ANH NGỮ ATHENA

IELTS COURSE
TỪ MẤT GỐC ĐẠT 6.5-8.0
HANDOUT BUỔI 12 – GĐ2
MS VÂN ANH ATHENA
A – TRÊN LỚP: WRITING
1. The pie charts below show the most common advantages and disadvantages of Bowen Island, according
to a survey of visitors.

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2. The charts below show the reasons why people travel to work by bicycle or by car.

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3. The pie charts below show the most common factors that make people want to get married.

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B – BÀI TẬP VỀ NHÀ
I – BTVN NGHE
Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Forms of media Example
Print • books
• (21)
Pictures ……………………….
• (22)
………………………..
Audio (listening) • CDs
• (23)
…………………………
Audio-visual • film
• (24)
………………………
• videos
Electronic • (25)
………………………
Fill the words:
LYNNE: That ……………….. we have to write ... the one on how children learn through the ………………. how
are you planning to write it?
ROBIN: Well, I've given it some thought and I think that the best way to …………….. it is to divide the essay into
two parts. First of all, we'd have to look at some ………….. of each type of media
LYNNE: Yes, what they are ... then we could ………….. how we can use each …………… so that children can
learn something from each one.
ROBIN: Exactly. Maybe we could …………… a table and look at examples of each medium in turn. Let's see, the
different forms of media would be... …………. ...
LYNNE: Here you'd have things like books and newspapers, that sort of thing ...
ROBIN: Urn, and included in these are the …………….. forms of print media, like maps ...
LYNNE: Yes, maps are really just ……………. pictures, aren't they? And then there are what we call the audio
forms of media ... where children can listen. CDs and radios are probably the best examples, because a lot of
children have ……………. to these especially ……………...
ROBIN: And this would ……………. the ………………, which can be seen as well as heard ... film, television . . .
and we mustn't forget videos.
LYNNE: Yes, but there's a final …………….. as well . . . computers, that ………… the so- called ………….. In the
United Kingdom and Australia, they say that one in three families has a computer now.

