RADIIANTT ACADEMY

B-213, Basement, Lajpat Nagar - 1, Delhi - 110024

ALTERNATING CURRENT CASE SOURCE BASE

Class 12 - Physics

Section A
1. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Let a source of alternating e.m.f. E = E0 sin ωt be connected to a circuit containing a pure inductance L. If I is
the value of instantaneous current in the circuit, then I = I0 sin (ωt − π

2
) . The inductive reactance limits the

current in a purely inductive circuit and is given by XL = ωL.

(a) A 100 hertz a.c. is flowing in a 14 mH coil. What will be the reactance in the coil?
(b) In an inductive circuit, by what value of phase angle does alternating current lags behind e.m.f.?
(c) How much inductance should be connected to 200 V, 50 Hz a.c. supply so that a maximum current of 0.9
A flows through it?
(d) What will be the maximum value of current when the inductance of 2 H is connected to 150 volts, 50 Hz
supply?
2. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A light bulb and an open coil inductor are connected to an ac source through a key as shown in the figure. The
switch is closed and after some time, an iron rod is inserted into the interior of the inductor. The glow of the light
bulb (a) increases, (b) decreases, (c ) is unchanged, as the iron rod is inserted.

(a) A bulb and a capacitor are connected in series to an a.c. source of variable frequency. How will the
brightness of the bulb change on increasing the frequency of the a.c. source? Give reason.
(b) Define capacitor reactance. Write its SI units.
(c) A capacitor behaves like a perfect conductor for high frequency a.c. Explain, why?
(d) Why does it happen? Give your answer with reasons.
3. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Let a source of alternating e.m.f. E = E0 sin ωt be connected to a capacitor of capacitance C. If P is the
E0
instantaneous value of current in the circuit at instant t, then I =
1/ωC
sin(ωt +
π

2
) . The capacitive reactance

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 limits the amplitude of current in a purely capacitive circuit and it is given by X C =
1

ωC
.

(a) What is the unit of capacitive reactance?

(b) What will be the capacitive reactance of a 5 μ F capacitor for a frequency of 106 Hz?
(c) In a capacitive circuit, by what value of phase angle does alternating current leads the e.m.f?
(d) One microfarad capacitor is joined to a 200 V, 50 Hz alternator. What will be the rms current through the
capacitor?
4. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A transformer is essentially an a.c. device. It cannot work on d.c. It changes alternating voltages or currents. It
does not affect the frequency of a.c. It is based on the phenomenon of mutual induction. A transformer
essentially consists of two coils of insulated copper wire having a different number of turns and wound on the
same soft iron core.
The number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of an ideal transformer are 2000 and 50 respectively.
The primary coil is connected to the main supply of 120 V and secondary coil is connected to a bulb of
resistance 0.6 Ω .
(a) What will be the value of voltage across the secondary coil?
(b) Find the value of the current in the bulb.
(c) What will be the value of current in the primary coil?
(d) Calculate the power in primary coil.
5. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The power averaged over one full cycle of a.c. is known as average power. It is also known as true power.
V0 I0
Pav = Vrms Irmscos ϕ = 2
cos ϕ

Root mean square or simply rms watts refer to continuous power. A circuit containing a 80 mH inductor and a
60 μ F capacitor in series is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. The resistance of the circuit is negligible.

(a) What will be the value of the current amplitude?

(b) What will be the rms value of current?
(c) What will be the average power transferred to the inductor?
(d) What will be the average power transferred to the capacitor?
6. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In an a.c. circuit, values of voltage and current change every instant. Therefore, the power of an a.c. circuit at
any instant is the product of instantaneous voltage (E) and instantaneous current (I). The average power supplied
to a pure resistance R over a complete cycle of a.c. is P = E v Iγ . When the circuit is inductive, the average power
per cycle is Ev Iv cos ϕ

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 In an a.c. circuit, 600 mH inductor and a 50 μ F capacitor are connected in series with 10 Ω resistance. The a.c.
supply to the circuit is 230 V, 60 Hz.
(a) What will be the value of average power transferred per cycle to the resistance?
(b) What will be the value of the average power transferred per cycle to the capacitor?
(c) What will be the total power transferred per cycle by all three circuit elements?
(d) What will be the electrical energy spent in running the circuit for one hour?
7. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A transformer is an electrical device which is used for changing the a.c. voltages. It is based on the phenomenon
of mutual induction i.e. whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an e.m.f. is induced in
the neighbouring coil. For an ideal transformer, the resistances of the primary and secondary windings are
negligible.

