Additional Integration Exercises

A) Standard (or immediate) integrals

Z
3 x4 p
1. x3 + p dx Sol.: + 6 x + C:
x 4

Z
x+3 p 2
2. p dx Sol.: 6 x + x3=2 + C
x 3

Z
1 p
3. p dx Sol.: 2 1 x+C
1 x

Z
ax bx
4. ax bx dx Sol.: +C
ln a + ln b

Z
x )2 dx 1 2x 1
5. (ex + e Sol.: e + 2x e 2x +C
2 2

Z
x2
6. dx Sol.: x arctan x + C
x2 +1

Z
(cos x + sin x)2 1
7. dx Sol.: x + C
sin 2x

Z
cos2 x + sin x 1
8. dx Sol.: C (please explain)
sin 2x

1
B) Change of variable
Solve by substitution the following inde…nite integrals:
Z 10
9 1 + x2
1. x 1+ x2 dx Sol.: +C
20
Z
ex
2. dx Sol.: ln (ex + 1) + C
ex + 1
Z
e2x
3. dx. Sol.: ex + ln (ex 1) + C
ex 1
Z
1
4. dx Sol.: x ln (ex + 1) + C
ex +1
Z
e2x p 2
5. p dx Sol.: 2 ex 1 + (ex 1)3=2 + C
ex 1 3
Z
1 2x+3
6. e2x+3 dx Sol.: e +C
2
Z
2 +3x 2 +3x
7. (2x + 3)ex dx Sol.: ex +C

Z
1
8. dx Sol.: ln ln x + C
x ln x
Z
1
9. dx:(Use the previous problem) Sol.: ln ln ln x + C
x ln x(ln(ln x)))
Z p
x + ln x p ln2 x
10. dx Sol.: 2 x + +C
x 2
Z
1
11. dx Sol.: ln (1 + ln x) + C
x (1 + ln x)
Z
2 1 2
12. 2x dx Sol.: +C
(ln x x2 )2 x ln x x2
Z
1
13. x2 sin(x3 + 2)dx Sol.: cos(x3 + 2) + C
3
Z
sin x 1
14. dx Sol.: +C
cos2 x cos x
Z
sin x 1
15. dx Sol.: +C
cos3 x 2 cos2 x

2
 Z
arctan x 1
16. dx Sol.: arctan2 x + C
1 + x2 2
Z
sin ln x
17. dx Sol.: cos (ln x) + C
x
Z
x 1
18. dx Sol.: arctan x2 + C
1 + x4 2
Z
x p
19. p dx Sol.: 1 x2 + C
1 x2
Z Z 1
2x2 2 dt 2
20. dx Sol.: = arctan x3 + C
1 + x6 3 0 1+t 2 3
Z p
tan x 2
21. dx Sol.: (tan x)3=2 + C
cos2 x 3
Z
2x
22. dx Sol.: tan x2 + C
cos2 x2
Z
1
23. x sin 1 x2 dx Sol.: cos 1 x2 + C
2
Z p
sin x p
24. p dx Sol.: 2 cos x+C
x
Z
3+x p
25. p dx Sol.: 3 arcsin x 1 x2 + C
1 x2
Z
xdx 1
26. p Sol.: arcsin x2 + C
1 x4 2
Z
dx p
27. p p Sol.: 2 arcsin x + C
x 1 x
Z
3x + 2
28. dx Sol.: x + 2 ln j3x 4j + C
3x 4
Z
x2 x2
29. dx Sol.: x + ln (x + 1) + C
x+1 2
Z
3x 1 1
30. dx Sol.: = +C
(3x2 2)2 2 3x2 2

3
 Z
3 3
31. dx Sol.: +C
4x2 + 8x + 4 4(x + 1)
Z
x 1
32. dx Sol.: ln (x + 1) + +C
(x + 1)2 x+1
Z
1 p
33. p dx Sol.: 2 ln j1 + xj + C
x+ x
Z
1 1
34. p p dx Sol.: As above (explain why).
x x+1
Z
x3 4x 1 2
35. dx Sol.: x 3x + 3 ln (x + 1) + C
x2 + 3x + 2 2
Z
6x2 + 4 p
36. p dx Sol.: 4 x3 + 2x 1+C
x3 + 2x 1
Z
2x2 2
37. dx Sol.: arctan x3 + C
1 + x6 3
Z
sin x
38. cos xdx Sol.: ln jcos xj + C
sin x 1
Z
sin x 1
39. dx Sol.: +C
sin x 1 cos x
Z
p 2 2
40. sin x cos3 xdx Sol.: (sin x)3=2 (sin x)7=2 + C
3 7
Z
sin x 1
41. cos xdx Sol.: sin x 2 ln (sin x + 1) + C
sin x + 1
Z
sin x 1
42. cos xdx Sol.: sin x 2 arctan (sin x) + C
sin x + 1
Z
1
43. sin xdx Sol.: sin x sin x + C
3
Z
earcsin x
44. p dx Sol.: earcsin x + C
1 x2
Z 1=x
e 1=x
45. dx Sol.: e +C
x2

