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    Formula Sheet

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Gamio
    The document provides a formula sheet covering topics in complex numbers, sinewaves, impedance, reactance, resonance, units, DC circuits, capacitors, diodes and transistors. Key formulas are given for complex numbers, impedance, resonance frequency, capacitor charge and current, time constant, diode current, transistor gain, and transistor operating points.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Formula Sheet

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Gamio
    18 views3 pages
    The document provides a formula sheet covering topics in complex numbers, sinewaves, impedance, reactance, resonance, units, DC circuits, capacitors, diodes and transistors. Key formulas are given for complex numbers, impedance, resonance frequency, capacitor charge and current, time constant, diode current, transistor gain, and transistor operating points.

    Original Title

    FORMULA SHEET

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document provides a formula sheet covering topics in complex numbers, sinewaves, impedance, reactance, resonance, units, DC circuits, capacitors, diodes and transistors. Key formulas are given for complex numbers, impedance, resonance frequency, capacitor charge and current, time constant, diode current, transistor gain, and transistor operating points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views3 pages

    Formula Sheet

    Uploaded by

    Carlos Gamio
    The document provides a formula sheet covering topics in complex numbers, sinewaves, impedance, reactance, resonance, units, DC circuits, capacitors, diodes and transistors. Key formulas are given for complex numbers, impedance, resonance frequency, capacitor charge and current, time constant, diode current, transistor gain, and transistor operating points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Formula Sheet

    1. Complex Numbers

    Im(N)
    N
    b (a, b)
    |N|
    φ
    a
    Re(N)

    N = a + jb = N (cos φ + j sin φ ) = N ∠φ

    b
    φ = tan -1 N = a2 + b2
    a

    N 1 + N 2 = (a1 + a 2 ) + j (b1 + b2 )

    N1 N1
    = ∠(φ1 − φ 2 )
    N2 N2

    N 1 N 2 = N1 N 2 ∠(φ1 + φ 2 )

    2. Sinewaves

    V(t)
    T
    Vp

    V (t ) = V p cos(ω t + φ ) <=> V = Vp ∠ φ

    1
    ω = 2π f f =
    T
    Vp
    Vrms = = 0.707 V p
    2
    3. Impedance / Reactance / Resonance

    1
    XC = XL = ω L
    ωC

    1
    for series RLC combination: Z = R + j (ω L − ) = R + j( X L − X C )
    ωC

    1 1
    resonant frequency: ωo = or fo =
    LC 2π LC

    4. Units

    Quantity Symbol Unit Name Unit Symbol


    Angular Frequency ω radians per second rad/s
    Frequency f hertz Hz
    Period T seconds s
    Inductance L henrys H
    Capacitance C farads F
    Reactance XL , XC ohms Ω
    Angle φ radians, degrees rad, ( °)

    5. DC Circuits

    V2
    P = VI = I 2 R =
    R

    Series resistors: RT = R1 + R2 + ··· + RN

    1 1 1 1 R2 × R2
    Parallel resistors: = + +K+ , RT =
    RT R1 R2 RN R1 + R2
    6. Capacitors

    dV
    Q = CV I = C
    dt

    Parallel capacitors: CT = C1 + C2 + ··· + CN

    1 1 1 1 C2 × C2
    Series capacitors: = + +K+ CT =
    CT C1 C 2 CN C1 + C 2

    Step response of RC circuit: ( ) (


    VC = V 1 − e − t / RC = V 1 − e − t / τ )
    Time constant: τ = RC

    7. Diodes and Transistors

    Diode current: ( )
    I D = I o eVD / ηVT − 1

    IC IC
    β DC = = hFE α DC = IE = IC + IB IE ≈ IC
    IB IE

    β α
    α = β = VCE = VBE + VCB
    1+ β 1−α

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