 40
T
⇒=
t = 2.5 × 10−3 sec I0 = 2 (5.75) = 8.13 Amp.
8
12. Resistance of inductor R = 100Ω 1
4. ω0 =
LC
phase difference at frequency of 1000 Hz = 45°
xL R
tan φ = =1 5. cos φ =
R Z
XL = R
Z= 2 R at half power frequencies
XL = 100 ⇒ 2πfL = 100
100 R π
L= = 15.9 mH cos φ = ;φ=
2π × 1000 2R 4
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6. (a) Resonance frequency 5. (a) φ = 60°
1 1 R
fR = = cos φ =
2π LC 2π 0.12 × 480 × 10 −9 Z
2 1 R
= 6.63 × 10 Hz = ⇒ Z = 2R = 200Ω
2 Z
1 L 1 0.12
(b) Q = = = 21.7 V  200  1
R C 23 480 × 10−9 =
I =  = Amp
Z  2 × 200  2
BEGINNER'S BOX - 4 (b) P = VI cos φ
1. P = VI cos φ
200 1 1
= × × = 50Watt
P 600 3 2 2 2
cos φ=
= =
VI 5 × 160 4 100 4
6. Wattless current = I sin φ = × =16Amp
2. (a) H = i2Rt 5 5
220
V 25 5 7. (a) Irms = = 2.2Amp
i=
= = Amp 100
Z 2 ×5 2 2
(b) Net power consumed P=i R=2.2 × 2.2 × 100
2
= 484 Wattt
 5  8. V2 = VL2 + VR2
H=   × 4 × 80 = 4000 J
 2 VL2 = V2 – VR2
2 2 2
5 3 VL = 130 – 50 = (130 + 50) (130 – 50)
(b) Wattless current= I sinφ= × =2.12 Amp
2 5 = 180 × 80; VL = 120 V
π BEGINNER'S BOX - 5
3. φ= 1. Energy is shared equally between L and C
3
X X T 3T 5T
tan φ = ⇒ = 3 at t = , , .......
R R 8 8 8
T = 2π LC
X= 3R
π LC 3π LC 5π LC 7π LC
V So t = ; ; ;
Impedence Z of this circuit = = 1kΩ 4 4 4 4
I 200 × 10−6
2. (i) maximum I = Q0ω =
Z= X 2 + R2 2 × 10−3 × 5 × 10−6
= 2Amp
10 = R + X ⇒ 10 = R + 3R
6 2 2 6 2 2
(ii) Q = 200 µC
1 200 = 200 cos ωt
R= × 103 = 500 Ω
2 ωt = 0°; So current I = Q0ω sin ωt = 0
So = x = ; X = 500 3 Ω (iii) Q = Q0 cos ωt
(b) P = VI cos φ Q = 100 µC; Q0 = 200 µC
100 100 1 100 = 200 cosωt

= × × × 10–3 = 2.5 watt π dI
2 2 2 ωt = ; = Q0ω2 cos ωt
3 dt
V 110
4. (a) Z = = = 22Ω 200 × 10−6
I 5 = = 104 A/s
2 × 2 × 10−3 × 5 × 10−6
π I0 I π
(b) φ = (Nature inductive) (iv) I = ⇒ 0 = I0 sinωt ⇒ ωt =
3 2 2 6
π 1 3
Power factor = cos φ = cos = So Q = Q0 cos ωt = 200 × 10–6 ×
3 2 2
= 1.73 × 10–4C
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1. Given that, 7. V = 120 sin (100π t) cos (100πt)
HAC = 3 HDC  2 sinθ cosθ = sin 2θ
I2rms Rt = 3 (I Rt)
2
sin(2 × 100πt)
I2rms = 3I
2 ∴ sin (100πt) cos (100πt) =
2
Irms = 3I = 3 × 2 V = 60 sin (200π t)
Irms = 3.46 A compare from
2. E = E0 cos ωt V = VO sin ωt
1 VO = 60 volt,
Given, E0 = 10V, t = sec., f = 50Hz
600 ω = 200π
1 2πf = 200π
E = 10 cos (2π × 50 × )
600 f = 100 Hz
π
E = 10 cos E = 5 3 V 2V0 2 2Vrms 2 2 × 220
6 8. =
Vavg = = = 198V
π π 3.14
3.  2π (phase difference) ≡ T(Time difference)
12. Peak voltage in primary V0 = 2 Vrms = 100 2
T
1 rad (PD) ≡ (Time difference) Vs N2 N
2π = ⇒ Vs = s × Vp
Vp N1 Np
π T π
So, (PD) ≡ × (Time difference)
4 2π 4 Vs = 5 × 100 2 = 500 2V
T 1 15. XL = 2πfL
= ⇒ time difference = s
8 50 × 8
XL ∝ f (graph straight line)
or time difference = 2.5 ms.
1 1
4. I = 3 + 4 sin ωt XC = ; XC ∝
2πfC C
(i) square = 9 + 16 sin ωt + 24 sinωt
2
1 (graph rectangular hyperbola)

