De Thi HSG12 2020 3
De Thi HSG12 2020 3
De Thi HSG12 2020 3
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Postsecondary institutions and private school are corporations under U.S. law. They are approved to operate as
non-profit, for-profit, or public corporations (1)______ education and training. Increasingly, state authorities
are requiring approved educational providers to apply (2) ______and receive accreditation as a condition of
final and continued approval.
As corporate entities, U. S. institutions are internally self-governing and are (3) ______to make property,
facilities, equipment, and utilities transactions; make their own personnel decisions; decide whom to admit to
study and to graduate; (4) ______their own funds from outside sources; enter into contracts and compete for
grants; and do most of the things that corporations do. Institutions compete (5) ______ one another for students,
research funding, faculty, and other benefits. Public institutions may compete within the same state or territory
for budget appropriations. It is the corporate nature of institutions and the competition within the system that (6)
______Americans to refer to the concept of the educational or academic marketplace- an important distinctive
element of the way U.S education is organized.
Some institutions are governed (7) under multi- campus arrangements. These include most local
public schools (governed by school districts) and many state community college and university systems.
Whether single- or multi- campus, institutional corporations (8) by board of citizens, both alumni and
non-alumni, who are ultimately responsible for all operations. They appoint senior (9) , such as
principals, headmasters, presidents, and deans; and approve the actions taken (10) their name.
1. A. provided B. provision C. provide D. providing
2. A. to B. with C. for D. on
3. A. capable B. probable C. possible D. able
4. A. call B. rise C. lend D. raise
5. A. at B. for C. to D. with
6. A makes B. prevents C. lets D. causes
7. A. collection B. collect C. collectively D. collective
8. A being controlled B. controlled C. are controlling D. are controlled
9. A. leaders B. trainees C. judges D. assistants
10. A. above B. on C. in D.at
Your answer
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2: Read the text below and choose one best answer (A, B, C or D) to each question. (2pts)
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We live in a world of tired, sleep deprived people. In his book Counting Sheep, Paul Martin – a behavioural
biologist – describes a society which is just too busy to sleep and which does not give sleeping the importance it
deserves.
Modern society has invented reasons not to sleep. We are now a 24/7 society where shops and services must
be available all hours. We spend longer hours at work than we used to, and more time getting to work. Mobile
phones and email allow us to stay in touch round the clock and late-night TV and the Internet tempt us away
from our beds. When we need more time for work or pleasure, the easy solution is to sleep less. The average adult
sleeps only 6.2 hours a night during the week, whereas research shows that most people need eight or even eight
and a half hours’ sleep to feel at their best. Nowadays, many people have got used to sleeping less than they need
and they live in an almost permanent state of ‘sleep debt’.
Until the invention of the electric light in 1879 our daily cycle of sleep used to depend on the hours of
daylight. People would get up with the sun and go to bed at nightfall. But nowadays our hours of sleep are mainly
determined by our working hours (or our social life) and most people are woken up artificially by an alarm clock.
During the day caffeine, the world’s most popular drug, helps to keep us awake. 75% of the world’s population
habitually consume caffeine, which up to a point masks the symptoms of sleep deprivation.
What does a chronic lack of sleep do to us? As well as making us irritable and unhappy as humans, it also
reduces our motivation and ability to work. This has serious implications for society in general. Doctors, for
example, are often chronically sleep deprived, especially when they are on ‘night call’, and may get less than three
hours’ sleep. Lack of sleep can seriously impair their mood, judgment, and ability to take decisions. Tired
engineers, in the early hours of the morning, made a series of mistakes with catastrophic results. On our roads
and motorways lack of sleep kills thousands of people every year. Tests show that a tired driver can be just as
dangerous as a drunken driver. However, driving when drunk is against the law but driving when exhausted isn’t.
As Paul Martin says, it is very ironic that we admire people who function on very little sleep instead of criticizing
them for being irresponsible. Our world would be a much safer, happier place if everyone, whatever their job,
slept eight hours a night.
New English File Upper-intermediate by Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig, OUP
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about Paul Martin?
A. He shows his concern for sleep deprivation in modern society.
B. He gives an interesting account of a sleepless society.
C. He is a scientist who is chronically deprived of sleep.
D. He describes the modern world as a place without insomnia.
2. The phrase “round the clock” in the second paragraph is similar in meaning to______.
A. all day and night B. surrounded with clocks
C. during the daytime D. having a round clock
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3. The writer mentions the Internet in the passage as______.
A. a temptation that prevents us from sleeping B. an easy solution to sleep deprivation
C. an ineffective means of communication D. a factor that is not related to sleep deprivation
4. According to the third paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Our social life has no influence on our hours of sleep.
B. The sun obviously determined our daily routines.
C. The electric light was invented in the 19th century.
D. The electric light has changed our daily cycle of sleep.
5. The word “which” in the third paragraph refers to______.
A. reaching a point B. masking the symptoms C. the world’s population D. caffeine consumption
6. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the last paragraph?
A. Doctors ‘on night call’ do not need more than three hours of sleep a day.
B. Our motivation decreases with the bigger number of hours we sleep.
C. Sleep deprivation has negative effects on both individuals and society.
D. Thousands of people are killed every day by drunken drivers.
7. The word “catastrophic” in the last paragraph probably means______.
A. bound to bring satisfaction B. becoming more noticeable
C. causing serious damage or loss D. likely to become worthless
8. Which of the following would the writer of the passage approve of?
A. Our world would be a much safer place without drinkers.
B. Both drunken drivers and sleep-deprived people should be criticized.
C. There is no point in criticizing irresponsible people in our society.
D. We certainly can function well even when we hardly sleep.
9. All of the following are mentioned as those whose performance is affected by ‘sleep debt’ EXCEPT_____.
A. doctors B. drivers C. biologists D. engineers
10. Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage?
A. Accident Prevention: Urgent! B. Sleep Deprivation: Causes and Effects
C. A Society of Sleepless People D. A Well-known Biologist
Your answer
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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1. UFO means ………………... Flying Object. (IDENTIFY)
2. “This is not a good essay”, said the lecturer, “I find your arguments ………………..”. (CONVINCE)
3. She is quite an ……………….. (EYE)
4. The ……………….. staff consists of ten experienced journalists. (EDIT)
5. He had been ……………….. delayed at the office and was now in a hurry to keep his appointment with the
dentist. (EXPECT)
6. Unless something is done about unemployment, the …….. for the future is not good. (LOOK)
7. My ankle is really ………………. and I can’t walk easily. (SWELL)
8. The government’s ………………. approach has brought criticism.(COMPROMISE)
9. Jim is one of the most………………. members of the committee. (SPEAK)
10. Jackie suffered as a child from a very strict ………………. (BRING)
Your answer
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
Your answer
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
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