Informe de Laboratorio Modelo 2 BIO II MPRB

UNIVERSIDAD IBEROAMERICANA UNIBE
Biology II
Laboratory Report no. 1 Nucleus and Barr bodies
Tandra Conyears 22-8024
Sardis Medrano Cabral (ID: 754431)
20.1.2023
Work Team:
Amy Cadet 23-8020
Oscar Josue Perez 23-8007
Hashley Castelly 23-8018
Abstract
All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have fundamental value. Both types of cells
are the basic unit of life and perform essential functions that are necessary for the survival of the
organism.
Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are important in many ecological processes, such as nutrient
cycling and decomposition. They also play a crucial role in medicine and biotechnology.
Eukaryotic cells, such as those found in plants and animals, are also essential for the survival of
their organisms. They carry out many of the same functions as prokaryotic cells, but have a more
complex structure and organization.
In summary, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are essential for the survival of the organisms
that they make up,
Objective
The purpose of this particular lab was to observe , define , identify, detail and decipher between
the various types of cells, as well as their particular structure and function. I saw the shapes and
sizes of these cells. There were tools readily available in our labs that gave us the opportunity as
a group to measure and then continue to look through our individual microscopes to see the
structures of the cell.
Methods & Materials used for lab:
•Various Fixed preparation
•Onion bulbs with roots
•Methylene blue
•Microscope
•Tweezers
•Slide and cover slips

•Scapel
•Paper Towels
Discussion of results
Per the class laboratory protocol we were to observe the various slides that were previously
gathered and prepared by Dra Sardis as well as assemble and prepare our own separate samples
in our own lab groups. Below I have tabulated the different tissue types we observed and its
characteristics. There were five specimens we reviewed which were the buccal oral epithelium,
onion epithelium which were stained with 1 drop of methylene blue, blood sample , neurons, the
sperm cell and the oral bacteria I didn’t not observe however , we discussed it and it’s
characteristics. Our group as a whole tabulated the measurements of each slide as well as
viewed the characteristics of each specimen collected by using the microscope on our lab table.
*buccal oral epithelium
Position: oral cavity, cell pattern was irregular and flattened, the main cavity is it secretes,
protects and absorbs , the structural adaptation function is physical and an immune barrier to
external aggression and prevents the penetration of the oral cavity’s round bacterial flora that
may cause infection
*onion epithelium
Position is the bulb of the onion , cell pattern is pentagon /hectagon … elongated … the main
activity is that it stores the flavor of the food (storage cells) full of nutrients… structural
adaptation is impermeable epithelium tissue stores nutrients for the onion , the size is 2 and ½
micro , color or stain is Methylene blue… internal ….nucleus ….a huge vaculous.
*Blood sample
Position of the blood is in the arteries, veins and capillaries ( circulatory system), shape is the
concave disc, main activity is transferring oxygen and nutrients, structural adaptation is lack of
organelles, the size is 6.15 micrometer , the color is red , the internal is empty / optimizing
material transport.
*neuron
Position is in the nervous tissue , the size is a star shaped , the main activity is transferring
electric chemical impulse, the structural adaptation is multiple extensions to contact to other
tissue and neurons , the size is 100 micrometer
*Speem
Position is in the testicles , the shape is teardrop w/ a long tail , the main activity is genetics and
DNA , the structural adaptation is certain proteins on the tail …mitochondria in the neck, the size
is 3.40 micrometer, the color /stain silver salts and the internal is genetic materials.
OnionCataphyll
Blood
Sperm
Buccal sample
Questions from the lab report:
1. Why are cells so small?
Cells are small because if they were larger, the ratio of surface area to volume would decrease,
making it more difficult for the cell to exchange materials with its environment.
2. What are the advantages of variations in cell shapes?
Different cell shapes can provide a variety of advantages depending on the organism and the
specific function of the cell…….variations in cell shape can help cells to perform different
functions more efficiently, which can be beneficial for the organism as a whole.
3. What characteristics allow cells to have a free life?
Free-living cells carry out all of the metabolic processes necessary for survival, such as obtaining
energy and building and maintaining cellular structures…reproduce in order to ensure the
continuation of their species, maintain a stable internal environment, known as homeostasis, in
order to survive.
4. How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells?
. Prokaryotes are always unicellular, while eukaryotes are often multicellular. The most notable
difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence of a nucleus. Prokaryotic
cells do not have a true nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.

5. Why is the relationship between the volume and area of a cell so important in determining the
size of a cell?
The relationship between the volume and area of a cell is important in determining the size of a
cell because it affects the cell's ability to exchange materials with its environment.
6. What can we do to prevent the objectives and stage from filling with dye?
Add 1 drop of 0.3% methylene blue dye to the sample and let it sit for 1 minute. Dry the surface
using a paper towel. Do not rub if at all possible.
Conclusion
In conclusion, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the basic unit of life and perform
essential functions such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. They also contain genetic
material and are capable of responding to their environment. Despite some structural and
functional differences, both types of cells are equally important for the survival and functioning
of organisms.
References
M. Rodríguez 2019. Manual of Biology II. UNIBE 87pp.Sardis Medrano Cabral (2023, January
16) CELL SHAPE AND SIZE [Lab Manual]. Rodríguez, M. 2023. Protocol no. 1. Cell shape
and size. Manual of Biology II. UNIBE, Dominican Republic.

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UNIVERSIDAD IBEROAMERICANA UNIBE

Laboratory Report no. 1 Nucleus and Barr bodies

Tandra Conyears 22-8024

Sardis Medrano Cabral (ID: 754431)

Amy Cadet 23-8020

Oscar Josue Perez 23-8007

Hashley Castelly 23-8018

complex structure and organization.

that they make up,

structures of the cell.

Methods & Materials used for lab:

•Various Fixed preparation

•Onion bulbs with roots

•Slide and cover slips

*buccal oral epithelium

may cause infection

tissue and neurons , the size is 100 micrometer

Questions from the lab report:

1. Why are cells so small?

2. What are the advantages of variations in cell shapes?

3. What characteristics allow cells to have a free life?

continuation of their species, maintain a stable internal environment, known as homeostasis, in

4. How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells?

cells do not have a true nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.

using a paper towel. Do not rub if at all possible.

and size. Manual of Biology II. UNIBE, Dominican Republic.

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