(ii) mean value = 9 + 16 × + 0 = 17 XL
2 16. tan φ =
R
(iii) Root = 17
2π × 50 × 0.21
(iv) Rms value = 17 tan φ =
12
OR
tan φ ≈ 5.5
I = a + b sin ωt
Now tan 60° = 3 and 5.5 > 3
b2 16
∴ I=
rms a2 + = 9+ = 9+8 = 17 So, angle will be greater 60°.
2 2
17. 2
V= VR2 + VC2
6. i = i1 cos ωt + i2 sin ωt
Let i1 = asin φ, and i2 = a cos φ (220)2 = (110)2 + VC2
than i = a sinφ cos ωt + a cos φ cos ωt VC = 190 Volt.
i = a sin (φ + ωt) 19. For DC. V = IR
[ sin A cos B + sin B cos A = sin (A+B)]
V 100
R= =
a I 25
So Irms =
2 R = 4Ω (Resistance of coil)
a= 2
i +i
1
2
2 (=a 2
i +i
1
2
2 ) For AC. V = IZ
V 100
OR Z= = Z=5Ω
I 20
i = i1 cos ωt + i2 sin ωt
Z2 = R2 + X2  X2 = Z2 – R2
i12 + i22 i12 + i22 2 2
=
I max ⇒ I rms
i12 + i22= = =5 –4
2 2
Reactance of coil X = 3Ω.
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V 40.  XL = XC
24. I=
Z
1
Z = ωL = 2π × 50 × 2 = 200π f= XL = 2πfL
2π LC
V
I1 =
200π 1 L
XL = 2πL × =
2π LC C
on frequency 400 Hz
Z = ωL = 2π × 400 × 2 10−3
XL = ⇒ XL = 10Ω.
10 × 10−6
V I V 1600π
I2 = ; 1 = × =8
1600π I2 200π V OR
I1 1
I2 = (lagging by 90° from V due to purely At resonance, ω =
8 LC
inductive circuit) ω = 10 Rad/sec.
4
OR
∴ XL = ωL = 104 × 10–3 = 10 Ω
XL ∝ f, f becomes 8 times, so XL also becomes 8
42. Impedance of series circuit
times, so current becomes 1/8 times and lagging
by 90° from V (pure inductive circuit) Z= R 2 + (X L − X C )2
∴ If XL and XC are interchanged then there is no

1 effect on Z.
27. Use X c =
ωC 47. Power dissipation = VI cosφ
XL
31. tan φ = V R V2R
R = V. . =
Z Z Z2
 X L = ωL
 Now Z= R 2 + (X L − X C )2
40π = 2π × 50 × 0.4
tan φ = 
100 =
 40πΩ Z = R (∴ XL = XC)

=R 100Ω
V2R V2
Power dissipations = =
tan φ = 0.4π , R2 R
φ = tan–1 (0.4π) V0 10
V= = ⇒ R = 10Ω
XC 1 2 2
32. tan=
φ =
R ωRC 10 × 10
Power dissipation = = 5 Watt.
1 1 2 × 2 × 10
= −6 OR
2π × 50 × 100 × 100 × 10 π
At resonance
1 10
 φ = tan –1   =
I0 = 1
π 10
1
dI d I rms =
33. VL = L = L (I0sinωt) 2
dt dt
10 1
Pav = Vrms Irms = = 5 Watt.×
= I0ωLcosωt = I0ωLsin(ωt + π/2) 2 2
48. At resonance, maximum power impart to circuit.
35. Use V2 = VR2 + VC2
1 1
39. VL = I × XL f= ⇒ 50 =
2π LC 2π 10 × C
0.6
  C = 10 F
–6
I=
2π × 60 × 10−3
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1 R
49. f= 65. Power factor cos φ =
2π LC Z
L 5L For negligible power factor ⇒ R Low

