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Indian Standard —

CRITERIA FOR DESIGN OF LINED CANALS AND

GUIDANCE FOR SELECTION OF TYPE OF LINING
(First Revision)

ICS 93.160

0 BIS 2000

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

(?ctdzr 2000 Price Group 6

Irrigation Canals and Canal Linings Sectional Committee, WRD 13

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Irrigation Canals and Canals Linings Sectional Committee had been approved by the-Water Resources
Division -Council.

Lining of canals is an important feature of irrigation projects as it improves the flow characteristics and
minimises the loss of water due to seepage. The water thus saved can be utilised for the extension and improvement
of irrigation. Lining of water courses in the areas irrigated by tubewells assumes special significance as the
pumped water supply is relatively more costly. The reduced seepage also prevents rise of the sub-soil water
table and thus reduces the possibility of damage to the adjoining areas by water logging. Further, due to
adoption of higher velocities in a lined canal there is a saving in the cross-sectional area of the canal and land
width required, with corresponding saving in the cost of excavation and masonry works. It helps in retention
of shape -of the canal. Lining also results in improvement of command and larger working head for power
generation.

This standard deals with design of Iined canals. However, before lining of a canal is decided, techno-economic
justification for the same should be established. Selection of a particular type of lining should be arrived at
based on materials available and overall cost vis-a-vis saving in seepage and head. Performance data for
various types of lining shall be collected and consulted before deciding on a particular type of lining.

Only general guidelines with regard to factors influencing the selection of the type of lining are given in this
standard, for the assistance of the designer. But each project should be individually analysed taking into
consideration its peculiar features.

This standard was first published in 1982. The first revision has been taken up in the light of the comments
received from the Irrigation departments of various states. In this revision functions of lining and various types
of lining have been included. Changes in side slopes, free board, etc, have also been incorporated.

There is no 1S0 standard on the subject. This standard has been prepared based on indigenous manufacturers’
data/practices in the field in India.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
 IS 10430:2000

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR DESIGN OF LINED CANALS AND
GUIDANCE FOR SELECTION OF TYPE OF LINING
(First Revision)
1 SCOPE d) Cross-sections along the canal alignment an
intervals not more than 300 m for a uniform
This standard lays down design criteria for lined canals
terrain and at closer intervals for undulating
and presents guidelines for selection of type of lining.
terrain. The cross-sections should extend at least
2 REFERENCES 10 metres beyond the limits of canal section on
both sides;
The following Indian Standards contain provisions
which through reference in this text, constitute e) Road and railway crossings, cartlpedestrian
provisions of this standard. At the time of publication tracks, drainage crossings, etc;
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are Nature and quantity of sediment likely to be
o
sub~ct to revision and parties to agreements based on transported;
this standard are enco-uraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the g) Profile of soil up to at least half the full supply
standards indicated below: depth or 1 m whichever is more, below the canal
bed level along the canal alignment at 500 m
[S No. Tide intervals. However, if any variation in soil strata
4558: 1995 Code of practice for under drainage is found, the spacing shall be at shorter intervals.
of lined canals (second revision) Soil samples should be tested for usual soil
properties including permeability, swelling
9451: I 994 Guidelines for lining of canals in
pressuces, and dispersive properties;
expansive soils (second revision)
h) Salt content of the soil, specially presence of
3 NECESSARY INFORMATION sulphates, to be determined at suitable intervals;
For arriving at a suitable design .of a -lined canal and Sub-soil water level and its quality along the
j)
for selection of type of lining the following infor- canal alignmenu
mation is necessary for the entire length of the canal:
k) Availability of skilled and unskilled labour;
a) Capacity — Capacity required for the canal to
m) Availability of construction machinery;
irrigate the command depends on the crop
pattern, irrigation intensity, rotation period, n) Cattle traffic;
water required during critical period, trans- P) Climatic and other local conditions;
mission losses, etc. For fixing the canal capacity,
q) Thickness of ice formation (if applicable);
a design statement, or capacity statement should
be separately prepared, reach by reach. The r) Availability of suitable construction materials
section of a particular reach should be designed within economic leads, such as:
for the maximum discharge in-that reach. 1) Coarse and fine aggregate for canal lining;
NOTE — Suitable transmission loss ( m’/s per millio~ 2) Soil for making tiles/bricks; and
square metre of wetted perimeter) for lined canal
depending upon the type of lining, climatic condi-
3) Stones of required size, specific gravity and
tions shall be assumed. soundness for stone lining.