Es Ip ns
It can be shown that Ep
=
Is
=
np
=k
where the symbols have their standard meanings.
For a step-up transformer, ns > np; Es > Ep; k > 1; ∴ Is < Ip

For a step down transformer, ns < np; Es < Ep; k < 1

The above relations are on the assumption that efficiency of transformer is 100%.
output power Es Is
Infact, efficiency η = intput power
=
Ep Ip

(a) The number of turns in the primary coil of a transformer is 20 and the number of turns in a secondary is
10. If the voltage across the primary is 220 ac V, what is the voltage across the secondary?
(b) In a transformer, the number of primary turns is four times that of the secondary turns. Its primary is
connected to an a.c. source of voltage V. What will be the current through its secondary?
(c) A transformer is used to light 100 W - 110 V lamps from 220 V mains. If the main current is 0.5 A, then
what will be the efficiency of the transformer?
(d) Which quantity remains constant in an ideal transformer?
8. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Step-down transformers are used to decrease or step-down voltages. These are used when voltages need to be
lowered for use in homes and factories. A small town with a demand of 800 kW of electric power at 220 V is
situated 15 km away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the two wireline
carrying power is 0.5 Ω per km. The town gets power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-down

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 transformer at a sub-station in the town.

(a) What will be the value of the total resistance of the wires?
(b) What will be the value of line power loss in the form of heat?
(c) How much power must the plant supply, assuming there is negligible power loss due to leakage?
(d) What will be the voltage drop in the power line?
9. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
When the frequency of ac supply is such that the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance become equal, the
impedance of the series LCR circuit is equal to the ohmic resistance in the circuit. Such a series LCR circuit is
known as resonant series LCR circuit and the frequency of the ac supply is known as resonant frequency.
Resonance phenomenon is exhibited by a circuit only if both L and C are present in the circuit. We cannot have
resonance in a RL or RC circuit.
A series LCR circuit with L = 0.12H, C = 480 nF, R = 23 Ω is connected to a 230 V variable frequency supply.

(a) Find the value of source frequency for which current amplitude is maximum.
(b) What will be the value of maximum current?
(c) Find the value of maximum power.
(d) What is the Q-factor of the given circuit?
10. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The graphs (a) and (b) represent the variation of the opposition offered by the circuit element to the flow of
alternating current with the frequency of the applied emf.

(a) Identify the circuit element corresponding to graph A

(b) Write the expression for the impedance offered by the series combination of the above two elements
connected across the AC sources.
(c) Which will be ahead in phase in this circuit, voltage or current?
(d) Identify the circuit element corresponding to graph B
Section B

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11. Read the case study carefully and answer the questions that follow: [5]
Let a source of alternating e.m.f. E = E0 sin ωt be connected to a capacitor of capacitance C. If P is the
E0
instantaneous value of current in the circuit at instant t, then I . The capacitive reactance
π
= sin(ωt + )
1/ωC 2

limits the amplitude of current in a purely capacitive circuit and it is given by X C =

1

ωC
.

