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Additionally, it poses a serious threat to living organisms. In this vein, our interest is mainly to focus
on these pollutants, as they are related to more extensive and severe problems in human health and
environmental impact. Unhappily, anthropogenic activities have destroyed this protecting
temperature effect by producing large amounts of greenhouse gases, and global warming is
mounting, with harmful effects on human health, animals, forests, wildlife, agriculture, and the water
environment. In this regard, ozone acts upon other natural ecosystems, with microflora ( 69, 70 ) and
animal species changing their species composition ( 71 ). Basics of Environmental Studies Basics of
Environmental Studies Global warning and climate change Global warning and climate change
Similar to 4. For example, the Northern Aboriginal Peoples' Coordinating Committee on POPs
helped support the Inuit Circumpolar Council's participation in negotiating the Convention on Long
Range Transboundary Air Pollution Protocols on POPs and Heavy Metals (Selin and Selin 2008 ).
The steps to calculate the comprehensive environmental pollution evaluation index using the entropy
weighting method are as follows: 3.3.2 Independent variables. This bottom-up mechanism has
become an indispensable and important component of China’s current environmental pollution
control system, promoting the reduction of pollution levels. State Environmental Service of the State
of North Rhine-Westphalia (1994). 22. Newlands M. Environmental Activism, Environmental
Politics, and Representation: The Framing of the British Environmental Activist Movement. Ph.D.
thesis. University of East London, United Kingdom (2015). 23. NEPIS (National Service Center for
Environmental Publications) US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) (2017). Conclusion
Pollution and unsustainable use of natural resources are the primary forms of environmental
degradation; both of these are the consequences of anthropogenic activities. Hatch GE, Slade R,
Harris LP, McDonnell WF, Devlin RB, Koren HS, et al. Based on the above background, this
research conducted a comprehensive search of all the documents on the subject of 'land pollution'
through the core collection of the Web of Science database, and used CiteSpace software to
systematically process the research documents from 1944 to 2021 and conduct a bibliometric
analysis. As is known, skin is our shield against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and other pollutants, as
it is the most exterior layer of our body. Squatter settlements are present along riverbanks and
railroads, or disused mining lands, and other underdeveloped government or private land. These
policies and regulations provide exogenous shocks for identifying a causal relationship. For instance,
the increase in urban area has affected the local climate. Ozone, as discussed previously, occurs both
at ground level and in the upper level (stratosphere) of the Earth's atmosphere. Societal Control
These mitigation measures involve limiting the negative impact that each person has on the
environment; the primary approach is the reduction of the rate of population growth. To sum up, we
can clearly see from the clustering results that the research topics and directions related to LP
basically cover all issues related to the natural environment and ecology, and also show a close
relationship with human social activities. Jiajia Gao: methodology, writing — review and editing.
Carbon monoxide affects the greenhouses gases that are tightly connected to global warming and
climate. The so called developments create negative impact in the planet and make the people keep
away from nature. Upholding the Good Neighbor Plan is about protecting the right to clean air for
all, and ensuring that no community suffers at the hands of another’s negligence. The challengers
allege EPA’s rule will impact electric system reliability, painting a doomsday scenario of energy
blackouts and price spikes if coal plants are required to take steps to address smog pollution. These
measures target the two main aspects of environmental degradation including pollution and
unsustainable use of resources; there have been some level of success though with some limitations
too. Indigenous Peoples experience large burdens of environmental pollution linked to the expansion
of commodity frontiers and industrial development. Pollution emissions reduce with the enhance of
environmental regulation intensity. IPs' contributions to control pollution Resistance to polluting
activities. Cascade Tank Village System and identification of novel post graduate researc. Sulfur
dioxide stands as a major contributor to air pollution. Diseases occurring from the aforementioned
substances include principally respiratory problems such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD), asthma, bronchiolitis, and also lung cancer, cardiovascular events, central nervous system
dysfunctions, and cutaneous diseases.