b) Longitudinal-section along the canal alignment 4 FUNCTIONS OF LINING

plotted generally to a horizontal scale of 1 in 4.1 The functions of lining are:
10000 and a vertical scale of 1 in 100. Vertical
scale may be changed, if desired, depending a) Seepage control,
upon the drop in the ground levels; “b) Prevention of water logging,
c) Full supply level (FSL), bank level and the bed c) Increased hydraulic efficiency,
level of the parent canal (if any); d) Increased resistance to erosion/abraison,

1
1S 10430:2000

e) Reduction in cross-section nrea and Table 1 Values of Rugosity Coefficient (n)-far

consequential smaller structures, and Lined Canals with Straight Alignment
i) Lowoperation andrnaintenanc ecost. (Clauses 4.1.2.lmd 4.1.2.2)

4.1.1 Seepage Control S1 No. Surface Characteristics Value of ‘n’

(1) (2) (3)
The seepage control mainly depends on the soundness
and Impermeability of lining. Seepage losses also i) Concrete with surface m indicated
below:
depend on nature and permeability of soil, depth of
water in the canal and position of sub-soil water table a) Formed, no finish/PCC tiles 0.018-0.020
below the bed level. The permissible seepage losses or slabs

depend on the local conditions such as value of water b) Trowel float finish 0.015-0.018
c) Gunited -finish
-—
and any Iikcly damage to land and other property by 0.018-0.022
water leggings, etc. ii) Brick/tile lining 0.018-0.020

Generally canal reaches of sufi”icient length having iii) U. C. R./Rmrdom rubble masonry 0.024-0.026
with pointing
permeability of 1 x 1(Y’ cm/s or less need not be lined
when the velocity in the canal does not exceed the iv) Asplmlt

permissible velocity. However, reaches of permeability a) Smooth 0.013-0.015

1 x 1W’cm/s or less maybe lined, pwticularly in power b) Rough 0.016-0.018
channels, for hydraulic efficiency and erosion resis- v) Concrete bed trowel/float finish
tance Canal reaches of greater permeability may be and slopes m indicated below:
lined with suitable material. a) Hammer dressed stone 0.019 -0.02.1
masonry
4.1.2 Itlcreused Hydraulic Efficiency b) Coursed rubble masonry 0.018-0.020
The discharge carrying capacity of a canal varies c) Random rubble masonry 0.020-0.025
inversely with the value of rugosity coefficient of a d) Masonry plastered 0.015-0.017
particular type of lining. It may, however, undergo e) Stone pitched lining 0.020-0.030
changes with passage of time, it may decrease with vi) Gravel bed with side slope ch.amcteristics
the lining undergoing deterioration and consequent m given below:
increase in roughness. a) Formed concrete 0,02-0.022
h) Rtmdom rubble in mortar 0.017-0.023
4.1.2.1 The vahles of rugosity coefficient (n) to be
c) Dry rubble (rip-rap) 0.023-0.033
used in Manning’s formula for various types of linings
are given in Table 1. NOTES
1 For canals with an alignment other than the straight, a
4.1.2.2 E#ectije rugosity coefficient small increase in the value of ‘n’ may be made or
alternatively bend losses may be accounted for. In case
An effective rugosity co-efficient is possible to be of canals with relatively higher discharges in straight
derived in such situation where the sides and bed are reaches, lower values of ‘n’ indicated may be adopted.
having different types of lining. For such channels 2 The ‘n’ value shall be decided in view of the age of
the equivalent manning’s ‘r~’can be calculated by the lining, surface roughness, weed growth, channel irregu-
following formula: larities, canal alignment, silting, suspended material and
bed load, etc.

