REVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE IN PHYSICAL SCIENCE Evidence: Massive stars have the necessary

conditions of high temperature and pressure to

1. Which of the following processes is primarily
initiate supernova explosions, leading to the
responsible for the formation of heavier elements
synthesis of heavy elements.
during star formation and evolution?
5. What role does neutron capture play in the
a) Fusion
formation of heavy elements within stars?
b) Fission
a) It initiates fusion reactions.
c) Radioactivity
b) It catalyzes nuclear decay.
d) Gravitational collapse
c) It provides the energy for stellar fusion.
Answer: a) Fusion
d) It creates unstable isotopes that decay into
Evidence: Nuclear fusion reactions within the cores heavier elements.
of stars, particularly during stages like the red giant
Answer: d) It creates unstable isotopes that decay
phase, create heavier elements by combining
into heavier elements.
lighter elements.
Evidence: Neutron capture by existing nuclei leads
2. During which stage of stellar evolution does
to the formation of unstable isotopes, which
nucleosynthesis play a significant role in the
subsequently decay into heavier elements through
formation of heavier elements?
processes like beta decay.
a) Protostar stage
6. Which of the following stellar phenomena is
b) Main sequence stage responsible for dispersing heavy elements
synthesized within stars into the interstellar
c) Red giant stage medium?
d) White dwarf stage a) Solar wind
Answer: c) Red giant stage b) Stellar nucleosynthesis
Evidence: In the red giant stage, fusion processes c) Stellar winds
intensify, leading to the synthesis of heavier
elements like carbon, oxygen, and beyond. d) Planetary nebulae

3. What is the primary stellar process that Answer: c) Stellar winds

synthesizes elements heavier than iron?
Evidence: Stellar winds, especially during the later
a) Helium burning stages of stellar evolution, carry heavy elements
from the stellar interior into space, enriching the
b) Carbon burning interstellar medium.
c) Supernova nucleosynthesis 7. What role do supernova remnants play in the
dispersion of heavy elements throughout galaxies?
d) Planetary nebula formation
a) They contain heavy elements within them.
Answer: c) Supernova nucleosynthesis
b) They generate gravitational waves.
Evidence: Supernova explosions generate the
immense energy and pressure required to fuse c) They create shock waves that sweep through
elements heavier than iron, contributing to the interstellar space.
synthesis of elements like gold, silver, and uranium.
d) They prevent the formation of new stars.
4. Which type of star is most likely to undergo
supernova nucleosynthesis and contribute Answer: c) They create shock waves that sweep
significantly to the formation of heavy elements? through interstellar space.

a) Red dwarf Evidence: Supernova remnants release shock waves

that propagate through the interstellar medium,
b) Yellow dwarf dispersing heavy elements and triggering new
rounds of star formation.
c) Red giant
8. Which process contributes to the enrichment of
d) Massive star
heavy elements in the formation of planetary
Answer: d) Massive star systems around stars?
a) Accretion of primordial material the synthesis of heavier elements like carbon and
oxygen.
b) Gravitational collapse
12. What role does convection play in the synthesis
c) Supernova nucleosynthesis
of heavy elements within stars?
d) Photodissociation
a) It transports heavy elements to the stellar
Answer: a) Accretion of primordial material surface.

Evidence: The accretion of primordial material, b) It triggers supernova explosions.

enriched with heavy elements from previous
c) It creates shock waves.
generations of stars, forms the building blocks of
planets and other celestial bodies within planetary d) It increases the temperature of the stellar core.
systems.
Answer: a) It transports heavy elements to the
9. Which of the following is NOT a source of heavy stellar surface.
elements in the universe?
Evidence: Convection within stars helps transport
a) Stellar nucleosynthesis newly synthesized heavy elements from the
interior to the outer layers, where they can be
b) Cosmic ray collisions
released into space through stellar winds or other
c) Primordial nucleosynthesis processes.