Exposure to smog pollution can cause respiratory issues, aggravate asthma and lead to missed days
of work or school, emergency room visits and even premature deaths. The process of land use change
is coupled between humans and nature and needs to be studied from an integrated perspective
(Aspinall and Staiano 2017, Verburg et al 2013 ). Additionally, environmental pollution is caused by
natural events like volcanic eruptions. Article ADS CAS Google Scholar Deeds DA, Banic CM, Lu
J, Daggupaty S (2013) Mercury speciation in a coal-fired power plant plume: an aircraft-based study
of emissions from the 3640 MW Nanticoke Generating Station, Ontario. Rent this article via
DeepDyve Institutional subscriptions Data availability The data supporting the findings of this study
are publicly available in the paper cited in the text. Available online at: (accessed October 6, 2019).
124. CopenhagenClimate Change Conference (UNFCCC). Hatch GE, Slade R, Harris LP,
McDonnell WF, Devlin RB, Koren HS, et al. Hence, air pollution has deleterious effects on both soil
and water ( 121 ). Yu Y, Jin X, Li J, Jia L (2021) Research on path of atmospheric mercury emission
control in China’s power industry. Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Brown TD, Smith
DN, Hargis RA, O’Dowd WJ (1999) Mercury measurement and its control: what we know, have
learned, and need to further investigate. At the same time, industries can lower waste management
and regulatory obedience cost, liabilities, and risks. Some regions may be inclined to relax
environmental standards and provide more opportunities for enterprises to develop, even ignoring
environmental violations, in return for short-term economic growth and performance advantages.
However, the impact of changes in environmental concern at the individual level on environmental
behaviour is not examined. Cascade Tank Village System and identification of novel post graduate
researc. Finally, local and regional forces may strongly influence the LP process, and the drivers of
globalization should be emphasized. Particulate Matter (PM) was defined as a term for particles by
the United States Environmental Protection Agency ( 54 ). The loss of fertile top soil implies the
lowering of agricultural productivity. More recently, Inuit populations have been vocal in helping
shape the Minamata Convention on Mercury (Basu 2018 ). It is surprising that ozone levels over
cities are low in contrast to the increased amounts occuring in urban areas, which could become
harmful for cultures, forests, and vegetation ( 65 ) as it is reducing carbon assimilation ( 66 ).
According to the volume of published papers and centrality indicators, the statistical information of
the institution is shown in table 1. Moreover, environmental concern possesses the potential to yield a
greater impact through the demonstration effect and collective action. They believe that if the US
chooses to implement the greenhouse gas emission reduction plan, it is necessary to decide whether
to include carbon sequestration policies as part of the domestic portfolio of compliance activities.
The components of PM 10 and PM 2.5 can be organic (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins,
benzene, 1-3 butadiene) or inorganic (carbon, chlorides, nitrates, sulfates, metals) in nature ( 55 ).
Short-period exhibition to high dioxin concentrations may result in dark spots and lesions on the skin
( 94 ). Air Quality assessment in a heavily-polluted urban Mediterranean environment through Air
Quality indices. The gases reduce the ozone layer and hence causing global temperature
augmentation. The results show that public environmental concern can reduce environmental
pollution levels, while government environmental regulation can enhance this effect. On the other
hand, scholars have also explored the impact of LP from the aspects of socio-economic development,
ecological environment, and human health, and explored ways to control LP from the aspects of
pollution reduction and land restoration (Mone et al 2004, Jin et al 2018 ). Lightning is the major
cause of natural fires, which lead to deforestation. Hazardous waste siting, including incinerators and
landfills, also seriously affects indigenous communities because such polluting infrastructures are
often placed in their lands, either because their lands have unclear tenure status or because poverty
has induced them to accept such facilities (Williams 1992; Sitkowski 1995; Gowda and Easterling
2000 ).