[(~~ni ‘Dp, )] 2“
i=l 4.1.3 Increased Resistance to Erosion
n = ––––---–— Sometimes the canal transports considerable amount
p
of sediment which can damage the lining by abrasion.
whet-c The lining shall, therefore, be able to withstand such
abrasion.
pi = lengths of different portion of perimeter
with corresponding roughness; NOTE — Cement concrete and stone masonry linings
provide better abrasion resistance as compared to brick
l’1 = roughness of portion pi; and tile lining.
p = Zp,.
4.1.4 Prevention of Water Logging
Co-elficients as given in S1 No. (v) and (vi) of Table 1 There is increase in ground water level if the canals
arc suggested for some cases, where an analytical remain unlined. This condition, if unchecked, brings
derivation, as above, is not feasible. alkali salt to the surface rendering land unfit for
 Is 10430:2000

cultivation. Lining of canals reduces the seepage earth pressure or any other external pressure against
appreciably and thus prevents the occurrence of water the lining. Pressure due to saturated backfill and the
logging condition. differential water head across lining should be avoided.
Arrangements like weep holes, graded filter behind
4.L5 Reduction in Cross-Sectional Area weep holes shall be made so that no water gets behind
With the increase in efficiency of canal due to lining the iining from an external sources.
and higher velocity, reduced areas of cross-section is Where the side slopes are made steeper than the stable
required to pass same discharge. Consequently, there slopes of the soil, or where external pressures cannot
is large saving in the cost of’land acquisition and also be avoided, the lining will have to be designed accor-
of canal structures. dingly in such special case.

4.1.6 Low Operation and Maintenance Cost To provide relief from differential pressure, adequate
sub-soil drainage arrangements and pressure release
Unlined canals require considerably increased operation
arrangements (see IS 4558) shall be provided wherever
and maintenance cost for periodical removal of silt,
necessary.
minor repairs, removal of weeds and water plants. The
provision of lining reduce these costs considerably. 5.L3 Strength and Durability

5 -REQUIREMENTS OF LINING The canal lining shall be able to withstand the effect
of velocity of water, rain, sunshine, frost, freezing and
5.1 General
thawing (where applicable), temperature and moisture
The following are the important requirements for the changes, chemical action of salts, etc. With suitable
selection of type of canal lining: treatment, lining should be able to withstand the effect
of gypsum, black cotton soil/bentonite. It should also
a) Economy;
be able to withstand the damaging effect caused by
b) Structural stability; abrasions, cattle traffic, rodents and weed growth.
c) Strength and durability;
5.1.3.1 For the purpose of economic analysis, the life
d) Repairability and easy maintenance; expectancy of concrete, bricldtile and stone pitched
e) Maximum hydraulic efficiency; lining may be assumed to be of the order of 60 years.
However, experience gained from data on lined
f) Impermeability; canal in the vicinity can be utilized to review the life
g) Resistance to erosion; expectancy of lining.

h) Ability to prevent weed growth; 5.1.4 Repairability/Easy Maintenance

j) Resistance against burrowing animals; and Since with lapse of time the lining may get damaged,
it should be such that it can be repaired easily and
k) Reasonable flexibility. economically.
The lining material shall be so selected that it should
5.1.4.1 Brick/tile, stone-pitched and precast slab
meet most of the requirements for the specific site. linings are more easily repairable or replaceable than
5.1.1 Economy in-situ concrete lining,

