FDXNB

Plc 1
Q/ The PLC has many benefits for controlling design?

1. Small size and durability.
2. Immunity against jamming.
3. Language:
• Easy to teach.
• Easy to use in control.
4. Input and output:
• Standard (Standard) which is in line with the sensors traded and actuators in the market.
• Modular making it easier to change.
Q/ PLC system major components?

1. processor unit or central processing unit (CPU).
2. Power supply unit.
3. Programming device.
4. Program and data memory unit.
5. input and output interface sections.
6. The communications interface.
Plc 2
Q/ Draw the block diagram of automated PLC?
Q/ PLC Advantage?
1- Flexibility
2- Implementing Changes and Correcting Errors
- With a wired relay-type panel, any program alterations require time for rewiring of
panels and devices.
- When a PLC program circuit or sequence design change is made, the PLC program can
be changed from a keyboard sequence in a matter of minutes. L
- No rewiring is required for a PLC-controlled system.
- If a programming error has to be corrected in a PLC control ladder diagram, a change
can be typed in quickly.
3- Large Quantities of Contacts
- The PLC has a large number of contacts for each coil available in its programming. -
- Suppose that a panel-wired relay has four contacts and all are in use when a design
change requiring three more contacts is made.
- Using a PLC, however, only three more contacts would be typed in.
4- Lower cost
- Increased technology makes it possible.
- Now you can purchase a PLC with numerous relays, timers, and counters and sequencer
for few hundred dollars.
5- Pilot Running
- A PLC programmed circuit can be evaluated in the lab. The program can be typed in,
tested, observed, and modified if needed, saving valuable factory time.
6- Reliability and Maintainability
- Solid-state devices are more reliable, in general, than mechanical systems or relays and
timers. Consequently, the control system maintenance costs are low and downtime is
minimal.
Q/ PLC dis-advantage?
1- Fixed Program Applications
- Some applications are single-function applications.
- Their operational sequence is seldom or never changed, so the reprogramming available
with the PLC would not be necessary.
2- Fail-Safe Operation
- In relay systems, the stop button electrically disconnects the circuit.
- In some PLC programs, you may have to apply an input voltage to cause a device to
stop. These systems may not be fail-safe.
Q/ PLC ARCHITECTURE diagram?

Lecture 5
SCADA: is a computer based system for gathering and analyzing real-time data to monitor and
control equipment that deals with critical and time-sensitive materials or events.
SCADA Systems uses:
- Oil and Gas
- Utilities
- Manufacturing
- Transportation
- Water and Wastewater
- Plant/factory automation
Why are SCADA systems important?

1- It allows an organization to carefully study and anticipate the optimal response
2- Relying on precise machine control for monitoring equipment and processes virtually
eliminates human error.
3- It automates common, tedious, routine tasks once performed by a human
4- Improves management of critical machine failure in real-time, and minimizes the
possibility of controllable environmental disasters.
5- SCADA systems are needed to monitor and control a large geographical displacement
where an organization may not have enough manpower to cover.
6- Reliable communication and operability of these areas or sites is critical to profitability.
SCADA systems key components

- Distribution Control Systems (DCS).
- Process Control Systems (PCS).
- Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).
- Remote Terminal Units (RTU).
Many organizations are now adopting the latest wireless communication technologies?
- to replace certain sections of their hardwired SCADA system infrastructures with
wireless equipment for improving reliability and cost.
Lecture 6
Main Components Of a Robot
1- Base.
2- Manipulator arm: the simplest robot may be a two or three-axes arm.
3- End-effector: robot end-effector is the gripper or arm tooling mounted on the robot
manipulator arm
4- Actuators
Q/ Grippers use?
are used as part handling applications include picking parts, moving parts and machine loading
tool handling applications include welding gun, painting gun to perform a specific task and a
deburring tool.
Q/ Types of fundamental drive?

1. Hydraulic drive.
2. Electric drive.
3. Pneumatic drive.
Types of robots by application:

- Industrial robots
- Domestic or household robots
- Medical robots
- Service robots
- Military robots
- Entertainment robots
- Space robots
- Hobby and competition robots
Types of robots by locomotion and kinematics:

- Stationary robots
- Wheeled robots
- Legged robots
- other number of legs
- Swimming robots
- Flying robots
- Mobile spherical robots (robotic balls)
- Swarm robots
five manipulator arms
1- Articulated(RRR): This robot layout advantages rotating joints and can extend from
basic two joint construction to 10 or more joints. Every joint is called a hub and gives an
extra level for degree of freedom.
2- Cartesian(PPP): These are also called rectilinear or gantry robots. Cartesian robots have
three linear joints that use the Cartesian coordinate system (X, Y, and Z).
3- Cylindrical(RPP): The robot has at least one rotary joint at the base and at least one
prismatic joint to connect the links.
4- Spherical(RRP): Also called Polar robots The axes form a polar coordinate system and
create a spherical-shaped work envelope.
5- SCARA(RRP): usually utilized in assembly applications, this selectively compliant arm for
robotic.
Lecture 7
Q/ Mention the model forces and moments and write their equation?
- Thrust Force:
𝐹𝑇 = 𝑇 = 𝐶𝑇 𝜌𝐴(Ω𝑅)2
- Hub Force:
𝐹𝐻 = 𝐻 = 𝐶𝐻 𝜌𝐴(Ω𝑅)2
- Drag Moment:
𝑀𝑄 = 𝑄 = 𝐶𝑄 𝜌𝐴(Ω𝑅)2 𝑅
Q/ Mention the sensor classifications?

1- Proprioceptive sensors
- Measure values internally to the robot.
- Angular rate, heading.
2- Exteroceptive sensors -
- Information from the robot environment.
- Distances to objects, extraction of features from the environment.
Q/ Mention the sensor principles of operation?

1- Passive Sensors -
- Measure energy coming from a signal of the environment.
- very much influenced from the environment.
2- Active Sensors -
- Emit their proper energy and measure reaction.
- Better performance, but some influence on the environment.
- Not always easily applicable concept.
Q/ State the role of inertial sensors?
1- Inertial Sensors:
- Accelerometers
- Gyroscopes
2- Magnetometers (digital compass)
3- Pressure Sensors: -
- Barometric pressure for altitude sensing
- Airspeed measurements
4- GPS
5- Camera based systems
6- Time-of-Flight sensors
Q/ Describe the control of robot?
Q/ Write the autonomy levels?
1) Direct interaction is used for haptic or tele-operated devices, and the human has nearly
complete control over the robot's motion.
2) Operator-assist modes have the operator commanding medium-to- high-level tasks, with the
robot automatically figuring out how to achieve them.
3) An autonomous robot may go for extended periods of time without human interaction.
Higher levels of autonomy do not necessarily require more complex cognitive capabilities.

FDXNB

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FDXNB

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

FDXNB

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Plc 1

Q/ The PLC has many benefits for controlling design?

Q/ PLC system major components?

Q/ Draw the block diagram of automated PLC?

Q/ PLC ARCHITECTURE diagram?

Why are SCADA systems important?

SCADA systems key components

Main Components Of a Robot

Q/ Types of fundamental drive?

Types of robots by application:

Types of robots by locomotion and kinematics:

Q/ Mention the sensor classifications?

Q/ Mention the sensor principles of operation?

Q/ Describe the control of robot?

Q/ Write the autonomy levels?

You might also like