II – READING
Are You a Machine of Many Parts?
1 What will future historians remember about the impact of science during the last de-cade of the 20th
century? They will not be much concerned with many of the marvels that currently preoccupy us, such as the
miraculous increase in the power of home computers and the unexpected growth of the Internet. Nor will they
dwell much on global warming, the loss of biodiversity and other examples of our penchant for destruction.
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Instead, the end of the 20th century will be recognized as the time when, for better or worse, science began to
bring about a fundamental shift in our perception of ourselves.
2 It will be the third time that science has forced us to re-evaluate who we are. The first time, of course,
was the revolution that began with Copernicus in 1543 and continued with Kepler, Galileo and Newton. Despite
the Church's opposition, we came to realize that the Earth does not lie at the centre of the universe. Instead, we
gradually found we live on a small planet on the edge of a minor galaxy, circling one star in a universe that
contains billions of others. Our unique position in the universe was gone forever.
3 A few centuries later, we were moved even further from stage centre. The Darwinian revolution
removed us from our position as a unique creation of God. Instead, we discovered we were just another part of
the animal kingdom proud to have "a miserable ape for a grand-father", as Thomas Huxley put it in 1860. We
know now just how close to the apes we are over 90% of our genes are the same as those of the chimpanzee.
4 Increasing knowledge of our own genetics is one of the driving forces in the third great conceptual shift
that will soon take place. Others are the growing knowledge of the way our minds work, our new ability to use
knowledge of the nervous system to design drugs that affect specific states of mind and the creation of
sophisticated scanners which enable us to see what is happening inside our brains. In the third revolution, we
are taking our own selves to pieces and finding the parts which make up the machine that is us.
5 Much of the new knowledge from genetics, molecular biology and the neuro-sciences esoteric. But its
cultural impact is already running ahead of science. People begin to see themselves not as wholes with a moral
centre but the result of the combined action of parts T which they have little responsibility.
6 It's Nobody's Fault is the title of a popular American book on "difficult" children. Many different
children, the book explains, are not actually difficult but are suffering from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD).
There is nothing wrong with them or the way they have been brought up. Rather, the part of the brain which
controls attention is short of a particular neuro-transmitter.
7. ADD is currently the world's fastest growing psychological problem. In the United sates, a survey
showed that 1.5m children between the ages of five and eighteen were be-treated with a drug, Ritalin, for the
disorder. Since then the number taking the drug is Dtlieved to have doubled.
8. You might, as many people do, question the way in which the disorder has been diag-nosed on such a
staggering scale. But that is not the point. The cultural shift is that people Ire not responsible for their disorders,
only for obtaining treatment for the parts of them that have gone wrong.
9 The more we know about the parts of ourselves, the more cures for our defects will 1ppear. Prozac is
one example. The best-selling Listening to Prozac claimed the drug "can transform pessimists into optimists,
turn loners into extroverts". And Prozac, the book explained, "was not so much discovered as planfully created,
through the efforts of a large pharmaceutical firm ... the likely result of this form of research is not medicines
that correct _articular illnesses but medicines that affect clusters of functions in the human brain."
10 Even when a treatment is not to hand, the notion that we are made of "clusters of Factions" remains
strong. Genetic analysis supports this view. A gene linked to alcoholism as been located and a Gallup poll has
revealed that the great majority of Americans consider alcoholism to be a disease. There are claims of genes too
for obesity, homosexuality and even for laziness.
1. What is the most important scientific progress in the 20th century?
A. The development of computer technology.
B. The birth and growth of the Internet.
C. Mankind's ability to control global warming.
D. People's new knowledge of themselves.
2. What did Copernicus discover?
A. The Earth does not lie at the centre of the universe.
B. The Church was wrong about the history of mankind.
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C. Human beings live on a small planet.
D. Mankind have a unique position in the universe.
3. What did Darwin discover?
A. Human beings were a unique creation of God.
B. Human beings and apes shared a common ancestor.
C. Human beings were lucky while apes were miserable.
D. Human beings and chimpanzees were nearly identical.
4. Which of the following is NOT "one of the driving forces in the third great concep-tual shift"?
(Paragraph 4)
A. Knowledge of our own genetics.
B. Knowledge of the way our minds work.
C. Knowledge of how to use sophisticated scanners.
D. Knowledge of how to design drugs that affect specific states of mind.
5. Which of the following is likely to be the main idea of the book It's Nobody's Fault?
A. Many children are suffering from ADD.
B. ADD is the problem for the problematic children.
C. Some people's brains do not have neurotransmitters.
D. The way people are brought up determines their behaviour.
6. How many people are taking Ritalin in the US?
A. Less than 1.5 million people.
B. 1.5 million of the people aged 5-18.
C. .3 million of the people aged 5-18.
D. More than 3 million teenagers.
7. Which of the following reflects the cultural shift?
A. More people are diagnosed to be suffering from mental disorders.
B. People are not responsible for the problems they have.
C. More people are seeking mental treatment.
D. People begin to question the accuracy of doctors' diagnoses.
8. What is Prozac?
A. A book.
B. A medicine.
C. A type of people.
D. A mental disorder.
9. Genetic analysis seems to have confirmed that there is a gene in our body that is responsible for
A. alcoholism.
B. obesity.
C. homosexuality.
D. laziness.
10. Which of the following does the drug Viagra illustrate?
A. "Some claims about genes may be silly." (Paragraph 11)
B. We have a "new way of thinking about ourselves". (Paragraph 11)
C. A physical disorder "might have a variety of physiological causes". (Paragraph 11)
D. "People ... are ... obtaining treatment for the parts of them that have gone wrong." (Paragraph 8)