The selection of suitable type of lining for any project 5.S.5 General
is mainly a question of economics and availability ofi
Other factors indicated in 5.1 (e) to 5.1 (h) are achieved
a) material available within economical leads; to different extent by various options available for
lining.
b) skilled and unskilled Iabour;
c) construction machinery and equipment; and The multi-dimensional effect of choice on the various
parameters affecting the requirements thus require a
d) time required during which the work should be
judicious evaluations before a final choice.
completed.
6 DIFFERENT TYPES OF LININGS
The type of lining selected should not only be econo-
mical in initial costs, but also in repair and mainte- a) Rigid Lining
nance in the long run. 1) Stone-pitched lining;
5.1.2 Structural Stability 2) Burnt clay tile or brick lining;
The sides of the canal to bc lined shou}d preferably be 3) Precast cement concrete/stone slab lining;
kept at the stable slope of the soil so that there is no 4) In-situ cement lime/concrete lining;

3
IS 10430:2000

5) Stonemasonry lining; generally suitable for the site condition may be listed
6) Soil cement lining; in the light of 5 and 6. The most economical of the
linings selected from amongst the suitable linings may
7) Shotcrete lining; and be evaluated as per Annex A for economical viability.
8) Asphaltic cement/concrete. To select type of lining to keep seepage within desirable
limits, reference may also be made to performance data
b) Flexible Lining of existing canals. There may be other intangible
1) Geomembrane like High Density Polye- factors like presence of high population intensity,
thylene (HDPE), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC,) aesthetics, limitations of land availability, etc, -which
Low Density polyethylene (LDPE) cover may influence the final selection of type of lining.
comprising layer oft-m to rite with adequatel 8 PARAMETER FOR DESIGN OF LINED
earth/burnt clay tile brick/precast cement CANALS
concrete,
8.1 Side Slopes
2) Bituminous or bituminous/asphaltic felt
lining, 8.1.1 Inner Slopes of Lined Canals
3) Fibre reinforced plastic tissue as phallic Lining is usually made to rest on stable slopes of the
membrane, and natural soil; so slopes should be such that no earth
4) Composite membraneh-ubber lining. pressure or any other external pressure is exerted over
the back of the lining. Sudden drawdown of water
c) Combination Lining (membrane in the bed and level in the lined canal should be controlled by strict
bricldtile or concrete lining on sides) operation rules and regulations to avoid external
7 SELECTION OF LINING pressure on the lining, However where chance of
sudden drawdown in the canal is considerable, the
7.1 Considerations for Selection canal slopes should be checked for stability using slip
Taking Into consideration all the above factors, circle analysis as given in IS 7894. In addition, other
suitable types of lining for different sizes of canals suitable measures like adequate drainage should be
will be selected on the. basis of type of subgrade, provided before lining work commences. As a rule,
position of water table, climatic conditions, availability steeper slopes are economical but stable slopes
of materials, speed of construction, time schedule, depending on type of soil are preferred. For general
performance of lining in the existing canals in the guidance, the following side slopes as given in Table
adjoining areas. Adoption of a particular type of lining 2 are recommended.
will require careful consideration of all these factors. 8.1.2 Outer Slopes of Lined Canal
7.2 After collecting necessary information as given Suggested outer slopes for lined canals are seen in
in 3.1, the entire canal or specific reaches to be lined, some of the typical sections such as given in Fig. 1A,
may be decided as per 4.1.1. The types of lining lB, 2A, 2B, etc. However, engineering properties of

Table’2 Recommended Side Slopes

(Clause 8.1. 1)

S1 No. Type of Soil Side SIopes (Horizontal : Vertical)

i) Very light loose 2:1 [03:1

sand to average sandy soil

ii) Sandy loam 1.5: 1 to 2: 1 (in cutting)

2 : 1 (in embankment)

iii) Sandy gravel/murum 1.5 : 1 (in cutting)

1.5 : I to 2: 1 (in embankment)

iv) Black cotton 1.5 : 1 to 2.5: 1 (in cutting)

2: 1 to 3.5 : 1 (in embankment)

v) Clayey soils 1.5: 1 to 2: 1 (in cutting)

1.5: 1 to 2.5: 1 (in embankment)

vi) Rock 0.25: 1 to 0.5: 1

“NOTE — The above slopes are recommended for depth of cutting/height of embankment up to 6 m, For depth/height
in excess of the xbove, special studies for the stability of slopes me recommended.