Now L' = L + =
4 4 Z high (L high)
C 4C 66. Wattless power = V I sinφ ,
C' = C – =
5 5
 100
f' =
1
=
1 V = V
 2
2π L ' C ' 5L 4C
2π × 100 100 π  100
4 5 Wattless power = × × sin I = A
2 2 6  2
1  π
f' = =f φ =
2π LC  6
51. R Changed ⇒ Z Changed ⇒ I Changed = 2.5 × 103 Watt
VL = I XL (Changed) R R
69. Power factor = cosφ = =
VC = I XC (Changed) Z R + X 2L
2
VL and VC are changed by same amount

1100
So Voltage across LC combination (VL–VC ) cos φ =
2
 22 7
remains same. (1100)2 +  2 × × 50 × 
 7 2
VL − VC 1 1100 1
52. tan φ = = = 45° = ; cos φ =
VR 1 2 2
2
(1100) + (1100)
VL > VC
Ldi q
76. =
π dt C
So current lags by
4
d2 q q
 π L =
∴ I = I0 cos  ωt −  dt2 C
 4
on comparing with F = kx
53. Z= R 2 +X 2 [X = reactance] 1
m~L&C~
if ω↑ than XC ↓, Z↓ k
So circuit contain resistance and capacitance L
So that mk =
54. VL = VC C
∴ XL = XC (Resonance condition) 78. Energy equally shared at time
V 100 T 3T 5T
i= = = 2A t= , , ....... at t = T /8
R 50 8 8 8
VR = iR = 2 × 50 = 100 V
1 2π LC π
= =
t= LC
V 2 = VR2 + ( VL − VC )
2
56. f×8 8 4
59. Ploss = VI cosφ 1 1
=
79. f =
Ploss 600 2π LC 2π 0.1 × 10−6 × 0.25
cos φ = =
VI 5 × 160
105
cos φ = 0.75 = = 1007 Hz
99.29
64. E = E0 sin ωt
80. I = Qω sin ωt
π π
I = I0 sin (ωt + ) ⇒ φ= 60 × 10−6 × 100
2 2 Imax = Qω = = 20A
3 × 10−4
cos φ = 0 so P = 0
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1 1 2 1
1. Use f = 7. = LI C  V12 − V22 
2π LC 2 2
R LI2 C ( V12 − V22 )
=
2. PF =
Z
C ( V12 − V22 )
 Z= R 2 +(X L − X C )2 I2 =
L
2 2
Z= (8) +(31 − 25) =
10 Ω  C ( V12 − V22 ) 
1/2
I= 
8  L 
=
PF = 0.8
10
8. In RL circuit
,
XL
4. Given e = E0 sin ωt tan φ =
R
i = I0 sin (ωt – φ)
3
So phase difference = φ tan φ =
3
power factor = cosφ
By formula tanφ = 1
Average power (Pav) = Vrms Irms cosφ π π

