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Exam 5 June 2020, questions

Power Systems (University of South Africa)

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UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS

May/June 2020

EPE3701

Power Engineering Systems

100 Marks
3 Hours

Use of a non-programmable calculator is permissible.

This is a closed book examination
This paper consists of 4 pages including this cover page.
Answer all questions.

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MAY/JUNE 2020

PLEASE NOTE: IF YOU HAVE THE OPINION THAT INSUFFICIENT INFORMATION IS

SUPPLIED FOR YOU TO ANSWER A PARTICULAR QUESTION, MAKE A REALISTIC
ASSUMPTION, MOTIVATE IT AND THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION.

Question 1
1.1 The voltage 𝑣(𝑡) = 100 cos(200𝑡) is applied to an inductive load with
impedance Z = 1.25∠60° Ω.

Figure 1

1.1.1 Determine the expression for the instantaneous current 𝑖(𝑡). (4)
1.1.2 Determine the expression for the instantaneous power 𝑝(𝑡). (2)
1.1.3 Calculate the complex power absorbed by the load, and the power factor. (4)

1.2 Show that the equivalent per-unit leakage impedance of a transformer is

the same whether it is referred to the primary (as Zeq1p.u. ) or secondary side
(as Zeq2p.u. ) so long as the voltage bases on the two sides (i.e. primary and
secondary) are in the ratio of transformation.
Note: The values of Sbase , Vbase1 and Vbase2 are from transformer ratings.

Transformer volt-ampere rating: Sbase

Primary voltage: Vbase1
Secondary voltage: Vbase2
Transformer leakage impedance referred to the primary side: Zeq1
Transformer leakage impedance referred to the secondary side: Zeq2
Primary side base impedance: Zbase1
Secondary side base impedance: Zbase2

You are required to show that Zeq1p.u. = Zeq2p.u. (10)

[20]

[TURN OVER]

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Question 2
2.1 A 2 km long transmission-line cable consists of 19 identical strands of
copper, each 1.5 mm in diameter. The actual length of the conductor is
increased by 5%, due to the twist of the strands. The resistivity of copper
strand at 20℃ is 1.72 𝜇Ω-cm. Find the 20℃ ac resistance of the cable. (5)

2.2 Figure 2 shows the conductor configuration of a completely transposed

three-phase 500 kV overhead transmission line with a bundling
arrangement of two conductors per phase. All conductors have a radius of
15 mm with a 0.5 m bundle spacing. Each conductor carries 50% of the
phase current.

Figure 2

2.2.1 Determine the inductance per phase in mH/km. (9)

2.2.2 Find the inductive line reactance per phase in Ω/km at 50 Hz. (2)
2.2.3 Calculate the line-to-neutral capacitance in nF/km per phase at 50 Hz (5)

2.3 The ABCD parameters of a 345 kV, three-phase overhead transmission line
are:
𝐴 = 𝐷 = 0.98182 + 𝑗0.0012447
𝐵 = 4.035 + 𝑗58.947
𝐶 = 𝑗0.00061137
The line delivers 400 MVA at 0.8 power factor lagging at 345 kV. Assume
the receiving end voltage as reference i.e. 𝑉 = 345 ∠0° kV.
2.3.1 Calculate the sending end voltage and current. (8)
2.3.2 Find the sending end real and reactive power. (2)
2.3.3 Compute the percentage voltage regulation. (2)
2.3.4 Determine the transmission line efficiency. (2)
[35]

[TURN OVER]

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Question 3
3.1

Figure 3

Figure 3 shows the one-line diagram of a simple three-bus power system.

Line reactances (impedances) and loads are shown in the figure. Bus 1 is
the slack bus, bus 2 is the load bus and, bus 3 is the voltage controlled bus.
3.1.1 Determine the 𝑌bus by inspection. (6)
3.1.2 Using the Gauss-Seidel iterative method and initial estimate of
( )
𝑉 = 1.0 + 𝑗0 , determine the bus voltages 𝑉 and 𝑉 at buses 2 and 3.
Perform two iterations. (24)
[30]

Question 4
4.1 A three-phase 600 MVA, 50 Hz steam turbine-generator has a regulation
constant 𝑅 of 0.05 per unit on a 600 MVA base. Assuming a fixed reference
power setting, what is the decrease in turbine mechanical power output if
the generator frequency increases by 0.01 Hz in steady state. (5)
[5]

Question 5
5.1 A three-phase, 600 MVA, 50 Hz, 11.8 kV, 4-pole steam turbine-generating
unit has an 𝐻 constant of 5 p.u.-s.
5.1.1 Determine 𝜔syn and 𝜔 syn. (4)
5.1.2 Calculate the kinetic energy in joules stored in the rotating masses at
synchronous speed. (2)
5.1.3 Determine the mechanical angular acceleration 𝛼 and electrical angular
acceleration 𝛼 if the unit is operating at synchronous speed with an
acceleration power of 600 MW. (4)
[10]

Total Marks for Exam: [100]

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