4
 Is 10430:2000

soil shall govern the design of outer slopes giving provided on natural ground surface and adjacent to the
due consideration to stability of slopes for functional bank; however, the importance of providing adequate
service roads where they are needed should always be
situations (like moist conditions of fill, etc.) The need kept in view. The service road should be above normally
f~orintroduction of berms will also be kept in view encountered high flood level (HFL) with some free board.
where the fill height is in excess of 6 m. 3 Where the stability of the embarkment is required, wider
bank widths can be provided. Turting should be provided
8.2 Free Board
on the outer slopes.
Free board shall be measured from the full supply level 4 In hilly terrain where it is not possible to provide above
to the top of lining. Minimum free boards for various bank widths, the bank widths may be suitably reduced,
canal discharge tare given below: 5 When the bank widths are reduced on exceptional
ground, refuges after every 100 m should be provided for
Ccrnal Discharge Free Board passing mrd sheltering of opposing traffic.
More than 10 cumecs 0.75 m
Between 3 to 10 cumecs 0.60 m 8.5 Dowla (Dowel ‘Dwarf Bund’)

I to lcumecs 0.50 m Suitable dowels may be provided on the canal side of

Less than 1 cumec 0.30 m the service road, on one or both the banks depending
upon the type and size of the lined canal. From
Less than O.I cumec 0.15 m
economic consideration, dowels may be replaced by
(Water Course)
parapets particularly in case of high embankments,
However, the parapet should not be ccmsidered
8.3 Berm
additional free board. To check the ingress of rain water
In deep cut reaches of canals with discharge capacity behind the lining of the side slopes of the canals,
exceeding 10 cumccs, it is desirable to provide berms horizontal cement concrete coping 100 mm to
of 3 m to 5 m width on each side for stability, facility 150 mm thick, depending upon size of canal should
of maintenance, silt clearance, etc (see Fig. JC). In be provided at the top of lining. The width of coping
such sections, the inner sides above the berms may be at the top shall not be less than 225 mm for discharge
provided with turfing. up to ?Scumecs, 350 mni for discharge more than 3
cumecs and 550 mm for discharge more than 10
8.4 Bank Top Width
cumecs.
The width of the banks may vary according to the
8.6 Roadway and Drainage
importance and capacity of the canal. In case of
distributaries, service road should be provided on one Wherever additional spoil banks are to be provided
bank for inspection and maintenance purpose. on the land side of the embankment, -adequate drainage
However, in case of main and branch canals service channels shall be provided with suitable slope on the
road should be provided on both the banks. The roadway sloping away from the canal side. No rain
minimum values recommended for top width of the water shall be allowed to flow or percolate towards
bank are as follows: the canal slope behind the linings.

Discharge kfinimurn Bank Top Width 8.7 Typical Cross-Sections

(m’ls j ‘Inspection Bank/ Non Inspection ~ Typical cross-sections of the lined canals in cutting
Wider Bank Bank/Other Bank and filling are given in Fig. 1 and 2. Three typical
m m cross-sections of lined canals in rock cutting are shown
4.0 1.5 in Fig. 3. Depending upon the quality of rock, full
(). I5 t<; i.5
4.0 2.0 supply discharge, velocity, depth of flow and bed
1.5 (0 3.0
4.0 + dowel 2.5 width, similar arrangements may be adopted.
3.(I to 10.0
I0.() to 30.0 5.0 + dowel 4.0
8.8 Cross-Section, Discharge and Velocity
30.0 and above 6.0 + dowel 5.0
8.8.1 The cross-section of lined canal may be
NOTES
a) trapezoidal with or without rounded
1 B:mk widths gwen above may be altered when justified
corners (see Fig. 1). This section can be
by specific conditions.
used for all types of lined canals.
2 f+ distributary canals carrying less than 3.0 cumecs and
nunor camds, it is gcnemlly not economical to construct a b) cup shaped (see Fig. 2). It maybe used
service road on top of hank m this usually requires more
for distributaries/minors for discharge
materials than the excavation provides. In such cmes,
service rood suitably lowered below top of lining may be up to 3m3/s as far as possible.

