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    Report Bone Healing

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    Kang Mon
    Bone healing occurs through either primary (direct) healing or secondary (indirect) healing. Primary healing involves fixing bony fragments together under compression without callus formation, allowing osteoclast and osteoblast activity to join the ends. Secondary healing is more common and involves both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation to create a soft callus that is later replaced with solid bone. The phases of bone healing are inflammation, repair over 2-3 weeks through cartilage and tissue callus formation, and remodeling as solid bone replaces spongy bone to complete the healing process.

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    Report Bone Healing

    Uploaded by

    Kang Mon
    4 views3 pages
    Bone healing occurs through either primary (direct) healing or secondary (indirect) healing. Primary healing involves fixing bony fragments together under compression without callus formation, allowing osteoclast and osteoblast activity to join the ends. Secondary healing is more common and involves both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation to create a soft callus that is later replaced with solid bone. The phases of bone healing are inflammation, repair over 2-3 weeks through cartilage and tissue callus formation, and remodeling as solid bone replaces spongy bone to complete the healing process.

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    Report about Bone Healing

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    Bone healing occurs through either primary (direct) healing or secondary (indirect) healing. Primary healing involves fixing bony fragments together under compression without callus formation, allowing osteoclast and osteoblast activity to join the ends. Secondary healing is more common and involves both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation to create a soft callus that is later replaced with solid bone. The phases of bone healing are inflammation, repair over 2-3 weeks through cartilage and tissue callus formation, and remodeling as solid bone replaces spongy bone to complete the healing process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views3 pages

    Report Bone Healing

    Uploaded by

    Kang Mon
    Bone healing occurs through either primary (direct) healing or secondary (indirect) healing. Primary healing involves fixing bony fragments together under compression without callus formation, allowing osteoclast and osteoblast activity to join the ends. Secondary healing is more common and involves both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation to create a soft callus that is later replaced with solid bone. The phases of bone healing are inflammation, repair over 2-3 weeks through cartilage and tissue callus formation, and remodeling as solid bone replaces spongy bone to complete the healing process.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    Definition

    Bone healing is a complex regenerative process that can be classified into primary
    (direct) and secondary (indirect) bone healing.

    1. Primary Healing
    - When the bony fragments are fixed together with compression. There is no callus
    formation. The bony ends are joined and healed by osteoclast and osteoblast activity
    + This occurs when the bony fragments are fixed together with compression. There is
    no callus formation. The bony ends are joined and healed by osteoclast and osteoblast
    activity.
    + Primary healing requires a correct anatomical reduction which is stable, without any
    gap formation.
    + Contact healing can occur when the gap between the bone ends is less than 0.01
    mm, and interfragmentary strain is less than 2%.
    + Gap healing can occur if the fracture gap is 800 μm to 1 mm.
    2. Secondary Healing
    + This is more common than direct healing and involves both endochondral and
    intramembranous bone healing1.
    + Anatomical reduction and stable conditions are not required for indirect healing to
    occur.
    + There is a small amount of motion and weight-bearing at the fracture, which causes a
    soft callus to form, leading on to secondary bone formation.
    + It should be noted though that too much load/movement can result in delayed healing
    or non-union.
    + Secondary healing is the most common form of bone healing.
    3. Phase of bone healing

    1. The inflammatory phase


    - The inflammatory phase, also called fracture hematoma formation, is the first
    stage of healing that occurs immediately after the injury.
    - Approximately 48 hours after the injury, blood vessels torn by the fracture release
    blood. This blood starts to clot and forms a fracture hematoma. Because of the
    disruption of blood flow to the bone, some bone cells around the fracture die.
    This inflammatory stage ends approximately one week after the fracture.
    2. The repairing phase
    - The repairing or reparative phase begins within the first few days after the bone
    fracture and lasts for about 2 – 3 weeks. During this time, the body develops
    cartilage and tissue in and around the fracture site.
    - The tissue forms a soft collar at the broken ends of the bones, and the tissue
    grows until the two ends meet. These growths are known as calluses, and their
    purpose is to stabilize the fracture. Over the following weeks, a bony callus made
    of spongy bone called trabecular bone will replace the tissue callus.
    3. Bone remodeling
    - The remodeling phase is the final phase in fracture healing.
    - At this stage, solid bone replaces spongy bone, completing the healing process.
    Sometimes, the outer surface of the bone remains slightly swollen for some time,
    which should resolve on its own.

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