4
C) Integration by parts

Z
1. 2x arctan xdx Sol.: x2 + 1 arctan x x+C

Z
p
2. arcsin xdx Sol.: x arcsin x + 1 x2 + C

Z
3. ln2 xdx Sol.: ln2 x x 2x ln x + 2x + C

Z
xm+1 1
4. xm ln xdx for m 6= 1: What if m = 1? Sol.: ln x +C
m+1 m+1
Z p
x dx p p
x
5. e ( ). Sol.: 2 ( x 1) e +C

Z
p p
x dx p p
6. xe ( ) Sol.: 2(x 2 x + 2)e x + C

Z
7. (x + 1)2 e x dx Sol.: x2 + 4x + 5 e x +C

Z
ex (sin x + 2 cos x)
8. e2x cos xdx Sol.: = +C
5
Z
1 ln cos 2x
9. (sin 2x) ln cos 2x dx Sol.: cos 2x + C
2
( ): Make …rst an appropriate change of variables.
( ): Use the result of the previous problem
R p p
10. Obtain x x + 1dx by (a) the change of variable u = x + 1; (b) the change of variable t = x + 1;
2 2 2 4
(c) by parts. Sol.: (a), (b): (x + 1)5=2 (x + 1)3=2 + C: (c): x(x + 1)3=2 (x + 1)5=2 + C:
5 3 3 15
Z
11. Write x2 eax dx as A0 + A1 x + A2 x2 eax and obtain A0 ; A1 y A2 by di¤erentiation. (Sol.: A0 =
2 2 1
; A1 = ; A2 = ).
a3 a2 a
12. Solve problem 7 by the method of problem 10.

5
D) Rational integrals

Compute the following rational integrals:

Z
1 1 1
1. dx Sol.: ln (x 3) ln (x + 3) + C
x2 9 6 6
Z
x 1 2
2. dx Sol.: ln (x 1) + ln (x + 2) + C
(x 1) (x + 2) 3 3
Z
x3 4x x2
3. dx Sol.: 3x + 3 ln (x + 1) + C
x2 + 3x + 2 2
Z
1 1 x+2
4. dx Sol.: arctan +C
x2 + 4x + 13 3 3
Z
x 1 2 x+2
5. dx Sol.: ln x2 + 4x + 13 + arctan +C
x2 + 4x + 13 2 3 3
Z
2x2 5x 1
6. dx Sol.: ln x 2 ln (x 1) + 3 ln (x + 1) + C
x3 x
Z
x2 + 3x + 1 3
7. dx Sol.: ln x 2 ln (x 1) +C
x3 2x2 + x x 1
Z
3x2 + 3x + 5
8. dx Sol.: ln x + ln x2 + 4x + 5 5 arctan (x + 2) + C
x3 + 4x2 + 5x

6
E) Integrals reducible to rational and others

Z
e3x
1. dx Sol.: ex ln (ex 1) + 4 ln (ex 2) + C
e2x 3ex + 2
Z
ex 2 3
2. dx Sol.: ln (ex 2) + ln (ex + 3) + C
ex + 1 6e x 5 5
Z
1+x 2 3=2 p p
3. p dx Sol.: x x+4 x 4(1 + x) + C
1+ x 3
Z
1 p
4. p dx Sol.: 2 arctan ex 1+C
ex 1
Z
1 ln 2x
5. dx Sol.: ln x ln 2 ln (ln x + 2 ln 2)) + C
x ln 4x
Z
1
6. ln (ln x) dx Sol.: (ln x)(ln ln x 1) + C
x
Z
1
7. Apply the substitutions (a) u = sin x and (b) v = cos x to the integral dx; compare the
sin x
transformed integrals and explain which one seems to be more convenient.