5
IS 10430:2000

8.8.2 The discharge that can pass through a canal some types of lining are given below:
section is calculatedly
a) Stone-pitched lining 1.5 mls
Q=A x V,,w,n(m’/s)
b) Burnt clay tile or brick lining 1.8 mls
where
A = area ofcross-section inmz, and c) Cement concrete lining 2.7 mls

Y,,lc,n= mean velocity in m/s. 9 UNDER DRAINAGE

8.8.3 The mean velocity V,,,C.nis given by : 9.1 Embankments of relatively permeable soil do not
need drainage measures behind the lining. However,
R~20 S’n
v=,Iwull (m/s) the following conditions require suitable under drainage
n measures to be provided to protect the canal lining in
where accordance with IS 4558.

R, = hydraulic mean depth (= A/P) (m); i) Where the lined canal passes through an area
A = cross sectional area (m*); with seasonal ground water level higher likely
P = wetted perimeter (m); to be higher than the water level inside the canal,

S = longitudinal slope of water surface ii) Where sub grade is sufficiently impermeable to
(m/m); and prevent the free drainage of seepage or leakage
from the canal, and
n = rugosity coefficient as given in
Table 1. iii) Where there is built up pressure due to time lag
between drainage of the sub-grade following
8.8.4 The critical velocity ratio should be aimed at
drawdown of canal.
higher than unity or by any other method, it should be
ensured that silting will not take place in the lined 10 EXPANSIVE SOIL
canal.
10.1 In reaches of expansive soil where swelling
8.8.5 Limiting Velocities in Different Types of Lining pressure is more than 50 kN/m2 reference may be
The maximum permissible velocities for guidance for made to IS 9451.

6
 IS 10430:2000

S=l.5T01

LEFT

FULL SUPPLY LEVEL

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 1A NATURAL
GROUND BEmW BED

tWO ml.

—--QLLf’-l
r- F=’w””l r-+=2
rfa ~
Tot
FREE EOARD
I
FULL-SUPPLV .- ---
LEVEL
-1
~
=24-D
-D UNli REPREsENT
MSTRUCTIOMSEESUENCE
-==’=’$~
All dimensions in millimetres.
FIG.lB NATURALGROUNDBmwtm Bm ANDFUU SUPPLY LEVEL

- . ......... ...

I
‘=”~[ .+<W.BAN~l 3 mo
,-,

‘K !34mm
+,

-it-

LININGBED>

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG.lC NATURAL GROUND ISAVOVETOP OFLINING

7
 . .
-

1S 1043O:2OOO

S-![FL SD=

LEFT BANK S-l.S TO I SHAPED CANAL

-i

RIGHT EIANK

LINING

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 2A NATURAL GROUND
BELQW
BED

LEFT 32!+!<

OOTTED UNE.REPRESENT COMPACTED EARTH

CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

RIGHT BANK

COMPACTED -RTH

I DOmEO LINE REpRESENT -“

CONSTRUCTION SEOUENCE

All dimensions in millimetres.

Fm. 2B NATURAL
GROUND
BETWEEN
BEDANDFULLSUPPLY
LEVEL

8
.
-

S=l TO1

LlNlN5
—
RIGHT BANK

,LB:<tjM-m G,

r
~s
~OFCUP
-t-
SHAPED CANAL

OOUNOARY ROAO ~ lWU -

.-
-...”...
.“..-.

w- I
. LINING
1-’””+

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG.2C NATURAL GROUND ISAVOVEToP OFLINtNG

9
IS 10430:2000

0.s

20mm THICK P1A51F RING WIIH

1
l-l
CE’’c”’”o”’’n’”> W-1!

