GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, KARAD.

MICROPROJECT REPORT ON:

“AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE SYSTEM”
UNDER THE SUBJECT:
“EMERGING TRENDS IN MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING.”
(22652)
Semester VI of Mechanical Engineering
(I-Scheme)
Academic Year 2022-2023

Submitted By:
2702 and 2709.

Under the Guidance of:

Mr. D.M. Patil Sir

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, KARAD.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to thank all those who have directly
and indirectly inspired, directed and assisted us towards
successfully completion of the project report.
I express our sincere Thanks to Principal, Dr. R.K.Patil Sir
and Head of Department, Dr. D.S.Chavan Sir for having us
allowed to submit this report as part of our academic learning.
I express our sincere Thanks to, Mr. D.M. Patil Sir, lecturer in
Mechanical Engineering for EMERGING TRENDS IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING subject at Govt.Polytechnic
Karad for encouraging throughout the project report.
I also express my sense of gratitude towards my friends and
parents for their constant moral support during project works.

Place:- GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KARAD.

Date:- / /2023
YOUR’S SINCERELY,
2702 and 2709

(Mr. D.M. Patil) (Dr. D.S.Chavan)

Project Guide Head of Department
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, the micro project Report

entitled study of “AUTOMATED GUIDED
VEHICLE SYSTEM” being submitted by 2702 and
2709 is a record of bonafide work carried out under
the supervision and guidance of Mr. D.M. Patil Sir
in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for
diploma in Mechanical Engineering course under
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
Mumbai in the academic year 2023-2024.

Date:11-04-2023
Place: Karad

(Project Guide): Head of Department:

Mr. D.M. Patil Dr. D.S.Chavan
 Title of the Micro-project:
AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE SYSTEM

• Aim of the Micro-project:

1. To study about Automated Guided Vehicle
System.
2. To study the actual working and types of AGVS.

• Course Outcome:
1. Identify different New Systems available in
Automobile.

• Objectives:-
The responsibility of the AGV is to transport the
parcels transported by different conveyors
(shipment ports) to the corresponding delivery
point according to the information of the express
waybill in the sorting area.
• Rationale:
Over the coming years, technological developments
such as Robotics, IOT, Artificial Intelligence, smart
controls are likely to have a significant impact on the
world of work and employment as well as to trigger far
reaching changes. Looking towards the era in
Technology advancement,
Mechanical/Automobile/Production engineering offers
addition of new Dynamic subjects and new versions of
core subjects. Diploma
Mechanical/Automobile/Production engineers should
be familiar with new technologies from the fields of
Automobile engineering, Energy Management,
Advanced Manufacturing Processes, Agriculture and
Farm Machines and many more. This Dynamic course
will give insight to the recent practices adopted by the
Mechanical Industries and awareness of these
techniques will enhance career opportunities of
Diploma Mechanical/Automobile/Production
Engineers.
• Proposed Methodology:
1. We will decide the topic of the micro-project.
2. We will prepare the proposal.
3. We will submit the proposal to the faculty.
4. We will collect the information from various
resources related to our micro-project.
5. We will collect the points related to our micro-
project.
6. We will take the guidance of our subject teacher.
7. We will make the report of our micro-project.
8. We will submit the report to the faculty.

• Resources Used:
Sr.no Name of component Resources used
for

1 Laptop Proposal and

Report Typing
2 YouTube Information

3 Google / Chrome Information

 • Literature review:-

Author Name Book name Point Studied

Gunther Ullrich Automated History of
Guided Vehicle AGVS. Page-1
System- Modern Areas
A primer with Of Application
Practical Page-15
application.
 ▪ INTRODUCTION

A machine is a human made device that

uses power to apply forces and control movement
to perform an action, also it reduces human efforts.
Thus, automated guided vehicles does the whole
work by itself after some sort of programming.
Automated guided vehicle systems are used mostly
in production sectors for the flexible material
handling.
The first AGV was brought to market in the 1950s,
by Barrett Electronics of Northbrook in Chicago,
Illinois to deliver mails throughout its offices and at
the time it was simply a tow truck that followed a
wire in the floor instead of a rail. Automated guided
vehicles are battery (lithium ion) powered which
can be recharged.
Today, the AGV plays an important role in the
design of new factories and warehouses, safely
moving goods to their rightful destination.
 • Working Principle:
Automated guided vehicles also known as self-
guided vehicles or driverless robot which are PLC
or PC controlled vehicles that follow predetermined
paths depending on different AGV navigation
technologies like magnetic guidance, laser guided
vehicles, etc.
AGV’s works on the basic principle that, it moves
by tracking the magnetic strips placed in its way and
are sometimes controlled using radio frequency.
• Components of Automated Guided Vehicle
System:-

1. AGV car body:

The car body is composed of a frame and
corresponding mechanical devices. It is the basic
part of the auto-guided vehicle and the
installation basis for other assembly components.
2. AGV trolley battery and charging device:
AGV trolleys often use 24V or 48V DC batteries
as power. The battery power supply should
generally ensure the need for continuous
operation of more than 8 hours.

