Design and Implementation of a RFID Based Prototype

SmArt LibrARY (SALARY) System Using Wireless

Sensor Networks

K.S. Kushal1, H.K. Muttanna Kadal2, S. Chetan3, and Shivaputra4

1, 2
Dept. of M.Tech[VLSI Design & Embedded System],
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology
Bangalore, India
3, 4
Dept. of Electronics & Communication,
Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology
Bangalore, India
[email protected]

Abstract. "There is a great deal of difference between an eager man who wants
to read a book and a tired man who wants a book to read" - G.K. Chesterton
With the colossal collection of traditional and digital including books, journals,
audio materials, photographs, e-journals, e-books, web resources and more in
recent years, finding an o`nymous item is becoming more and more difficult,
resulting in a number of practical conflicts. The accessing and the procurement of
the details pertaining to a publication is becoming an ubiquitous problem.
Widespread use of wireless technologies paired with the recent advances in the
wireless applications, manifests that digital data dissemination could be the key to
solve emerging problems. Wireless Sensor Network technology has attracted
increased attention and is rapidly emerging due to their enormous application
potential in diverse fields. This buoyant field is expected to provide an efficient
and cost-effective solution to the effluent problems. This paper proposes a SmArt
LibrARY (SALARY) System based on wireless sensor network technology
which provides advanced features like automatic update in the addition/deletion of
a publication, automated guidance, and item reservation mechanism. The paper
describes the overall system architecture of SALARY from hardware to software
implementation in the view point of sensor networks. We implemented a full-
fledged prototype system for library management to realize the design
functionalities and features mentioned. Our preliminary test results show that the
performance of this WSN based system can effectively satisfy the needs and
requirements of existing integrated library system hassles thereby minimizing the
time consumed to find the slot of thou publication, real-time information
rendering, and smart reservation mechanisms.

Keywords: Radio Frequency Identification(RFID), Wireless Sensor

Networks(WSN), Java ME(J2ME), Context Aware.

1 Introduction
“Books serve to show a man that those original thoughts of his aren't very new after
all” - Abraham Lincoln

D.C. Wyld et al. (Eds.): Advances in Computer Science, Eng. & Appl., AISC 167, pp. 499–505.
springerlink.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
500 K.S. Kushal et al.

In recent years, with the advancement of mobile and ubiquitous technologies,

invisible micro-computers are embedded in to our surrounding environment. These
invisible computers interconnect to our home appliances and mobile devices to
provide ubiquitous services to the user. Various applications are developed using
ubiquitous technologies and one such application is ubiquitous SmArt LibrARY
(SALARY) system. This system is an advanced stage of library systems that enjoy the
benefits of a browser-based environment, that incorporates all modules including
Circulation, Cataloguing, Acquisitions, Serials and Reporting with visually appealing
and customizable interface, where the user enjoys convenient access to thou
traditional and digital items, books, journals and more, via the handheld device to
access the library management content anywhere and anytime.
Providing the right content to the right person at the right place and guiding them to
the exact location of the thou publication, avoiding the derange is a real challenge for
any ubiquitous library management system application developer. Many researchers
have developed many ubiquitous models and prototypes for various applications. One
such model is a TANGO System [1], which uses RFID tags for vocabulary learning,
RFID based context aware Ubiquitous Learning System[2], Smart PARKing (SPARK)
System using Wireless Sensor Networks [3], which makes use of the WSN with
advanced features like automated guidance and parking reservation mechanism, which
forms the base to this system and supports in a similar manner.
In this ubiquitous system, each user is provided with a Bluetooth enabled handheld
device such as a mobile phone integrated with a J2ME application. JSR-82 APIs are used
to develop these mobile client applications. We also require a Bluetooth enabled RFID
reader. Whenever the student enters into the library and comes nearby/within the range of
the RFID reader with his/her RFID enabled mobile device, the client application running
on the mobile device captures the object ID and sends it to the application server for the
processing. After the processing is done, the information related to the object are sent to
the server application via WLAN network , which determines the user details like name,
mobile number, semester, materials relative to the user.
Information regarding the publications, books, journals, and more relative to the
thou is composed and sent as an SMS to the user mobile phone. Here it also contains
information like the availability of the book/journal/publication (i.e. the status), and
other details pertaining to the book/publication/journal. It is assumed that all the users
who are using this system are registered to the application. Even if they are not
registered, users can register to the system through a simple SMS.
The user can reserve the book/journal/publication via WLAN network through a simple
SMS, and also can procure the same in a similar way. This ubiquitous system also
contains a WSN which also provides advanced features like automated guidance to the
particular slot in which the thus elected book/journal/publication is located in real-time.