mG’ETE
REFILLING LQIO UNDER slOE OF LINwG WITH ROCK SPALLS ANO PRESSURE RELl~F VALVES
CHIPS AVAIIAFJLE.FROI.4 CANAL CUT TING(IVPI LEAN CEMENT 75 mm OIA IN FILTER pOCKEt~

20 mm lHICK CEMENT WASTE

d
WNH CEMENT MOI?lAR 1/.
300mm[THICI( RANDOM RUBFILE MASONRY IN CEMLNT MORIAR WITH ?0% REPLACEMENT OF

I i+?x
I:L MIX WITH )0% IKPLACEMEN1 OF CEMEN1 OY FLY ASH CEMENI BY FIY ASI+
AND EXPOSEO FACE iLASri RED Wll}~-20 mm THICK CEMENT

l:f~~$?:::’” \AsH \
MORTAR !:4 WITH 20m/. REPLACEMENT OF CEMENI

‘-
9Y FLY I 000 mm W$lrn
MANUALLY PACKEO
CONCRETE
ROCK

Q.kY ‘) ~PREs5uRE RELIEF VALVES 75mm O$AIN FILTER

POCKETS PROVIOED 41 10000 mm CK IN TWO
—OEO WIDTH ROWS 2000mm APAR1 STAGGEREO{lY%CAL1

REFILLING UR70 UNDER SIDE

OF LINING WITH SPALLS ANO PREssuRE RELIEF VALVES 75mm OIAIN FILIER POCKETS
CHIPS/LEAN CEMENT CONCRETE PRowOEO AT WOOOrwn cIC04 TWO!20WS 2000mm OETAIL Al A
AP4RI (sTAGGEREOI

SACAST-IN-51TU CEMENT CONCRETE LINING IN EEO ANO

RANOOM RUBBLE MASONRY LINING ON SIDES
20 mm lNICK PLASTER m
CEMEN1 MoRTAR 1:/.
po;,r;;tm:gp
}00 mm THICK COPING ICEMENI “00\+6,0,p20,/g#~#~:~EN,
22s CONCREIE M 100 \

20 mm THICK PLASJER
WlrH CEMENT MORTAR I:L F:%”& O%’:R5%s
‘~EE
BoARD R7..n -.” r.,..
. .UAILABLE FRoM
. -.,

I’&i ———_— —-— ___ H C~N&; CUT,,N G LE AN/CEMENl

en.,. .,C ,.”

‘b’F’YaPR;;;;;:; ““L

ILTER MATERIAL
‘!lg Lloo mm ,HICK ~EME~
~~&:rE L,NlNGOA450%,$rnm AV;17AGE
22s k! FOUNOATI
POROUS CONCRETE
CONCRETE
PREssuRE BELIEF VALVES 75 mm OIA IN FILTER
POCKErS PRovIOEO AT I 000 mm C/C IN TWO
ROWS Al ENDS OF EiEO ISIAGGEREOI 3C
.-.-,.
CAST-IN-SITU
... - -. .,----
CEMENT CONCRETE (M-150J LINING IN
❑ CI.I .6NLI NANUUM IQUEIE2LE MAsONRY t.lwuo ON SIOES
39 cAsT-lw-slTu CEMENTcONcREIE IM-150) LINING IN
‘BEO ANb RANOOM RUC3BLE MASONRY I NJINC, nN c!ncc

NOTES
1 In case of sound rock, cement concrete lining may be provided in bed and sides.
On sides, the lining may be anchored suitably to the rock behind.
2 All the dimensions are in millimetres unless otherwise specified.

FIG.3 TYPICAL
CROSS-SECTIONS
OFLINEDCANALSENRWK CUTTING

10
 IS 10430:2000

ANNEX A
(Clause 7.2)
ECONOIWCS OF CANAL LINING

A-1 NOTATIONS x= Percent rate of interest per year.

