10 1016@j Engstruct 2012 04 009

Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82
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Engineering Structures
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/engstruct
Stability design of crane columns in mill buildings

Pedro D. Simão a,b, Ana M. Girão Coelho a,c,⇑, Frans S.K. Bijlaard c
a
Institute of Computers and Systems Engineering of Coimbra (INESC-Coimbra), Rua Antero de Quental 199, 3000-033 Coimbra, Portugal
b
´s Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luı
c
Department of Structural and Building Engineering – Steel and Timber Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology,
PO Box 5048, 2600 GS Delft, The Netherlands
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: This paper deals with buckling aspects of the design of stepped columns in mill buildings. These columns
Received 1 February 2012 are generally loaded axially at the top and at the section where the cross section changes. These loads
Accepted 10 April 2012 usually act eccentrically and thus produce column moments. Additional bending from lateral loads also
has to be accounted for. Starting from these considerations, a geometrically nonlinear model for buckling
behaviour analysis is proposed and formulated using the differential equations of equilibrium. The con-
Keywords: cept of equivalent (or effective) lengths of the two column segments is successfully applied. Tables to
Buckling load
determine effective length factors are provided for a range of the following parameters: end fixities, ratio
Crane columns
Splices
of the end axial load to the intermediate axial load, the ratio of the length and moment of inertia of the
Steel frames upper segment to the lower segment and the splice mechanical properties. This is followed by a study of
Stepped columns the imperfection sensitivity to the linearly evaluated critical load. A discussion on the variation of the
Structural stability load carrying capacity with the level of eccentricity and lateral load acting at the step on a practical
column is also presented. The findings suggest that upper and lower segments are treated as separate
beam-columns. Some implications for design, in the form of interaction equations, are deduced from
the presented analysis.
Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction There are several parameters that have a relevant effect on the
column stability behaviour, namely: (i) end fixity conditions, (ii)
Mill buildings are heavy industrial structures within which the splice stiffness and location, (iii) the ratio of segment lengths,
machinery, materials and products are lifted and moved in a large (iv) the ratio of the segment second moment of areas and (v) the
work area by overhead travelling cranes. These industrial facilities ratio of the applied axial loads at the top of the column and at
are usually designed with rigid steel-framed structures and are the stepped level. With reference to the first two parameters, the
characterized by long roof spans and high floor-to-floor and connection details at the ends and at the splice determine the stiff-
floor-to-roof heights. The structure comprises common steel com- ness design values. The roof-beam-to-column and the base connec-
ponents used in roof and wall framing (e.g. roof trusses), wall sys- tions as well as the splice should be designed in accordance with
tems and crane runway beams supported by columns. Several the relevant standards and should be detailed to provide ductile
different column configurations can be used for the crane carrying performance. The remaining parameters are further considered in
structure [1,2]. Designers frequently choose stepped columns, with this work.
a single heavy wide-flange section as the lower segment and a Where stepped column construction is used, the concept of
lighter wide-flange section that supports the roof structure equivalent lengths of the column segments may be applied and a
(Fig. 1). The upper segment has to carry the roof and upper wall buckling analysis may be required. The crane loads dominate the
loads. The lower segment has to be designed for the extra load design of the column. These are essentially axial compressive loads
from the crane beam reaction, lower wall loads and self-weight. that act eccentrically and thus produce moments in the column. A
number of research works on stepped columns have existed since
the 1970s, such as those (i) calculating the effective lengths [3,4],
(ii) evaluating the critical buckling load [1,5] and (iii) examining
⇑ Corresponding author at: Department of Structural and Building Engineering – the column maximum axial strength [6,7]. Although some of these
Steel and Timber Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
previous studies proposed simple design methods, and success-
University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GS Delft, The Netherlands. Tel.: +351
239 790 312/964 837 943; fax: +351 239 790 311.
fully found the buckling loads and the maximum load capacities,
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (P.D. Simão), [email protected] (A.M. Girão the nonlinear equilibrium behaviour and structural failure were
Coelho), [email protected] (F.S.K. Bijlaard). not satisfactorily addressed.
0141-0296/$ - see front matter Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.04.009
52 P.D. Simão et al. / Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82
Connection to roof structure strength of columns by multiple column curves [10]. The concept
of the so-called equivalent length is thus crucial.
The AISC steel design guide no. 7 [11] adopts a procedure based
on the design of each segment as individual members, subjected to
Crane runway beam
the associated load cases. This guide provides tables to determine
effective length factors for several end condition types, as a func-
tion of the ratio of (i) the segment lengths, (ii) the segment second
moment of areas and (iii) the applied axial loads at the top of the
column and at the stepped level [4]. These effective lengths are
then used in the interaction formulae for designing beam-columns
adopted in the AISE technical report no. 13 [12] that are nearly
identical to the equations presented in the AISC standard no.
360-10 [13].
2. Methodology
The design of columns in mill buildings includes considerations

that do not apply to other types of structures. The structural model
Column base connection has to contain the following features:
Fig. 1. Segmented mill building column.

1. Variable cross-section.
2. Possible column sidesway.
The current study presents a formal theoretical treatment of 3. It has to handle the rotational restraint at the top and at the
stepped column design. The paper starts with a stability analysis base of the column.
of a stepped column using the classical equilibrium approach. This 4. Load eccentricities.
is followed by a study of the imperfection sensitivity to the linearly 5. Variable axial load and bending moment at the location of the
evaluated critical load. Imperfections in the form of column seg- step, due to horizontal forces.
ments misalignment and load eccentricities are considered. It is
shown that the imperfections can produce highly unstable behav- The stepped column model shown in Fig. 2 accounts for these
iour. These findings are important for designers aiming to achieve requirements. In the current work, the model is formulated in
safer and more efficient and economic designs for stepped columns the context of the classical equilibrium approach. A set of equa-
in mill buildings. Some guidelines to represent this information in tions governing equilibrium along with the appropriate boundary
a suitable form for subsequent inclusion in a maximum elastic conditions are derived. This derivation is based on the following
strength column analysis are also proposed. assumptions:
1. The analysis is purely elastic (the stress–strain relationship is

1.1. Current code requirements
completely linear).
2. Residual stresses are ignored.
The design of stepped crane columns is very complex and time-
3. No local type of instability occurs.
consuming and is often based on a variety of simplified procedures
4. The column is considered transversely supported so that the
that may be unsafe. The application of the related standards re-
possibility of buckling about the weak axis is precluded.
quires that the designer includes second-order effects and defines
5. Lateral torsional buckling is prevented.
appropriate methods to incorporate those effects into the design
6. The cut surfaces at the column splice are in perfect contact, in
values of the frame internal forces and moments. The designer also
the case of bearing splices.
has to account for the interaction between the column segments
7. No appreciable initial curvature exists.
for a given combination of proportional loads. Crane columns nor-
8. The effect of transverse shear on deformations is negligible.
mally have eccentric and lateral loads which also produce bending.
Part 6 of EN 1993 [8] addresses the design of crane supporting
The exact solution of the governing equations for buckling is
structures. Applicable design load combinations and design criteria
found by using the symbolic computation software Mathematica
are presented in this part. In many instances, EN 1993-6 refers to
[14]. The structural response is determined by this process.
the design requirements provided in part 1-1 of EN 1993, Design
The problem is discussed for a number of special cases for sway
of steel structures – general rules and rules for buildings [9]. The de-
and sway-prevented columns. Current used design criteria for the
sign of compression members is one of such instances. The limit
design of columns in mill buildings are revisited in the light of
states for which crane supporting columns are to be designed are
numerical evidence. Special emphasis is placed on EN 1993 rules.
as follows:
1. Resistance of cross section (including general yielding, rupture, 3. Equilibrium formulation

etc.).
2. Stability. Consider the isolated crane column illustrated in Fig. 1. The ba-
3. Fatigue. sic mechanical model is shown in Fig. 2. The stepped column in
Fig. 1 consists of two independent members, I and II, of length
This work specifically deals with the stability design of stepped LI = aL and LII = (1 a)L, 0 6 a 6 1, respectively, connected by a
crane columns in mill buildings that is likely to be the limiting fac- spring at point S (Fig. 2). Khc is the tangent elastic stiffness coeffi-
tor. In current EN 1993, the column design involves column curves cient for this spring. Each member has a constant bending stiffness
based on the maximum strength concept and incorporate residual EII and EIII. Ends a and b are restrained by base and roof beam con-
stresses and geometric imperfections. The EN 1993 represents the nections, respectively, that usually exhibit an elastic initial
P.D. Simão et al. / Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82 53
x, u
e0
Kθb γ NEd Sign convention:
Loads and reactions:
KΔb
+
LII II +
(1 −γ )NEd
Kθc
S H = ξ NEd Bending moments: +
e2 e1
L
Shear: +
LI I
Eccentricity: − +
Kθa z, w z, w
NEd
Fig. 2. Model of a segmented mill building column (e1 > 0 and e2 < 0).
response (partially restrained connections). Kh is the corresponding where w is the lateral displacement and i = I, II. For linearly elastic
rotational spring constant and is defined as the moment the spring materials, the bending moment M and the column curvature are re-
can sustain for a unit rotation. The roof beam framing into the top lated as follows
column segment also provides some kind of restraint against lat-
2
eral deflection. KD represents the spring extensional stiffness and d wi
Mi ¼ EIi 2
ð2Þ
is defined as the transverse force the spring sustains for a unit dis- dxi
placement. The upper column segment is loaded axially by a com-
pressive load cNEd, 0 6 c 6 1 that is applied with an eccentricity e0. From Eqs. (1) and (2) we obtain the general fourth-order differential
The crane load (1 c)NEd is eccentrically applied to the lower seg- equilibrium equation
ment at a distance e1. The column is also subjected to a concen- !
2 2 2
trated lateral load H = nNEd at the step (1 6 n 6 1). The forces d d wi d wi
2
EIi 2
Ni 2
¼ 0 or wIV 2 00
i þ li wi ¼ 0 ð3Þ
retain their direction as the column deflects. dxi dxi dxi
This model offers a clear physical illustration and solid grounds
in the mechanics of the problem. The fourth-order equilibrium where li is given by
equations for this column are derived below using the equilibrium
NEd cNEd
method. In this classical approach, the problem is reduced to an ei- l2I ¼ and l2II ¼ ð4Þ
gen-boundary-value problem and the critical conditions are the EII EIII
eigenvalues. The governing differential equation of equilibrium is The general solution of this equation is
written in the following form [15]
Member I : wI ¼ A1 sin lI x þ A2 cos lI x þ A3 x þ A4
ð5Þ
2
d Mi
2
d wi Member II : wII ¼ B1 sin lII x þ B2 cos lII x þ B3 x þ B4
2
Ni 2
¼0 ð1Þ
dxi dxi
where Aj, Bj are constants (j = 1, 2, 3, 4). This solution must satisfy
the boundary conditions that are given by
at xI ¼ 0 wI ¼ 0
EII w00I ¼ K ha w0I
at the splice location wI jxI ¼LI ¼ wII jxII ¼0

EII w00I x ¼L þ EIII w00II x ¼0 þ ð1 cÞNEd e1 þ cNEd e2 ¼ 0
I I
II
ð6Þ
EII wI x ¼L þ K hc w0II x ¼0 w0I
00
þ ð1 cÞN Ed e1 þ cNEd e2 ¼ 0
I I II xI ¼LI

EII wI NEd wI x ¼L ¼ EIII wII cNEd w0II x ¼0 þ H
000 0 000
I I II
at xII ¼ LII EIII w00II ¼ K hb w0II cN Ed e0

II cN Ed wII ¼ K Db wII
EIII w000 0
From Eqs. (5) and (6), the following eight linear algebraic equations 3.2. Effect of column moments on the load capacity
in the eight constants Aj and Bj are obtained
2 3 The eccentric loads and lateral forces produce end moments at
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
each column segment. The maximum load sustained by the col-
6 K ha lI NEd K ha 0 0 0 0 0 7
6 7 umn is a function of the bending moment and is determined from
6 sinðl LI Þ cosðl LI Þ L 1 0 1 0 1 7
6 I I I 7 a load–deflection approach to column analysis.
6 c c4;2 0 0 0 cNEd 0 0 7
6 4;1 7 The load–deflection response corresponds to the solution to the
6 7
6 c5;1 c5;2 K hc 0 K hc lII 0 K hc 0 7 fourth-order differential equilibrium equation, Eq. (3). The column
6 7
6 0 0 NEd 0 0 0 cNEd 0 7 now starts to deform laterally from the commencement of loading
6 7
4 0 0 0 0 c7;5 c7;6 K hb 0 5 and the deflection increases progressively and rapidly with the
0 0 0 0 c8;5 c8;6 c8;7 K Db load. The load–deflection curve approaches the critical buckling
|fflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl{zfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflfflffl}
C
asymptotically.
2 3 2 3 Where the bending effect is secondary compared to the axial
A1 0
6 A2 7 6 0 7 force effect, the structural analysis involves the features of a stabil-
6 7 6 7
6 A3 7 6 0 7 ity problem. In these cases and for design purposes, it is usual to
6 7 6 7
6A 7 6b 7 express column strength directly by means of column curves based
6 47 6 47
6 7¼6 7 ð7Þ on elastic limit analysis [9,13]. The maximum stress in a column
6 B1 7 6 b5 7
6 7 6 7 segment i = I, II under combined bending and thrust is expressed as
6 B2 7 6 b6 7
6 7 6 7
4 B3 5 4 b7 5 NEd;i Mmax;i
rmax;i ¼ þ ð10Þ
B4 0 Ai W el;i
|fflfflffl{zfflfflffl}
b where NEd,I = NEd, NEd,II = cNEd, Ai is the area of cross section,
2
where cj,k are coefficients that are defined as follows W el;i ¼ Ai ii =ci is the section modulus corresponding to the fibre with
maximum elastic stress (ii: radius of gyration, ci: distance from neu-
c4;1 ¼ NEd sinðlI LI Þ tral axis to extreme fibre) and Mmax,i is the maximum moment in
c4;2 ¼ NEd cosðlI LI Þ the column segment that is computed as follows [16]
Mmax;i ¼ AF;i NEd;i wmax;i ð11Þ
c5;1 ¼ NEd sinðlI LI Þ lI K hc cosðlI LI Þ
where AF,i is a moment amplification factor and wmax,i is maximum
c5;2 ¼ NEd cosðlI LI Þ þ lI K hc sinðlI LI Þ
lateral deflection obtained from Eq. (5). The moment amplification
factor depends on the axial force NEd,i. The classical elastic limit
c7;5 ¼ cNEd sinðlII LII Þ lII K hb cosðlII LII Þ analysis requires that the most compressed fibre reaches the yield
c7;6 ¼ cNEd cosðlII LII Þ þ lII K hb sinðlII LII Þ stress fy. Eq. (11) can then be written as
NEd;i
c8;5 ¼ K Db sinðlII LII Þ ð1 þ AF;i gi Þ ¼ fy ð12Þ
Ai
c8;6 ¼ K Db cosðlII LII Þ
whereby gi is the global imperfection parameter defined below
c8;7 ¼ cNEd K Db LII ð8Þ c
gi ¼ 2i wmax;i ð13Þ
and bj are the following coefficients ii
b4 ¼ e1 ð1 cÞNEd þ e2 cNEd Eq. (12) is the Ayrton-Perry formula [17].

The imperfection parameter is a function of the maximum lat-
b5 ¼ e1 ð1 cÞNEd þ e2 cNEd
eral deflection that ultimately depends on the load eccentricity,
b6 ¼ nNEd
initial out-of-straightness of the column and residual stresses. gi
b7 ¼ e0 cNEd ð9Þ can be calculated from the Rondal–Maquoi formula [10] and is de-
fined by
3.1. Critical buckling gi ¼ aðki k0 Þ ð14Þ
ki = KiLi/ii is the column slenderness (KiLi: column segment equiva-
A nontrivial solution to Eq. (3) exists if any of the eight con-
lent length). The column curves adopted in EN 1993-1-1 [9] adopt
stants is not equal to zero. This happens if the determinant of ma-
k0 = 0.2. The imperfection factors a attain different values depend-
trix [C] vanishes. The expansion of this determinant leads to the
ing on the cross-section shape, fabrication process and axis of
characteristic equation. The smallest positive root yields the buck-
bending.
ling load Ncr and the shape of the deflection curve, Eq. (5) (first
If now both bending and axial effects are significant, as in most
eigenvector). Analysis is run within the algebraic manipulator
practical columns in mill buildings, the column segments have to
Mathematica [14].
be treated as beam-columns. For in plane flexural bending, the
To demonstrate this procedure, consider the column as simply
interaction formula based on the attainment of first yield in an ini-
cantilevered at the bottom end (a simplified and conservative
tially stress-free member can be written as follows:
scheme when designing mill building columns, because the re-
straint effect of the roof structure is ignored, as highlighted by Cas- NEd;i MEd;i
tiglioni in [7]). This case is characterized by Kha = 1 and þj 61 ð15Þ
Nb;R;i MR;i
Khb = 0 = KDb. The step is located at a = 0.6. The two column seg-
ments are rigidly connected (Khc = 1). The ratio between the ap- where Nb,R,i is the buckling resistance in the plane of the applied
plied loads is c = 0.1 and the ratio between second moment of moments, given by:
area II/III = 2.5. The smallest root of the characteristic equation
leads to the critical condition and N cr ¼ p2 EII =2:94L2 . Nb;R;i ¼ vAi fy ð16Þ
and v is the reduction factor for flexural buckling [18]. MEd is the 4. Applications
maximum bending moment and MR is the in-plane flexural capac-
ity. MEd is a function of the applied load producing moments (pri- Having formulated the equilibrium equations, the critical buck-
mary moments). In the context of an elastic limit strength ling load of the stepped column is first investigated using linear
criterion, the in-plane flexural capacity is taken as: eigenvalue analysis. The equilibrium paths are then evaluated with
respect to the load eccentricities and geometric imperfections (P–d
M R;i ¼ W el;i fy ð17Þ effect). The geometries of the analysis configurations utilized in
this research are derived from the geometry of the heavier-loaded
column of the steel framework of the Turbine House at Liddell
The interaction factor j is defined by the following general
Power Station, New South Wales, Australia [5]. Different analysis
expression:
configurations are created by changing some of the attributes.
Important geometric and mechanical parameters are varied over
C m;i the practical range of interest in order to evaluate the behaviour
j¼ N
ð18Þ
1 NEd;i of a stepped mill column. Specific characteristics and attributes
cr;i
modelled in these studies are as follows:
that assumes that the out-of-plane displacements are prevented. 1. The column length is fixed to 34 m.
Alternatively, the interaction factor j can be written as follows [19]:
2. The Young’s modulus is fixed to 210 106 kN/m2.
3. The built-in column sections have 610 82.5 mm2 flanges and
C m;i 1067 38 mm2 and 686 38 mm2 webs, for the lower and
j¼ qffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
NEd;i
ð19Þ
cos p2 upper segments, respectively.
Ncr;i
The moment magnifier Cm depends on the loading type and end 4.1. Validation problem
conditions (see Section 5). Appropriate expressions for this equiva-
lent moment factor are derived in Refs. [20,21] and are adopted in In this section the aim is to compare theoretical critical buckling
EN 1993 [9]. load values obtained from the previous section with those from the
Table 1
Buckling load.
Case Ncr (kN)