tan φ = tan φ=
E0 I0 4 4
= × cos φ
2 2 V0
9. i0 = e = 200 2 sin(100t)
E I XC
= 0 0 cos φ
2
i0= V0ωC ...(i)
V0 = 200 2 ; ω = 100; C = 10 F
–6
6. VL–VC V
φ i=
0 200 2 × 100 × 10−6
VR i0 = 2 2 × 10−2 A
V 2 = VR2 + ( VL − VC )
2
i0 2 2 × 10−2
i=
rms =
2 2
VR2 + ( VL − VC )
2
V= –2
2 × 10 A = 20 mA
V = VR2 VL = VC 1/2
 T /2 V 2 dt + T V 2 dt 
10. Vrms
∫ 1 ∫T /2 2 
=  0
V = VR ∴ [VL – VC = 0] 
 T 
given V = 220V Here V1 = V0 and V2 = 0
VR = 220V 1/2 1/2
 T 1 V 
V 220 Vrms =  V02 ×  =  0
i= i=  2 T  2 
R 100
22 V0
i= i = 2.2A Vrms =
10 2
OR 11. XL = 20Ω at 50Hz
At resonance
Thus at 100Hz XL becomes = 40Ω
Vapplied = VR
VR Z = R 2 + X 2L = 302 + 402 =50Ω
so I =
R Vrms 200
=
I rms = = 4A
Z 50
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12. In case-1 15. When capacitor is filled with mica then
XC capacitance C increases so XC decreases
L is removed tan φ =
R In case (b) XC ↓ so voltage across capacitor
π XC decreases. so Va > Vb
tan = ...(i)
3 R
16. Pure resistor Resistor & Inducer
In case-2 circuit circuit
XL
C is removed tan φ =
R R R L
π X
tan = L ...(ii)
3 R
By equation (i) and (ii)
~
(Phasor diagram)
XL XC R
= ⇒ XL = XC (Condition of resonance)
R R φ
R XL
Power factor = Z
Z
Z = R at resonance, hence P.F = 1
AC source Impedance = Z
i0 v0 π
13. i rms = v rms = φ=
2 2 3 =P ' V.I.cos φ
1 1 1 1 V2 V
=i rms = =
v rms = P= =P ' V.   .cos φ
2× 2 2 2× 2 2 R Z
Average power (Pav) = VrmsIrms cosφ V2 R
⇒ V = PR
2
P' =
·
1 1 π 1 Z Z
⇒ × cos   = × cos(60)
2 2 3 4 (From phasor diagram)
1 1 1 (PR)R
= × = P' =
4 2 8 Z2
2
R
P' =   P
Z
1 1
17. XC = = = 58.8 Ω
14. ωC 340 × 50 × 10 –6
XL = ωL = 340 × 20 × 10–3 = 6.8 Ω
~ Z = R 2 + (X C − X L )2
Brightness of the bulb ∝ I
= 402 + (58.8 − 6.8)2 = 4304 Ω
• decreases when an iron rod is inserted in the
2
coil as impedance of circuit increases. (Z↑, V 
P = i2rms R =  rms  R
I↓)  Z 
2
• increases when frequency of the AC source  10 / 2  50 × 40
=  × 40 = = 0.47 W
is decreased as impedance of circuit  4304  4304
 
decreases.
So best answer (nearest answer) will be (1)
• Increases when number of turns in the coil is
18. Input voltage, V(t) = V0sinωt
reduced as impedance of circuit decreases.
dq dV
• increases when a capacitance of reactance For capacitor, I(t) = =
C =
ωCV0 cos ωt
dt dt
XC = XL is included in the circuit as
⇒ Current I(t) leads voltage V (t) by 90°
impedance of decreases.
Also, Capacitor does not consume any energy
over a full cycle.
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19. For better tuning, Q-factor must be high. 26. Impedance, z = 2
R +X 2
L
ωo L 1 L 1 L
∴ Q= =  = XL↑, Z ↑, I ↓
R LC  R  R C
R and C should be small and L should be high. 27. I0 = 10 2 A
VL − VC 100 − 40 3
20. tan φ = = = or φ = 37° I0
VR 80 4 =
I RMS = 10A
2
4
Power factor = cosφ = cos 37° = or 0.8
5 40 V 10 V 40 V
21. Here L C R
XL = ωL = (314) (20 × 10–3) = 6.280
1 1
=
XC = = 31.84Ω VRMS = VR2 + (VL − VC )2
ωC 314 × 100 × 10−6
R = 50Ω = (40)2 + (40 − 10)2
= 50 V
(XC − X L ) + R2
2
Z=
VRMS 50 V
= ( 31.84 − 6.28 )
2
+ ( 50 ) = 56Ω
2 Z= = = 5Ω
I RMS 10 V
2 2
v   10  ω ωL 50
=P  rms =
 R   ×=
50 0.79watt 28. =
Q = ⇒ ∆ω
= R /=
L = 8 rad / sec
 Z   2 × 56  ∆ω R 4
22. Changing polarity is termed as AC. 1 1