d) Planetary nebulae 13. Which of the following regions within a star

typically exhibits the highest temperatures required
Answer: b) Cosmic ray collisions for nuclear fusion to occur?
Evidence: Cosmic ray collisions primarily involve a) Photosphere
high-energy particles interacting with atomic nuclei,
but they do not contribute significantly to the b) Chromosphere
synthesis of heavy elements compared to processes
c) Corona
like stellar nucleosynthesis.
d) Core
10. What role does the s-process play in the
formation of heavy elements in stars? Answer: d) Core

a) It occurs during supernova explosions. Evidence: The core of a star is where nuclear fusion
reactions take place, reaching temperatures and
b) It synthesizes elements heavier than iron.
pressures sufficient for the synthesis of heavy
c) It occurs in the core of massive stars. elements.

d) It involves slow neutron capture reactions. 14. Which of the following factors determines the
duration of various stages of stellar evolution
Answer: d) It involves slow neutron capture during which heavy elements are synthesized?
reactions.
a) Stellar mass
Evidence: The s-process involves the capture of
neutrons over long timescales, leading to the b) Stellar age
gradual buildup of heavier elements within the
c) Stellar luminosity
stellar interior.
d) Stellar metallicity
11. Which of the following types of stars is
primarily responsible for the synthesis of elements Answer: a) Stellar mass
like carbon and oxygen?
Evidence: Stellar mass determines the internal
a) White dwarfs conditions and timescales of nuclear fusion
reactions, influencing the duration of stages where
b) Red giants
heavy elements are synthesized.
c) Main sequence stars
15. What effect does the presence of heavy
d) Neutron stars elements have on the subsequent generations of
stars within a galaxy?
Answer: b) Red giants
a) It accelerates stellar evolution.
Evidence: Red giants are stars in advanced stages of
evolution where helium burning occurs, leading to b) It inhibits the formation of planetary systems.
c) It enriches the interstellar medium. a) By predicting the properties of unknown
elements
d) It increases the rate of star formation.
b) By guiding the arrangement of elements in the
Answer: c) It enriches the interstellar medium.
periodic table
Evidence: Heavy elements released by previous
c) By providing insight into nuclear fusion reactions
generations of stars enrich the interstellar medium,
providing the raw materials for the formation of d) By determining the stability of isotopes
subsequent generations of stars and planetary
Answer: a) By predicting the properties of unknown
systems.
elements
16. What fundamental property of an atom is
21. Which method is commonly used to synthesize
represented by its atomic number?
new elements in the laboratory?
a) Mass
a) Chemical reactions
b) Charge
b) Nuclear fission
c) Number of protons
c) Nuclear fusion
d) Number of neutrons
d) Radioactive decay
Answer: c) Number of protons
Answer: c) Nuclear fusion
17. Which scientist proposed the concept of atomic
22. How does knowledge of atomic number aid
number, laying the foundation for modern
scientists in the identification of newly synthesized
understanding of the periodic table?
elements?
a) Dmitri Mendeleev
a) By determining their chemical reactivity
b) Marie Curie
b) By analyzing their mass spectra
c) Ernest Rutherford
c) By comparing their atomic spectra to theoretical
d) Henry Moseley predictions

Answer: d) Henry Moseley d) By measuring their half-life

18. How does the atomic number of an element Answer: c) By comparing their atomic spectra to
relate to its position on the periodic table? theoretical predictions

a) It determines the element's reactivity. 23. Which of the following is a primary challenge in
synthesizing new elements in the laboratory?
b) It corresponds to the number of electrons in the
outermost shell. a) Achieving high enough temperatures

c) It determines the element's position in a specific b) Balancing nuclear reactions