III – LUYỆN ÂM

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What will future historians remember about the impact of science during the last de-cade of the 20th
century?
wɑt wɪl ˈfjuʧər hɪˈstɔriənz rɪˈmɛmbər əˈbaʊt ði ˈɪmpækt ʌv ˈsaɪəns ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst di-keɪd ʌv ði 20ˈtiˈeɪʧ ˈsɛnʧəri?
They will not be much concerned with many of the marvels that currently preoccupy us, such as the
miraculous increase in the power of home computers and the unexpected growth of the Internet.
ðeɪ wɪl nɑt bi mʌʧ kənˈsɜrnd wɪð ˈmɛni ʌv ðə ˈmɑrvəlz ðæt ˈkɜrəntli priˈɑkjəˌpaɪ ʌs, sʌʧ æz ðə məˈrækjələs
ˈɪnˌkris ɪn ðə ˈpaʊər ʌv hoʊm kəmˈpjutərz ænd ði ˌʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd ɡroʊθ ʌv ði ˈɪntərˌnɛt.
Nor will they dwell much on global warming, the loss of biodiversity and other examples of our
penchant for destruction. Instead, the end of the 20th century will be recognized as the time when, for
better or worse, science began to bring about a fundamental shift in our perception of ourselves.
nɔr wɪl ðeɪ dwɛl mʌʧ ɑn ˈɡloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ, ðə lɔs ʌv ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜrsəti ænd ˈʌðər ɪɡˈzæmpəlz ʌv ˈaʊər ˈpɛnʧənt fɔr
dɪˈstrʌkʃən. ɪnˈstɛd, ði ɛnd ʌv ði 20ˈtiˈeɪʧ ˈsɛnʧəri wɪl bi ˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪzd æz ðə taɪm wɛn, fɔr ˈbɛtər ɔr wɜrs, ˈsaɪəns
bɪˈɡæn tu brɪŋ əˈbaʊt ə ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəl ʃɪft ɪn ˈaʊər pərˈsɛpʃən ʌv aʊərˈsɛlvz.
It will be the third time that science has forced us to re-evaluate who we are.
ɪt wɪl bi ðə θɜrd taɪm ðæt ˈsaɪəns hæz fɔrst ʌs tu reɪ-ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt hu wi ɑr.
The first time, of course, was the revolution that began with Copernicus in 1543 and continued with
Kepler, Galileo and Newton. Despite the Church's opposition, we came to realize that the Earth does not
lie at the centre of the universe.
ðə fɜrst taɪm, ʌv kɔrs, wʌz ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ðæt bɪˈɡæn wɪð kəˈpɜrnəkəs ɪn 1543 ænd kənˈtɪnjud wɪð ˈkɛplər,
ˌɡæləˈlioʊ ænd ˈnutən. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈʧɜrʧəz ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, wi keɪm tu ˈriəˌlaɪz ðæt ði ɜrθ dʌz nɑt laɪ æt ðə ˈsɛntər ʌv ðə
ˈjunəˌvɜrs.
Instead, we gradually found we live on a small planet on the edge of a minor galaxy, circling one star in a
universe that contains billions of others. Our unique position in the universe was gone forever.
ɪnˈstɛd, wi ˈɡræʤuəli faʊnd wi lɪv ɑn ə smɔl ˈplænət ɑn ði ɛʤ ʌv ə ˈmaɪnər ˈɡæləksi, ˈsɜrkəlɪŋ wʌn stɑr ɪn ə
ˈjunəˌvɜrs ðæt kənˈteɪnz ˈbɪljənz ʌv ˈʌðərz. ˈaʊər juˈnik pəˈzɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌvɜrs wʌz ɡɔn fəˈrɛvər.
A few centuries later, we were moved even further from stage centre.
ə fju ˈsɛnʧəriz ˈleɪtər, wi wɜr muvd ˈivɪn ˈfɜrðər frʌm steɪʤ ˈsɛntər.
The Darwinian revolution removed us from our position as a unique creation of God.
ðə ˌdɑrˈwɪniən ˌrɛvəˈluʃən riˈmuvd ʌs frʌm ˈaʊər pəˈzɪʃən æz ə juˈnik kriˈeɪʃən ʌv ɡɑd.
Instead, we discovered we were just another part of the animal kingdom proud to have "a miserable ape
for a grand-father", as Thomas Huxley put it in 1860.
ɪnˈstɛd, wi dɪˈskʌvərd wi wɜr ʤʌst əˈnʌðər pɑrt ʌv ði ˈænəməl ˈkɪŋdəm praʊd tu hæv "ə ˈmɪzərəbəl eɪp fɔr ə
ɡrænd-ˈfɑðər", æz ˈtɑməs ˈhʌksli pʊt ɪt ɪn 1860.
We know now just how close to the apes we are over 90% of our genes are the same as those of the
chimpanzee.
wi noʊ naʊ ʤʌst haʊ kloʊs tu ði eɪps wi ɑr ˈoʊvər 90% ʌv ˈaʊər ʤinz ɑr ðə seɪm æz ðoʊz ʌv ðə ʧɪmˈpænzi.