Writing a literature review, especially on a complex and multifaceted topic like smart cities, can be

an exceptionally challenging task. This complexity arises not only from the interdisciplinary nature of
smart cities, which encompass aspects of urban planning, information technology, sustainability, and
governance, but also from the rapid pace at which technology and urban policies evolve. Conducting
a thorough literature review requires an exhaustive search through academic journals, conference
proceedings, and other scholarly sources to identify relevant research. Additionally, the researcher
must critically analyze and synthesize the findings of these studies to present a coherent overview of
the current state of knowledge in the field.

One of the primary challenges in writing a literature review on smart cities is the sheer volume of
available literature. As smart cities are a topic of growing interest among researchers, policymakers,
and industry practitioners, new studies are published at a fast pace, making it difficult to ensure that
a literature review is comprehensive and up-to-date. Furthermore, the interdisciplinary nature of the
topic means that relevant research may be published in a wide range of academic disciplines,
requiring researchers to be familiar with multiple fields of study.

Another significant challenge is the need to critically evaluate the quality and relevance of the
identified studies. Not all research is of equal merit, and it is crucial to distinguish between high-
quality, rigorous studies and those that may have methodological flaws or biases. This evaluation
requires a deep understanding of research methodologies and the ability to critically assess the
strengths and limitations of different approaches.

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This platform provides access to experienced writers who specialize in a wide range of disciplines
and are adept at navigating the complexities of academic research. By opting for professional
assistance, researchers can ensure that their literature review is not only thorough and up-to-date but
also critically engages with the material in a way that adds value to the field of study. Whether for
academic, policy, or industry purposes, a well-crafted literature review is an indispensable tool in
advancing our understanding of smart cities and guiding future research and development efforts.
With the significant worldwide investments made by governments and the private sector in smart
city projects, there is a growing need for systematic research on the current state of smart city
research and applications. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine
(JOHBM). In addition, these solutions are designed to address specific challenges such as traffic
congestion, air pollution, and public safety concerns. The following subsections provide overview of
each theme. Table 1. Themes in smart cities research Full size table. The empty rhetoric of the smart
city: From digital inclusion to economic promotion in Philadelphia. This new reality of smart cities
would be associated with encouraging the involvement of numerous suppliers. The system calculates
Air Quality Index, Thermal Comfort Index and Traffic Index. First is fog computing which will help
to reduce latency response to anomalous and hazardous events in real time. Addressing these
potential drawbacks requires careful planning, stakeholder engagement, and ongoing evaluation and
monitoring to ensure that the benefits are maximized and negative impacts are minimized. 3.8. Smart
City Solutions in International Contexts The implementation of smart city solutions in various
international contexts has been an emerging global phenomenon. Smart cities integrate multiple
domains, including transportation, energy, health, education, and governance, to create an
interconnected and intelligent urban environment. The systematic review aimed to investigate the
current state of smart cities, examining their definition, budget allocation, applications, quantitative
techniques, metrics, benefits, advantages and disadvantages, root causes for implementation
challenges, and solutions employed by cities to overcome those challenges. Remote monitoring
devices allow patients to track their health conditions and receive timely alerts when intervention is
required. We have explored the current state of smart cities, their applications, and the challenges
involved in their implementation. The study also defined ordinances specifying the standards for the
exact size and location of the easement and indicating limitations on buildings or structures that
could prevent the passage of light through it. By analyzing data from traffic sensors and GPS
devices, smart city applications can also provide drivers with real-time information about traffic
conditions, suggesting alternative routes and modes of transportation to avoid congestion. IBM’s
smart city as techno-utopian policy mobility. ICT environment on Economic, Social Implications;
Developing E-Government. Addressing these potential drawbacks requires careful planning,
stakeholder engagement, and ongoing evaluation and monitoring. By integrating various
technologies and systems, cities can create a more cohesive and interconnected infrastructure,
enhancing their ability to respond to various challenges and providing a more seamless experience for
residents. Smart waste management uses IoT devices and sensors to monitor and manage waste
collection and disposal, reducing the environmental impact of waste. 3.3.4. Transportation Smart
applications in transportation aim to improve mobility, safety, and efficiency. Learning cities: the new
recipe in regional development. For more information on the journal statistics, click here. It allows to
scavenge solar and wind energies by installing these nanogenerators on the roofs of the city
buildings. In general, a block chain makes it possible to transmit information in a forgery-proof
manner using a decentralized database shared by many participants, so that copies are impossible.