Energy formulation Equilibrium solution Agrawal and Stafiej model Difference (%)
Sway-prevented columns Clamped ends 366,525 366,003 317,047 13.38
Pinned ends 92,124 92,030 88,129 4.24
Fixed-pinned ends 200,156 200,187 208,982 4.39
Pinned-fixed ends 159,140 158,710 146,902 7.44
Sway columns Fixed-guided ends 66,772 66,644 66,482 0.24
Pinned-guided ends 9713 9736 9792 0.58
Fixed-free ends 41,570 41,403 39,169 5.40
0.1NEd 0.1NEd
14 m 0.9NEd 14 m 0.9NEd
20 m Ncr, sway,ref = 41403 kN 20 m Ncr,non-sway,ref = 92030 kN
II = 0.037 m4 II = 0.037 m4
III = 0.016 m4 III = 0.016 m4
(a) (b)
Fig. 3. Basic stepped column configurations: (a) sway column, and (b) sway-prevented column.
Agrawal and Stafiej model [4] as a benchmark for validation. Seven

column end condition types are considered in calculating the crit- Member cross-section Member I: II = 0.037 m4
ical loads. These types are as follows: Member II: III = 0.016 m4
Splice location a = 0.588 (LI = 20 m)
End conditions Sway-prevented case Clamped ends Splice rotational stiffness Khc ? 1 (rigid splice)
Pinned ends
Loading coefficients c = 0.1 and n = 0
Fixed-pinned ends
Pinned-fixed ends
Sway case Fixed-guided ends
Pinned-guided ends γ NEd γ NEd
Fixed-free ends
The dimensions and properties of the column used in this bench- Upper segment Upper segment
mark study are as follows:
Table 2 e2 = 0
Parametric study. e2
Lower segment Lower segment
Parameter Range of parameter selected
a 0.6–0.9, i = 0.1
II/III 2.31, 4–10, i = 2
c 0.05–0.25, i = 0.05
khc 1, 5, 10, 100, ?1 NEd NEd
khb 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 100, ?1
kDb 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, ?1
e0 (m)
e1 (m)
S235: ±1.0, ±0.5, 0 j S355: ±1.6, ±0.8, 0
0, 0.4255, 0.616, 1.0, 1.5
(a) (b)
e2 (m) 0.1905, 0
n ±0.05, ±0.01, 0 Fig. 4. Column segments eccentricity: (a) no eccentricity, and (b) segments aligned
vertically to the flanges.
1.2 4.5
Sway column
4.0
Sway prevented column
1.0
3.5
Critical load N cr /N cr,ref
0.8 3.0
Parameter γ 2.5
0.6
2.0
0.4 1.5
Parameter α
1.0
0.2 Sway column
0.5 Parameter I I /I II
Sway prevented column
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Range of parameter Range of parameter
(a) (b)
5.0 5.0
Sway column Sway prevented column
4.0 4.0
Splice rotational stiffness Splice rotational stiffness

Critical load N cr/N cr,ref
Top end rotational stiffness Top end rotational stiffness

3.0 3.0
Extensional stiffness Extensional stiffness
2.0 2.0
1.0 1.0
0.0 0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Non-dimensional spring stiffness values Non-dimensional spring stiffness values
(c)
Fig. 5. Buckling loads with a variation in the selected key parameters: (a) varying a and c, (b) varying II/III, and (c) varying non-dimensional spring stiffness values in sway and
sway-prevented columns.
The results given in Table 1 are obtained, which show a good 5. The end conditions (non-dimensional parameters kha, khb and
agreement between the two procedures. This table also shows the kDb).
results of a comparison between the equilibrium formulation and
an energy formulation proposed by the authors in Refs. [22,23]. These variables are varied parametrically as shown in Table 2.
While each parameter is varied, the remaining are kept fixed to
4.2. Column configurations and parameters the original value. The lower member I is taken for reference in
terms of moment of area. k are spring coefficients that are defined
The basic configurations are (i) a cantilevered and (ii) a pin- in non-dimensional forms as follows:
ended stepped column with a rigid splice at the step (Fig. 3). These
schemes lead to a simple and (often) conservative design of the K hi L K Di L3
khi ¼ and kDi ¼ ð20Þ
mill building sway and non-sway systems, respectively, as shown EII EII
in the above section.
The variation of the load eccentricities e0 and e1 and the column
Physical and mechanical changes in these basic configurations
segments eccentricity e2 are considered to investigate the imperfec-
are implemented in a parametric study to ascertain the signifi-
tion sensitivity of a stepped column. The selected values are set out
cance of certain key variables in the buckling load. The critical con-
in Table 2.
dition for a stepped column is now sought with a variation in the
The load eccentricity e0 is varied as a function of the elastic
following parameters:
bending moment of the cross-section in the upper segment, Mel,II,
assuming steel grades S235 and S355. The following values are
1. The splice location (parameter a).
considered in the analysis: ±0.50Mel,II/cNEd and ±0.25Mel,II/cNEd. e1
2. The ratio of the segment second moment of areas (II/III), with III
is taken as 0, 0.5h2, 0.5h1, 1.0 m and 1.5 m. Two situations are ana-
fixed to 0.016 m4.
lysed for column segments eccentricity e2: (i) no eccentricity and
3. The ratio of the applied axial loads at the top of the column and
(ii) segments aligned vertically to the flanges (Fig. 4).
at the stepped level (parameter c).
The horizontal force H = nNEd varies with the axial thrust level
4. The splice rotational stiffness (non-dimensional parameter khc).
and the factor load n is taken as 0, ±0.01 and ±0.05.
1.2 Perf. Col. e1=0.4255m e1=0.616m

1.2 Perf. Col. e1=0.4255m e1=0.616m e1=1.0m e1=1.5m S235
S355
e1=1.0m e1=1.5m S235
S355 1.0
1.0
0.8
Ed /N cr
Load ratio N Ed /N cr
0.8
Load ratioN
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 Displacement ratio w max /L
Displacement ratio w max /L
(a)
(a)
1.2 Perf. Col. e1=0.4255m e1=0.616m 1.2 Perf. Col. e1=0.4255m e1=0.616m
e1=1.0m e1=1.5m S235 e1=1.0m e1=1.5m S235
S355 S355
1.0 1.0
Ed /N cr
0.8 0.8
0.4
0.4
Load ratioN
0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.4 0.4
0.1 0.1
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Displacement ratio w max /L Displacement ratio w max /L
(b) (b)
Fig. 6. Effect of load eccentricity e1; e0 = 0 m and e2 = 0.1905 m: (a) sway column, Fig. 7. Effect of load eccentricity e1; e0 = 0.5 m and e2 = 0.1905 m: (a) sway
and (b) sway-prevented column. column, and (b) sway-prevented column.
4.3. Summary of analysis results a, c and khc. Several column end conditions are addressed, includ-
ing the standard end fixities encountered in practical sway and
4.3.1. Critical buckling non-sway mill building systems.
The significance of each of the above variables on the buckling
load is summarized in this section. The key results are included 4.3.3. Eccentrically loaded columns
in Fig. 5.
If all the tests in a matrix composed of the load eccentricity val-
The graphs show that the buckling load is strongly linked to the ues outlined in Table 2 were conducted, a total of 100 analyses
splice location (Fig. 5a). The response Ncr vs. a is also a function of
would need to be considered for each column configuration. How-
the degree of rotational and extensional restraint at the column ever, many of these tests were ruled out by first executing a subset
ends (Fig. 5a) (cf. Refs. [22,23]). In general, the behaviour is charac-
of these studies to ascertain that several combinations have a
terized by a quasi-linear response. Fig. 5a also shows the buckling smaller influence on the behaviour.
load with different levels of the ratio of the applied axial loads. As
The effect of the selected amplitudes of load eccentricities on
can be seen, the increase in the load at the top contributes to yield- the maximum load of the basic column configurations is depicted
ing lower values of the overall load-carrying capacity.
in Figs. 6–8 for the cases of sway columns and sway-prevented col-
The ratio II/III is another key parameter influencing the overall umns, respectively. The curves are represented in terms of normal-
buckling behaviour of a stepped column. Representative examples ized axial load NEd/Ncr and normalised maximum displacement
of Ncr vs. II/III are shown in Fig. 5b. Typical behaviour is character- wmax/L. The maximum deflection wmax is obtained from the
ized by a monotonic increasing function that can be generally requirement dw/dx = 0 for sway-prevented columns and corre-
approximated by a simple linear relationship [22,23]. sponds to the absolute lateral displacement at the end able to sway
The spring stiffness coefficients have major importance on the in the case of sway columns. The design load set on the basis of
stability behaviour of stepped columns. For any value of kh and/ maximum strength, Eq. (10), is also included in the plots and is sig-
or kD, the buckling load always increases with increasing values nificantly lower than the evaluated critical load. The design load le-
of k. The qualitative response Ncr vs. k is identical for both sway
vel predicted by EN 1993-1-1 [9], Nb,Rd, is also included in these
and non-sway cases. Typically, over the range 0 6 khc < 10 the plots (horizontal segments). In each of these figures, the black
behaviour is nonlinear with a gradual reduction in stiffness up to
squares correspond to S235 columns (fy = 215 MPa) and the back
the maximum critical load followed by a relatively flat curve. circles to S355 columns (fy = 335 MPa).
Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate the effect of varying e0 and e1 in sway and
4.3.2. Equivalent length factors sway-prevented columns. In Fig. 6, e0 = 0 and e1 is varies from 0.5
In order to provide the structural engineer with simple design h2 to an extreme value of 1.5 m. The curves in Fig. 7 are plotted for
tools, equivalent length charts are appended to this paper (see e0 = 0.5 m and for the above values of eccentricity e1. All the curves
Appendix A). These design tables contain effective length values in these figures are for constant e2 = 0.1905 m. As can be seen,
for stepped columns, in terms of four parameters: the ratio II/III,
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4 Perfect column ξ = 0.05
0.2 ξ = 0.01 ξ=0
ξ = −0.01 ξ = −0.05
0.2 Perfect column ξ = 0.05 S235 S355
ξ = 0.01 S235 0.0
S355 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
0.0
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 Displacement ratio w max /L
(a)
(a)
1.2 1.2
1.0 1.0
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 Perfect column ξ = 0.05 0.2 ξ = 0.05

Perfect column
ξ = 0.01 S235 ξ = 0.01 ξ=0
S355 S235 S355
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
Displacement ratio w max /L Displacement ratio w max /L
(b) (b)
Fig. 8. Effect of factor load n; n = 0.01 and n = 0.05: (a) sway column, and (b) sway- Fig. 9. Effect of factor load n and e2 = 0.1905 m; n = ±0.01 and n = ±0.05: (a) sway
prevented column. column, and (b) sway-prevented column.
1.2 Table 3
Details of the case studies.
1.0
Case Sway columnjSway prevented column
0.8 S1jSP1 S2jSP2 S3jSP3 S4jSP4

Load eccentricity e0 (m) 0 1 0 0
0.6 e1 (m) 0.4255 0 0 0
e2 (m) 0.1905 0 0 0
0.4 Horizontal force n 0 0 0.01 0.05
Perfect column ξ = 0.05

0.2 ξ = 0.01
ξ = −0.01
ξ = −0.05
S355 S235
0.0 1. When the column is subjected to a combination of axial loads
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
and primary bending moments, the maximum load carrying
capacity falls far below the critical load.
(a) 2. The variations in the eccentricity e2 have a small influence on
the load–deflection response, particularly in the case of sway-
1.2
prevented columns.
1.0 5. Design implications

0.8 Some implications for design can be deduced from the re-
sponses that have been presented. The design interaction equation
0.6 is given by Eq. (15). This criterion assumes a linear interaction of
the axial force NEd,i and the maximum bending moment (first-
0.4
and second-order moment):
0.2 Perfect column ξ = 0.05 Mmax;i ¼ jM Ed;i ð21Þ
ξ = 0.01 ξ = −0.01
ξ = −0.05 S235
0.0 S355 for each column segment. The interaction factor j is given by Eqs.
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 (18) or (19) and depends explicitly on coefficient Cm. The loading
Displacement ratio w max /L conditions in all design case studies suggest a linear distribution
(b) of the first-order bending moment acting on each segment. Let M1
and wM1 be the column segment end moments, with 1 6 w 6 1.
Fig. 10. Effect of factor load n,e2 = 0.1905 m on sway columns and (a) e0 = 0.5 m, In this case, the EN 1993-1-1 adopts the following expression:
(b) e0 = 0.5 m.
N Ed;i
C m;i ¼ 0:79 þ 0:21w þ 0:36ðw 0:33Þ ð22Þ
even a moderate load eccentricity e1 has a significant effect on the Ncr;i
load carrying capacity for all the cases. The following behaviour is
The margin between the actual maximum bending moment (Mac-
evident from the above figures:
tual), Eq. (2), and the design amplified bending moment, Eqs. (18),
(19), (21) and (22), is illustrated in four cases selected from the
1. The presence of load eccentricities reduces significantly the car-
parametric study (Table 3). These examples were carefully chosen
rying capacity of the structural system.
so as to represent the isolated effect of (i) the load eccentricities
2. For both sway and sway-prevented columns, the load capacity
on the lower segment (case 1), (ii) the load eccentricity on the upper
based on the EN1993-1-1 rules is overpredicted.
segment (case 2), and (iii) the magnitude of the horizontal load act-
3. The variations in the top load eccentricity e0 have a smaller
ing at the step (cases 3 and 4). Both sway and sway prevented basic
influence on the load–deflection response when compared to
configurations (columns made from S355) are considered for fur-
the step load eccentricity e1.This trend appears to be more evi-
ther analysis. Figs. 11 and 12 plot the moment vs. axial force re-
dent in the case of sway-prevented columns.
sponse in no dimensional form for the selected examples (sway
and sway-prevented columns, respectively) and for both column
4.3.4. Additional column moments segments. Key points are:
The column moment distribution along the length of the mem-
ber is obtained from Eq. (2). Figs. 8–10 illustrate the effect of addi- 1. The design amplified moment computed by means of Eqs. (19)
tional column moments due to the lateral force H = nNEd at the and (21) gives a better approximation to the actual bending
step. Naturally, the eccentric axial loads also produce moments moment.
in the column. Fig. 8 shows load–deflections curves that help in 2. In the case of sway columns, the actual bending moments are
assessing the isolated effect of a lateral force by means of a variable very close to the predicted values at all levels of column axial
load factor n. Again, the design load level Nb,Rd anticipated by EN loading for the lower segment (Fig. 11a).
1993-1-1 is included. The plots in Fig. 9 show the effect of changing 3. It can be seen from Fig. 11b that this trend is not observed for
the load factor n for column segments aligned vertically to the the upper segment. Comparison of the actual bending moment
flanges. In Fig. 9 the solid grey lines correspond to columns in distribution for cases 1, 3 and 4, which is essentially a second-
which the load factor n and eccentricities e0 and e1 are null. These order moment and the null amplified bending moment indi-
curves highlight the small influence of the variable e2 on the over- cates that an important assumption inherent in the current
all behaviour, especially in the case of sway-prevented columns. Fi- design procedure does not agree with the actual system behav-
nally, the curves in Fig. 10 combine the effect of n and e0, for the iour. On the contrary, case 2 incorporates the effect of the load
particular case of sway columns. eccentricity e0. In this case, the primary bending moments can
The following trends can be observed from the plots in be significant. The predicted amplified moments however do
Figs. 8–10: not compare well to the actual values.
1.2 1.2
Ed /N cr
1.0 1.0
Ed /N cr
0.8 0.8
Load ratio N
Load ratio N
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
Mactual, Eq. (2) Mactual, Eq. (2)
0.2 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 0.2 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Moment ratio M max /Wel fy Moment ratio M max /Wel fy
Case 1 Case 2
1.2 1.2
1.0 1.0
Ed /N cr
Ed /N cr
0.8 0.8
Load ratio N
Load ratio N
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 0.2 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Moment ratio M max /Wel fy Moment ratio M max /Wel fy
Case 3 Case 4
(a)
1.2 1.2
Mactual, Eq. (2)
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
1.0
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
Mactual, Eq. (2)
0.2 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 0.2
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Moment ratio Mmax /Wel fy Moment ratio Mmax /Wel f y
Case 1 Case 2
1.2 1.2
1.0 1.0
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 0.2 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Moment ratio Mmax /Wel f y Moment ratio Mmax /Wel f y
Case 3 Case 4
(b)
Fig. 11. Column moments: sway columns (a) Segment I, and (b) Segment II.
1.2 1.2
Mactual, Eq. (2)
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 1.0
Load ratio N Ed /N cr Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
Mactual, Eq. (2)

0.2 0.2
Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Moment ratio M max /Wel f y Moment ratio M max /Wel f y
Case 1 Case 2
1.2 1.2
1.0 1.0
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4

