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    RLC Series

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    ladlaawan702

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    RLC Series

    Uploaded by

    ladlaawan702
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    20 views5 pages

    RLC Series

    Uploaded by

    ladlaawan702

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Experiment # 3 RLC Series Circuit

    Definition:
    A circuit in which a resistor of resistance R, an inductor of inductance L and a capacitor
    of capacitance C are connected in series i.e. end to end, is called the RLC Series Circuit.
    It is also known as an acceptor circuit.
    Why is it named acceptor circuit?
    For a specific frequency, XL=XC and resonance occurs. At this stage maximum current flows
    through the circuit due to minimum impedance of circuit. Since the circuit accepts the
    maximum current for that specific frequency, it is called as acceptor circuit.

    Applications of RLC Circuits


    o RLC Circuits are used in the Televisions and radios for the tunning signals. Out of
    hundreds of frequencies, a particular frequency signal is selected as maximum current
    flows due to low impedance.
    o RLC circuits are also used in the Oscillators to produce different kinds of periodic
    waveforms.
    o RLC circuits are also used as filter circuits.

    Objectives:
    o To study the relationship between frequency and current and to draw a graph of that
    relation.
    o To determine the resonance frequency and compare it with theoretical value.
    o To examine the bandwidth B and quality factor Q

    Circuit Diagram:
    Theoretical Background:
    Resistor and phase relation:
    Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current and the component which offers
    resistance R is called resistor. In a resistive circuit, current and voltage are inphase as shown in
    figure.

    Capacitor and phase relation:


    Any two conductors separated by an insulator form a capacitor. It is used to store.
    electric energy. It has many types such as parallel plate capacitor, cylindrical capacitor and
    spherical capacitor etc. DC current does not flow through it but store, AC current can conduct
    through capacitor. Current leads the voltage by phase of 900.

    Inductive and phase relations


    A component of an electrical circuit which stores energy in the form of magnetic field is
    called inductor. The ability of an inductor to store energy is known as inductance. Current lags
    behind the voltage by phase of 900.
    Phasor diagram:

    Mathematical Derivation:

    𝑽 = 𝑽𝑹 + 𝑽 𝑳 + 𝑽𝑪

    |𝑽| = 𝑉 = √𝑉𝑅 2 + (𝑉𝐿 − 𝑉𝐶 )2

    𝐼𝑍 = √(𝐼𝑅)2 + (𝐼𝑋𝐿 − 𝐼𝑋𝐶 )2

    1 2
    𝑍 = √𝑅 2 + (𝜔𝐿 − )
    𝜔𝐶

    Resonance frequency:

    1 1
    𝑓0 = √
    2𝜋 𝐿𝐶

    Quality factor
    𝑓0
    𝑄=
    ∆𝑓
    Apparatus
    1. Audio Generator 0 – 3MHz 1
    2. Resistor 1 kΩ / 20 kΩ 1
    3. Capacitor Suitable 1
    4. Inductor 1
    5. Multimeter

    Procedure
    o Choose appropriate values for the resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C).
    o As depicted in the figure, set up the circuit.
    o Keep the voltage fixed at suitable levels throughout the entire experiment.
    o Commence the experiment with a low-frequency setting, gradually increasing it in
    appropriate increments.
    o Record the current and frequency at each step.
    o Plot a graph illustrating the relationship between frequency and current, and determine
    the resonance frequency.
    o Compare the resonance frequency obtained from the graph with the calculated value
    using the formula.
    o Calculate the quality factor (Q) of the circuit.
    o Determine both the maximum power and half power of the system.

    Observations and Calculations:

    Frequency Current Frequency Current Frequency Current Frequency Current


    (KHz) (uA) (KHz) (uA) (KHz (uA) (KHz (uA)

    1.38 2 3.156 30 6.28 54 7.8 80


    1.6 4 3.501 32 6.4 56 8.35 78
    1.738 8 4.347 34 6.58 58 8.61 76
    1.835 10 4.662 36 6.73 60 8.96 74
    1.904 12 4.88 38 6.91 62 9.18 72
    1.99 14 5.13 40 7.08 64 9.4 70
    2.07 16 5.27 42 7.2 66 9.5 68
    2.181 18 5.42 44 7.3 68 9.6 66
    2.28 20 5.61 46 7.4 70 9.8 64
    2.41 22 5.8 48 7.43 72 9.88 60
    2.54 24 5.91 50 7.5 76 10.2 58
    10.5 52 90
    10.63 50 80
    10.71 46
    70

    10.81 42 60
    10.96 40 50
    11.09 38 40
    11.2 36
    30
    11.3 32
    20
    11.4 30
    10
    11.7 26
    0
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

    Results :
    The experimental value of resonance frequency 𝑓0 is 7.8KHz

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