=
ω0 = = 50 rad / sec.
12 12 LC 5 × 80 × 10−6
23. Z = = 60 Ω and R = = 30 Ω
0.2 0.4
∆ω
V V ωmin =ω0 − =46 rad/sec
24. =I = = VCω 2
X C 1 / Cω
∆ω
= 200 × 40 × 10–6 × 2π × 50 ωmax =ω0 + =54 rad/sec
2
= 2.5 A
100
29. Resistance of coil = R = = 100 Ω
XC 1
25. When L removed tan φ =
R 3
Inductance coil L = H
π
XL when a.c. source is applied
When L removed tan φ =
R V
i=
R + (ωL)2
2
XC XL
= ⇒ Resonance ⇒ Z = R 100
R R 0.5 =
(100)2 + (ωL)2
R R
cos φ= = = 1 ωL = 100 3
Z R
3
(2πf) = 100 3 ⇒ f = 50 Hz
π
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30. Peak voltage is 2 times rms voltages in ac.
2mH
31. ω =100
ω 100 50 34.
=
ν = = Hz
2π 2π π
Resonance frequency
1 1 1
=
ν0 = 200V, 50Hz
2π LC 2 π 10 × 10 × 10−6
50 For AC XL = ωL For DC, ω = 0
= Hz
π X1 = 100π × 2 × 10
–3
XL = ωL
32. According to question
X1 = 0.2 πΩ X2 = 0
V = Vm sin ωt
X1 = 0.628 Ω
I = Im sin (ωt – π/2) = –Im cos ωt
35. Irms Vrms = P
 Pinst. = VI Irms × 200 = 100
1
2 Irms =
∴ Pinst. = –(Vm sin ωt) (Im cos ωt) × 2
2
− Vm I m 1
= sin(2ωt) So, Ipeak = I rms 2= × 2
2 2
i 1
= = 0.707 A
33. 2
90°
VC

1. When 100 V DC applied, So ωL =100 3
XL = 0 (because f=0) 100 3 100 3
L= =
From V=IZ ω 2πf
100 3
V = I R ( Z = R ) L= ⇒ L = 0.55 H
2π × 50
V 100 L
=
R = 2. τ= (given)
I 1 R
R
R = 100Ω power factor cos φ =
Z
When 100 V AC applied R 1 1
cos φ = = =
2 2 2
V=IZ R +ω L ωL2 2
1 + ω2 τ2
1+
R2
V 100 3. Vi = V0 sinωt
=
Z =
I 0.5 π
Ii = I0 sin (ωt –) = – I0 cosωt
Z = 200Ω 2
instantaneous power (P) = ViIi
2 2 2
Now Z =R +XL
P = –V0I0 sinωt cosωt
2 2 2
X L= Z – R
V0 I0
P=– sin2ωt ( 2 sinθcosθ = sin2θ)
=
X L 100 3 Ω 2
and XL = ωL So angular frequency = 2ω

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V2 9. XL = 2πfL = 70π ~ 220Ω
4. For DC R= (because XL=0)
P R = 220Ω
10×10 ∴ Z= R 2 + X 2L = 220 2
R= =5Ω
20
XL
For AC Ploss = VI cos φ tanφ = =1 ∴ φ = 45°
R
V R V
Ploss = V× × Wattless current = Irms. sinφ = sinφ
Z Z Z
V 2 ×R 220 1
Ploss = = sin 45° = = 0.5 A
Z2 220 2 2
10. Compare V = 20 cos 2000 t from
2 V 2 R 10 × 10 × 5
Z= = = 50Ω
Ploss 10 V = V0 cos ωt
20
Now Z2 =R 2 +X 2L V0 = 20, ω = 2000, Vrms =
2
2 2 2
50=25+ X 2L ⇒ X L =5 Ω Now Z = R + (XL –XC )
 Total resistance R = 6 + 4 = 10Ω
5 5
2πfL = 5 ⇒ f = =
2πL 2π × 10 × 10−3 XL = ωL = 2000 × 5mH
f = 80 Hz XL = 10Ω
R 1
5. Power factor cosφ = XC = = 106/2000 × 50
Z ωC
XC = 10Ω
Z = min at resoanance in LCR circuit
∴ Z2 = (10)2 + (10–10)2
1
ωL = so value of Z is equal in RL & RC V 20
ωC Total amount =
I = = 2A
circuit Z 2 10
so cosumed power P1 = P2 < P3 Now reading of voltmeter
6. According to current flow capacitor is V=IZ
discharging. here Z is the impedance of lower branch
So Q is decreasing & I is increasing. V = I R 2 + (X L − X C )2
T 3T R = Resistance of lower branch