0.2 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 0.2 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Moment ratio M max /Wel f y Moment ratio M max /Wel f y
Case 3 Case 4
(a)
1.2 1.2
Mactual, Eq. (2)
1.0 1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
Ed /N cr
Ed /N cr
0.8 0.8
Load ratio N
Load ratio N
0.6 0.6
Mactual, Eq. (2)
Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
0.4 0.4
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Moment ratio M max /W el fy Moment ratio M max /W el fy
Case 1 Case 2
1.2 1.2
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
Ed /N cr
Ed /N cr
0.8 0.8
Load ratio N
Load ratio N
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Moment ratio M max /W el fy Moment ratio M max /W el fy
Case 3 Case 4
(b)
Fig. 12. Column moments: sway-prevented columns (a) Segment I, and (b) Segment II.
1.2 1.2
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
Ed /N cr
Ed /N cr
0.8 0.8
Load ratio N
Load ratio N
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Interaction equation F (N, M ) Interaction equation F (N, M )
Case 1 Case 2
1.2 1.2
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
Ed /N cr
Ed /N cr
0.8 0.8
Load ratio N
Load ratio N
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Case 3 Case 4
(a)
1.2 1.2
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Case 1 Case 2
1.2 1.2
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Case 3 Case 4
(b)
Fig. 13. Interaction formula: sway columns (a) Segment I, and (b) Segment II.
1.2 1.2
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
Ed /N cr
Ed /N cr
0.8 0.8
Load ratio N
Load ratio N
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Case 1 Case 2
1.2 1.2
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
Ed /N cr
Ed /N cr
0.8 0.8
Load ratio N
Load ratio N
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Case 3 Case 4
(a)
1.2 1.2
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Case 1 Case 2
1.2 1.2
1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21) 1.0 Mmax - Eqs. (18,21)
Mmax - Eqs. (19,21) Mmax - Eqs. (19,21)
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
Case 3 Case 4
(b)
Fig. 14. Interaction formula: sway-prevented columns (a) Segment I, and (b) Segment II.
4. The next family of examples correspond to sway-prevented col- 6. Concluding remarks

umns (Fig. 12). Fig. 12a compares the moment vs. axial force
responses for segment 1, showing a fairly good agreement This paper has aimed to investigate more practically realistic
between predicted and actual values, especially for cases 2, 3 structural responses of mill building columns. Most of these build-
and 4. From Fig. 12a – case 1, it is apparent that for low axial ings primarily serve as an area for production and/or storage. Hea-
load levels the design amplified moments correspond to the vy crane loads dominate the design of many structural elements in
actual values. For axial load levels of 30% NEd/Ncr and above, these structures. Columns, in particular, have to carry significant
there is a clear divergence of the curves. axial loads and strength reducing bending moments.
5. In contrast, for segment 2, the design amplified moments are Mill building columns have a propensity to buckle under com-
not good predictors of the actual bending moment acting at pression, primarily due to their characteristic of being slender.
the column segment. This is quite evident from case 1 that Therefore, knowledge of the buckling behaviour of these columns
was found to be a rare case where the moment passes from and the moment distribution is important to design the system
positive to negative as the axial load increases. Note that the safely and more efficiently. Modern design codes, such as EN
curve is plotted for absolute moment values. 1993, indicate design to be based on an interaction formula based
on second-order in-plane elastic theory. Application of this interac-
The most relevant aspect in design is the practical application of tion formula for several different cases is discussed above.
the interaction formula that has the following form: Following these conclusions, it is recommended that the EN
1993 design should be improved to predict the strength of heavy
NEd;i M max;i
FðN; MÞ ¼ þ ð23Þ stepped columns by consideration of the column segments
v Ai f y W el;i fy
interaction.
According to EN 1993-1-1, the designer has to ensure F(N, M) 6 1 –
Eq. (15). It can be seen from Figs. 13 and 14 that the design ap-
proach indicate satisfactory results in assessing the column carrying Appendix A. Design tables
capacity, as observed in the (limited) range of tests analysed above.
It can be appreciated that in the case of sway columns in which the The design tables presented below contain effective length fac-
upper segment is bending-stress free leads to an overestimation of tors K1 and K2 for stepped columns, in terms of practical values of
the column overall capacity. the ratio II/III, the step location a, the ratio between the applied ax-
In the light of the above discussion it follows that proper con- ial loads at the top of the column and at the stepped level c and the
sideration of the interaction effect between both column segments splice rotational stiffness khc. Several column end conditions are
has to be incorporated in the design approach. addressed (see Fig. A.1).
Case 1.1 Case 1.2 Case 1.3 Case 1.4 Case 1.5 Case 1.6
(pinned-guided ends) (fixed-free ends) (fixed bottom, kθb = 5) (kθa = 5 = kθb) (kθa = 5, guided top) (fixed-guided ends)
(a)
Case 2.1 Case 2.2 Case 2.3 Case 2.4 Case 2.5 Case 2.6 Case 2.7 Case 2.8 Case 2.9
(pinned ends) (kθa = 5, pinned top) (fixed-pinned ends) (pinned bottom, kθb = 5) (kθa = 5 = kθb) (fixed bottom, kθb = 5) (pinned-fixed ends) (kθa = 5, fixed top) (clamped ends)
(b)
Fig. A.1. Column end conditions – design table cases: (a) sway column (kDb = 0), and (b) sway-prevented column (kDb = 1).
Sway column Case 1.1 Case 1.2 Case 1.3 Case 1.4 Case 1.5 Case 1.6
II/III a c khc C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2
2 0.6 0.05 1 0.06 7.02 33.31 0.63 2.09 9.92 0.79 1.87 8.88 0.34 2.85 13.51 0.35 2.81 13.32 0.81 1.85 8.79
5 0.12 4.81 22.84 0.65 2.07 9.83 0.88 1.78 8.45 0.40 2.63 12.49 0.44 2.51 11.91 0.94 1.72 8.15
10 0.14 4.46 21.18 0.65 2.07 9.82 0.90 1.76 8.35 0.42 2.58 12.26 0.47 2.44 11.56 0.98 1.68 7.97
1 0.17 4.09 19.38 0.65 2.07 9.81 0.92 1.73 8.22 0.44 2.53 11.98 0.51 2.34 11.12 1.04 1.63 7.75
0.10 1 0.06 7.03 23.56 0.55 2.26 7.57 0.79 1.88 6.30 0.34 2.85 9.57 0.35 2.81 9.43 0.81 1.86 6.22
5 0.12 4.82 16.18 0.60 2.16 7.23 0.86 1.80 6.03 0.40 2.65 8.88 0.44 2.52 8.45 0.93 1.73 5.79
10 0.14 4.48 15.01 0.60 2.15 7.21 0.88 1.78 5.97 0.41 2.60 8.72 0.46 2.45 8.20 0.97 1.69 5.67
1 0.17 4.10 13.75 0.61 2.14 7.18 0.90 1.76 5.89 0.43 2.55 8.55 0.50 2.36 7.90 1.02 1.65 5.52
0.15 1 0.06 7.03 19.25 0.45 2.49 6.81 0.78 1.88 5.16 0.34 2.86 7.83 0.35 2.81 7.70 0.81 1.86 5.09
5 0.12 4.83 13.23 0.55 2.25 6.17 0.84 1.81 4.97 0.39 2.66 7.29 0.44 2.53 6.92 0.92 1.73 4.75
10 0.14 4.49 12.29 0.56 2.23 6.12 0.86 1.80 4.93 0.40 2.62 7.17 0.46 2.45 6.72 0.96 1.70 4.66
1 0.16 4.11 11.27 0.56 2.22 6.07 0.87 1.78 4.88 0.42 2.57 7.04 0.50 2.37 6.49 1.01 1.66 4.55
0.20 1 0.06 7.03 16.68 0.37 2.74 6.50 0.78 1.89 4.48 0.34 2.86 6.79 0.35 2.81 6.67 0.80 1.86 4.41
5 0.12 4.84 11.48 0.50 2.36 5.59 0.83 1.83 4.35 0.39 2.68 6.35 0.43 2.53 6.01 0.92 1.74 4.13
10 0.14 4.50 10.67 0.51 2.32 5.51 0.84 1.82 4.32 0.40 2.64 6.25 0.46 2.46 5.84 0.95 1.71 4.06
1 0.16 4.13 9.79 0.53 2.30 5.45 0.85 1.81 4.29 0.41 2.59 6.15 0.49 2.38 5.65 0.99 1.68 3.98
0.25 1 0.06 7.03 14.92 0.31 2.99 6.34 0.77 1.90 4.03 0.34 2.87 6.08 0.35 2.82 5.97 0.80 1.86 3.95
5 0.12 4.85 10.29 0.46 2.46 5.23 0.81 1.85 3.93 0.38 2.69 5.71 0.43 2.54 5.39 0.91 1.75 3.71
10 0.14 4.51 9.56 0.48 2.42 5.13 0.82 1.84 3.91 0.39 2.66 5.63 0.45 2.47 5.25 0.93 1.72 3.66
1 0.16 4.14 8.79 0.49 2.38 5.04 0.82 1.84 3.89 0.41 2.62 5.55 0.49 2.39 5.08 0.97 1.69 3.59
0.7 0.05 1 0.05 6.32 46.62 0.49 2.05 15.13 0.60 1.84 13.60 0.29 2.67 19.74 0.29 2.63 19.42 0.62 1.82 13.44
5 0.12 4.19 30.89 0.49 2.04 15.08 0.69 1.72 12.68 0.35 2.42 17.89 0.39 2.29 16.87 0.76 1.64 12.09
10 0.14 3.84 28.33 0.49 2.04 15.08 0.72 1.69 12.45 0.36 2.37 17.46 0.42 2.20 16.21 0.81 1.59 11.71
1 0.17 3.46 25.54 0.49 2.04 15.07 0.75 1.65 12.17 0.39 2.30 16.94 0.47 2.08 15.35 0.89 1.52 11.19
0.10 1 0.05 6.32 32.97 0.45 2.12 11.06 0.60 1.85 9.63 0.28 2.68 13.97 0.29 2.63 13.73 0.61 1.82 9.51
5 0.12 4.19 21.86 0.47 2.09 10.92 0.68 1.73 9.01 0.34 2.43 12.69 0.39 2.29 11.95 0.76 1.64 8.57
10 0.14 3.84 20.06 0.47 2.09 10.91 0.71 1.70 8.86 0.36 2.38 12.40 0.42 2.20 11.48 0.81 1.59 8.30
1 0.17 3.47 18.09 0.47 2.09 10.89 0.74 1.66 8.68 0.38 2.31 12.05 0.47 2.09 10.88 0.88 1.52 7.95
0.15 1 0.05 6.32 26.93 0.42 2.21 9.43 0.60 1.85 7.87 0.28 2.68 11.41 0.29 2.63 11.22 0.61 1.82 7.76
5 0.12 4.19 17.87 0.44 2.14 9.14 0.68 1.74 7.40 0.34 2.44 10.40 0.39 2.29 9.77 0.75 1.65 7.01
10 0.14 3.85 16.40 0.45 2.14 9.11 0.70 1.71 7.29 0.36 2.39 10.17 0.42 2.20 9.39 0.80 1.60 6.80
1 0.17 3.47 14.80 0.45 2.13 9.09 0.72 1.68 7.15 0.38 2.32 9.89 0.47 2.09 8.91 0.87 1.53 6.52
0.20 1 0.05 6.32 23.32 0.38 2.33 8.59 0.60 1.85 6.83 0.28 2.68 9.89 0.29 2.63 9.72 0.61 1.82 6.73
5 0.12 4.20 15.49 0.42 2.20 8.12 0.67 1.75 6.44 0.34 2.45 9.03 0.39 2.30 8.47 0.75 1.65 6.09
10 0.14 3.85 14.22 0.43 2.19 8.08 0.69 1.72 6.35 0.36 2.40 8.84 0.42 2.21 8.15 0.80 1.60 5.91
1 0.17 3.48 12.84 0.43 2.18 8.04 0.71 1.69 6.25 0.37 2.33 8.61 0.46 2.10 7.74 0.86 1.54 5.67
0.25 1 0.05 6.32 20.86 0.34 2.46 8.12 0.59 1.85 6.12 0.28 2.68 8.86 0.29 2.63 8.69 0.61 1.82 6.02
5 0.12 4.20 13.86 0.40 2.26 7.45 0.66 1.76 5.79 0.34 2.46 8.11 0.39 2.30 7.59 0.75 1.65 5.45
10 0.14 3.86 12.73 0.41 2.24 7.39 0.68 1.73 5.72 0.35 2.41 7.94 0.42 2.21 7.30 0.79 1.61 5.30
1 0.17 3.49 11.50 0.41 2.23 7.34 0.70 1.71 5.64 0.37 2.35 7.75 0.46 2.10 6.94 0.86 1.54 5.10
0.8 0.05 1 0.05 5.74 72.54 0.38 2.03 25.63 0.48 1.81 22.93 0.24 2.53 32.02 0.25 2.48 31.42 0.49 1.79 22.60
5 0.12 3.65 46.18 0.38 2.02 25.61 0.57 1.65 20.89 0.31 2.24 28.37 0.36 2.08 26.34 0.65 1.55 19.60
10 0.14 3.30 41.78 0.38 2.02 25.61 0.60 1.61 20.36 0.33 2.17 27.49 0.40 1.97 24.94 0.72 1.48 18.68
1 0.18 2.92 36.91 0.38 2.02 25.61 0.65 1.56 19.68 0.36 2.09 26.41 0.47 1.83 23.12 0.83 1.38 17.39
0.10 1 0.05 5.74 51.30 0.37 2.06 18.41 0.48 1.81 16.22 0.24 2.53 22.65 0.25 2.48 22.22 0.49 1.79 15.98
5 0.12 3.65 32.66 0.37 2.05 18.35 0.57 1.66 14.81 0.31 2.25 20.10 0.36 2.08 18.63 0.65 1.55 13.87
10 0.14 3.30 29.55 0.37 2.05 18.34 0.60 1.62 14.45 0.33 2.18 19.48 0.40 1.97 17.65 0.72 1.48 13.22
1 0.18 2.92 26.12 0.37 2.05 18.34 0.64 1.56 13.99 0.36 2.09 18.73 0.47 1.83 16.37 0.82 1.38 12.32
0.15 1 0.05 5.74 41.89 0.36 2.10 15.31 0.47 1.81 13.25 0.24 2.53 18.50 0.25 2.48 18.14 0.49 1.79 13.05
5 0.12 3.65 26.68 0.36 2.08 15.18 0.57 1.66 12.12 0.31 2.25 16.44 0.36 2.08 15.22 0.65 1.55 11.33
10 0.14 3.31 24.14 0.36 2.08 15.17 0.59 1.62 11.84 0.33 2.18 15.94 0.40 1.97 14.42 0.71 1.48 10.81
1 0.18 2.92 21.34 0.36 2.08 15.16 0.63 1.57 11.48 0.35 2.10 15.34 0.47 1.83 13.38 0.82 1.38 10.08
0.20 1 0.05 5.74 36.28 0.34 2.14 13.53 0.47 1.82 11.48 0.24 2.53 16.03 0.25 2.48 15.71 0.49 1.79 11.31
5 0.12 3.65 23.11 0.35 2.11 13.33 0.56 1.66 10.53 0.31 2.25 14.26 0.36 2.08 13.19 0.65 1.55 9.82
10 0.14 3.31 20.92 0.35 2.10 13.31 0.59 1.63 10.29 0.33 2.19 13.84 0.40 1.98 12.50 0.71 1.48 9.37
1 0.18 2.92 18.49 0.35 2.10 13.29 0.63 1.58 9.99 0.35 2.11 13.33 0.46 1.83 11.60 0.82 1.38 8.75
0.25 1 0.05 5.74 32.45 0.33 2.19 12.38 0.47 1.82 10.28 0.24 2.54 14.34 0.25 2.48 14.06 0.49 1.79 10.11
5 0.12 3.65 20.67 0.34 2.14 12.08 0.56 1.67 9.44 0.31 2.26 12.78 0.36 2.09 11.80 0.65 1.55 8.79
(continued on next page)