2 Related Works

2.1 RFID Based Context Aware Ubiquitous Learning System

Electronic learning is used to access the learning content using the desktop computers.
Mobile learning is an advanced stage of e-learning where in the user is equipped with
 Design and Implementation of a RFID Based Prototype SmArt LibrARY System 501

the handheld device such as a mobile phone, to access the learning content using various
wireless technologies. A new mode of learning mechanism called ubiquitous learning
(u-learning) is context aware and also provides anywhere, anytime learning using the
handheld devices and sensors. The real challenge is to deliver the learning content to
the mobile devices depending upon the surrounding context. Here context plays an
important role in delivering the right content to the right device, right person, in the right
place and at the right time. This context can be the person who is using the system,
surrounding the environment in which the system is being used or the device itself.

2.2 Design and Implementation of a Prototype, Smart PARKing (SPARK)

System Using Wireless Sensors

Most of the existing parking management systems rarely address the issues of the
parking space management, vehicle guidance, parking lot reservation etc. These
systems majorly have control at the entrance and the exit and use vehicle detectors as
an essential element to provide smart parking. The widespread use of the WSN
technologies paired with the advancements in wireless applications implies that
digital data dissemination could be the key for the growing parking challenges. WSN
has a great potential towards providing an easy and a cost effective solution to this
credible application for various reasons, of which ease of deployment and flexibility
to couple with sophisticated but cheap sensors are attributed majorly.
502 K.S. Kushal et al.

3 System Architecture and Technology

3.1 Radio Frequency Identification

Radio Frequency Identification Technology(RFID), is one of the short range wireless

communication technologies used to capture remote object ID using radio waves.
Basically it consists of a RF interrogator or reader used to interrogate RF transponder
or tag within its radio range. Radio transponders are used to store and retrieve the
object details embedded inside the memory of the tag. There are various air-interface
protocols used to retrieve the object ID from a distant location. Frequency standards
like Low Frequency(LF), High Frequency(HF), Ultra High Frequency(UHF),
Microwave Frequency(MF) are being used for developing various RFID applications.
The read range depends on the choosen frequency, orientation of the tag and the
reader, working environment and the kind of application being used. RFID can also
be used to locate a person or get the contextual information using the electronic
sensors and radio tags embedded inside the surrounding environment. This contextual
data can be used to provide various services depending upon the person, location,
time and the device being used.

Fig. 1. System architecture of SALARY based Content Presentation

 Design and Implementation of a RFID Based Prototype SmArt LibrARY System 503

Fig. 2. System architecture for SALARY in guiding the client to the exact location of the item

3.2 Java Platform, Micro Edition

Java Platform, Micro Edition or Java ME is a Java platform designed for mobile
internet and embedded systems. It consists of various profiles and configurations like
Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP)[4] and Connected Limited device
Configuration (CLDC)[5] as apart of the core architecture. Other optional APIs like
JSR-82(Bluetooth) [6], JSR-172(XML Parsing) [7] etc. can be used to develop mobile
client applications. Java 2 Enterprise Edition(J2EE) can be used to develop and host
server side components like XML files and Servlets.