The lectures were illustrated by several case studies concerning forests, lakes, reservoirs, rivers, soil
and the interrelations between air and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.This book contains the
lectures presented at the course, reviewed by the authors, and complemented throughout with
numerous figures and tables. We utilize the per capita number of environmental protection penalty
cases at the city level as an indicator of local government regulatory efforts. Climate shifts and global
planetary warming ( 3 ) could aggravate the situation. Access this article Price includes VAT
(Russian Federation) Instant access to the full article PDF. Brain inflammation was observed in dogs
living in a highly polluted area in Mexico for a long period ( 105 ). The remainder of this study is
organized as follows: Section 2 presents the research hypotheses and reviews the relevant literature.
Effects of Conservation Measures During implementation of mitigation measures, there have been
associations that would have otherwise occurred to a limited extent; for instance, governments have
worked in conjunction with the private sector and other governments for a common cause, thus
strengthening diplomatic ties (Paterson, 2001: 55). Air pollution and chronic airway diseases: what
should people know and do. The authors estimate the contemporaneous impact of winter heating on
air pollution and health by using regression discontinuity designs and find that such winter heating
systems increased the weekly Air Quality Index by 36% and mortality by 14%. Fan et al. (2020) and
Imelda (2020) both suggest that the health impact of air pollution can be mitigated by improving
socioeconomic conditions. When you choose this option, all subscribed issues are delivered free to
your door step. Polluting activities conducted by IPs Such activities have been highlighted in the
literature, particularly those activities related to the use of fire. In Greece, the use of private cars was
restricted by tracking their license plates in order to reduce traffic congestion during rush hour ( 25 ).
For instance, if there is a significant loss in fertile top soil and if all other inputs of production
process are kept constant, the result would be a drop yields. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chao W, Yang M, Cao X (2021) Coal-fired power plants and metal research based on CiteSpace.
Moreover, air pollution seems to have various malign health effects in early human life, such as
respiratory, cardiovascular, mental, and perinatal disorders ( 3 ), leading to infant mortality or
chronic disease in adult age ( 6 ). Water pollution from industries has killed fish, while forest
destruction has caused the scarcity of trees needed in the timber industries. Without any doubt, fossil
fuel consumption is responsible for a sizeable part of air contamination. This research has broad
significance and policy implications. Using difference-in-differences and regression discontinuity
designs, most papers show that energy accidents and consumption significantly increased pollution
and had adverse health effects. Ozone Impact in the Atmosphere Ozone (O 3 ) is a gas formed from
oxygen under high voltage electric discharge ( 62 ). Atmospheric pollution is the main cause of
global warming; it results from the accumulation of carbon IV oxide and other greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere, trapping heat from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere. The environmental declaration
made in Rio states that in light of the different contributions by different countries towards the
worldwide environmental degradation, the countries responsibilities are different in curbing the
problem (United Nations Environment Programme, p. Some regions may be inclined to relax
environmental standards and provide more opportunities for enterprises to develop, even ignoring
environmental violations, in return for short-term economic growth and performance advantages.
The fact that indigenous values (e.g., sacredness, spirituality) are often harmed by the expansion of
commodity frontiers is a common thread in the IPs protests (Hinzo 2018; Panikkar and Tollefson
2018 ). This essay describes that land pollution is one of the major environmental hazards that can
adversely affect both animal and human health. Environmental problems center on human activities,
which adversely affect the air, oceans, and land cover. The oxidants affect organic substances causing
irritant effects on individuals and unpleasant effects on plant (Dutt, 2003). Pollutants can be
biodegradable or non-biodegradable and of natural origin or anthropogenic, as stated previously. Air
pollution management means the reduction to acceptable levels or possible elimination of air
pollutants whose presence in the air affects our health or the environmental ecosystem. Its impact on
watery bodies is associated with the survival of living organisms and fishes and their productivity
potential ( 121 ).