Infrastructure and Workflow for the Formal Evaluation of Semantic Search Tech. Word cloud and
Google Scholar trend index for smart infrastructure. Challenges in Implementing Smart City
Solutions Categorized into Three Domains. The proposed model was successfully tested using data
from Madrid. This will simulate novel energy policies at district level and provide optimization of the
energy usage. Table 3 shows the major advantages and disadvantages of smart cities.
A type of city that uses new technologies to make them more. This is evidenced by the growing
number of research outputs within academic journals, books and conference proceedings. This
research can have a significant impact on the development of smart city initiatives by guiding
stakeholders toward a shared understanding of a smart city. 3.2. Budget Allocation for Smart
Cities—What We Know and What We Do Not Know In the structured literature review, we were
unable to find any concrete information on budget allocation for smart cities research, development,
and procurement. Furthermore, the authors analyze real projects that utilise big data and real-time
analytics, such as Dublinked that provides operational data from Dublin. The most influential
papers, that is, those with the highest number of citations, cover a broad range of topics. It aims at
increasing citizens’ quality of life, and. By providing a clear definition of a smart city, this research
can help guide policymakers, city planners, and stakeholders in developing and implementing smart
city initiatives that are consistent with the goals of improving urban life and promoting sustainability.
In 2050, the number of people living in cities will be almost as large as the world’s entire population
today. Table 3 shows the major advantages and disadvantages of smart cities. Final integrated
study—Social learning in the public sector, University of Namur. This can lead to greater
convenience, reduced commuting times, and improved overall well-being for residents. Community
meetings can also help build trust between residents and city officials, which is crucial for the
success of any smart city initiative. By acknowledging the limitations of our study and suggesting
future research directions, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of the financial aspects of
smart cities and their potential impacts. 3.3. Smart City Applications In recent years, the
proliferation of smart applications has revolutionized the way we live and work. Most of the
proposed systems to monitor the environment are not publicly available and require expert
knowledge to use and understand them. Number of smart city articles per year at Google Scholar.
Nowadays, most of our devices and phones use digital networks to communicate with each other.
The advocated benefits of smart city initiatives include improved efficiency, increased sustainability,
enhanced public safety, and better quality of life. As a result, it can be generalised and used in other
cities. This experiences might be including the livable or the environment friendly cities which
encompasses the sustainability along with the living qualities of the people. It's like a masterclass to
be explored at your own pace. All the definitions used to create the word cloud and frequency plot
are shown below in Table 2. Advances in education management and technology—analytics, early
warning. The authors see smart economy as a vital component of a smart city. For instance, the
implementation of energy-efficient technologies can lead to reduced energy bills for citizens and
reduce the operating costs of public facilities. Data collection in smart cities is possible by employing
sensors. Adobe InDesign Design pixel-perfect content like flyers, magazines and more with Adobe
InDesign. In addition to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of public services, smart city
technology can also increase citizen participation by providing new channels for engagement and
communication between citizens and their government. Smart City will be able to bring together
technology, information, and political vision into. European Journal of Investigation in Health,
Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). For example, high implementation costs may be balanced by
the potential for enhanced economic growth, while increased privacy and security concerns may be
balanced by improved efficiency.
Successful smart city initiatives involve partnerships and collaborations between different
stakeholders, including government agencies, private sector organizations, and citizens. Smart
sustainability uses commodities and resources in an efficient and responsible way. Learning analytics
use data analysis techniques to identify patterns in student performance and provide insights to
teachers, improving their ability to provide targeted support. 3.3.9. Summary Smart applications are
transforming the way we live and work with their deployment across various domains, including
healthcare, governance, environment, transportation, energy, safety and security, infrastructure, and
education. More Features Connections Canva Create professional content with Canva, including
presentations, catalogs, and more. This includes environmental sustainability and resource
management. Finally, Section 8 summarizes our paper and proposes directions for further research. 2.
Categorization of Smart City Literature This section analyzes the existing literature on the term
“smart city”, both by examining its historical relevance and by classifying the top 200 Google
Scholar publications into the most important research streams. In contrast to existing review
literature, we apply data-driven methods from the fields time series forecasting and natural language
processing. Figure 8 lists the most comment metrics we found in the literature. Harsha Kestur Smart
Cities Smart Cities GAURAV. H.TANDON More Related Content What's hot Smart City Mission
Smart City Mission Naman Markan The Evolution of Smart Cities and Connected Communities The
Evolution of Smart Cities and Connected Communities UPS Longitudes Smart Cities and E-
governance Smart Cities and E-governance steveking1225 Smart city Smart city Prajwal Aradhya S
Smart city Smart city Muhammad Umer Riaz Smart Cities - Models Projects Innovation. The review
covers various studies and research conducted by authors and researchers in the field of smart cities.