7. Current is max at time t = , .....
4 4 V = 1.4 × 4 
V = 5.6 volt
T 1 2π LC π
t= = = = LC OR
4 f×4 4 2
1 1 At resonance
8.
= f =
2π LC 2π 10 × 10 × 0.25 × 10−6
−3
Vapplied = Vresistance
1 20
= Hz VR = volt
π × 10−4 2
Z = R = 10Ω
c
Now λ=
f 20 2
∴I= = = 1.41
2 × 10 2
λ =3 × 10 × π × 10 = 9.42 × 10 m
8 –4 4
or
V = IRcoil = 1.41 × 4 = 5.6 volt
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13. Tank circuit π
15. VL leads I by angle
C 2
VL = imωLsin(ωt + π / 2)
L VL =ω
im Lcos ωt
 VC = IXC 18. I = Qωsinωt
1 Imax = Qω
–3
VC= 2 × 10
2π ×10 × 2 × 10 –6
3
1.5 × 10−6 × 60
Imax = = 0.6A
Solve it VC 0.16 V 15 × 10−3 × 1.5 × 10−6
π
14. VC lags I by angle
2
im
=
∆VC sin(ωt − π / 2)
ωC
i
∆VC =
− m cos ωt
ωC
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3. Ψ(x, t) = 10 sinπ(3 × 10 x – 9 × 10 t)
3 6 14
2π 2π
4. λ= ;λ= = 666 nm
Ψ(x, t) = 10 sin(3π × 10 x – 9π × 10 t)
3 6 14 k π × 10−2
ω 9π × 1014 8
speed v = = = 3 × 10 m/s
k 3π × 106

N 1 1 3 × 108
1. cos[(2π × 10 t) – π × 10 x]
6 –2
Ey = 2.5 14. v = = =
C µ∈ µ r ∈r µ0 ∈0 1.44
direction + X-axis
30 8 –1
= × 108 = 2.5 × 10 ms
2π 2π 12
wavelength λ = = = 200 m
k π × 10−2
E 20
15. I= ⇒ E = IAt = × 20 × 10−4 × 60
ω 2π × 106 At 10−4
f= = = 106 Hz
2π 2π 3
= 24 × 10 J
4. dirction of propagation + Z-axis 16. In EMW, electric field and magnetic field have
   
v → E × B ; v → kˆ same energy density and same intensities.
 
So that E → î ; B → ˆj 17. Gamma rays have shortest wavelength among all
 options.
6.
8
E = 40 cos (kz – 6 × 10 t) î
2π 2π –3
w w 6 × 108 18. λ= = = 2 × 10 m
c= ; k= = 8
= 2m–1 K π × 103
k c 3 × 10
19. q = CV
10. To generate electromagnetic waves we need
accelerating charge particle. dq dv
=C
dt dt
ε0 220 2 Id = C(V0 ω cosωt) = V0ωC cosωt
11. (i d )max= (i c )max= i 0= = =2.2A
Z 1002 + 1002  
 î [as vˆ = î]
20. v is parallel to E × B, vˆ =
As we are asked amplitude of displacement     
Option (1) E × B = 0 (E  B)
current. So, need not worry about charge on
  
capacitor. Option (2) E × B = 2iˆ (parallel to v )
  