Based on the information given above, answer the following questions:

i. What is the unit of capacitive reactance?
a. farad
b. ampere
c. ohm

d. ohm-1

ii. The capacitive reactance of a 5 μ F capacitor for a frequency of 106 Hz is

a. 0.032 Ω
b. 2.52 Ω
c. 1.25 Ω
d. 4.51 Ω
iii. In a capacitive circuit, resistance to the flow of current is offered by
a. resistor
b. capacitor
c. inductor
d. frequency
iv. In a capacitive circuit, by what value of phase angle does alternating current leads the e.m.f?

a. 45o

b. 90o
c. 75o

d. 60o
v. One microfarad capacitor is joined to a 200 V, 50 Hz alternator. The rms current through capacitor is

a. 6.28 × 10-2 A

b. 7.5 × 10-4 A

c. 10.52 × 10-2 A
d. 15.25 × 10-2 A
12. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: [5]
A transformer is an electrical device which is used for changing the a.c. voltages. It is based on the phenomenon
of mutual induction i.e. whenever the amount of magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an e.m.f. is induced in
the neighbouring coil. For an ideal transformer, the resistances of the primary and secondary windings are
negligible.

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 Es Ip ns
It can be shown that Ep
=
Is
=
np
=k
where the symbols have their standard meanings.
For a step-up transformer, ns > np; Es > Ep; k > 1; ∴ Is < Ip
For a step down transformer, ns < np; Es < Ep; k < 1

The above relations are on the assumption that efficiency of transformer is 100%.
output power Es Is
Infact, efficiency η = intput power
=
Ep Ip

i. Which of the following quantity remains constant in an ideal transformer?

a. Current
b. Voltage
c. Power
d. All of these
ii. The transformer is used to
a. convert ac to dc voltage
b. convert dc to ac voltage
c. obtain desired dc power
d. obtain desired ac voltage and current
iii. The number of turns in the primary coil of a transformer is 20 and the number of turns in a secondary is 10.
If the voltage across the primary is 220 ac V, what is the voltage across the secondary?
a. 100 ac V
b. 120 ac V
c. 110 ac V
d. 220 ac V
iv. In a transformer, the number of primary turns is four times that of the secondary turns. Its primary is
connected to an a.c. source of voltage V. Then
a. current through its secondary is about four times that of the current through its primary.
b. voltage across its secondary is about four times that of the voltage across its primary.
c. voltage across its secondary is about two times that of the voltage across its primary.
d. voltage across its secondary is about 1
times that of the voltage across its primary.
2√2

v. A transformer is used to light 100 W - 110 V lamps from 220 V mains. If the main current is 0.5 A, the
efficiency of the transformer is
a. 95 %
b. 99%
c. 90%
d. 96%
13. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: [5]
When the frequency of ac supply is such that the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance become equal, the
impedance of the series LCR circuit is equal to the ohmic resistance in the circuit. Such a series LCR circuit is

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RADIIANTT ACADEMY, +91-9650615500
 known as resonant series LCR circuit and the frequency of the ac supply is known as resonant frequency.
Resonance phenomenon is exhibited by a circuit only if both L and C are present in the circuit. We cannot have
resonance in a RL or RC circuit.
A series LCR circuit with L = 0.12H, C = 480 nF, R = 23 Ω is connected to a 230 V variable frequency supply.

i. Find the value of source frequency for which current amplitude is maximum.
a. 222.32 Hz
b. 550.52 Hz
c. 663.48 Hz
d. 770 Hz
ii. The value of maximum current is
a. 14.14 A
b. 22.52 A
c. 50.25 A
d. 47.41 A
iii. The value of maximum power is
a. 2200 W
b. 2299.3 W
c. 5500 W
d. 4700 W
iv. What is the Q-factor of the given circuit?
a. 25
b. 42.21
c. 35.42
d. 21.74
v. At resonance which of the following physical quantity is maximum?
a. Impedance
b. Current
c. Both Impedance and Current
d. Neither Impedance and Current
14. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: [5]
In an a.c. circuit, values of voltage and current change every instant. Therefore, power of an a.c. circuit at any
instant is the product of instantaneous voltage (E) and instantaneous current (I). The average power supplied to a
pure resistance R over a complete cycle of a.c. is P = E v Iγ . When circuit is inductive, average power per cycle
is Ev Iv cos ϕ