Appendix A (continued)
10 0.14 3.31 18.71 0.34 2.13 12.06 0.59 1.63 9.24 0.32 2.19 12.41 0.40 1.98 11.18 0.71 1.48 8.39
1 0.18 2.93 16.55 0.35 2.13 12.03 0.62 1.59 8.98 0.35 2.11 11.96 0.46 1.84 10.39 0.81 1.39 7.84
0.9 0.05 1 0.05 5.24 149.06 0.31 2.01 57.23 0.39 1.78 50.68 0.21 2.41 68.53 0.22 2.36 67.05 0.40 1.75 49.81
5 0.12 3.18 90.43 0.31 2.01 57.22 0.50 1.58 44.87 0.29 2.08 59.07 0.35 1.89 53.66 0.59 1.44 41.12
10 0.15 2.82 80.39 0.31 2.01 57.22 0.53 1.52 43.28 0.31 1.99 56.70 0.40 1.75 49.82 0.68 1.34 38.26
1 0.21 2.43 69.22 0.31 2.01 57.22 0.59 1.45 41.20 0.35 1.89 53.73 0.50 1.57 44.76 0.85 1.20 34.20
0.10 1 0.05 5.24 105.40 0.30 2.02 40.71 0.39 1.78 35.84 0.21 2.41 48.47 0.22 2.36 47.41 0.40 1.75 35.22
5 0.12 3.18 63.95 0.30 2.02 40.69 0.50 1.58 31.76 0.29 2.08 41.80 0.35 1.89 37.95 0.59 1.44 29.08
10 0.15 2.82 56.85 0.30 2.02 40.69 0.53 1.52 30.65 0.31 1.99 40.13 0.40 1.75 35.23 0.68 1.34 27.06
1 0.21 2.43 48.95 0.30 2.02 40.69 0.59 1.45 29.20 0.35 1.89 38.04 0.50 1.57 31.66 0.85 1.20 24.19
0.15 1 0.05 5.24 86.06 0.30 2.04 33.46 0.39 1.78 29.27 0.21 2.41 39.58 0.22 2.36 38.71 0.40 1.75 28.76
5 0.12 3.18 52.22 0.30 2.03 33.41 0.49 1.58 25.96 0.29 2.08 34.15 0.35 1.89 30.98 0.59 1.45 23.75
10 0.15 2.82 46.42 0.30 2.03 33.41 0.53 1.52 25.06 0.31 2.00 32.79 0.40 1.75 28.77 0.68 1.34 22.10
1 0.21 2.43 39.98 0.30 2.03 33.40 0.58 1.45 23.89 0.34 1.89 31.11 0.50 1.57 25.86 0.85 1.20 19.76
0.20 1 0.05 5.24 74.53 0.29 2.05 29.17 0.39 1.78 25.35 0.21 2.41 34.28 0.22 2.36 33.52 0.40 1.75 24.91
5 0.12 3.18 45.22 0.30 2.05 29.10 0.49 1.58 22.50 0.29 2.08 29.59 0.35 1.89 26.84 0.59 1.45 20.57
10 0.15 2.83 40.20 0.30 2.04 29.09 0.53 1.53 21.73 0.31 2.00 28.43 0.40 1.75 24.92 0.68 1.35 19.14
1 0.21 2.43 34.62 0.30 2.04 29.09 0.58 1.46 20.74 0.34 1.90 26.98 0.50 1.57 22.40 0.85 1.20 17.12
0.25 1 0.05 5.24 66.66 0.29 2.06 26.28 0.39 1.78 22.68 0.21 2.41 30.67 0.22 2.36 29.98 0.40 1.75 22.28
5 0.12 3.18 40.45 0.29 2.06 26.18 0.49 1.58 20.15 0.29 2.08 26.49 0.35 1.89 24.00 0.59 1.45 18.40
10 0.15 2.83 35.96 0.29 2.06 26.17 0.53 1.53 19.47 0.31 2.00 25.45 0.40 1.75 22.29 0.68 1.35 17.13
1 0.21 2.43 30.97 0.29 2.06 26.16 0.58 1.46 18.59 0.34 1.90 24.16 0.50 1.57 20.04 0.85 1.20 15.32
4 0.6 0.05 1 0.03 9.76 32.74 0.60 2.14 7.19 0.74 1.93 6.49 0.20 3.74 12.56 0.20 3.70 12.42 0.75 1.92 6.45
5 0.06 6.55 21.98 0.64 2.08 6.98 0.78 1.88 6.32 0.23 3.51 11.76 0.25 3.36 11.28 0.82 1.84 6.17
10 0.08 6.04 20.24 0.64 2.08 6.96 0.79 1.87 6.28 0.23 3.45 11.58 0.26 3.27 10.98 0.84 1.82 6.09
1 0.09 5.47 18.35 0.65 2.07 6.95 0.80 1.86 6.23 0.24 3.38 11.35 0.28 3.15 10.58 0.87 1.78 5.98
0.10 1 0.03 9.77 23.16 0.43 2.55 6.04 0.74 1.94 4.60 0.20 3.75 8.89 0.20 3.70 8.78 0.75 1.92 4.56
5 0.06 6.57 15.58 0.58 2.19 5.20 0.77 1.90 4.52 0.22 3.53 8.36 0.24 3.37 8.00 0.81 1.85 4.39
10 0.08 6.05 14.36 0.59 2.17 5.15 0.77 1.90 4.50 0.23 3.47 8.24 0.26 3.28 7.79 0.83 1.83 4.34
1 0.09 5.49 13.03 0.60 2.15 5.10 0.78 1.89 4.48 0.24 3.41 8.09 0.28 3.17 7.52 0.86 1.80 4.27
0.15 1 0.03 9.77 18.92 0.31 3.01 5.84 0.73 1.95 3.78 0.20 3.76 7.27 0.20 3.71 7.18 0.75 1.93 3.73
5 0.06 6.58 12.75 0.51 2.33 4.52 0.75 1.93 3.73 0.22 3.54 6.86 0.24 3.38 6.55 0.80 1.86 3.60
10 0.08 6.07 11.76 0.53 2.28 4.42 0.75 1.92 3.73 0.23 3.50 6.77 0.26 3.30 6.39 0.82 1.84 3.57
1 0.09 5.52 10.68 0.55 2.24 4.34 0.75 1.92 3.72 0.23 3.44 6.67 0.27 3.19 6.18 0.84 1.82 3.52
0.20 1 0.03 9.78 16.39 0.24 3.44 5.76 0.72 1.97 3.30 0.20 3.76 6.31 0.20 3.71 6.22 0.75 1.93 3.24
5 0.06 6.60 11.06 0.45 2.49 4.18 0.73 1.96 3.28 0.22 3.56 5.98 0.24 3.39 5.69 0.79 1.87 3.14
10 0.07 6.09 10.21 0.48 2.41 4.04 0.73 1.96 3.28 0.22 3.52 5.91 0.25 3.31 5.55 0.81 1.86 3.11
1 0.09 5.54 9.29 0.51 2.34 3.92 0.73 1.95 3.28 0.23 3.47 5.82 0.27 3.21 5.38 0.82 1.84 3.09
0.25 1 0.03 9.78 14.67 0.19 3.82 5.73 0.70 1.99 2.99 0.20 3.77 5.65 0.20 3.71 5.57 0.74 1.93 2.90
5 0.06 6.61 9.91 0.39 2.66 3.99 0.70 1.99 2.98 0.22 3.59 5.38 0.24 3.40 5.10 0.78 1.88 2.83
10 0.07 6.11 9.16 0.43 2.54 3.81 0.70 1.99 2.98 0.22 3.55 5.32 0.25 3.32 4.98 0.79 1.87 2.81
1 0.09 5.57 8.35 0.47 2.44 3.66 0.70 1.99 2.98 0.23 3.50 5.25 0.27 3.22 4.84 0.80 1.86 2.79
0.7 0.05 1 0.03 8.75 45.63 0.48 2.06 10.76 0.56 1.92 10.00 0.17 3.49 18.22 0.17 3.45 17.98 0.56 1.90 9.93
5 0.06 5.62 29.33 0.49 2.05 10.68 0.60 1.84 9.61 0.20 3.22 16.79 0.22 3.05 15.92 0.64 1.78 9.30
10 0.08 5.10 26.60 0.49 2.05 10.67 0.62 1.82 9.50 0.21 3.15 16.43 0.24 2.94 15.32 0.67 1.74 9.10
1 0.10 4.52 23.57 0.49 2.04 10.66 0.63 1.80 9.37 0.22 3.06 15.99 0.26 2.78 14.51 0.72 1.69 8.80
0.10 1 0.03 8.75 32.27 0.43 2.19 8.08 0.55 1.92 7.08 0.17 3.50 12.89 0.17 3.45 12.72 0.56 1.90 7.02
5 0.06 5.63 20.76 0.46 2.10 7.76 0.60 1.85 6.83 0.20 3.23 11.91 0.22 3.06 11.27 0.64 1.79 6.59
10 0.08 5.11 18.84 0.46 2.10 7.73 0.61 1.84 6.77 0.20 3.16 11.67 0.24 2.94 10.85 0.67 1.75 6.45
1 0.10 4.53 16.71 0.47 2.09 7.71 0.62 1.81 6.69 0.21 3.08 11.37 0.26 2.79 10.29 0.71 1.70 6.26
0.15 1 0.03 8.75 26.36 0.35 2.40 7.24 0.55 1.92 5.79 0.17 3.50 10.54 0.17 3.45 10.39 0.56 1.90 5.73
5 0.06 5.63 16.97 0.43 2.17 6.53 0.59 1.86 5.61 0.19 3.24 9.76 0.22 3.06 9.22 0.64 1.79 5.40
10 0.08 5.11 15.40 0.44 2.15 6.48 0.60 1.85 5.57 0.20 3.18 9.57 0.23 2.95 8.88 0.66 1.76 5.29
1 0.10 4.54 13.68 0.45 2.14 6.44 0.61 1.83 5.52 0.21 3.10 9.34 0.26 2.80 8.43 0.70 1.71 5.14
0.20 1 0.03 8.75 22.83 0.29 2.66 6.93 0.55 1.93 5.02 0.17 3.50 9.13 0.17 3.45 9.00 0.56 1.90 4.97
5 0.06 5.64 14.71 0.41 2.24 5.84 0.58 1.88 4.90 0.19 3.25 8.48 0.22 3.06 7.99 0.63 1.80 4.69
10 0.08 5.12 13.36 0.42 2.21 5.77 0.59 1.87 4.87 0.20 3.19 8.32 0.23 2.95 7.71 0.66 1.76 4.60
1 0.10 4.55 11.87 0.43 2.19 5.71 0.59 1.85 4.83 0.21 3.12 8.13 0.26 2.81 7.33 0.69 1.72 4.48
0.25 1 0.03 8.75 20.42 0.24 2.91 6.79 0.55 1.93 4.51 0.17 3.50 8.18 0.17 3.45 8.05 0.56 1.91 4.45
5 0.06 5.64 13.17 0.38 2.32 5.41 0.57 1.89 4.41 0.19 3.26 7.61 0.22 3.07 7.16 0.63 1.80 4.20
10 0.08 5.13 11.97 0.39 2.28 5.31 0.58 1.88 4.39 0.20 3.20 7.48 0.23 2.96 6.91 0.65 1.77 4.13
1 0.10 4.56 10.64 0.41 2.24 5.23 0.58 1.87 4.37 0.21 3.14 7.32 0.26 2.82 6.57 0.68 1.73 4.03
0.8 0.05 1 0.03 7.90 70.66 0.38 2.03 18.15 0.43 1.90 16.97 0.14 3.29 29.40 0.15 3.24 28.95 0.44 1.88 16.82
5 0.07 4.81 43.01 0.38 2.03 18.12 0.49 1.79 16.03 0.18 2.97 26.54 0.20 2.77 24.74 0.53 1.71 15.31
10 0.09 4.27 38.19 0.38 2.03 18.12 0.50 1.76 15.76 0.19 2.88 25.78 0.23 2.62 23.41 0.57 1.65 14.75
1 0.12 3.65 32.69 0.38 2.03 18.11 0.53 1.72 15.39 0.20 2.77 24.81 0.27 2.41 21.54 0.65 1.55 13.89
0.10 1 0.03 7.90 49.97 0.36 2.07 13.10 0.43 1.90 12.01 0.14 3.29 20.79 0.15 3.24 20.48 0.44 1.88 11.90
5 0.07 4.81 30.42 0.37 2.05 12.99 0.48 1.80 11.37 0.18 2.97 18.80 0.20 2.77 17.50 0.53 1.71 10.84
10 0.09 4.27 27.02 0.37 2.05 12.98 0.50 1.77 11.19 0.19 2.89 18.28 0.23 2.62 16.57 0.57 1.65 10.45
1 0.12 3.66 23.14 0.37 2.05 12.97 0.52 1.73 10.95 0.20 2.78 17.61 0.27 2.41 15.25 0.64 1.56 9.85
0.15 1 0.03 7.90 40.80 0.34 2.13 11.01 0.43 1.90 9.81 0.14 3.29 16.98 0.15 3.24 16.72 0.44 1.88 9.72
5 0.07 4.81 24.85 0.36 2.08 10.76 0.48 1.80 9.31 0.18 2.98 15.38 0.20 2.77 14.30 0.53 1.72 8.86
10 0.09 4.27 22.07 0.36 2.08 10.74 0.50 1.78 9.17 0.19 2.90 14.96 0.23 2.62 13.54 0.57 1.65 8.54
1 0.12 3.66 18.92 0.36 2.08 10.72 0.51 1.74 9.00 0.20 2.79 14.43 0.27 2.42 12.47 0.64 1.56 8.06
0.20 1 0.03 7.90 35.34 0.32 2.21 9.90 0.43 1.90 8.50 0.14 3.29 14.71 0.15 3.24 14.48 0.44 1.88 8.42
5 0.07 4.81 21.53 0.35 2.12 9.47 0.48 1.81 8.09 0.18 2.98 13.34 0.20 2.77 12.39 0.53 1.72 7.68
10 0.09 4.28 19.13 0.35 2.11 9.43 0.49 1.78 7.98 0.19 2.90 12.99 0.23 2.62 11.74 0.57 1.66 7.41
1 0.12 3.67 16.40 0.35 2.10 9.41 0.51 1.75 7.84 0.20 2.80 12.54 0.27 2.42 10.82 0.64 1.57 7.00
0.25 1 0.03 7.90 31.61 0.29 2.32 9.27 0.43 1.90 7.61 0.14 3.29 13.17 0.15 3.24 12.95 0.44 1.88 7.53
5 0.07 4.82 19.26 0.34 2.15 8.60 0.47 1.82 7.26 0.17 2.99 11.95 0.20 2.77 11.09 0.53 1.72 6.87
10 0.09 4.28 17.12 0.34 2.14 8.56 0.49 1.79 7.17 0.18 2.91 11.64 0.23 2.63 10.51 0.57 1.66 6.64
1 0.12 3.67 14.69 0.34 2.13 8.52 0.50 1.76 7.06 0.20 2.81 11.25 0.27 2.42 9.69 0.63 1.57 6.28
0.9 0.05 1 0.02 7.17 144.38 0.31 2.01 40.48 0.35 1.88 37.78 0.13 3.11 62.64 0.13 3.06 61.54 0.36 1.86 37.38
5 0.07 4.07 81.94 0.31 2.01 40.47 0.41 1.73 34.89 0.16 2.74 55.08 0.20 2.49 50.05 0.47 1.62 32.60
10 0.10 3.50 70.44 0.31 2.01 40.47 0.43 1.69 33.98 0.18 2.63 52.95 0.24 2.29 46.05 0.54 1.52 30.57
1 0.15 2.83 56.87 0.31 2.01 40.47 0.47 1.62 32.69 0.20 2.49 50.13 0.31 1.99 40.07 0.68 1.35 27.07
0.10 1 0.02 7.17 102.09 0.30 2.03 28.82 0.35 1.88 26.72 0.13 3.11 44.30 0.13 3.06 43.51 0.36 1.86 26.44
5 0.07 4.07 57.94 0.30 2.02 28.78 0.41 1.74 24.70 0.16 2.74 38.98 0.20 2.49 35.39 0.47 1.62 23.05
10 0.10 3.50 49.81 0.30 2.02 28.78 0.43 1.69 24.07 0.18 2.63 37.48 0.24 2.29 32.57 0.53 1.52 21.62
1 0.15 2.83 40.22 0.30 2.02 28.77 0.47 1.63 23.18 0.20 2.49 35.50 0.31 1.99 28.35 0.68 1.35 19.16
0.15 1 0.02 7.17 83.36 0.30 2.04 23.71 0.35 1.88 21.82 0.13 3.11 36.17 0.13 3.06 35.53 0.36 1.86 21.58
5 0.07 4.07 47.31 0.30 2.03 23.64 0.41 1.74 20.20 0.16 2.74 31.85 0.20 2.49 28.90 0.47 1.62 18.83
10 0.10 3.50 40.68 0.30 2.03 23.63 0.43 1.69 19.69 0.18 2.64 30.64 0.24 2.29 26.60 0.53 1.52 17.66
1 0.15 2.83 32.85 0.30 2.03 23.62 0.46 1.63 18.98 0.20 2.50 29.04 0.31 1.99 23.15 0.68 1.35 15.66
0.20 1 0.02 7.17 72.19 0.29 2.06 20.71 0.35 1.88 18.90 0.13 3.11 31.33 0.13 3.06 30.77 0.36 1.86 18.69
5 0.07 4.07 40.98 0.29 2.05 20.59 0.41 1.74 17.51 0.16 2.74 27.60 0.20 2.49 25.03 0.47 1.62 16.31
10 0.10 3.50 35.23 0.30 2.05 20.58 0.43 1.70 17.08 0.18 2.64 26.56 0.24 2.29 23.04 0.53 1.52 15.30
1 0.15 2.83 28.46 0.30 2.04 20.57 0.46 1.64 16.49 0.20 2.50 25.19 0.31 1.99 20.06 0.68 1.35 13.57
0.25 1 0.02 7.17 64.57 0.29 2.08 18.70 0.35 1.88 16.91 0.13 3.11 28.03 0.13 3.06 27.52 0.36 1.86 16.72
5 0.07 4.07 36.65 0.29 2.06 18.53 0.41 1.74 15.68 0.16 2.75 24.71 0.20 2.49 22.39 0.47 1.62 14.59
10 0.10 3.50 31.51 0.29 2.06 18.52 0.43 1.70 15.31 0.18 2.64 23.78 0.24 2.29 20.61 0.53 1.52 13.69
1 0.15 2.83 25.46 0.29 2.06 18.50 0.46 1.64 14.79 0.20 2.51 22.57 0.31 1.99 17.95 0.68 1.35 12.15
6 0.6 0.05 1 0.02 11.89 32.55 0.55 2.25 6.16 0.73 1.96 5.36 0.14 4.46 12.22 0.14 4.41 12.09 0.73 1.95 5.33
5 0.04 7.92 21.70 0.64 2.09 5.72 0.75 1.93 5.28 0.16 4.20 11.50 0.17 4.04 11.05 0.78 1.89 5.18
10 0.05 7.28 19.93 0.64 2.08 5.70 0.75 1.92 5.26 0.16 4.14 11.33 0.18 3.93 10.77 0.79 1.87 5.13
1 0.06 6.57 18.00 0.65 2.07 5.68 0.76 1.91 5.23 0.17 4.06 11.12 0.19 3.79 10.39 0.81 1.85 5.07
0.10 1 0.02 11.89 23.03 0.32 2.93 5.67 0.72 1.97 3.81 0.14 4.47 8.65 0.14 4.42 8.55 0.73 1.95 3.78
5 0.04 7.94 15.37 0.55 2.24 4.33 0.73 1.95 3.78 0.16 4.22 8.17 0.17 4.05 7.84 0.77 1.90 3.68
10 0.05 7.30 14.14 0.58 2.20 4.25 0.73 1.95 3.77 0.16 4.16 8.06 0.18 3.95 7.64 0.78 1.89 3.66
1 0.06 6.60 12.79 0.59 2.16 4.19 0.74 1.94 3.76 0.17 4.09 7.93 0.19 3.82 7.39 0.79 1.87 3.62
0.15 1 0.02 11.90 18.81 0.22 3.54 5.60 0.71 1.98 3.14 0.14 4.47 7.07 0.14 4.42 6.99 0.73 1.95 3.09
5 0.04 7.96 12.58 0.47 2.44 3.86 0.71 1.98 3.13 0.15 4.24 6.71 0.17 4.06 6.42 0.76 1.91 3.03
10 0.05 7.32 11.58 0.51 2.34 3.71 0.71 1.98 3.13 0.16 4.19 6.63 0.18 3.96 6.26 0.77 1.90 3.01
1 0.06 6.63 10.49 0.54 2.27 3.59 0.71 1.98 3.13 0.16 4.13 6.53 0.19 3.84 6.07 0.78 1.89 2.99