Every year, tons of smog-forming pollutants travel from coal plants and other industrial sources in
“upwind” states to “downwind” states. On the one hand, current studies focus more on land use
types related to human use such as agricultural land, industrial land, urbanization, etc.; on the other
hand, current studies seldom take the time of land use change as a variable and do not examine the
land use transition. OECD Global Forum on the Environment dedicated to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl
Su. A ruling that weakens or overturns this rule would not just be a legal setback; it would be a
public health crisis. Plastic containers and coatings help keep food fresh, but they can also leave
behind neurotoxins such as BPA in the human body. Additionally, it has led to the amassing of lethal
and perilous wastes, which influence human wellbeing and the superiority of life. Democratic U.S.
Rep. Andy Kim, who is also seeking his party's nomination for the Senate seat, also opposes the
project. “There is simply no need for yet another gas power plant in the city of Newark when
renewable energy solutions are possible, especially at a time when so many residents in that
community are already living with some of the worst air pollution in the country,” he said in an email
to The Associated Press. Environmental challenges facing the planet are caused by natural forces like
orbital variation, increase in solar output, volcanic activity, and plate tectonics among others. Moral-
Munoz JA, Herrera-Viedma E, Santisteban-Espejo A, Cobo MJ (2020) Software tools for conducting
bibliometric analysis in science: an up-to-date review. Zhu J, Hua W (2017) Visualizing the
knowledge domain of sustainable development research between 1987 and 2015: a bibliometric
analysis. In this vein, funds have been financing, directly or indirectly, projects related to air quality
along with the technical infrastructure to maintain good air quality. Fine and ultrafine particulate
matter seems to be associated with more serious illnesses ( 6 ), as it can invade the deepest parts of
the airways and more easily reach the bloodstream. Human activities have an adverse effect on the
environment by polluting the water we drink, the air we breathe, and the soil in which plants grow.
This widespread dissemination and communication enable the public to better focus on
environmental issues, generate collective action, and drive the progress of environmental
governance. Cascade Tank Village System and identification of novel post graduate researc. Due to
limitations of paper, the author selected 10 related keywords for the second-level clustering results.
Giang A, Stokes LC, Streets DG, Corbitt ES, Selin NE (2015) Impacts of the Minamata Convention
on mercury emissions and global deposition from coal-fired power generation in Asia. Using
statistical and internet search data from 284 prefecture-level cities between 2011 and 2020, the study
finds that a 1% increase in public environmental concern leads to a 0.009% reduction in pollution.
Download citation Received: 30 May 2023 Accepted: 03 February 2024 Published: 21 February
2024 DOI: Share this article Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this
content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. This implies that our research
findings hold true after overcoming endogeneity concerns. For example, in Ecuador, the Cofan
blamed high rates of cancer not on oil extraction but on shamanic identification of human agents,
leading to cultural conflict (Cepek 2002 ). A growing scholarly body is challenging this research
tradition by showing how IPs actively contribute to develop innovative strategies to limit pollution
or prevent it from the outset (Capasso 2017; Wehi and Lord 2017 ). Global climate change is an
important issue that concerns mankind. The total amount of Chinese publications is also very high,
but the centrality is not high, which shows that China needs to further strengthen its international
cooperation in the publication of documents in the future, and better integrate with the research on
worldwide frontier issues. Table 3. Volume of published papers by nations (Top10). Table 4.
Centrality of nations (Top10). 3.1.4. Analysis of journals By searching the LP in the database, we can
get the journals that focus on this topic. Impact on tribal people Biodiversity and evolution
Biodiversity and evolution 6. Throughout history, Black communities have disproportionately borne
the brunt of environmental hazards, from toxic waste sites to air and water pollution. Susceptible
people as those with lung disease, old people, and children, who present a higher risk of damage. In
a lawsuit, the communities argued that contamination by the sewage would undermine their belief
systems and the cultural practices that depend on the mountain's purity (Schlosberg and Carruthers
2010 ). Global food, global justice: Essays on eating under globalization. Indoor air pollution from
unprocessed solid fuel use and pneumonia risk in children aged under five years: a systematic review
and meta-analysis.