12. E0 = CB0 Option (3) E × B = 0 (E B)
E0     
E rms = ⇒ E rms 2 = CB0 Option (4) E × B = 0 (E  B)
2
21. n= ∈r u r
E rms 2 6× 2 –8
⇒
= B0 = 8
= 2.83 × 10 T
C 3 × 10 c c
n= ⇒ ν=
ν n
13. ˆ= E
V ˆ ×B
ˆ, î = ˆj × kˆ
 c 
ν = 
∴ B̂ = kˆ , +z direction  ∈ µ 
 r r 
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22. (a) Radio wave (ii) ≈ 10 m (ii)
2
24.
–2
(b) Microwave ≈ (iii) 10 m (iii) R → Radio λ↓
–4 m → Micro
(c) Infrared radiations ≈ (iv)10 m (iv)
–10 I → Infrared
(d) X- ray (i) ≈ Å = 10 m (i)
V → Visible
(a) – (ii), (b) – (iii), (c) – (iv), (d) – (i)
U → UV ray
23. Wave is propagating along –z direction
 X → X-ray
E = 3jˆ v / m
G → γ-ray
E 3
 B0 = 0 =
C 3 × 108 λm > λI > λX > λγ
25. B = 3 × 10–8 cos (1.6 × 103 x + 48 × 1010 t)
= 10 × 10–9 î T = 10 î nT
ω 48 × 1010
C= = 3
= 3 × 108 m / s
k 1.6 × 10
C = E0 / B0
E = 3 × 10–8 × 3 × 108 = 9 N/C
∴ E = 9 cos (1.6 × 103x + 48 × 1010 t)
B0 1
26. = = µ0 ε0
E0 c

11.
11
c c 3 × 108 Distance from earth = 1.5 × 10
2. f= ; λ= = = 7.5 m
λ f 40 × 106 U 3.9 × 1026
I= =
E E 750 A × t 4π × 1.5 × 1.5 × 1022
4. V = 0 ; B0 = 0 = = 2.5 µT 3 2
B0 v 3 × 108 = 1.38 × 10 w/m
in z direction
102

P (1) (2) d θ θ I 45° 90° 90° P r (1) (2) : Physics: Hints and Solutions

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Physics : Hints and Solutions ®

 MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 7. Magnetic field due to wire (1) :-

P (1) BR = (2B)2 + (2B)2

I (1) (3) (4)

(a) v → same m 1:2:2

20. Electric force exerts on proton towards east (in

60° µ0 × 25 × 15 × (10 × 10−2 )

Mnet = M12 + M22 + 2M1M2 Cos θ (a) Parallel to its length :-

8 10 10. Torque τ = MBsinθ

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) BUILD UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

where F3 > F1 and (F3 – F1) ⊥ F2

1.6 × 10−19 × 105 × 2 × 10−7 × 5

When, x >> a 10cm

µ0 Ia2 µ0 Ia2 FM µ0 i1i2

 Magnetic monopoles do not exist.

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

µ r = 1.003 (–) ve ions

BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 4. Magnetic flux :−

3. (θ=180°) H D (θ=0°) (vii)(a) Anticlockwise

(b) Anti clockwise in bigger loop & clockwise

(d) Anticlockwise in both loop & through

means it doesn't depend on resistance

(ii) Magnetic field will be upward perpendicular to 8.

(iii) Magnetic field will be downward perpendicular to

(vi) X → N pole Y → S pole

B2 2 v 0.15 × 0.15 × 0.5 × 0.5 × 2

= 3.75 × 10–3 N Intentaneous induced emf in square metal loop

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) BUILD UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

1. M=K L1L 2 VS I S VS (6)

π emf in the frame = B1V – B2V

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

di L1L2 = 2.4 × 10 ⇒ L1L2 = 24

BEGINNER'S BOX - 1 BEGINNER'S BOX - 2

V = 28 sin (628t – 30°) Z∝f

11. = i(XL – XC) = 2.5 × 10 = 25 V

V0 2(240) V0ωC cosωt

100 100 1 100 = 200 cosωt

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) BUILD UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1 (graph rectangular hyperbola)

∴ If XL and XC are interchanged then there is no

L 5L For negligible power factor ⇒ R Low

VL and VC are changed by same amount

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

Average power (Pav) = Vrms Irms cosφ π π

R and C should be small and L should be high. 27. I0 = 10 2 A

XL = ωL = (314) (20 × 10–3) = 6.280

R = 50Ω = (40)2 + (40 − 10)2

22. Changing polarity is termed as AC. 1 1

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

and XL = ωL So angular frequency = 2ω

discharging. here Z is the impedance of lower branch

So Q is decreasing & I is increasing. V = I R 2 + (X L − X C )2

T 3T R = Resistance of lower branch

 VC = IXC 18. I = Qωsinωt

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) BUILD UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING