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    Etiology MS

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    VIAH ANGELA CAASI
    The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown but it is considered an immune-mediated disease where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Specifically, the immune system malfunctions and destroys the fatty myelin sheath that coats and protects nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Potential predisposing factors include age, sex, and race. While potential precipitating factors include viral infections, stress, physical trauma or injury, and certain medications.

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    Etiology MS

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    VIAH ANGELA CAASI
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    The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown but it is considered an immune-mediated disease where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Specifically, the immune system malfunctions and destroys the fatty myelin sheath that coats and protects nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Potential predisposing factors include age, sex, and race. While potential precipitating factors include viral infections, stress, physical trauma or injury, and certain medications.

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    ETIOLOGY MS

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    The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown but it is considered an immune-mediated disease where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Specifically, the immune system malfunctions and destroys the fatty myelin sheath that coats and protects nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Potential predisposing factors include age, sex, and race. While potential precipitating factors include viral infections, stress, physical trauma or injury, and certain medications.

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    11 views3 pages

    Etiology MS

    Uploaded by

    VIAH ANGELA CAASI
    The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown but it is considered an immune-mediated disease where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Specifically, the immune system malfunctions and destroys the fatty myelin sheath that coats and protects nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. Potential predisposing factors include age, sex, and race. While potential precipitating factors include viral infections, stress, physical trauma or injury, and certain medications.

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    of 3

    The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown.

    It's
    considered an immune mediated disease in which the
    body's immune system attacks its own tissues. Immune
    system malfunction destroys the fatty substance that coats
    and protects nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord.

    PREDISPOSING PRECIPITATING FACTOR


    FACTOR
     Viral Infection
     Age  Stress
     Sex  Trauma or Injury
     Race  Medication

    Etiology (causative.Predisposing.Precipitating)

    Etio (Dawood Tafti; Moavia Ehsan; Kathryn Xixis) 2022

    Xaxis, Kathryn. (2022). Multiple Sclerosis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499849/#article-


    25363.s5

    The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown. It's considered an immune mediated disease in which the
    body's immune system attacks its own tissues. Immune system malfunction destroys the fatty substance
    that coats and protects nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord.

    According to World Health Organization, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a condition that happens when the
    immune system attacks the brain and spinal cord. It's considered an immune mediated disease in which
    the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. Immune system malfunction destroys the fatty
    substance that coats and protects nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord (Xaxis, 2022).

    Predisposing

    - Age (Nuerol, Front. (2022). Aging with Multiple Sclerosis: Age-Related Factors and
    Socioeconomic Risks. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8965716/

    Multiple Sclerosis can occur at any age, but onset usually occurs around 20 and 40 years of age.
    However, younger and older people can be affected (Neurol, 2022).

    - Sex (Calabresi, Peter., 2024), Multiple Sclerosis; Why are Women More at Risk.
    https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/multiple-sclerosis-ms/
    multiple-sclerosis-why-are-women-more-at-risk#:~:text=According%20to%20the
    %20National%20Multiple,more%20women%20are%20developing%20it.
    According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, four times as many women have multiple
    sclerosis as men and more and more women are developing it. Women typically carry more fat
    on their bodies than men, and obesity rates are higher for women as well. Belly fat, in particular,
    is associated with increased inflammation (Mowry, 2024)

    - Race (Tobin. (2023). Multiple Sclerosis.


    https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-
    20350269

    White people, particularly those of Northern European descent, are at highest risk of developing
    MS. People of Asian, African or Native American descent have the lowest risk. A recent study
    suggests that the number of Black and Hispanic young adults with multiple sclerosis may be
    greater than previously thought (Tobin, 2023)

    Precipitating Factor

    - Viral Infections. (Thomas, Olivia. (2023). Epstein–Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: moving
    from questions of association to questions of mechanism.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10191779/

    Certain viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have been linked to an increased risk of
    developing MS. Viral infections may trigger or exacerbate the autoimmune response in
    susceptible individuals, leading to the onset or worsening of MS symptoms (Thomas, 2023).

    - Stress Sparaco, M., Miele, G., and Lavorgna, L. (2022). Association between relapses, stress,
    and depression in people with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8799958/

    Psychological stress has been associated with the exacerbation of MS symptoms in some
    individuals. Stress can lead to the release of stress hormones, which may impact the immune
    system and contribute to the worsening of MS symptoms (Sparaco, 2022).

    - Trauma or Injury. (Harris, L., Hateley, S., and Malik, H. (2021). A Diagnosis of Multiple
    Sclerosis Following Whiplash Injury: Is There a True Association.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7980313/

    Physical trauma or injury, such as head trauma or spinal cord injury, can trigger the onset of MS
    symptoms or exacerbate existing symptoms in individuals with MS. Trauma may cause
    inflammation or damage to the central nervous system, leading to the activation of the
    autoimmune response characteristic of MS (Harris, 2021).

    - Medication (Omar. (2019). Factors Involved in Relapse of Multiple Sclerosis.


    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6753697/

    Certain medications, such as steroids or drugs that suppress the immune system, may
    precipitate the onset or exacerbation of MS symptoms in some individuals. It is essential for
    individuals with MS to discuss their medications with their healthcare provider to ensure they
    are not exacerbating their symptoms.
    Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by an abnormal immune response, where the body's own
    immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath—the protective covering of nerve fibers in
    the central nervous system. This autoimmune assault leads to inflammation, demyelination, and
    ultimately, neurological dysfunction. Certain genetic variations are thought to increase
    susceptibility to MS, although no single gene has been identified as the sole culprit. Rather, it's
    likely that multiple genes interact in a complex manner, contributing to an individual's risk of
    developing the condition. The exact trigger for this immune dysregulation remains elusive, but
    various theories have been proposed. One hypothesis implicates viral infections as potential
    instigators, with certain viruses triggering an aberrant immune response that targets myelin.
    Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in particular, has been linked to MS, as individuals with a history of
    infectious mononucleosis (caused by EBV) have an increased risk of developing the condition.

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