This model can help to predict pollution levels and to establish thresholds and action plans for local
authorities and industries. In order to obtain more reliable results the study aims to employ the fuzzy
clustering algorithm of the Mahout library in the future research. This approach ensures that smart
city projects are not only economically viable but also socially and environmentally sustainable.
Smart City by using six characteristics in which such a city “performs in a forward-. Challenges in
Implementing Smart City Solutions Categorized into Three Domains. There is a much stronger focus
on modern technologies and smartness in the smart city frameworks compared to urban sustainability
frameworks. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without
javascript enabled. Section 2 applies quantitative methods to categorize the most important smart
city literature into the identified streams. In Section 3, we review smart infrastructure which aims to
intelligently connect buildings and environments. European Journal of Investigation in Health,
Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). The 83 papers were written by 261 different authors. Smart
city solutions are tailored to meet the specific requirements and needs of local communities while
promoting sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life for residents. What type of
smart city applications are currently being deployed. Metrics: In our literature survey, the following
metrics emerged as key factors in prioritizing and selecting smart city projects: Quality of Life (QoL):
This metric measures the well-being of citizens in terms of health, safety, education, and other factors
that contribute to their overall quality of life. Number of smart city articles per year at Google
Scholar. These applications are powered by emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things
(IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and big data. Addressing these potential drawbacks requires careful
planning, stakeholder engagement, and ongoing evaluation and monitoring. Web of Science was used
on three of the papers, and Google Scholar on one. Articles Get discovered by sharing your best
content as bite-sized articles. The calculation of Locational Marginal Prices is mandatory as prices
vary by location in case of congestion. For instance, cities can partner with technology companies to
develop smart transportation solutions that improve traffic flow and reduce congestion. World Cloud
Generated Using Compiled List of Smart City Definitions.
Partnerships and Collaboration are also critical strategies that can be employed to overcome
challenges in implementing smart city initiatives. The table below also indicates which literature was
reviewed in the full-text analysis. Therefore, this study is the first step to deep explore other research
dimensions aiming to clearly design the contents and the boundaries of Smart City and Digital City
idea. The study proposed a simulation model based on System Dynamic applied to a medium-sized
Italian city. By analyzing the outcomes of their initiatives, cities can determine their effectiveness,
identify areas for improvement, and make informed decisions about future smart city projects. Smart
surveillance systems use AI and machine learning algorithms to monitor public spaces and detect
suspicious behavior, reduce crime, and increase safety. Adobe Express Go from Adobe Express
creation to Issuu publication. Challenges in Implementing Smart City Solutions Categorized into
Three Domains. In the following decades, research in this area was still restrained, with
approximately 5000 contributions annually. Do you Know How Many PDF Documents Exist in the
World. ITS uses IoT devices and sensors to monitor traffic and manage traffic flow, reducing
congestion and improving safety. Thus, it is important to propose solutions for these countries.
Research in the smart technology space is often conducted with focus on “digital”, “device(s)” and
“phone(s)” (see Figure 6 ). Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed). Funding We are
grateful to the “Open Access Publikationsfonds”, which has covered 75 percent of the publication
fees. They have been deployed across various domains, including healthcare, governance,
environment, transportation, energy, safety and security, infrastructure, and education, to address
complex challenges and improve the quality of life for individuals and communities ( Figure 6 ). As
a result, it is important to develop a model which can predict values of interest in order to control air
quality. Retaining and attracting talent and promoting creativity. In general, Google tries to
understand what a page is about by analyzing and cataloging the content of a page. Smart City
Strategy - The Entrance v2 Smart City Strategy - The Entrance v2 Case Study on Smart City Case
Study on Smart City What is Smart City. Smart economy can be described as the use of ICTs in
companies’ activities, new smart business processes, and a smart technology sectors. Successful
smart city initiatives involve partnerships and collaborations between different stakeholders,
including government agencies, private sector organizations, and citizens. The bubbles, all small to
medium-sized, are relatively far away from the center smart city. Conflicts of Interest The authors
declare no conflict of interest. Appendix A. Weights of the Word Clouds. Smart cities offer a
potential solution to this challenge by leveraging technology to improve quality of life, sustainability,
economic competitiveness, and government performance. Collaboration with citizens can also lead to
the co-creation of solutions that reflect the needs and preferences of the community. Obtained results
demonstrate the importance of a holistic view of urban energy process. By doing so, cities can
overcome these challenges and create a more sustainable and livable future for all citizens. 3.10.