OECD Global Forum on the Environment dedicated to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Su.
Correspondingly, the index value for evaluating the clustering result is reflected in the Q Value and
the S Value. Particulate matter contains tiny liquid or solid droplets that can be inhaled and cause
serious health effects ( 55 ). Sulfur and nitrogen oxides are involved in the formation of acid rain
and are harmful to plants and marine organisms. Last but not least, as mentioned above, the toxicity
associated with lead and other metals is the main threat to our ecosystems (air, water, and soil) and
living creatures ( 121 ). There are many pollutants that are major factors in disease in humans. Many
countries have environmental conservation policies; however, there are low levels of implementation
of such strategies due to lack of political will because of conflicts of interest among the ruling elite
(Barnett, 2001: 43). The social and environmental thinking of business not only encompass a legal
duty but also the long-term success of the business. The oxidants affect organic substances causing
irritant effects on individuals and unpleasant effects on plant (Dutt, 2003). Therefore, we replaced
the independent variable with a new measure of public environmental awareness, namely, the search
volume on the mobile platform ( PEC 2 ), and re-estimated the regression model as presented in
column (2) of Table 3. OECD Global Forum on the Environment dedicated to Per- and
Polyfluoroalkyl Su. Governments have worked together with international organisations by
promoting and funding strategies and activities to mitigate the negative effects of environmental
degradation. Some of the species, especially trees, are of medicinal value. Immense quantities of
plastic are also sent to the developing world together with e-waste, where “recycling” frequently
involves open-air burning. As a consequence people in India have stated asserting their right to have
clean air, safe drinking water, and a healthy environment These provisions are having a remarkable
impact, ranging from stronger environmental laws and landmark court decisions to the cleanup of
pollution hot spots and the provision of safe drinking water. The affinity of carbon monoxide to
hemoglobin is much greater than that of oxygen. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find
out how to manage cookies. What’s Next In the intricate tapestry of environmental justice, Black
leadership stands as a crucial thread, weaving together history, science, advocacy, and transformative
change. An association of pollution with mortality was reported on the basis of monitoring of
outdoor pollution in six US metropolitan cities ( 20 ). The lectures were illustrated by several case
studies concerning forests, lakes, reservoirs, rivers, soil and the interrelations between air and
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.This book contains the lectures presented at the course, reviewed
by the authors, and complemented throughout with numerous figures and tables. Marcus (2021) also
finds that the adoption of preventative technologies mitigated the entire effect of storage tank leak
exposure on birthweight, and information increased avoidance and moving among highly educated
mothers. This is the case of several IPs in voluntary isolation in Ecuador (e.g., Tagaeri, Taromenane),
whose lands are under increasing assault from oil extraction operations (Lu et al. 2016 ). It is also
important to acknowledge that IPs often have different conceptions and acceptance of pollution risks
than other sectors of society (Lu et al. 2014 ), which might aggravate their vulnerability. It is of note
that three billion people around the world are using the above sources of energy for their daily
heating and cooking needs ( 8 ). Many recent papers find oil to have a negative impact on pollution
and health. This situation implies that in today’s plastics-enabled society, there are no control groups
to be found to analyze the effects on human health from low-level, environmental exposures to
plastic constituents. For instance, the increase in urban area has affected the local climate. Third, as
the largest search engine in China, Baidu accounts for more than 90% of Chinese internet users, and
using this index provides a comprehensive understanding of users’ search behavior. These pollutants
will invade through the airways and will accumulate at the cells. Inventories are generally based on a
combination of direct measurements and emissions modeling ( 24 ). Third, governments need to
promote the coordinated development of the economy and the environment, especially in
economically disadvantaged areas. Discharging these pollutants into water bodies leads to water
pollution, disrupting the equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, volatile organic compounds
present in industrial wastewater can evaporate into the atmosphere.