group or period.
c) Controlling radioactive decay
d) It reflects the element's atomic mass.
d) Ensuring chemical stability
Answer: c) It determines the element's position in a
Answer: b) Balancing nuclear reactions
specific group or period.
24. How does the periodic table assist scientists in
19. Which of the following elements has the lowest
predicting the properties of newly synthesized
atomic number?
elements based on their atomic numbers?
a) Hydrogen (H)
a) By providing patterns in atomic mass
b) Helium (He)
b) By organizing elements by their electron
c) Oxygen (O) configurations

d) Uranium (U) c) By indicating the number of isotopes for each

element
Answer: a) Hydrogen (H)
d) By detailing the melting points of elements
20. How did the concept of atomic number
contribute to the synthesis of new elements in the Answer: b) By organizing elements by their electron
laboratory? configurations
25. Which of the following statements about the b) Elements with specific atomic numbers are
relationship between atomic number and nuclear known to exhibit enhanced stability.
stability is true?
c) Atomic number provides insight into the
a) Higher atomic numbers always correspond to nucleus's ability to resist decay.
more stable nuclei.
d) Stability is solely determined by the number of
b) Nuclei with even atomic numbers are generally neutrons in the nucleus.
less stable.
Answer: b) Elements with specific atomic numbers
c) Atomic number has no bearing on nuclear are known to exhibit enhanced stability.
stability.
30. What is the significance of reaching higher
d) Higher atomic numbers typically correspond to atomic numbers in the synthesis of new elements?
less stable nuclei.
a) Higher atomic numbers indicate greater chemical
Answer: d) Higher atomic numbers typically reactivity.
correspond to less stable nuclei.
b) Higher atomic numbers represent elements with
26. How do scientists verify the successful synthesis longer half-lives.
of a new element in the laboratory?
c) Synthesizing higher atomic numbers expands our
a) By measuring its atomic mass understanding of nuclear physics and the limits of
the periodic table.
b) By analyzing its chemical properties
d) Higher atomic numbers correspond to elements
c) By observing its decay products
with lower mass.
d) By comparing its spectral lines to known
Answer: c) Synthesizing higher atomic numbers
elements
expands our understanding of nuclear physics and
Answer: c) By observing its decay products the limits of the periodic table.

27. What role does the concept of isotopes play in 31. What structural feature primarily determines
the synthesis of new elements? whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar?

a) Isotopes provide additional stability to a) Molecular weight

synthesized elements.
b) Symmetry of the molecule
b) Isotopes influence the rate of nuclear reactions.
c) Number of atoms in the molecule
c) Isotopes are used as target nuclei in nuclear
d) Electronegativity of the atoms
fusion experiments.
Answer: b) Symmetry of the molecule
d) Isotopes help identify and characterize newly
synthesized elements. 32. Which of the following molecules is likely to be
nonpolar due to its symmetric structure?
Answer: c) Isotopes are used as target nuclei in
nuclear fusion experiments. a) H2O (water)

28. Which of the following techniques is commonly b) CO2 (carbon dioxide)

used to detect and confirm the presence of newly
c) NH3 (ammonia)
synthesized elements?
d) CH4 (methane)
a) X-ray crystallography
Answer: b) CO2 (carbon dioxide)
b) Mass spectrometry
33. In which type of bond do atoms share electrons
c) Infrared spectroscopy
equally, resulting in a nonpolar molecule?
d) Chromatography
a) Ionic bond
Answer: b) Mass spectrometry
b) Covalent bond
29. How does the understanding of atomic number
c) Hydrogen bond
contribute to the prediction of the stability of
newly synthesized elements? d) Metallic bond
a) Higher atomic numbers always correspond to Answer: b) Covalent bond
greater stability.
34. What property of a molecule's geometry can 39. What structural feature can result in a nonpolar
lead to its polarity? molecule even if individual bonds within it are
polar?
a) Number of lone pairs
a) Linear geometry
b) Bond length
b) Tetrahedral geometry
c) Molecular weight
c) Trigonal planar geometry
d) Bond angle
d) Symmetric distribution of polar bonds
Answer: a) Number of lone pairs
Answer: d) Symmetric distribution of polar bonds
35. Which factor influences the polarity of a
molecule more: the electronegativity of its atoms 40. Which of the following statements about
or its molecular geometry? molecular polarity is true?