0.20 1 0.02 11.90 16.30 0.17 4.07 5.58 0.68 2.02 2.77 0.14 4.48 6.14 0.14 4.42 6.05 0.73 1.96 2.68
5 0.04 7.98 10.92 0.39 2.67 3.66 0.68 2.02 2.77 0.15 4.27 5.84 0.17 4.07 5.57 0.75 1.93 2.64
10 0.05 7.35 10.06 0.44 2.52 3.44 0.68 2.02 2.77 0.16 4.22 5.78 0.18 3.98 5.45 0.75 1.92 2.63
1 0.06 6.66 9.13 0.49 2.39 3.27 0.68 2.02 2.77 0.16 4.16 5.70 0.19 3.86 5.28 0.76 1.91 2.62
0.25 1 0.02 11.91 14.58 0.13 4.54 5.56 0.62 2.12 2.59 0.14 4.49 5.50 0.14 4.42 5.42 0.72 1.96 2.40
5 0.04 7.99 9.79 0.33 2.91 3.56 0.65 2.07 2.54 0.15 4.29 5.26 0.17 4.08 5.00 0.73 1.94 2.38
10 0.05 7.37 9.03 0.38 2.70 3.30 0.65 2.07 2.53 0.15 4.25 5.20 0.17 3.99 4.89 0.74 1.94 2.38
1 0.06 6.70 8.20 0.44 2.51 3.08 0.65 2.06 2.53 0.16 4.20 5.15 0.18 3.88 4.75 0.74 1.94 2.37
0.7 0.05 1 0.02 10.63 45.30 0.47 2.08 8.86 0.54 1.94 8.28 0.12 4.15 17.67 0.12 4.10 17.46 0.55 1.93 8.23
5 0.04 6.76 28.80 0.49 2.05 8.73 0.57 1.89 8.06 0.14 3.85 16.38 0.15 3.66 15.57 0.60 1.85 7.86
10 0.05 6.11 26.01 0.49 2.05 8.72 0.58 1.88 8.00 0.14 3.77 16.05 0.16 3.52 15.00 0.62 1.82 7.73
1 0.07 5.37 22.90 0.49 2.04 8.71 0.59 1.86 7.92 0.15 3.67 15.64 0.18 3.34 14.22 0.65 1.77 7.54
0.10 1 0.02 10.64 32.04 0.38 2.32 7.00 0.54 1.95 5.86 0.12 4.15 12.50 0.12 4.10 12.35 0.55 1.93 5.83
5 0.04 6.77 20.39 0.46 2.11 6.37 0.56 1.90 5.73 0.14 3.86 11.62 0.15 3.66 11.03 0.60 1.85 5.57
10 0.05 6.12 18.42 0.46 2.10 6.33 0.57 1.89 5.70 0.14 3.78 11.40 0.16 3.53 10.63 0.61 1.82 5.49
1 0.07 5.39 16.24 0.47 2.09 6.31 0.58 1.88 5.66 0.15 3.69 11.12 0.18 3.35 10.09 0.64 1.78 5.37
0.15 1 0.02 10.64 26.16 0.28 2.69 6.62 0.54 1.95 4.80 0.12 4.15 10.21 0.12 4.10 10.08 0.55 1.93 4.76
5 0.04 6.77 16.66 0.42 2.19 5.40 0.56 1.92 4.72 0.14 3.87 9.52 0.15 3.67 9.01 0.59 1.86 4.56
10 0.05 6.13 15.07 0.43 2.17 5.33 0.56 1.91 4.70 0.14 3.80 9.35 0.16 3.54 8.70 0.61 1.83 4.50
1 0.07 5.40 13.29 0.44 2.15 5.28 0.56 1.90 4.68 0.15 3.71 9.13 0.18 3.36 8.27 0.63 1.79 4.41
0.20 1 0.02 10.64 22.66 0.22 3.06 6.51 0.53 1.96 4.17 0.12 4.16 8.85 0.12 4.10 8.73 0.54 1.94 4.12
5 0.04 6.78 14.45 0.39 2.29 4.88 0.55 1.93 4.12 0.14 3.88 8.27 0.15 3.67 7.82 0.59 1.86 3.96
10 0.05 6.14 13.07 0.41 2.24 4.77 0.55 1.93 4.11 0.14 3.82 8.13 0.16 3.54 7.55 0.60 1.84 3.91
1 0.07 5.42 11.54 0.42 2.20 4.69 0.55 1.92 4.10 0.15 3.74 7.96 0.18 3.37 7.18 0.63 1.80 3.84
0.25 1 0.02 10.64 20.27 0.18 3.39 6.46 0.53 1.96 3.74 0.12 4.16 7.93 0.12 4.10 7.81 0.54 1.94 3.69
5 0.04 6.79 12.94 0.35 2.40 4.57 0.54 1.95 3.72 0.13 3.90 7.42 0.15 3.68 7.00 0.59 1.87 3.56
10 0.05 6.15 11.71 0.38 2.32 4.42 0.54 1.95 3.71 0.14 3.83 7.30 0.16 3.55 6.76 0.60 1.85 3.52
1 0.07 5.43 10.35 0.40 2.26 4.30 0.54 1.95 3.71 0.14 3.76 7.16 0.18 3.38 6.45 0.62 1.82 3.46
0.8 0.05 1 0.02 9.59 70.03 0.38 2.03 14.84 0.42 1.93 14.09 0.10 3.89 28.42 0.11 3.84 28.03 0.42 1.92 14.00
5 0.05 5.74 41.93 0.38 2.03 14.80 0.46 1.85 13.53 0.12 3.54 25.86 0.14 3.31 24.17 0.49 1.79 13.06
10 0.06 5.06 36.95 0.38 2.03 14.79 0.47 1.83 13.36 0.13 3.45 25.16 0.16 3.13 22.88 0.52 1.74 12.69
1 0.09 4.27 31.21 0.38 2.03 14.79 0.48 1.80 13.13 0.14 3.32 24.24 0.19 2.88 21.00 0.57 1.65 12.07
0.10 1 0.02 9.59 49.52 0.36 2.09 10.80 0.42 1.93 9.97 0.10 3.89 20.10 0.11 3.84 19.82 0.42 1.92 9.90
5 0.05 5.74 29.66 0.37 2.06 10.62 0.45 1.86 9.60 0.12 3.55 18.32 0.14 3.31 17.10 0.49 1.79 9.24
10 0.06 5.06 26.15 0.37 2.05 10.61 0.46 1.84 9.49 0.13 3.45 17.83 0.16 3.14 16.19 0.52 1.74 8.98
1 0.09 4.28 22.10 0.37 2.05 10.59 0.48 1.81 9.35 0.14 3.33 17.20 0.19 2.88 14.87 0.57 1.66 8.56
0.15 1 0.02 9.59 40.44 0.32 2.19 9.25 0.42 1.93 8.15 0.10 3.89 16.42 0.11 3.84 16.19 0.42 1.92 8.09
5 0.05 5.75 24.23 0.36 2.09 8.81 0.45 1.87 7.86 0.12 3.55 14.98 0.14 3.31 13.97 0.49 1.79 7.56
10 0.06 5.07 21.36 0.36 2.08 8.79 0.46 1.85 7.79 0.13 3.46 14.60 0.16 3.14 13.23 0.51 1.74 7.35
1 0.09 4.28 18.07 0.36 2.08 8.76 0.47 1.82 7.68 0.14 3.34 14.10 0.19 2.89 12.17 0.56 1.66 7.01
0.20 1 0.02 9.59 35.02 0.28 2.35 8.57 0.42 1.93 7.06 0.10 3.90 14.22 0.11 3.84 14.02 0.42 1.92 7.00
5 0.05 5.75 20.99 0.35 2.13 7.77 0.45 1.87 6.84 0.12 3.56 13.00 0.14 3.31 12.10 0.49 1.79 6.55
10 0.06 5.07 18.52 0.35 2.12 7.72 0.45 1.86 6.78 0.13 3.47 12.67 0.16 3.14 11.47 0.51 1.75 6.37
1 0.08 4.29 15.67 0.35 2.11 7.69 0.46 1.83 6.70 0.14 3.36 12.25 0.19 2.89 10.55 0.56 1.67 6.09
0.25 1 0.02 9.59 31.33 0.24 2.53 8.25 0.42 1.94 6.32 0.10 3.90 12.73 0.11 3.84 12.54 0.42 1.92 6.27
5 0.05 5.75 18.78 0.33 2.17 7.08 0.44 1.88 6.14 0.12 3.57 11.65 0.14 3.32 10.83 0.48 1.80 5.86
10 0.06 5.07 16.57 0.34 2.15 7.02 0.45 1.87 6.09 0.13 3.48 11.36 0.16 3.14 10.27 0.51 1.75 5.71
1 0.08 4.30 14.03 0.34 2.13 6.97 0.46 1.85 6.03 0.14 3.37 11.00 0.19 2.90 9.46 0.56 1.67 5.47
0.9 0.05 1 0.02 8.69 142.81 0.30 2.01 33.06 0.34 1.91 31.46 0.09 3.68 60.41 0.09 3.62 59.45 0.34 1.90 31.23
5 0.05 4.81 79.00 0.31 2.01 33.05 0.38 1.81 29.68 0.12 3.26 53.62 0.14 2.97 48.79 0.42 1.71 28.11
10 0.07 4.07 66.92 0.31 2.01 33.05 0.39 1.77 29.08 0.13 3.14 51.61 0.17 2.72 44.77 0.47 1.62 26.62
1 0.12 3.18 52.25 0.31 2.01 33.04 0.42 1.72 28.20 0.14 2.97 48.87 0.23 2.33 38.34 0.59 1.45 23.76
0.10 1 0.02 8.69 100.98 0.30 2.03 23.55 0.34 1.92 22.25 0.09 3.68 42.72 0.09 3.62 42.04 0.34 1.90 22.08
5 0.05 4.81 55.86 0.30 2.02 23.51 0.38 1.81 21.01 0.12 3.27 37.94 0.14 2.97 34.50 0.42 1.71 19.88
10 0.07 4.07 47.32 0.30 2.02 23.50 0.39 1.77 20.60 0.12 3.14 36.53 0.17 2.73 31.66 0.47 1.62 18.83
1 0.12 3.18 36.96 0.30 2.02 23.50 0.42 1.72 20.00 0.14 2.98 34.62 0.23 2.33 27.12 0.59 1.45 16.82
0.15 1 0.02 8.69 82.45 0.30 2.05 19.40 0.34 1.92 18.17 0.09 3.68 34.89 0.09 3.62 34.32 0.34 1.90 18.03
5 0.05 4.81 45.62 0.30 2.04 19.31 0.38 1.81 17.18 0.12 3.27 31.00 0.14 2.97 28.17 0.42 1.71 16.24
10 0.07 4.07 38.64 0.30 2.03 19.30 0.39 1.78 16.85 0.12 3.15 29.86 0.17 2.73 25.86 0.47 1.62 15.38
1 0.12 3.18 30.19 0.30 2.03 19.29 0.41 1.73 16.38 0.14 2.98 28.32 0.23 2.34 22.16 0.59 1.45 13.75
0.20 1 0.02 8.69 71.41 0.29 2.07 16.99 0.34 1.92 15.74 0.09 3.68 30.22 0.09 3.62 29.73 0.34 1.90 15.61
5 0.05 4.81 39.51 0.29 2.05 16.83 0.38 1.81 14.90 0.12 3.27 26.87 0.14 2.97 24.40 0.42 1.71 14.06
10 0.07 4.07 33.47 0.29 2.05 16.81 0.39 1.78 14.63 0.12 3.15 25.89 0.17 2.73 22.40 0.47 1.62 13.32
1 0.12 3.18 26.15 0.30 2.04 16.80 0.41 1.73 14.24 0.14 2.99 24.57 0.23 2.34 19.20 0.59 1.45 11.92
0.25 1 0.02 8.69 63.87 0.28 2.10 15.41 0.34 1.92 14.08 0.09 3.68 27.03 0.09 3.62 26.59 0.34 1.90 13.97
5 0.05 4.81 35.34 0.29 2.06 15.15 0.37 1.82 13.34 0.12 3.27 24.05 0.14 2.97 21.83 0.42 1.71 12.58
10 0.07 4.07 29.94 0.29 2.06 15.13 0.39 1.78 13.11 0.12 3.15 23.18 0.17 2.73 20.04 0.47 1.62 11.92
1 0.12 3.18 23.40 0.29 2.06 15.11 0.41 1.74 12.77 0.14 3.00 22.01 0.23 2.34 17.18 0.59 1.45 10.67
8 0.6 0.05 1 0.01 13.69 32.46 0.47 2.42 5.75 0.72 1.97 4.67 0.11 5.08 12.04 0.11 5.02 11.92 0.72 1.96 4.65
5 0.03 9.09 21.55 0.63 2.10 4.98 0.73 1.95 4.62 0.12 4.79 11.36 0.13 4.61 10.94 0.76 1.92 4.55
10 0.04 8.34 19.77 0.64 2.09 4.95 0.73 1.94 4.61 0.12 4.72 11.20 0.14 4.49 10.66 0.77 1.91 4.52
1 0.05 7.52 17.82 0.64 2.08 4.93 0.74 1.94 4.60 0.13 4.64 11.00 0.15 4.34 10.29 0.78 1.89 4.48
0.10 1 0.01 13.69 22.96 0.25 3.30 5.54 0.71 1.98 3.32 0.11 5.08 8.52 0.11 5.03 8.43 0.72 1.96 3.29
5 0.03 9.11 15.27 0.52 2.30 3.86 0.71 1.98 3.31 0.12 4.82 8.08 0.13 4.62 7.75 0.75 1.93 3.24
10 0.04 8.36 14.03 0.56 2.23 3.74 0.71 1.98 3.31 0.12 4.75 7.97 0.14 4.51 7.57 0.75 1.92 3.22
1 0.05 7.55 12.66 0.59 2.18 3.65 0.71 1.97 3.31 0.13 4.68 7.84 0.15 4.36 7.32 0.76 1.91 3.20
0.15 1 0.01 13.70 18.76 0.17 4.02 5.51 0.68 2.02 2.76 0.11 5.09 6.97 0.11 5.03 6.89 0.72 1.97 2.69
5 0.03 9.13 12.50 0.42 2.58 3.54 0.68 2.02 2.76 0.12 4.84 6.63 0.13 4.64 6.35 0.74 1.94 2.66
10 0.04 8.39 11.49 0.47 2.42 3.32 0.68 2.02 2.76 0.12 4.78 6.55 0.14 4.53 6.20 0.74 1.94 2.65
1 0.05 7.59 10.39 0.52 2.30 3.16 0.68 2.02 2.76 0.12 4.72 6.46 0.14 4.39 6.01 0.74 1.93 2.65
0.20 1 0.01 13.70 16.25 0.13 4.63 5.49 0.60 2.15 2.55 0.11 5.10 6.05 0.11 5.03 5.97 0.71 1.97 2.34
5 0.03 9.15 10.85 0.33 2.88 3.42 0.65 2.07 2.46 0.12 4.87 5.77 0.13 4.65 5.51 0.72 1.96 2.33
10 0.04 8.42 9.98 0.40 2.65 3.14 0.65 2.07 2.45 0.12 4.82 5.71 0.13 4.55 5.39 0.72 1.96 2.32
1 0.05 7.63 9.04 0.46 2.45 2.90 0.65 2.06 2.44 0.12 4.76 5.64 0.14 4.41 5.23 0.73 1.96 2.32
0.25 1 0.01 13.71 14.54 0.10 5.17 5.49 0.50 2.35 2.49 0.11 5.11 5.42 0.11 5.04 5.34 0.70 1.99 2.11
5 0.03 9.17 9.73 0.28 3.17 3.36 0.60 2.15 2.28 0.12 4.90 5.19 0.13 4.66 4.94 0.71 1.98 2.10
10 0.04 8.45 8.96 0.34 2.87 3.05 0.61 2.13 2.26 0.12 4.85 5.14 0.13 4.56 4.84 0.71 1.98 2.10
1 0.05 7.66 8.13 0.41 2.60 2.76 0.62 2.11 2.24 0.12 4.80 5.09 0.14 4.44 4.71 0.71 1.98 2.10
0.7 0.05 1 0.01 12.23 45.14 0.46 2.11 7.77 0.53 1.96 7.22 0.09 4.71 17.38 0.09 4.66 17.18 0.54 1.95 7.19
5 0.03 7.73 28.53 0.48 2.05 7.57 0.55 1.92 7.08 0.11 4.38 16.17 0.12 4.17 15.39 0.58 1.88 6.94
10 0.04 6.97 25.72 0.49 2.05 7.56 0.56 1.91 7.04 0.11 4.30 15.86 0.13 4.02 14.84 0.59 1.86 6.85
1 0.05 6.11 22.56 0.49 2.05 7.55 0.57 1.90 6.99 0.12 4.19 15.46 0.14 3.81 14.07 0.62 1.82 6.72
0.10 1 0.01 12.24 31.92 0.32 2.52 6.56 0.53 1.96 5.12 0.09 4.71 12.30 0.09 4.66 12.15 0.54 1.95 5.09
5 0.03 7.74 20.20 0.45 2.13 5.55 0.55 1.93 5.04 0.11 4.40 11.47 0.12 4.18 10.90 0.57 1.89 4.92
10 0.04 6.98 18.22 0.46 2.11 5.50 0.55 1.93 5.02 0.11 4.32 11.26 0.13 4.03 10.52 0.59 1.86 4.86
1 0.05 6.13 16.00 0.46 2.10 5.47 0.56 1.92 5.00 0.11 4.21 10.99 0.14 3.83 9.99 0.61 1.83 4.78
0.15 1 0.01 12.24 26.07 0.23 3.00 6.40 0.53 1.97 4.19 0.09 4.72 10.05 0.09 4.66 9.92 0.54 1.95 4.16
5 0.03 7.75 16.51 0.41 2.23 4.75 0.54 1.95 4.15 0.10 4.41 9.39 0.12 4.18 8.91 0.57 1.89 4.03
10 0.04 6.99 14.90 0.43 2.18 4.65 0.54 1.94 4.14 0.11 4.33 9.23 0.13 4.04 8.60 0.58 1.87 3.99
1 0.05 6.15 13.10 0.44 2.15 4.59 0.54 1.94 4.13 0.11 4.24 9.03 0.14 3.84 8.18 0.60 1.84 3.93
0.20 1 0.01 12.24 22.58 0.17 3.44 6.35 0.52 1.98 3.64 0.09 4.72 8.71 0.09 4.66 8.60 0.54 1.95 3.60
5 0.03 7.76 14.32 0.37 2.36 4.35 0.53 1.97 3.63 0.10 4.43 8.16 0.12 4.19 7.73 0.57 1.90 3.50
10 0.04 7.01 12.93 0.39 2.27 4.19 0.53 1.97 3.63 0.11 4.35 8.03 0.12 4.05 7.47 0.58 1.88 3.47
1 0.05 6.17 11.38 0.42 2.21 4.08 0.53 1.96 3.62 0.11 4.26 7.86 0.14 3.85 7.11 0.59 1.86 3.43
0.25 1 0.01 12.24 20.20 0.14 3.83 6.32 0.51 1.99 3.28 0.09 4.72 7.80 0.09 4.66 7.69 0.53 1.95 3.22
5 0.03 7.77 12.82 0.33 2.50 4.13 0.52 1.99 3.28 0.10 4.44 7.33 0.12 4.20 6.92 0.56 1.90 3.14
10 0.04 7.02 11.58 0.36 2.37 3.92 0.52 1.99 3.28 0.11 4.37 7.21 0.12 4.06 6.69 0.57 1.89 3.12
1 0.05 6.19 10.21 0.39 2.28 3.76 0.52 1.99 3.28 0.11 4.29 7.07 0.14 3.87 6.38 0.58 1.87 3.09
0.8 0.05 1 0.01 11.02 69.71 0.38 2.04 12.88 0.41 1.95 12.31 0.08 4.41 27.91 0.08 4.36 27.55 0.42 1.94 12.25
5 0.04 6.54 41.39 0.38 2.03 12.82 0.44 1.89 11.93 0.10 4.03 25.51 0.11 3.78 23.88 0.47 1.83 11.59
10 0.05 5.74 36.33 0.38 2.03 12.81 0.45 1.87 11.82 0.10 3.93 24.83 0.12 3.58 22.61 0.49 1.79 11.32
1 0.07 4.82 30.45 0.38 2.03 12.81 0.46 1.84 11.66 0.11 3.79 23.95 0.15 3.28 20.73 0.53 1.72 10.86
0.10 1 0.01 11.02 49.30 0.35 2.12 9.48 0.41 1.95 8.71 0.08 4.41 19.74 0.08 4.36 19.48 0.42 1.94 8.66
5 0.04 6.55 29.28 0.37 2.06 9.21 0.44 1.89 8.47 0.10 4.04 18.07 0.11 3.78 16.89 0.46 1.83 8.21