Strategies and Solutions Employed by Cities to Meet the Challenges The implementation of smart
city initiatives is often fraught with challenges that can impede progress. Word cloud and Google
Scholar trend index for smart infrastructure. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health (IJERPH).
Thus, they investigated the joint optimization of uplink subcarrier assignment (SA) and power
allocation (PA) in D2D underlying cellular networks. The proposed framework can provide a
simulation platform for detailed study of power system. Gracias JS, Parnell GS, Specking E, Pohl
EA, Buchanan R. After, to demonstrate the applicability of this model the study used two real-word
scenarios. Smart utopia vs smart reality: Learning by experience from 10 smart city cases. Next
Article in Journal Social Entrepreneurship as a Form of Cross-Border Cooperation: Complementarity
in EU Border Regions. Embed Host your publication on your website or blog with just a few clicks.
As a result a simplified architecture is presented, which consists of three interconnected layers, the
intelligence layer, the communication layer and the infrastructure layer. Digital-city strategies provide
new ways for governments, municipal authorities, and. It will help to guide local administrators and
technicians and limit discretionary power of bureaucracy. Surprisingly, “material” and “sensing”,
which made the emergence of smart technology possible in the first place, play only a subordinated
role in smart technology articles. Financial and legal challenges are also major factors that hinder
smart city implementation. By adopting a comprehensive approach that takes into account the full
range of urban challenges, cities can create smart city initiatives that are both effective and
sustainable over the long term. 3.11.6. Smart Cities Are Ongoing Processes It is important to note
that creating a smart city is an ongoing process that requires continuous evaluation and improvement.
Learning cities: the new recipe in regional development. Future research can focus of simulation of
more complex areas such as street canyons. However, there are also costs associated with smart city
projects, including financial investments, potential loss of privacy, data security and access concerns,
and the potential for unintended consequences such as increased social inequality. This new concept
of smart cities are beyond the definition of digital cities, information cities and the intelligent cities.
The platform is transparent and user friendly which can be used by non-technical staff, such as
politicians. Notably, “education”, “culture”, “school” are also common topics that are discussed in
smart health. “Nation”, “society”, and “public” are on place sixth to eight. The paper explains the
distinct coverage of smart initiatives with a regression analysis that considers a variety of different
economic and environmental regressors, such as GDP per capital and CO2 emissions. From 2010
onwards, the growth in publications related to smart technology was even stronger than in smart city.
We conclude the study with key takeaways and recommendations for future research in the field of
smart cities. 2. Methodology The first step in our literature review was to formulate the research
questions, which we used to shape the scope of the study and guide the review process. Sustainable
initiatives can also lead to cost savings for cities and citizens. Work closely with the private sector to
educate them on stakeholder roles. A total of 5 papers were conference proceedings, and the
remaining 78 papers were articles published in 56 different journals. The study plans to apply the
proposed energy optimization tool to the micro-energy grid system in the future. Partnerships and
Collaboration are also critical strategies that can be employed to overcome challenges in
implementing smart city initiatives. Add Links Send readers directly to specific items or pages with
shopping and web links. It can be reached by including renewable resources and green ICT systems
which help to achieve greater energy efficiency. Smart cities use advanced technologies and data
analytics to improve the quality of life for their citizens, increase the efficiency of infrastructure and
services, and promote sustainable economic growth.