a) Electronegativity of its atoms a) All molecules with polar bonds are polar.

b) Molecular geometry b) All molecules with nonpolar bonds are nonpolar.

c) Both equally c) Molecular polarity depends solely on the

electronegativity of the central atom.
d) Neither; polarity is predetermined by molecular
weight d) Molecular polarity depends on both the types of
bonds and the molecular geometry.
Answer: c) Both equally
Answer: d) Molecular polarity depends on both the
36. Which of the following molecules contains polar
types of bonds and the molecular geometry.
covalent bonds but is overall nonpolar due to its
symmetric geometry? 41. Which type of molecule is more likely to have a
net dipole moment: one with polar bonds but
a) HCl (hydrochloric acid)
symmetric geometry, or one with polar bonds and
b) H2O (water) asymmetric geometry?

c) CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane) a) Symmetric geometry

d) NH3 (ammonia) b) Asymmetric geometry

Answer: c) CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane) c) Both have equal likelihood of having a net dipole
moment.
37. What is the primary factor that determines
whether a molecule will exhibit a net dipole d) Neither can have a net dipole moment.
moment?
Answer: b) Asymmetric geometry
a) Total number of atoms
42. What term describes a molecule with a partial
b) Electronegativity difference between atoms positive and partial negative charge on opposite
ends?
c) Molecular weight
a) Ionic
d) Presence of lone pairs
b) Covalent
Answer: b) Electronegativity difference between
atoms c) Polar

38. Which of the following molecules is likely to be d) Nonpolar

polar due to the electronegativity difference
Answer: c) Polar
between its constituent atoms?
43. Which of the following molecules is likely to
a) CH4 (methane)
exhibit hydrogen bonding due to its polar nature?
b) CO2 (carbon dioxide)
a) CH4 (methane)
c) NH3 (ammonia)
b) H2O (water)
d) N2 (nitrogen)
c) CO2 (carbon dioxide)
Answer: c) NH3 (ammonia)
d) N2 (nitrogen)
Answer: b) H2O (water) a) Polar molecules typically have lower boiling and
melting points.
44. What role does the shape of a molecule play in
determining its polarity? b) Polar molecules typically have higher boiling and
melting points.
a) It determines the type of bonds present in the
molecule. c) Polarity has no effect on boiling and melting
points.
b) It affects the distribution of electrons,
influencing whether the molecule is polar or d) Boiling and melting points are solely determined
nonpolar. by molecular weight.

c) It determines the molecular weight of the Answer: b) Polar molecules typically have higher
molecule. boiling and melting points.

d) It determines the electronegativity of the 49. Which of the following statements best
constituent atoms. describes the relationship between the polarity of a
molecule and its ability to form intermolecular
Answer: b) It affects the distribution of electrons,
forces?
influencing whether the molecule is polar or
nonpolar. a) Nonpolar molecules cannot form intermolecular
forces.
45. Which of the following molecules is nonpolar
despite containing polar bonds due to its b) Polar molecules can only form dipole-dipole
symmetrical structure? interactions.

a) HCl (hydrochloric acid) c) Polarity determines the strength and type of

intermolecular forces a molecule can form.
b) NH3 (ammonia)
d) Intermolecular forces are solely determined by
c) CO2 (carbon dioxide)
the size of the molecule.
d) H2O (water)
Answer: c) Polarity determines the strength and
Answer: c) CO2 (carbon dioxide) type of intermolecular forces a molecule can form.