10 0.05 5.75 25.71 0.37 2.06 9.19 0.44 1.88 8.40 0.10 3.94 17.60 0.12 3.58 16.00 0.49 1.79 8.02
1 0.07 4.82 21.57 0.37 2.05 9.18 0.45 1.86 8.30 0.11 3.80 17.00 0.14 3.28 14.68 0.53 1.72 7.70
0.15 1 0.01 11.02 40.25 0.30 2.29 8.38 0.41 1.95 7.12 0.08 4.42 16.12 0.08 4.36 15.91 0.42 1.94 7.07
5 0.04 6.55 23.92 0.36 2.10 7.66 0.43 1.90 6.94 0.10 4.05 14.78 0.11 3.78 13.80 0.46 1.84 6.71
10 0.05 5.75 21.01 0.36 2.09 7.62 0.44 1.89 6.89 0.10 3.95 14.41 0.12 3.58 13.08 0.48 1.80 6.56
1 0.07 4.83 17.64 0.36 2.08 7.59 0.45 1.87 6.82 0.11 3.81 13.93 0.14 3.29 12.01 0.52 1.73 6.31
0.20 1 0.01 11.02 34.86 0.24 2.53 8.01 0.41 1.95 6.17 0.08 4.42 13.97 0.08 4.36 13.78 0.42 1.94 6.13
5 0.04 6.55 20.72 0.34 2.14 6.77 0.43 1.91 6.03 0.10 4.05 12.82 0.11 3.78 11.96 0.46 1.84 5.81
10 0.05 5.76 18.21 0.35 2.12 6.71 0.43 1.90 6.00 0.10 3.96 12.51 0.12 3.59 11.34 0.48 1.80 5.69
1 0.07 4.84 15.30 0.35 2.11 6.67 0.44 1.88 5.95 0.11 3.83 12.11 0.14 3.30 10.42 0.52 1.73 5.48
0.25 1 0.01 11.03 31.18 0.20 2.78 7.86 0.41 1.95 5.53 0.08 4.42 12.50 0.08 4.36 12.32 0.42 1.94 5.48
5 0.04 6.56 18.54 0.33 2.19 6.19 0.43 1.92 5.42 0.09 4.06 11.49 0.11 3.78 10.70 0.46 1.84 5.21
10 0.05 5.76 16.30 0.33 2.16 6.11 0.43 1.91 5.39 0.10 3.97 11.22 0.12 3.59 10.15 0.48 1.80 5.10
1 0.07 4.84 13.70 0.34 2.14 6.04 0.43 1.90 5.36 0.11 3.84 10.87 0.14 3.30 9.34 0.52 1.74 4.92
0.9 0.05 1 0.01 9.98 142.02 0.30 2.01 28.64 0.33 1.93 27.53 0.07 4.16 59.24 0.07 4.10 58.35 0.33 1.92 27.37
5 0.04 5.45 77.51 0.31 2.01 28.62 0.36 1.85 26.30 0.09 3.71 52.85 0.11 3.38 48.15 0.40 1.77 25.14
10 0.06 4.58 65.12 0.31 2.01 28.62 0.37 1.82 25.87 0.10 3.58 50.91 0.13 3.10 44.12 0.43 1.69 23.99
1 0.10 3.50 49.83 0.31 2.01 28.62 0.39 1.77 25.22 0.11 3.39 48.23 0.18 2.63 37.43 0.53 1.52 21.63
0.10 1 0.01 9.98 100.43 0.30 2.03 20.42 0.33 1.94 19.47 0.07 4.16 41.89 0.07 4.10 41.26 0.33 1.92 19.35
5 0.04 5.45 54.81 0.30 2.02 20.36 0.36 1.85 18.62 0.09 3.72 37.40 0.11 3.38 34.05 0.40 1.77 17.78
10 0.06 4.58 46.05 0.30 2.02 20.35 0.37 1.82 18.33 0.10 3.58 36.04 0.13 3.10 31.20 0.43 1.69 16.97
1 0.10 3.50 35.25 0.30 2.02 20.35 0.39 1.78 17.89 0.11 3.40 34.17 0.18 2.63 26.48 0.53 1.52 15.32
0.15 1 0.01 9.98 82.00 0.29 2.05 16.86 0.33 1.94 15.90 0.07 4.16 34.21 0.07 4.10 33.69 0.33 1.92 15.80
5 0.04 5.45 44.76 0.30 2.04 16.73 0.36 1.85 15.22 0.09 3.72 30.56 0.11 3.38 27.80 0.40 1.77 14.52
10 0.06 4.58 37.61 0.30 2.03 16.72 0.37 1.83 14.99 0.10 3.59 29.46 0.13 3.10 25.48 0.43 1.69 13.86
1 0.10 3.51 28.80 0.30 2.03 16.71 0.39 1.78 14.66 0.11 3.40 27.95 0.18 2.63 21.63 0.53 1.52 12.52
0.20 1 0.01 9.98 71.01 0.28 2.08 14.82 0.33 1.94 13.78 0.07 4.16 29.63 0.07 4.10 29.18 0.33 1.92 13.69
5 0.04 5.45 38.77 0.29 2.05 14.58 0.36 1.86 13.20 0.09 3.72 26.48 0.11 3.38 24.08 0.40 1.77 12.58
10 0.06 4.58 32.58 0.29 2.05 14.57 0.37 1.83 13.01 0.10 3.59 25.54 0.13 3.10 22.07 0.43 1.69 12.01
1 0.10 3.51 24.95 0.30 2.05 14.55 0.39 1.79 12.74 0.11 3.41 24.25 0.18 2.63 18.75 0.53 1.53 10.86
0.25 1 0.01 9.98 63.52 0.27 2.12 13.52 0.33 1.94 12.32 0.07 4.16 26.51 0.07 4.10 26.10 0.33 1.92 12.24
5 0.04 5.45 34.68 0.29 2.06 13.13 0.36 1.86 11.83 0.09 3.73 23.71 0.11 3.38 21.54 0.39 1.77 11.25
10 0.06 4.58 29.14 0.29 2.06 13.11 0.37 1.83 11.66 0.10 3.59 22.87 0.13 3.10 19.75 0.43 1.69 10.75
1 0.10 3.51 22.33 0.29 2.06 13.09 0.38 1.80 11.43 0.11 3.41 21.73 0.18 2.64 16.78 0.53 1.53 9.72
10 0.6 0.05 1 0.01 15.27 32.40 0.40 2.63 5.58 0.71 1.98 4.19 0.09 5.62 11.93 0.09 5.57 11.81 0.72 1.97 4.18
5 0.03 10.12 21.46 0.62 2.11 4.48 0.72 1.96 4.17 0.10 5.32 11.28 0.11 5.12 10.86 0.74 1.94 4.11
10 0.03 9.28 19.68 0.63 2.09 4.44 0.72 1.96 4.16 0.10 5.24 11.12 0.11 4.99 10.59 0.75 1.93 4.08
1 0.04 8.35 17.72 0.64 2.08 4.41 0.73 1.96 4.15 0.10 5.15 10.93 0.12 4.82 10.23 0.76 1.91 4.06
0.10 1 0.01 15.28 22.92 0.21 3.65 5.48 0.70 2.00 2.99 0.09 5.63 8.45 0.09 5.57 8.36 0.71 1.97 2.96
5 0.03 10.14 15.21 0.49 2.38 3.57 0.70 2.00 2.99 0.10 5.34 8.02 0.11 5.13 7.70 0.73 1.95 2.92
10 0.03 9.31 13.96 0.54 2.27 3.41 0.70 2.00 2.99 0.10 5.28 7.91 0.11 5.01 7.52 0.74 1.94 2.91
1 0.04 8.39 12.59 0.58 2.20 3.29 0.70 2.00 2.99 0.10 5.19 7.79 0.12 4.85 7.28 0.74 1.93 2.90
0.15 1 0.01 15.29 18.72 0.14 4.46 5.46 0.63 2.09 2.56 0.09 5.64 6.91 0.09 5.57 6.83 0.71 1.98 2.42
5 0.03 10.17 12.45 0.37 2.74 3.36 0.66 2.05 2.51 0.10 5.37 6.58 0.10 5.15 6.31 0.72 1.96 2.41
10 0.03 9.34 11.44 0.44 2.52 3.09 0.67 2.04 2.50 0.10 5.31 6.50 0.11 5.03 6.16 0.72 1.96 2.40
1 0.04 8.44 10.33 0.50 2.35 2.87 0.67 2.04 2.50 0.10 5.24 6.41 0.12 4.88 5.97 0.72 1.96 2.40
0.20 1 0.01 15.30 16.22 0.11 5.14 5.45 0.51 2.34 2.48 0.09 5.65 5.99 0.09 5.58 5.92 0.70 1.99 2.11
5 0.03 10.19 10.81 0.29 3.10 3.28 0.61 2.13 2.26 0.10 5.40 5.73 0.10 5.16 5.48 0.70 1.99 2.11
10 0.03 9.37 9.94 0.36 2.79 2.96 0.62 2.11 2.24 0.10 5.35 5.67 0.11 5.05 5.36 0.70 1.99 2.11
1 0.04 8.48 8.99 0.44 2.52 2.68 0.63 2.09 2.22 0.10 5.28 5.60 0.12 4.91 5.20 0.70 1.99 2.11
0.25 1 0.01 15.30 14.52 0.08 5.74 5.44 0.41 2.60 2.47 0.09 5.66 5.37 0.09 5.58 5.29 0.68 2.02 1.92
5 0.03 10.21 9.69 0.24 3.42 3.25 0.55 2.24 2.13 0.09 5.43 5.15 0.10 5.18 4.91 0.68 2.02 1.91
10 0.03 9.40 8.92 0.30 3.06 2.90 0.58 2.19 2.08 0.10 5.38 5.11 0.11 5.07 4.81 0.68 2.02 1.91
1 0.04 8.52 8.08 0.38 2.71 2.57 0.60 2.15 2.04 0.10 5.33 5.05 0.11 4.93 4.68 0.68 2.01 1.91
0.7 0.05 1 0.01 13.65 45.04 0.44 2.15 7.10 0.53 1.97 6.49 0.08 5.21 17.20 0.08 5.16 17.01 0.53 1.96 6.46
5 0.03 8.60 28.37 0.48 2.05 6.78 0.54 1.94 6.39 0.09 4.86 16.04 0.10 4.63 15.28 0.56 1.90 6.28
10 0.03 7.74 25.54 0.49 2.05 6.76 0.55 1.93 6.36 0.09 4.77 15.74 0.10 4.47 14.74 0.58 1.88 6.21
1 0.04 6.77 22.35 0.49 2.05 6.75 0.55 1.92 6.33 0.09 4.65 15.35 0.11 4.24 13.98 0.59 1.85 6.11
0.10 1 0.01 13.65 31.85 0.27 2.73 6.38 0.53 1.97 4.60 0.08 5.22 12.17 0.08 5.16 12.03 0.53 1.96 4.57
5 0.03 8.61 20.09 0.44 2.14 5.00 0.54 1.95 4.55 0.09 4.88 11.38 0.09 4.64 10.82 0.56 1.91 4.45
10 0.03 7.75 18.09 0.46 2.12 4.94 0.54 1.95 4.54 0.09 4.79 11.17 0.10 4.48 10.45 0.57 1.89 4.41
1 0.04 6.79 15.85 0.46 2.10 4.90 0.54 1.94 4.53 0.09 4.68 10.92 0.11 4.25 9.92 0.59 1.87 4.35
0.15 1 0.01 13.65 26.01 0.19 3.30 6.29 0.52 1.98 3.77 0.07 5.22 9.95 0.08 5.16 9.83 0.53 1.96 3.74
5 0.03 8.62 16.42 0.40 2.27 4.33 0.53 1.97 3.75 0.09 4.89 9.32 0.09 4.64 8.85 0.56 1.91 3.65
10 0.03 7.77 14.80 0.42 2.21 4.20 0.53 1.97 3.75 0.09 4.81 9.16 0.10 4.49 8.55 0.57 1.90 3.62
1 0.04 6.82 12.99 0.44 2.16 4.12 0.53 1.97 3.74 0.09 4.71 8.96 0.11 4.27 8.13 0.58 1.88 3.58
0.20 1 0.01 13.66 22.53 0.14 3.80 6.26 0.51 1.99 3.29 0.07 5.22 8.62 0.08 5.16 8.51 0.53 1.96 3.24
5 0.03 8.63 14.24 0.34 2.44 4.02 0.51 1.99 3.29 0.08 4.91 8.10 0.09 4.65 7.67 0.55 1.92 3.17
10 0.03 7.78 12.84 0.38 2.31 3.82 0.51 1.99 3.29 0.09 4.83 7.97 0.10 4.50 7.42 0.56 1.91 3.15
1 0.04 6.84 11.28 0.41 2.23 3.68 0.51 1.99 3.29 0.09 4.73 7.81 0.11 4.28 7.06 0.57 1.89 3.12
0.25 1 0.01 13.66 20.16 0.11 4.23 6.25 0.50 2.03 2.99 0.07 5.23 7.72 0.08 5.16 7.62 0.53 1.96 2.90
5 0.03 8.64 12.75 0.30 2.62 3.87 0.50 2.02 2.98 0.08 4.92 7.27 0.09 4.66 6.87 0.55 1.93 2.85
10 0.03 7.80 11.50 0.34 2.44 3.60 0.50 2.02 2.98 0.09 4.85 7.16 0.10 4.50 6.65 0.55 1.92 2.83
1 0.04 6.86 10.12 0.38 2.30 3.40 0.50 2.02 2.98 0.09 4.76 7.02 0.11 4.30 6.34 0.56 1.91 2.81
0.8 0.05 1 0.01 12.29 69.52 0.38 2.04 11.55 0.41 1.96 11.07 0.07 4.88 27.60 0.07 4.82 27.25 0.41 1.95 11.02
5 0.03 7.26 41.06 0.38 2.03 11.47 0.43 1.91 10.80 0.08 4.47 25.29 0.09 4.19 23.70 0.45 1.86 10.53
10 0.04 6.36 35.95 0.38 2.03 11.46 0.44 1.89 10.71 0.08 4.35 24.63 0.10 3.97 22.45 0.47 1.83 10.32
1 0.06 5.30 30.00 0.38 2.03 11.46 0.45 1.87 10.60 0.09 4.20 23.77 0.12 3.64 20.57 0.50 1.76 9.96
0.10 1 0.01 12.29 49.16 0.33 2.17 8.66 0.41 1.96 7.83 0.07 4.88 19.52 0.07 4.82 19.27 0.41 1.95 7.80
5 0.03 7.26 29.05 0.37 2.06 8.25 0.43 1.92 7.66 0.08 4.48 17.91 0.09 4.19 16.77 0.45 1.86 7.46
10 0.04 6.36 25.44 0.37 2.06 8.23 0.43 1.90 7.61 0.08 4.37 17.46 0.10 3.97 15.89 0.47 1.83 7.31
1 0.06 5.31 21.25 0.37 2.05 8.21 0.44 1.89 7.54 0.09 4.22 16.87 0.12 3.64 14.57 0.50 1.77 7.07
0.15 1 0.01 12.29 40.14 0.26 2.43 7.95 0.41 1.96 6.40 0.07 4.88 15.94 0.07 4.82 15.74 0.41 1.95 6.37
5 0.03 7.27 23.73 0.35 2.10 6.87 0.42 1.92 6.28 0.08 4.49 14.65 0.09 4.19 13.70 0.45 1.87 6.09
10 0.04 6.37 20.79 0.36 2.09 6.83 0.43 1.91 6.25 0.08 4.38 14.29 0.10 3.98 12.99 0.47 1.83 5.98
1 0.06 5.32 17.38 0.36 2.08 6.80 0.43 1.90 6.20 0.09 4.23 13.82 0.12 3.65 11.92 0.50 1.77 5.79
0.20 1 0.01 12.29 34.77 0.21 2.74 7.76 0.41 1.96 5.55 0.07 4.88 13.81 0.07 4.82 13.63 0.41 1.95 5.51
5 0.03 7.27 20.56 0.34 2.15 6.09 0.42 1.93 5.46 0.08 4.49 12.71 0.09 4.20 11.87 0.45 1.87 5.28
10 0.04 6.37 18.02 0.34 2.13 6.02 0.42 1.92 5.44 0.08 4.39 12.41 0.10 3.98 11.26 0.46 1.84 5.19
1 0.06 5.33 15.07 0.35 2.11 5.97 0.43 1.91 5.41 0.09 4.25 12.02 0.12 3.66 10.34 0.49 1.78 5.04
0.25 1 0.01 12.29 31.10 0.17 3.04 7.68 0.40 1.97 4.97 0.07 4.89 12.36 0.07 4.82 12.19 0.41 1.95 4.93
5 0.03 7.27 18.40 0.32 2.21 5.60 0.41 1.94 4.91 0.08 4.50 11.39 0.09 4.20 10.62 0.45 1.87 4.73
10 0.04 6.38 16.13 0.33 2.17 5.49 0.42 1.93 4.90 0.08 4.40 11.13 0.10 3.98 10.08 0.46 1.84 4.65
1 0.05 5.34 13.50 0.34 2.14 5.42 0.42 1.93 4.88 0.09 4.26 10.79 0.12 3.66 9.26 0.49 1.79 4.52
0.9 0.05 1 0.01 11.12 141.55 0.30 2.01 25.62 0.33 1.95 24.78 0.06 4.60 58.52 0.06 4.53 57.68 0.33 1.94 24.66
5 0.03 6.02 76.61 0.31 2.01 25.60 0.35 1.88 23.87 0.07 4.12 52.38 0.09 3.75 47.76 0.38 1.80 22.97
10 0.05 5.03 64.03 0.31 2.01 25.60 0.36 1.85 23.54 0.08 3.97 50.49 0.10 3.44 43.73 0.41 1.73 22.05
1 0.09 3.80 48.35 0.31 2.01 25.60 0.38 1.81 23.04 0.09 3.76 47.84 0.15 2.90 36.86 0.50 1.58 20.07
0.10 1 0.01 11.12 100.09 0.30 2.03 18.29 0.33 1.95 17.53 0.06 4.60 41.38 0.06 4.53 40.78 0.33 1.94 17.44
5 0.03 6.02 54.18 0.30 2.02 18.21 0.35 1.88 16.90 0.07 4.12 37.07 0.09 3.75 33.78 0.38 1.80 16.24
10 0.05 5.03 45.28 0.30 2.02 18.21 0.36 1.85 16.68 0.08 3.97 35.74 0.10 3.44 30.93 0.41 1.73 15.60
1 0.09 3.80 34.20 0.30 2.02 18.20 0.37 1.82 16.35 0.09 3.77 33.89 0.15 2.90 26.08 0.50 1.58 14.21
0.15 1 0.01 11.12 81.72 0.29 2.06 15.14 0.33 1.95 14.32 0.06 4.60 33.79 0.06 4.53 33.30 0.33 1.94 14.24
5 0.03 6.02 44.24 0.30 2.04 14.97 0.35 1.88 13.82 0.07 4.12 30.29 0.09 3.75 27.58 0.38 1.81 13.26
10 0.05 5.03 36.98 0.30 2.04 14.96 0.36 1.86 13.65 0.08 3.98 29.21 0.10 3.44 25.26 0.41 1.73 12.74
1 0.09 3.80 27.94 0.30 2.03 14.94 0.37 1.82 13.40 0.09 3.77 27.73 0.15 2.90 21.31 0.49 1.58 11.62
0.20 1 0.01 11.12 70.78 0.28 2.10 13.38 0.33 1.95 12.40 0.06 4.60 29.27 0.06 4.53 28.84 0.33 1.94 12.33
5 0.03 6.02 38.32 0.29 2.05 13.05 0.35 1.88 11.98 0.07 4.12 26.25 0.09 3.75 23.89 0.38 1.81 11.49
10 0.05 5.03 32.03 0.29 2.05 13.03 0.36 1.86 11.84 0.08 3.98 25.33 0.10 3.44 21.88 0.41 1.73 11.04
1 0.09 3.80 24.21 0.30 2.05 13.02 0.37 1.83 11.64 0.09 3.78 24.05 0.15 2.90 18.47 0.49 1.58 10.08
0.25 1 0.01 11.12 63.30 0.26 2.17 12.33 0.32 1.95 11.09 0.06 4.60 26.18 0.06 4.53 25.79 0.33 1.94 11.03
5 0.03 6.02 34.27 0.29 2.07 11.76 0.35 1.89 10.74 0.07 4.13 23.50 0.09 3.75 21.37 0.38 1.81 10.28
10 0.05 5.03 28.66 0.29 2.06 11.73 0.35 1.87 10.62 0.08 3.98 22.68 0.10 3.44 19.57 0.41 1.74 9.88
1 0.09 3.81 21.67 0.29 2.06 11.71 0.37 1.84 10.45 0.09 3.79 21.56 0.15 2.90 16.53 0.49 1.59 9.02
72
Sway-prevented Case 2.1 Case 2.2 Case 2.3 Case 2.4 Case 2.5 Case 2.6 Case 2.7 Case 2.8 Case 2.9
column
II/III a c khc C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2 C K1 K2
2 0.6 0.05 1 0.39 2.65 12.58 0.71 1.98 9.38 1.17 1.54 7.32 1.02 1.65 7.83 1.35 1.44 6.81 1.72 1.27 6.03 1.92 1.20 5.70 2.31 1.10 5.21 2.53 1.05 4.97
5 1.04 1.64 7.76 1.53 1.35 6.39 2.20 1.12 5.33 1.71 1.27 6.04 2.35 1.09 5.16 3.05 0.95 4.53 2.38 1.08 5.12 3.30 0.92 4.35 4.38 0.80 3.78
10 1.26 1.48 7.03 1.86 1.22 5.80 2.69 1.02 4.82 1.89 1.21 5.75 2.66 1.02 4.85 3.69 0.87 4.11 2.43 1.07 5.07 3.38 0.91 4.30 5.24 0.73 3.45
1 1.55 1.34 6.34 2.30 1.10 5.22 3.57 0.88 4.19 2.07 1.16 5.50 2.95 0.97 4.60 4.73 0.77 3.63 2.48 1.06 5.02 3.43 0.90 4.27 5.98 0.68 3.23
0.10 1 0.37 2.74 9.20 0.66 2.04 6.86 1.10 1.59 5.33 0.95 1.71 5.73 1.26 1.48 4.98 1.62 1.31 4.39 1.79 1.25 4.18 2.14 1.14 3.82 2.38 1.08 3.63
5 0.97 1.69 5.66 1.43 1.39 4.68 2.06 1.16 3.89 1.62 1.31 4.39 2.21 1.12 3.76 2.87 0.98 3.30 2.30 1.10 3.68 3.15 0.94 3.15 4.11 0.82 2.76
10 1.19 1.53 5.12 1.74 1.27 4.24 2.52 1.05 3.52 1.81 1.24 4.16 2.52 1.05 3.52 3.47 0.89 3.00 2.37 1.08 3.63 3.28 0.92 3.09 4.92 0.75 2.52
1 1.48 1.37 4.59 2.16 1.13 3.80 3.31 0.92 3.07 2.00 1.18 3.95 2.84 0.99 3.32 4.45 0.79 2.65 2.43 1.07 3.59 3.35 0.91 3.05 5.76 0.69 2.33
0.15 1 0.35 2.83 7.75 0.62 2.11 5.78 1.04 1.63 4.47 0.89 1.76 4.83 1.18 1.53 4.20 1.54 1.34 3.68 1.67 1.29 3.53 1.99 1.18 3.24 2.24 1.11 3.05
5 0.92 1.74 4.76 1.34 1.44 3.94 1.94 1.20 3.27 1.54 1.34 3.67 2.08 1.16 3.17 2.71 1.01 2.77 2.22 1.12 3.06 3.01 0.96 2.63 3.87 0.85 2.32
10 1.13 1.57 4.30 1.63 1.31 3.58 2.36 1.08 2.97 1.73 1.27 3.47 2.39 1.08 2.95 3.27 0.92 2.52 2.31 1.10 3.00 3.17 0.94 2.56 4.64 0.77 2.12
1 1.41 1.40 3.84 2.04 1.17 3.19 3.08 0.95 2.60 1.94 1.20 3.28 2.73 1.01 2.76 4.20 0.81 2.23 2.38 1.08 2.96 3.28 0.92 2.52 5.53 0.71 1.94
0.20 1 0.33 2.92 6.92 0.59 2.17 5.15 0.99 1.67 3.97 0.84 1.81 4.30 1.11 1.58 3.74 1.46 1.38 3.27 1.57 1.33 3.16 1.86 1.22 2.90 2.12 1.14 2.72
P.D. Simão et al. / Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82