By integrating various technologies and systems, cities can create a more cohesive and
interconnected infrastructure, enhancing their ability to respond to various challenges and providing
a more seamless experience for residents. Adobe Express Go from Adobe Express creation to Issuu
publication. Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI
journals from around the world. Engaging citizens in the planning and implementation of smart city
initiatives can help ensure that these initiatives are tailored to the needs of the community and that
everyone’s voice is heard. Social and economic globalization is making the world 'more uniform', and
cities are. Lastly, the category of Technology and Infrastructure is crucial for the success of smart
city initiatives. The results obtained from the literary review show that intelligent cities are based on
a model with different dimensions according to the conditions of the same, the implementation of
such models tend in the future to generate characteristics such as social openness, stable economy,
low unemployment rates, promote equality among citizens. For more information on the journal
statistics, click here. Mukesh Kumar Mishra is Secretary General of KRITYANAND UNESCO
CLUB, Jamshedpur. The. During the screening process, duplicates were eliminated, and any papers
that were unavailable in full text online were also excluded. Smart city solutions can address various
challenges, such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and public safety concerns. This can help to
build trust and enhance collaboration between citizens and their government, improving the overall
quality of life in the city. 3.3.3. Environment Smart applications in the environment aim to address
the pressing challenges of climate change and environmental degradation. The prioritization and
selection of smart city projects depend on multiple factors, including the specific needs of the city,
available resources, and political priorities. On the one hand, the manuscript considers citizens’
awareness of smart applications and solutions and, on the other hand, their ability to use these
applications and solutions. E- Democracy by Citizen Participation and Electronic voting. It improves
the health of a city’s citizenry by reducing. The number inside corresponds to the respective one in
the bibliography. What was the budget allocation for smart cities research, development, and
procurement. Gonzalez, M.C.; Hidalgo, C.A.; Barabasi, A.L. Understanding individual human
mobility patterns. Traditionally, a Smart City has been defined as a city that uses information and.
All the definitions used to create the word cloud and frequency plot are shown below in Table 2.
Finally, the author elaborates the common features as well as the significant differences. Paper
should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an
outlook for. Smart City Strategy - The Entrance v2 Smart City Strategy - The Entrance v2 Case
Study on Smart City Case Study on Smart City What is Smart City. Cities must be mindful of their
budget constraints and prioritize investments that offer the greatest return on investment. Please let us
know what you think of our products and services. In the second step, the streams are discussed in
detail, that is, we (i) create a word cloud representing the most important keywords, (ii) perform a
deep-dive analysis of the main contributions, and (iii) apply time series methodologies to evaluate the
past and future relevance of the research area. More and more driverless trains are travelling through
Europe’s cities. These. The development of Smart Cities requires a pragmatic approach to. Using
multiple keywords was necessary to limit the number of articles identified, as a single keyword
generated too many results to review.
As urbanization continues to grow, it is imperative that cities adopt smart technologies and embrace
the lessons learned to create a brighter, more sustainable future for all. However, data obtaining
through sensors can have errors. In the following years, the number of published articles for smart
infrastructure grew substantially stronger than for smart city, resulting in a divergence in the number
of articles. It improves the health of a city’s citizenry by reducing. Thus, the framework can be used
in a simulation platform for analysing power system operation in smart cities. Smart Governance:
Adopting global best practices to advocate changes in India. The integration of technology and data-
driven solutions in smart cities has the potential to revolutionize urban living by providing citizens
with personalized and accessible services. Smart cities represent a promising avenue for urban
development. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( ). As the world becomes increasingly
instrumented, interconnected and intelligent. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications
(JLPEA). Demand side management via prosumer interactions in a smart city energy marketplace. It
will help to deal with issues such as susceptibility of failure, critical situations and restoration
scheme by adding renewable energy resources. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal
uses article numbers instead of page numbers. Feature papers represent the most advanced research
with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature. However, with limited resources,
how can city leaders prioritize and select smart city projects that will deliver the most impact.
Managed through a central repository, buildings fit with smart sensors and. Community meetings
can also help build trust between residents and city officials, which is crucial for the success of any
smart city initiative. Investing in capacity-building programs aimed at upskilling local workforces
and empowering them to participate in the development and implementation of smart city solutions
can also facilitate progress. It will help to guide local administrators and technicians and limit
discretionary power of bureaucracy. V. Quality of Life - Smart Living is to compile several aspects
that substantially improve. Sustainable initiatives can also improve the quality of life for citizens by
reducing pollution levels and promoting healthier lifestyles. 3.11.5. Technology Is Not a Silver Bullet
While technology is undoubtedly a crucial component of smart cities, it is important to recognize
that it is not a silver bullet that can solve all urban problems. Cities must balance their technological
solutions with other considerations, such as budget constraints, citizen privacy, and cybersecurity
concerns. We may carefully conclude that this manuscript covers several topics, including smart
health. This can include initiatives such as green buildings, renewable energy sources, and
sustainable transportation options. It will help policymakers to accomplish their goals. We have tried
to write our findings to be clear and concise. Smart cities infrastructure provides information about
air quality using data from low-cost sensors, which can report information in a timely and accurate
manner. Challenges in Implementing Smart City Solutions Categorized into Three Domains. Along
with this the other main constituents are the smart economy, smart environment, smart people, smart
mobility and many more. Social media is another powerful tool for citizen engagement in smart cities.