3. Drive device:
The drive device of the intelligent guided
vehicle consists of wheels, reducers, brakes,
drive motors and speed controllers, and is a
device that controls the normal operation of the
robot AGV. Its running instructions are issued
by computer or manual controller, and the
adjustment of running speed, direction and
braking is controlled by computer respectively.
For safety, the braking device can be
mechanically braked in the event of a power
failure.
4. Guidance device:
It accepts the direction information of the
guidance system and realizes the steering action
through the steering device.
5. AGV onboard controller:
Accepts the instructions of the control center
and executes the corresponding instructions,
and at the same time feeds back its own status
(such as position, speed, etc.) to the control
center in time.
6. Communication device: Realize
information exchange between AGV and
ground control station and ground monitoring
equipment.
7. AGV safety protection device:
The safety system includes the protection of the
automatic guided vehicle itself, the protection of
people or other equipment, etc.

8. Multiple safety protection:

Active safety protection device and passive
safety protection device.
9. Transfer device:
A device that directly contacts with the goods to
be carried and realizes the transfer of goods.
10. Information transmission and processing
device:
The main function is to monitor the AGV,
monitor the ground state where the AGV is
located, and transmit information in real-time
with the ground control station.

• Types of AGVS:-
1. Automated carts:-
Automated carts are the most common AGVS
ever seen. It is a cheapest type of AGV because
these vehicles use to perform magnetic or
optical line navigation. They are mainly used
in Hospitals, Warehouses and also in
Industries.
2. Unit load AGV:-
These are used to load and unload the
material by itself by means of Powered rollers,
moving belts and mechanized lift platforms. It
is designed to carry partially completed sub-
assembly through a sequence of assembly
workstations to build the product.

3. Tugger AGV:-
These work like a train. Tugger AGVs pull
more than the average warehouse forklift and
save time by completing tasks faster, more
efficiently and without operator issues. It has the
capability of moving large amounts of products
within a manufacturing facility or distribution
warehouse in a single pass. It is a great solution
for repetitive tasks, traveling long distances or
in hazardous areas.
4. Automated Forklift AGV:-
These are the smartest AGVs. It is a Self-
Driving computer or PC controlled forklift
designed to provide both horizontal and vertical
movement of the load. They can also be
configured to stack loads in racks.
• Advantages of AGVS:-
1. Reducing Labor Costs:
AGV at the best automated guided vehicle price
reduces the labor cost in your operation in many
ways.
2. Increasing Safety:
The AGV is programmed with safety concerns, so
the AGV is filled with cameras, lasers, and other
sensors that enable it to operate safely around
people and buildings.
3. Improving Accuracy and Productivity:
By replacing labor factors with AGV, you can
eliminate some of the inaccurate workflows that
may occur, ultimately reducing waste and
increasing output, making your operations more
efficient and accurate.
4. Modularity:
As your operations expand, it is easy to add
additional AGVs as necessary (this is sometimes
called a “modular system element”). This allows
you to avoid an incredibly high initial investment
because instead of purchasing 20 or 30 AGVs at
once, you are able to start with one or two and
transition slowly
• Disadvantages of AGVS:-
1. High Initial Investment:
AGVs increase the bottom line for an operation
by reducing labor costs and by increasing
productivity, but its initial investment can be
burdensome on small operations that may not
have ready access to capital.
2. Maintenance Cost:
As with any equipment, AGVs will need to
undergo routine maintenance and occasional
repair. Thus the potential for an occasional
ongoing expense should be taken into account.
3. Not Suitable for Non-repetitive Tasks:
AGVs make the most sense in operations that
deal with the repetitive tasks since that is what
they are programmed to do. But if the tasks in the
operations tend not to be repetitive, then the
AGVs are not suitable.
• Application of AGVS:-
1. Automated guided vehicle systems are widely used
to handle the material flexibly.
2. Automated guided vehicle systems are used for
transfer of goods from one place to another.
3. Mostly the Automated guided vehicle systems are
demanded in the production plants like :

i. Food Industry
ii. E-commerce
iii. Supply Chain Management
iv. Automobile industry
v. Hospitals.

4. Now-A-Days AGVS are brought in moping the

floors also.

• Conclusion:-
Hence, it is concluded that AGVS plays a major
role in Engineering Industries to mass
production factory with large area to improve
the material handling technique to faster rate,
increased efficiency and minimize the
transportation costs and time.