46. How does the polarity of a molecule influence 50. How does the polarity of a molecule influence
its solubility in different solvents? its behavior in an electric field?

a) Polar molecules are more soluble in nonpolar a) Polar molecules are not affected by electric
solvents. fields.

b) Nonpolar molecules are more soluble in polar b) Polar molecules align themselves with the
solvents. electric field.

c) Polar molecules are more soluble in polar c) Nonpolar molecules experience stronger effects
solvents. from electric fields.

d) Nonpolar molecules are more soluble in d) Polarity has no effect on a molecule's behavior in
nonpolar solvents. an electric field.

Answer: c) Polar molecules are more soluble in Answer: b) Polar molecules align themselves with
polar solvents. the electric field.

47. Which property of a polar molecule makes it 51. Which property of polar molecules contributes
likely to interact with other polar molecules to their ability to dissolve ionic compounds in
through hydrogen bonding? solution?

a) Symmetric shape a) High boiling point

b) Unequal distribution of charge b) Low dipole moment

c) Lack of dipole moment c) Strong hydrogen bonding

d) Nonpolar covalent bonds d) Ability to interact with both positive and

negative ions
Answer: b) Unequal distribution of charge
Answer: d) Ability to interact with both positive and
48. How does the polarity of a molecule affect its negative ions
boiling point and melting point?
52. How does the polarity of a molecule affect its c) Nonpolar molecules are attracted to magnetic
ability to conduct electricity? fields.

a) Polar molecules are good conductors of d) Polarity has no effect on a molecule's behavior in
electricity. a magnetic field.

b) Nonpolar molecules are good conductors of Answer: a) Polar molecules align themselves with
electricity. the magnetic field.

c) Polarity has no effect on a molecule's ability to 57. Which property of polar molecules makes them
conduct electricity. more likely to dissolve in water, a polar solvent?

d) Only ions can conduct electricity. a) Symmetric shape

Answer: a) Polar molecules are good conductors of b) Low dipole moment

electricity.
c) Ability to form hydrogen bonds
53. Which property of a molecule is primarily
d) Nonpolar covalent bonds
responsible for its polarity?
Answer: c) Ability to form hydrogen bonds
a) Molecular weight
58. How does the polarity of a molecule affect its
b) Symmetry of the molecule
reactivity in chemical reactions?
c) Number of lone pairs
a) Polar molecules are less likely to participate in
d) Electronegativity difference between atoms chemical reactions.

Answer: d) Electronegativity difference between b) Polar molecules are more reactive than nonpolar
atoms molecules.

54. How does the polarity of a molecule influence c) Polarity has no effect on a molecule's reactivity.
its interactions with biological systems?
d) Nonpolar molecules exhibit stronger chemical
a) Polar molecules are typically inert in biological bonds.
systems.
Answer: b) Polar molecules are more reactive than
b) Polar molecules can readily cross cell nonpolar molecules.
membranes.
59. Which property of a polar molecule allows it to
c) Nonpolar molecules are more likely to form exhibit dipole-dipole interactions with other polar
hydrogen bonds with biological molecules. molecules?

d) Polarity has no effect on a molecule's interaction a) Symmetric shape

with biological systems.
b) Low dipole moment
Answer: b) Polar molecules can readily cross cell
c) High electron density
membranes.
d) Unequal distribution of charge
55. Which property of polar molecules contributes
to their ability to lower the surface tension of Answer: d) Unequal distribution of charge
water?
60. How does the polarity of a molecule affect its
a) High boiling point ability to absorb and emit light?
b) Strong hydrogen bonding a) Polar molecules absorb and emit light at specific
wavelengths.
c) Symmetric shape
b) Nonpolar molecules exhibit stronger absorption
d) Low dipole moment
of light.
Answer: b) Strong hydrogen bonding
c) Polarity has no effect on a molecule's interaction
56. How does the polarity of a molecule influence with light.
its behavior in a magnetic field?
d) Only nonpolar molecules can emit light.
a) Polar molecules align themselves with the
Answer: a) Polar molecules absorb and emit light at
magnetic field.
specific wavelengths.
b) Polar molecules are repelled by magnetic fields.