A-1.l For the purpose of analysis for determining the a= Total annual benefits resulting from the
maximum rate of expenditure on lining that is lining of canals.
economically justifiable, the following notations A-2 METHOD
should apply:
A-2.1 The annual value of
c: Cost of lining in rupees per square metre water lost by seepage
including the additional cost of dressing from the unlined section = pLsd Wrupees
the banks for lining.
The annual saving by
c’ : Saving in the land, earthwork and struc- lining in value of
tures (bridges, cross drainage works, etc) water otherwise lost
due to reduced section on account of by seepage if unlined =(pLsdW-PL&iW)Rs
lining, in rupees. ={ Ldw(ps-Ps))Rs
Total annual benefits
s and s Seepage losses in unlined and lined canal
resulting from the
respectively in cubic metres per square
lining of canals, a = {Ldw (p-Ps)
metre of wetted surfaceper day.
+B+M} Rs ....(1)
p and P Wetted perimeter in metres of unlined and
A-2.1.1 Additional capital expenditure on
lined sections respectively.
construction of lined canal = Rs TLC C’. If the
T= Total perimeter of lining in metres. prevalent rate of interest is X, the net present worth
(NPW) of the total annual benefits a, over the life of
d = Number of running days of the canal per
the canal (Y years) is determined from the following
year.
formula:
w= Value of water saved in rupees per cum.
(l+x)’ --l
L= Length of the canal in metres. NPW= a .........(2)
X(l+x)y
Y = Life of the canal in years.
For the lining to be economically feasible the
M= Annual saving in rupees in operation and additional initial cost of the lined canal should be
maintenance due to lining. equal to or less than Net Present Worth of savirrgs.
B= Annual estimated value in rupees of other that is, TLC– Cs NPW
benefit for the length of canal under consi-
NOTE—in the above analysis it may be noted -that the
deration. These will include prevention of actual evaluation of benefits grouped under item B and.
water logging, reduced cost of drainage for M is very difficult to ascertain particularly on a new
adjoining lands, reduced risk of breaching, project. It can only be approximately estimated on the
basis of experience on similar existing projects.
etc.

11
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Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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 AMENDMENT
NO. 1 AUGUST 2005
TO
IS 10430:2000 CRITERJA FOR DESIGN OF
LINED CANALS AND GUIDANCE FOR SELECTION OF
TYPE OF LINING
(First Revision)

[ Page 1, clause 3(r)] — Substitute the following for the existing

‘r) Availability of suitable construction material within economic leads,

such as:
1) Cement of requisite quali~,
2) Building lime of requisite class
3) Flyash for use as POZZOW,
4) Suitable clay for manufacture of ealcined clay pozzol~,
5) Coarse and fme aggregates
6) Soil of suitable qualig for manufacture of burnt clay tileshicb,
7) Pulverized fuel ash-lime and/or clay flyash building bricks; and
8) Stones of required size and quality.’
[ Page 3, clause 6(a)] — Substitute the following for the existing
‘a) Rigid Lining
1) Stone-pitched lining,
2) Burnt clay tile or brick lining
3) Burnt bricks or pulverized fuel ash-lime bricks or burnt clay
flyash building bricks lining;
4) Precast cement concrete/stone slab lining,
5) Cement concrete tile lining
6) In situ cementllime concrete lining
7) Stone masonry lining
8) Soil cement/soil cement and flyash lining,
9) Shotcrete lining
10) Ferrocement lining and
11) Asphalt.ic cement concrete lining.’
 Amend No. 1 to IS 10430:2000

[ Page 4, clause 6(b)(1)] — Substitute the following for the existing

‘ 1) Geomembrane like High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polvinyl

chloride (PVC), LOW Density Polyethylene (LDPE) with cover
comprising layer of bentonite with adequate earthhmt clay tile brick
or pulverized fiel ash-lime brick or burnt clay flyash building
brick/precast cement concrete.’

(WRD 13)
Reprography Unit BIS, New Delh~ Indii

.4