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 In an a.c. circuit, 600 mH inductor and a 50 μ F capacitor are connected in series with 10 Ω resistance. The a.c.
supply to the circuit is 230 V, 60 Hz.
i. The average power transferred per cycle to resistance is
a. 10.42W
b. 15.25 W
c. 17.42 W
d. 15 W
ii. The average power transferred per cycle to the capacitor is
a. zero
b. 10.42 W
c. 17.42 W
d. 15 W
iii. The average power transferred per cycle to inductor is
a. 25 W
b. 17.42 W
c. 16.52 W
d. zero
iv. The total power transferred per cycle by all the three circuit elements is
a. 17.42 W
b. 10.45 W
c. 12.45 W
d. zero
v. The electrical energy spend in running the circuit for one hour is

a. 7.5 × 105 Joule

b. 10 × 103 Joule
c. 9.4 × 103 Joule
d. 6.2 × 104 Joule
15. Read the following case study and answer the following questions: [5]
When a pure resistance R, pure inductor L and an ideal capacitor of capacitance C is connected in series to a
source of alternating e.m.f., then current at any instant through the three elements has the same amplitude and is
represented as I = I0 sin ωt. However, voltage across each element has a different phase relationship with the

current as shown in graph.

The effective resistance of RLC circuit is called impedance (Z) of the circuit and the voltage leads the current by
a phase angle ϕ .

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 A resistor of 12 Ω , a capacitor of reactance 14 Ω and a pure inductor of inductance 0.1 H are joined in series and
placed across 200 V, 50 Hz a.c. supply.
Based on the information given above, answer the following questions:
i. The value of inductive reactance is
a. 15 Ω
b. 31.4 Ω
c. 20 Ω
d. 30 Ω
ii. The value of impedance is
a. 20 Ω
b. 15 Ω
c. 30 Ω
d. 21.13 Ω
iii. What is the value of current in the circuit?
a. 5 A
b. 15 A
c. 10 A
d. 9.46 A
iv. what is the value of the phase angle between current and voltage?

a. 53o 9'
b. 63o 9'

c. 55o 4'
d. 50o
v. From graph, which one is true from following?
a. V L ≥ VC

b. VL < VC

c. VL = VC
d. None of these
16. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: [5]
Step-down transformers are used to decrease or step-down voltages. These are used when voltages need to be
lowered for use in homes and factories. A small town with a demand of 800 kW of electric power at 220 V is
situated 15 km away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the two wireline
carrying power is 0.5 Ω per km. The town gets power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-down

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RADIIANTT ACADEMY, +91-9650615500
 transformer at a sub-station in the town.

i. The value of total resistance of the wires is

a. 25 Ω
b. 30 Ω
c. 35 Ω
d. 15 Ω
ii. The line power loss in the form of heat is
a. 550 kW
b. 650 kW
c. 600 W
d. 700 kW
iii. How much power must the plant supply, assuming there is negligible power loss due to leakage?
a. 600 kW
b. 1600 kW
c. 500 W
d. 1400 kW
iv. The voltage drop in the power line is
a. 1700 V
b. 3000 V
c. 2000 V
d. 2800 V
v. The total value of voltage transmitted from the plant is
a. 500 V
b. 4000 V
c. 3000 V
d. 7000 V
17. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: [5]
A transformer is essentially an a.c. device. It cannot work on d.c. It changes alternating voltages or currents. It
does not affect the frequency of a.c. It is based on the phenomenon of mutual induction. A transformer
essentially consists of two coils of insulated copper wire having a different number of turns and wound on the
same soft iron core.
The number of turns in the primary and secondary coils of an ideal transformer are 2000 and 50 respectively.
The primary coil is connected to the main supply of 120 V and secondary coil is connected to a bulb of
resistance 0.6 Ω .
i. The value of voltage across the secondary coil is
a. 5V
b. 2V

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RADIIANTT ACADEMY, +91-9650615500
 c. 3V
d. 10V
ii. The value of current in the bulb is
a. 7A
b. 15A
c. 3A
d. 5A
iii. The value of current in primary coil is
a. 0.125 A
b. 2.52 A
c. 1.51 A
d. 3.52 A
iv. Power in primary coil is
i. 20W
ii. 5W
iii. 10W
iv. 15W
v. Power in secondary coil is
a. 15W
b. 20W
c. 7W
d. 8W

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