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F) De…nite integrals
1. Obtain the following de…nite integrals:

Z 6p
16
a) x 2dx Sol.:
2 3
Z 1 2
p
x +x+ x+1 p 3
b) dx Sol.: 2 2
0 x+1 2
Z e
1 ln x 1
c) dx Sol.:
1 x 2
Z e2
dx
d) Sol.: ln 2
e x ln x
Z 2
1
e) dx Sol.:
1 x2 2x + 2 4
Z 1
ln 2
f) arctan xdx Sol.:
0 4 2
Z p
2
2x
g) dx Sol.:
0 x4 +4 8
Z 1=2
2
h) dx Sol.:
0 4x2 +1 4
Z =4
2x
i) dx Sol.: ln 2
0 cos2 x 2
Z r
p
2. Obtain r2 x2 dx by applying the change of variables x = r sin t: Give a geometrical interpretation
0
of the result.
Z r Z
p =2 =2
partes t + sin t cos t
Sol : r2 x2 dx = r2 cos2 tdt = = .
0 0 2 0 4
Z =2
3. Prove that sin x dx = 0 using only the symmetry properties of the function f (x) = sin x: Check
=2
Z =2
your result by carrying out the standard computations. Do the same with tan xdx.
=2

4. Obtain (if it exists) a function f (x) such that if f 0 (x) = ax2 + bx; the following holds:
Z 2
0 00
(a) f (1) = 6 (b) f (1) = 18 (c) f (x) dx = 18:
0

Sol.: f 0 (x) = 12x2 6x and f (x) = 4x3 3x2 + 5:

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G) Area functions. Area computations
1. Obtain and plot the area functions associated to the following functions over the stated intervals.
Compute explicitly the areas of the full …gures.

2x si 0 x 1
(a) f (x) = over the interval [0; 2] :
4 2x si 1 x 2
x2 si 0 x 1
Sol.: F (x) = ; Full area = 2.
2 + 4x x2 si 1 < x 2
x si 2 x 4
(b) f (x) = over the interval [2; 4]
2 si 4 < x 5
x2 =2 2 si 2 x 4
Sol. : F (x) = : Full area = 11.
5x 14 si 4 < x 5
(c) f (x) = 3x2 2x 16 over the interval [ 2; 4]: (Remark: In order to compute the full area, the
sign of f (x) must be taken into account):
Sol.: F (x) = x3 2x2 20x 24: Full area = j 48j + 36 = 84:

Z x Z x2
def p def p
2. Let F (x) = t2 cos t + t dt and G(x) = t2 cos t + t dt:
0 0

(a) Obtain the explicit formulas for F (x) and G(x):

1 2 1 2
Sol.: (a) F (x) = x3 sin x + x3=2 ; G(x) = x6 sin x2 + x3 .
3 3 3 3

3. Obtain the area enclosed by the parabolas y = 1 + (x 1)2 and 3x = y 2 : Sol.: 6:

4. Obtain the area enclosed by the curves y = 3x3 x2 10x and y = x2 + 2x shown in the next …gure.
Prove that the areas on the left and on the right are both equal to 12.

10
y
5

-3 -2 -1 1 2 3
x
-5

-10

5. By applying the Fundamental Theory of Calculus, verify that the area function of f (x) = cos x on
the interval [0; ] attains a maximum at x = =2: Obtain explicitly the area function and check your
result. Sol.: F (x) = sin x:

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H) Improper integrals
1. Compute the following improper integrals
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
dx dx dx
a) 2
; 2
y Sol.: ; y
0 1 + x 1 1 + x 1 1 + x2 2 4
Z 7
dx
b) p
3
Sol.: 6
1 x+1
Z 1
xdx 1
c) Sol.:
0 (x2 + 1)3 4
Z 1
xdx
d) dx Sol.: 1
0 x2 + 1
Z 1
1
e) dx Sol.: ln 2
0 ex + 1
Z 1
x 3
f) dx Sol.:
1 (x + 1)3 8
Z 1p p
g) xe x dx Sol.: 4
0
Z =4
p
tan x 2
h) dx Sol.:
0 cos2 x 3
Z 1
1
i) p dx Sol.: 1
0 2 x
Z 1
1
j) p dx Sol.: 1
1 2 x
Z 1
1
k) dx Sol.: 1
0 x ln x
Z 1
l) xe x2 =2 dx Sol.: 1
0
Z 1
1
m) x ln xdx Sol.:
0 4
Z 1
ln x
n) dx Sol.: 1
2 x
Z 1
ln x
p) dx Sol.: 1
1 x2

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