5 0.87 1.79 4.24 1.26 1.48 3.52 1.84 1.23 2.92 1.47 1.37 3.26 1.96 1.19 2.82 2.57 1.04 2.47 2.15 1.14 2.70 2.86 0.98 2.34 3.65 0.87 2.07
10 1.07 1.61 3.82 1.53 1.35 3.19 2.22 1.12 2.65 1.66 1.29 3.07 2.27 1.11 2.62 3.10 0.95 2.25 2.24 1.11 2.64 3.06 0.95 2.26 4.38 0.80 1.89
1 1.35 1.44 3.41 1.93 1.20 2.84 2.88 0.98 2.33 1.88 1.22 2.88 2.63 1.03 2.44 3.97 0.84 1.98 2.33 1.09 2.59 3.20 0.93 2.21 5.31 0.72 1.72
0.25 1 0.31 3.00 6.36 0.56 2.23 4.74 0.94 1.72 3.64 0.80 1.87 3.96 1.05 1.62 3.44 1.39 1.41 3.00 1.48 1.37 2.91 1.75 1.26 2.67 2.01 1.18 2.49
5 0.82 1.84 3.90 1.19 1.53 3.24 1.74 1.26 2.68 1.40 1.41 2.99 1.86 1.22 2.59 2.44 1.07 2.26 2.07 1.16 2.46 2.73 1.01 2.14 3.46 0.90 1.90
10 1.02 1.65 3.51 1.45 1.39 2.94 2.10 1.15 2.44 1.59 1.32 2.80 2.16 1.13 2.41 2.94 0.97 2.06 2.18 1.13 2.39 2.95 0.97 2.06 4.15 0.82 1.73
1 1.29 1.47 3.12 1.83 1.23 2.61 2.71 1.01 2.15 1.82 1.24 2.62 2.53 1.05 2.22 3.76 0.86 1.82 2.28 1.10 2.34 3.12 0.94 2.00 5.09 0.74 1.57
0.7 0.05 1 0.58 1.88 13.86 0.86 1.54 11.35 1.17 1.32 9.74 1.73 1.09 8.01 2.18 0.97 7.14 2.28 0.95 6.98 2.11 0.98 7.26 2.75 0.86 6.35 3.88 0.73 5.35
5 1.31 1.25 9.20 1.93 1.03 7.59 2.65 0.88 6.47 1.88 1.04 7.68 2.67 0.87 6.45 4.14 0.70 5.18 2.15 0.97 7.19 2.89 0.84 6.20 4.82 0.65 4.80
10 1.45 1.19 8.75 2.16 0.97 7.18 3.30 0.79 5.81 1.90 1.04 7.65 2.68 0.87 6.44 4.53 0.67 4.95 2.16 0.97 7.17 2.91 0.84 6.18 4.90 0.65 4.76
1 1.57 1.14 8.41 2.32 0.94 6.93 3.96 0.72 5.30 1.91 1.03 7.63 2.69 0.87 6.43 4.61 0.67 4.91 2.17 0.97 7.16 2.94 0.83 6.15 4.96 0.64 4.73
0.10 1 0.52 1.97 10.29 0.78 1.62 8.43 1.08 1.38 7.19 1.61 1.13 5.87 1.97 1.02 5.30 2.11 0.98 5.14 2.10 0.98 5.14 2.75 0.86 4.49 3.73 0.74 3.86
5 1.23 1.29 6.72 1.78 1.07 5.59 2.43 0.92 4.79 1.84 1.05 5.50 2.59 0.89 4.63 3.81 0.73 3.82 2.13 0.98 5.10 2.87 0.84 4.40 4.80 0.65 3.40
10 1.38 1.22 6.34 2.03 1.00 5.23 3.02 0.82 4.29 1.86 1.05 5.47 2.62 0.88 4.61 4.29 0.69 3.60 2.14 0.98 5.10 2.89 0.84 4.39 4.86 0.65 3.38
1 1.52 1.16 6.05 2.23 0.96 4.99 3.73 0.74 3.86 1.87 1.04 5.45 2.63 0.88 4.59 4.47 0.68 3.52 2.15 0.98 5.09 2.91 0.84 4.37 4.89 0.65 3.37
0.15 1 0.48 2.06 8.78 0.71 1.69 7.20 0.99 1.43 6.10 1.50 1.17 4.98 1.80 1.06 4.53 1.95 1.02 4.35 2.10 0.99 4.20 2.75 0.86 3.67 3.55 0.76 3.23
5 1.16 1.33 5.66 1.65 1.11 4.74 2.23 0.96 4.07 1.79 1.07 4.56 2.51 0.90 3.84 3.52 0.76 3.24 2.12 0.98 4.18 2.85 0.85 3.61 4.78 0.65 2.78
10 1.32 1.24 5.30 1.91 1.03 4.40 2.79 0.86 3.65 1.81 1.06 4.52 2.55 0.89 3.81 4.04 0.71 3.03 2.12 0.98 4.18 2.86 0.84 3.60 4.80 0.65 2.78
1 1.47 1.18 5.02 2.14 0.98 4.16 3.50 0.76 3.25 1.84 1.05 4.49 2.58 0.89 3.79 4.33 0.69 2.93 2.12 0.98 4.18 2.87 0.84 3.59 4.82 0.65 2.77
0.20 1 0.44 2.15 7.92 0.66 1.76 6.50 0.92 1.49 5.48 1.39 1.21 4.47 1.66 1.11 4.09 1.82 1.06 3.91 2.08 0.99 3.65 2.75 0.86 3.18 3.35 0.78 2.88
5 1.09 1.37 5.05 1.53 1.15 4.26 2.07 0.99 3.66 1.73 1.09 4.00 2.41 0.92 3.40 3.27 0.79 2.91 2.10 0.99 3.64 2.83 0.85 3.14 4.73 0.66 2.42
10 1.25 1.28 4.70 1.80 1.07 3.93 2.59 0.89 3.28 1.77 1.07 3.96 2.48 0.91 3.35 3.80 0.73 2.70 2.10 0.99 3.64 2.83 0.85 3.13 4.74 0.66 2.42
1 1.42 1.20 4.42 2.06 1.00 3.67 3.30 0.79 2.90 1.80 1.06 3.93 2.52 0.90 3.32 4.18 0.70 2.58 2.10 0.99 3.64 2.84 0.85 3.13 4.74 0.66 2.42
0.25 1 0.41 2.23 7.35 0.61 1.83 6.04 0.86 1.54 5.07 1.30 1.25 4.14 1.54 1.15 3.80 1.70 1.09 3.61 2.07 0.99 3.28 2.75 0.86 2.84 3.15 0.80 2.65
5 1.03 1.41 4.65 1.43 1.20 3.95 1.93 1.03 3.40 1.68 1.10 3.64 2.30 0.94 3.11 3.06 0.82 2.70 2.08 0.99 3.27 2.80 0.85 2.82 4.65 0.66 2.19
10 1.20 1.31 4.31 1.70 1.10 3.62 2.41 0.92 3.04 1.73 1.09 3.59 2.40 0.92 3.04 3.58 0.76 2.49 2.08 0.99 3.27 2.80 0.85 2.82 4.65 0.66 2.19
1 1.37 1.22 4.03 1.97 1.02 3.36 3.10 0.81 2.68 1.77 1.07 3.55 2.46 0.91 3.00 4.03 0.71 2.35 2.08 0.99 3.27 2.81 0.85 2.81 4.66 0.66 2.18
0.8 0.05 1 0.98 1.26 15.94 1.34 1.08 13.67 1.55 1.00 12.71 1.62 0.98 12.42 2.17 0.85 10.74 3.26 0.69 8.76 1.66 0.97 12.28 2.17 0.85 10.73 3.37 0.68 8.61
5 1.37 1.07 13.53 2.00 0.88 11.19 3.35 0.68 8.64 1.65 0.97 12.29 2.26 0.83 10.51 3.68 0.65 8.24 1.79 0.93 11.81 2.37 0.81 10.27 3.74 0.65 8.18
10 1.39 1.06 13.42 2.01 0.88 11.14 3.40 0.68 8.57 1.66 0.97 12.27 2.28 0.83 10.47 3.72 0.65 8.19 1.84 0.92 11.65 2.44 0.80 10.12 3.87 0.64 8.04
1 1.41 1.05 13.33 2.03 0.88 11.11 3.42 0.68 8.55 1.67 0.97 12.24 2.30 0.82 10.42 3.77 0.64 8.15 1.92 0.90 11.42 2.55 0.78 9.90 4.07 0.62 7.84
column
0.10 1 0.87 1.34 12.01 1.15 1.17 10.43 1.36 1.07 9.60 1.62 0.98 8.80 2.17 0.85 7.60 3.21 0.70 6.24 1.66 0.97 8.69 2.17 0.85 7.59 3.37 0.68 6.09
5 1.32 1.09 9.72 1.93 0.90 8.05 3.15 0.70 6.30 1.64 0.98 8.73 2.25 0.83 7.46 3.66 0.65 5.85 1.79 0.93 8.36 2.36 0.81 7.27 3.73 0.65 5.79
10 1.35 1.07 9.61 1.96 0.89 7.98 3.28 0.69 6.18 1.65 0.97 8.71 2.26 0.83 7.43 3.69 0.65 5.82 1.84 0.92 8.25 2.43 0.80 7.17 3.86 0.64 5.69
1 1.38 1.06 9.52 1.98 0.89 7.94 3.33 0.69 6.13 1.65 0.97 8.70 2.28 0.83 7.41 3.71 0.65 5.80 1.91 0.90 8.09 2.54 0.78 7.02 4.04 0.62 5.56
0.15 1 0.77 1.42 10.39 1.01 1.24 9.09 1.20 1.14 8.32 1.61 0.99 7.20 2.16 0.85 6.20 3.12 0.71 5.17 1.66 0.97 7.09 2.17 0.85 6.20 3.37 0.68 4.97
5 1.28 1.11 8.07 1.86 0.92 6.70 2.91 0.73 5.35 1.63 0.98 7.16 2.23 0.84 6.11 3.63 0.66 4.79 1.78 0.94 6.83 2.36 0.81 5.94 3.73 0.65 4.73
10 1.32 1.09 7.94 1.91 0.91 6.61 3.13 0.71 5.16 1.63 0.98 7.15 2.24 0.84 6.10 3.64 0.65 4.78 1.83 0.92 6.75 2.43 0.80 5.86 3.85 0.64 4.66
1 1.35 1.07 7.85 1.94 0.90 6.55 3.23 0.70 5.08 1.63 0.98 7.14 2.25 0.83 6.09 3.66 0.65 4.77 1.90 0.91 6.62 2.53 0.79 5.74 4.01 0.62 4.56
0.20 1 0.69 1.50 9.49 0.90 1.32 8.34 1.08 1.20 7.60 1.60 0.99 6.25 2.16 0.85 5.38 2.96 0.73 4.59 1.65 0.97 6.15 2.17 0.85 5.37 3.37 0.68 4.31
5 1.23 1.12 7.11 1.78 0.94 5.93 2.68 0.76 4.83 1.61 0.98 6.22 2.21 0.84 5.32 3.59 0.66 4.17 1.78 0.94 5.92 2.35 0.81 5.15 3.72 0.65 4.10
10 1.29 1.10 6.97 1.85 0.92 5.81 2.98 0.72 4.58 1.61 0.98 6.22 2.22 0.84 5.31 3.59 0.66 4.17 1.83 0.93 5.85 2.42 0.80 5.08 3.83 0.64 4.04
1 1.33 1.09 6.86 1.90 0.91 5.74 3.14 0.71 4.46 1.62 0.98 6.22 2.22 0.84 5.30 3.60 0.66 4.17 1.89 0.91 5.75 2.51 0.79 4.99 3.98 0.63 3.96