4 Implementation Details
Mobile client application is developed on J2ME[7] platform. Server application is
developed using JAVA Servlets and SMS data is composed from SAX Parsers which
is implemented in J2EE. Servlets are deployed in APACHE Tomcat and the user and
the objects database is designed using the MySQL[8]. SMS server on Linux platform.
Management server is also rigged up for the management of WSN including, Sensor
nodes, Sink Node, Guiding Nodes, Status LEDs and the GSM devices.
#
When a student/ person enters the library, his presence is captured using the RFID
Reader located at the entrance of the library block and the RFID Tag ID along with
the information related to the student/ person are sent to the server application via
WLAN network. At server, user details like the name, mobile number, and the
registration number corresponding to the Tag ID are fetched from the database and
the contextual information is composed and sent to the user mobile phone as an SMS.
Here the contextual information can be his semester, textbooks, journals, reference
books and cd & e-journals, also might be the information regarding the attest journals
and books, that is relevant to the user in that surrounding context.

5 Results
In this section we present the results of our project with an Application Startup
snapshot, obtained after a successful coding and linking of the database and all the
504 K.S. Kushal et al.

other inter-related systems as mentioned earlier. This result will finally create a
.jar/.jad file, which can loaded onto a mobile device and can be run to have a
successful communication with the system and the interaction can be done. The
snapshot is that of an emulator of NetBeans 7.0.1 IDE/Eclipse IDE.

Fig. 3. Startup Application screen snapshot

6 Conclusion
The implementation of the ubiquitous SALARY System is a classic example of using
the ubiquitous technologies for a proper management system. Due to the rapid
advances in the ubiquitous computing technologies like RFID, large scale deployment
of sensor network technologies, the management systems can be made anywhere,
anytime, and real-time providing the suitable and necessary services to the client
based on the preferences and the context, relatively as given in the table. This is
related to RFID based Learning Services Model[2]. The below table describes the
future cases in various scenarios of its implementation and the services that are
vulnerable with the design of the same.

Table 1. Various learning services corresponding to various surrounding environments

Location Services

Classroom Exam Alerts, Marks, Assignments

Laboratory List of experiments to be done for that day

Canteen Information about the College Cultural Activities

 Design and Implementation of a RFID Based Prototype SmArt LibrARY System 505

Acknowledgement. The authors would like to thank Mr. Chetan S, and Mr.
Shivaputra for their assistance, implementations, insight and valuable discussion over
the course of this project.
Parts of this work have been supported by Dr.Ambedkar Institute of Technology,
Bangalore. We would also like to thank our beloved colleagues from M/s
Aeronautical Development Agency, DRDO, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA and also
our beloved friends who lent a helping hand in the success of this project.

References
[1] Ogata, H., Akamatsu, R., Mitsuhara, H., Yano, Y., Matsuura, K., Kanenishi, K., Miyoshi,
Y., Morikawa, T.: TANGO: Supporting Vocabulary Learning with the RFID tags,
Tokushima University,
http://www.sirc.kyushu-u.ac.jp/rfid-workshop/ogata-paper.pdf
[2] Kumar, M., Nava Jyothi, K.: RFID Based Context Aware Ubiquitous Learning System.
In: Proceedings of the Wokshop on Ubiquitous Computing, UbiComp INDIA 2011, C-
DAC, Hyderabad (2011), http://www.cdac.in
[3] Srikanth, S.V., Pramod, P.J., Dileep, K.P., Tapas, P., Patil, M.U., Sarat Chandra Babu,
N.: Design and Implementation of a prototype Smart Parking (SAPRK) System Using
Wireless Sensor Networks, CDAC http://www.cdac.in
[4] Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP),
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index-jsp-138820.html
[5] Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC),
http://java.sun.com/products/cldc/
[6] J2ME Bluetooth APIs,
http://java.sun.com/javame/reference/apis/jsr082
[7] J2ME XML APIs,
http://java.sun.com/javame/reference/apis/jsr172/
[8] MySQL Database & Open source SMS gateway, http://www.mysql.com/,
http://www.kannel.org/
[9] Irisnet: Internet-scale Resource Intensive Sensor Network Service,
http://www.intel-iris.net
[10] Tang, V.W.S., Zheng, Y., Cao, J.: An Intelligent Car Park Management System based on
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