0.25 1 0.63 1.58 8.91 0.81 1.39 7.86 0.98 1.26 7.13 1.59 0.99 5.60 2.16 0.85 4.81 2.77 0.75 4.25 1.65 0.97 5.50 2.17 0.85 4.80 3.37 0.68 3.85
5 1.19 1.15 6.48 1.69 0.96 5.43 2.47 0.80 4.50 1.60 0.99 5.59 2.19 0.84 4.78 3.54 0.66 3.76 1.78 0.94 5.30 2.35 0.82 4.61 3.71 0.65 3.67
10 1.25 1.12 6.32 1.79 0.93 5.29 2.83 0.74 4.21 1.60 0.99 5.59 2.19 0.84 4.77 3.54 0.66 3.76 1.82 0.93 5.24 2.41 0.81 4.55 3.82 0.64 3.62
1 1.30 1.10 6.20 1.85 0.92 5.19 3.04 0.72 4.06 1.60 0.99 5.59 2.20 0.84 4.77 3.54 0.66 3.76 1.88 0.91 5.16 2.50 0.79 4.47 3.95 0.63 3.56
0.9 0.05 1 1.18 1.02 29.07 1.68 0.86 24.39 2.68 0.68 19.32 1.31 0.97 27.61 1.76 0.84 23.87 2.69 0.68 19.30 1.33 0.96 27.42 1.76 0.84 23.81 2.69 0.68 19.29
5 1.20 1.02 28.91 1.68 0.86 24.38 2.69 0.68 19.27 1.40 0.94 26.69 1.89 0.81 23.00 2.92 0.65 18.51 1.53 0.90 25.59 2.01 0.78 22.30 3.05 0.64 18.12
10 1.20 1.02 28.89 1.68 0.86 24.38 2.69 0.68 19.27 1.43 0.93 26.42 1.93 0.80 22.74 2.99 0.64 18.28 1.63 0.87 24.78 2.14 0.76 21.62 3.24 0.62 17.57
1 1.20 1.01 28.88 1.68 0.86 24.38 2.69 0.68 19.27 1.47 0.92 26.04 1.99 0.79 22.39 3.09 0.63 17.98 1.83 0.82 23.37 2.40 0.72 20.42 3.65 0.58 16.56
0.10 1 1.16 1.03 20.78 1.65 0.86 17.39 2.65 0.68 13.74 1.31 0.97 19.53 1.75 0.84 16.88 2.69 0.68 13.64 1.33 0.96 19.39 1.76 0.84 16.84 2.69 0.68 13.64
5 1.18 1.02 20.55 1.66 0.86 17.34 2.66 0.68 13.72 1.40 0.94 18.90 1.89 0.81 16.28 2.91 0.65 13.10 1.53 0.90 18.10 2.01 0.78 15.77 3.04 0.64 12.82
10 1.19 1.02 20.53 1.66 0.86 17.33 2.66 0.68 13.72 1.43 0.93 18.71 1.93 0.80 16.11 2.98 0.64 12.95 1.63 0.87 17.53 2.14 0.76 15.29 3.24 0.62 12.43
1 1.19 1.02 20.52 1.66 0.86 17.33 2.66 0.68 13.72 1.47 0.92 18.46 1.98 0.79 15.88 3.07 0.63 12.76 1.83 0.82 16.53 2.39 0.72 14.45 3.64 0.58 11.72
0.15 1 1.13 1.05 17.21 1.60 0.88 14.42 2.29 0.73 12.07 1.31 0.97 15.95 1.75 0.84 13.78 2.69 0.68 11.14 1.33 0.96 15.83 1.76 0.84 13.75 2.69 0.68 11.14
5 1.17 1.03 16.88 1.64 0.87 14.24 2.62 0.69 11.28 1.40 0.94 15.45 1.88 0.81 13.31 2.90 0.65 10.71 1.53 0.90 14.78 2.01 0.78 12.88 3.04 0.64 10.47
10 1.17 1.03 16.85 1.65 0.87 14.23 2.62 0.69 11.28 1.42 0.93 15.30 1.92 0.80 13.18 2.97 0.65 10.60 1.63 0.87 14.31 2.14 0.76 12.49 3.23 0.62 10.15
1 1.18 1.02 16.83 1.65 0.87 14.23 2.62 0.69 11.28 1.46 0.92 15.11 1.97 0.79 13.00 3.05 0.64 10.46 1.83 0.82 13.51 2.39 0.72 11.81 3.63 0.58 9.58
0.20 1 1.09 1.07 15.18 1.52 0.90 12.81 1.95 0.80 11.32 1.31 0.97 13.82 1.75 0.84 11.94 2.69 0.68 9.65 1.33 0.96 13.71 1.76 0.84 11.91 2.69 0.68 9.65
5 1.16 1.03 14.70 1.62 0.87 12.41 2.57 0.69 9.86 1.39 0.94 13.40 1.88 0.81 11.54 2.89 0.65 9.29 1.53 0.90 12.80 2.01 0.78 11.16 3.04 0.64 9.07
10 1.16 1.03 14.67 1.63 0.87 12.40 2.58 0.69 9.84 1.42 0.93 13.28 1.91 0.80 11.43 2.95 0.65 9.20 1.63 0.87 12.40 2.13 0.76 10.82 3.23 0.62 8.80
1 1.17 1.03 14.65 1.63 0.87 12.39 2.58 0.69 9.83 1.45 0.92 13.12 1.96 0.79 11.29 3.02 0.64 9.09 1.82 0.82 11.71 2.39 0.72 10.23 3.62 0.58 8.31
0.25 1 1.04 1.09 13.88 1.41 0.94 11.91 1.70 0.85 10.86 1.31 0.97 12.36 1.75 0.84 10.68 2.69 0.68 8.63 1.33 0.96 12.26 1.76 0.84 10.65 2.69 0.68 8.63
5 1.14 1.04 13.23 1.60 0.88 11.18 2.52 0.70 8.90 1.39 0.94 12.00 1.87 0.81 10.34 2.88 0.65 8.33 1.53 0.90 11.45 2.01 0.78 9.98 3.04 0.64 8.11
10 1.15 1.04 13.20 1.61 0.88 11.16 2.54 0.70 8.88 1.41 0.93 11.90 1.90 0.81 10.25 2.94 0.65 8.25 1.62 0.87 11.09 2.13 0.76 9.68 3.23 0.62 7.87
1 1.15 1.03 13.16 1.61 0.88 11.14 2.55 0.70 8.86 1.45 0.92 11.76 1.95 0.80 10.13 3.00 0.64 8.16 1.82 0.82 10.48 2.38 0.72 9.16 3.62 0.58 7.44
4 0.6 0.05 1 0.21 3.66 12.29 0.38 2.70 9.06 0.92 1.74 5.84 0.53 2.30 7.71 0.70 1.99 6.67 1.19 1.53 5.12 1.01 1.66 5.57 1.19 1.53 5.13 1.60 1.32 4.42
5 0.62 2.11 7.09 0.84 1.81 6.08 1.49 1.37 4.58 1.05 1.62 5.45 1.30 1.46 4.90 1.93 1.20 4.02 1.69 1.28 4.30 2.01 1.18 3.94 2.64 1.03 3.44
10 0.82 1.84 6.17 1.07 1.61 5.40 1.80 1.24 4.17 1.30 1.46 4.91 1.60 1.32 4.42 2.35 1.09 3.65 1.93 1.20 4.02 2.35 1.09 3.65 3.26 0.92 3.10
1 1.17 1.54 5.17 1.49 1.36 4.58 2.44 1.07 3.58 1.67 1.29 4.33 2.08 1.16 3.88 3.25 0.92 3.10 2.20 1.12 3.77 2.70 1.01 3.40 4.66 0.77 2.59
0.10 1 0.19 3.79 8.99 0.36 2.79 6.63 0.87 1.79 4.25 0.49 2.38 5.64 0.66 2.06 4.88 1.13 1.57 3.72 0.93 1.73 4.10 1.10 1.59 3.77 1.50 1.36 3.22
73
74
column
5 0.58 2.19 5.19 0.79 1.88 4.46 1.40 1.41 3.34 0.99 1.68 3.98 1.22 1.51 3.58 1.82 1.24 2.93 1.58 1.33 3.14 1.87 1.22 2.89 2.48 1.06 2.51
10 0.76 1.91 4.52 1.00 1.67 3.96 1.68 1.29 3.05 1.22 1.51 3.58 1.49 1.36 3.24 2.21 1.12 2.66 1.84 1.23 2.92 2.21 1.12 2.66 3.06 0.95 2.26
1 1.09 1.60 3.79 1.38 1.42 3.36 2.24 1.11 2.64 1.58 1.32 3.14 1.96 1.19 2.83 3.01 0.96 2.28 2.13 1.14 2.71 2.61 1.03 2.45 4.34 0.80 1.90
0.15 1 0.18 3.91 7.57 0.33 2.88 5.59 0.82 1.84 3.56 0.46 2.45 4.75 0.62 2.12 4.11 1.07 1.61 3.12 0.87 1.79 3.47 1.02 1.65 3.19 1.42 1.40 2.71
5 0.54 2.26 4.38 0.74 1.94 3.76 1.32 1.45 2.81 0.93 1.73 3.35 1.14 1.56 3.02 1.72 1.27 2.46 1.49 1.37 2.65 1.75 1.26 2.44 2.33 1.09 2.11
10 0.72 1.97 3.81 0.93 1.73 3.35 1.57 1.33 2.58 1.15 1.56 3.01 1.40 1.41 2.73 2.08 1.16 2.24 1.74 1.26 2.45 2.08 1.15 2.24 2.88 0.98 1.90
1 1.02 1.65 3.20 1.28 1.47 2.85 2.06 1.16 2.25 1.51 1.36 2.63 1.85 1.23 2.38 2.80 1.00 1.93 2.06 1.16 2.25 2.51 1.05 2.04 4.06 0.83 1.60
0.20 1 0.17 4.03 6.76 0.31 2.97 4.98 0.78 1.89 3.17 0.43 2.53 4.24 0.58 2.19 3.67 1.01 1.65 2.77 0.81 1.85 3.10 0.96 1.70 2.86 1.34 1.44 2.42
5 0.51 2.33 3.91 0.69 2.01 3.36 1.24 1.50 2.51 0.88 1.78 2.99 1.08 1.61 2.69 1.63 1.30 2.19 1.40 1.41 2.36 1.64 1.30 2.18 2.20 1.12 1.88
10 0.67 2.03 3.41 0.87 1.79 2.99 1.47 1.37 2.30 1.08 1.60 2.68 1.32 1.45 2.43 1.96 1.19 2.00 1.66 1.30 2.17 1.97 1.19 1.99 2.72 1.01 1.70
1 0.96 1.70 2.86 1.20 1.52 2.56 1.91 1.21 2.02 1.43 1.39 2.34 1.74 1.26 2.12 2.62 1.03 1.73 1.99 1.18 1.98 2.41 1.07 1.80 3.81 0.85 1.43
0.25 1 0.16 4.14 6.22 0.30 3.06 4.59 0.74 1.94 2.90 0.41 2.60 3.90 0.55 2.25 3.38 0.97 1.70 2.54 0.76 1.91 2.87 0.90 1.76 2.64 1.27 1.48 2.22

5 0.48 2.40 3.60 0.65 2.07 3.10 1.18 1.54 2.31 0.83 1.83 2.74 1.02 1.65 2.48 1.55 1.34 2.01 1.33 1.45 2.17 1.55 1.34 2.01 2.09 1.15 1.73
10 0.63 2.09 3.14 0.82 1.84 2.76 1.39 1.41 2.12 1.03 1.64 2.47 1.25 1.49 2.24 1.86 1.22 1.83 1.58 1.33 1.99 1.86 1.22 1.83 2.57 1.04 1.56
1 0.90 1.76 2.64 1.12 1.57 2.36 1.78 1.25 1.88 1.36 1.43 2.14 1.65 1.30 1.95 2.46 1.06 1.59 1.92 1.20 1.80 2.32 1.09 1.64 3.59 0.88 1.32
0.7 0.05 1 0.31 2.57 13.40 0.46 2.11 11.02 0.83 1.57 8.19 0.97 1.45 7.58 1.12 1.35 7.03 1.39 1.21 6.32 1.99 1.01 5.29 2.43 0.92 4.78 2.43 0.92 4.78
5 0.92 1.49 7.76 1.17 1.32 6.90 1.69 1.10 5.73 1.55 1.15 5.98 1.92 1.03 5.38 2.49 0.91 4.72 2.01 1.01 5.26 2.44 0.92 4.78 4.04 0.71 3.71
10 1.17 1.32 6.90 1.48 1.17 6.12 2.20 0.96 5.03 1.67 1.10 5.76 2.09 0.99 5.15 3.15 0.80 4.20 2.01 1.01 5.26 2.44 0.92 4.78 4.72 0.66 3.43
1 1.45 1.19 6.20 1.85 1.05 5.48 3.25 0.79 4.13 1.77 1.08 5.61 2.20 0.96 5.02 4.23 0.69 3.62 2.01 1.01 5.26 2.44 0.92 4.78 4.74 0.66 3.42
0.10 1 0.28 2.70 9.96 0.41 2.22 8.19 0.76 1.64 6.04 0.88 1.53 5.63 1.02 1.42 5.23 1.28 1.26 4.66 1.90 1.04 3.82 2.18 0.97 3.57 2.24 0.95 3.52
5 0.84 1.56 5.74 1.06 1.39 5.12 1.55 1.15 4.24 1.45 1.18 4.37 1.77 1.07 3.96 2.29 0.94 3.48 1.97 1.02 3.75 2.40 0.92 3.40 3.75 0.74 2.72
10 1.08 1.38 5.08 1.36 1.23 4.53 2.00 1.01 3.73 1.60 1.13 4.17 1.99 1.01 3.74 2.88 0.84 3.10 1.98 1.02 3.75 2.40 0.92 3.40 4.61 0.67 2.45
1 1.37 1.22 4.50 1.75 1.08 3.99 2.94 0.83 3.07 1.72 1.09 4.02 2.14 0.98 3.60 3.95 0.72 2.65 1.98 1.01 3.74 2.40 0.92 3.40 4.65 0.66 2.44
0.15 1 0.26 2.82 8.51 0.38 2.32 7.00 0.70 1.70 5.13 0.80 1.60 4.81 0.93 1.48 4.47 1.19 1.31 3.95 1.77 1.07 3.23 1.97 1.02 3.07 2.07 0.99 2.99
5 0.78 1.62 4.89 0.97 1.45 4.37 1.43 1.20 3.60 1.36 1.22 3.69 1.63 1.12 3.37 2.12 0.98 2.96 1.93 1.03 3.10 2.35 0.93 2.81 3.46 0.77 2.31
10 1.00 1.43 4.30 1.25 1.28 3.85 1.84 1.05 3.18 1.52 1.16 3.49 1.87 1.04 3.14 2.66 0.88 2.64 1.94 1.02 3.09 2.36 0.93 2.80 4.27 0.69 2.08
1 1.30 1.25 3.77 1.64 1.11 3.36 2.68 0.87 2.63 1.67 1.11 3.33 2.07 0.99 2.99 3.68 0.74 2.24 1.95 1.02 3.08 2.37 0.93 2.80 4.56 0.67 2.02
0.20 1 0.24 2.94 7.68 0.35 2.42 6.32 0.65 1.77 4.61 0.74 1.66 4.34 0.85 1.55 4.03 1.10 1.36 3.55 1.64 1.12 2.91 1.79 1.07 2.78 1.91 1.03 2.69
5 0.72 1.69 4.40 0.89 1.51 3.95 1.32 1.24 3.24 1.28 1.26 3.30 1.52 1.16 3.03 1.97 1.02 2.66 1.89 1.04 2.71 2.29 0.94 2.46 3.20 0.80 2.08
10 0.93 1.48 3.86 1.15 1.33 3.47 1.69 1.10 2.86 1.45 1.19 3.10 1.77 1.07 2.80 2.46 0.91 2.37 1.91 1.03 2.70 2.32 0.94 2.45 3.96 0.72 1.87
1 1.24 1.28 3.35 1.55 1.15 3.00 2.45 0.91 2.38 1.62 1.12 2.93 2.00 1.01 2.63 3.42 0.77 2.01 1.93 1.03 2.69 2.33 0.94 2.44 4.44 0.68 1.77
0.25 1 0.22 3.06 7.13 0.32 2.52 5.87 0.61 1.83 4.26 0.68 1.73 4.03 0.79 1.61 3.75 1.03 1.41 3.28 1.51 1.16 2.71 1.65 1.11 2.60 1.78 1.07 2.50
5 0.67 1.75 4.08 0.83 1.57 3.67 1.23 1.29 3.01 1.20 1.31 3.05 1.41 1.20 2.80 1.83 1.05 2.46 1.84 1.05 2.46 2.22 0.96 2.24 2.98 0.83 1.93
10 0.87 1.53 3.57 1.07 1.38 3.22 1.57 1.14 2.66 1.38 1.22 2.84 1.66 1.11 2.58 2.29 0.94 2.20 1.87 1.04 2.44 2.27 0.95 2.21 3.68 0.74 1.74
1 1.18 1.32 3.07 1.46 1.18 2.76 2.26 0.95 2.22 1.57 1.14 2.66 1.94 1.03 2.40 3.19 0.80 1.87 1.90 1.04 2.42 2.30 0.94 2.20 4.32 0.69 1.60
0.8 0.05 1 0.57 1.66 14.81 0.71 1.48 13.27 0.96 1.28 11.41 1.56 1.00 8.94 1.90 0.91 8.12 2.29 0.83 7.39 1.61 0.99 8.81 1.90 0.91 8.11 3.21 0.70 6.24
5 1.28 1.11 9.90 1.64 0.98 8.74 2.58 0.78 6.97 1.56 1.00 8.94 1.92 0.90 8.08 3.54 0.66 5.94 1.68 0.97 8.64 2.00 0.88 7.92 3.54 0.66 5.94
10 1.35 1.08 9.63 1.71 0.96 8.55 3.26 0.69 6.19 1.56 1.00 8.94 1.92 0.90 8.07 3.60 0.66 5.90 1.70 0.96 8.58 2.03 0.88 7.85 3.64 0.65 5.86
1 1.39 1.06 9.47 1.75 0.94 8.45 3.41 0.68 6.06 1.56 1.00 8.94 1.92 0.90 8.07 3.62 0.66 5.88 1.74 0.95 8.49 2.08 0.87 7.75 3.78 0.64 5.75
0.10 1 0.49 1.78 11.29 0.61 1.60 10.13 0.84 1.36 8.62 1.54 1.01 6.37 1.89 0.91 5.75 2.05 0.87 5.52 1.61 0.99 6.23 1.90 0.91 5.74 3.20 0.70 4.42
5 1.20 1.14 7.22 1.52 1.01 6.41 2.25 0.83 5.27 1.54 1.01 6.36 1.89 0.91 5.74 3.54 0.66 4.20 1.67 0.97 6.12 1.99 0.89 5.60 3.54 0.66 4.20
column
10 1.30 1.10 6.94 1.64 0.97 6.16 2.95 0.73 4.60 1.54 1.01 6.36 1.89 0.91 5.74 3.55 0.66 4.19 1.69 0.96 6.08 2.02 0.88 5.56 3.63 0.66 4.15
1 1.36 1.07 6.77 1.71 0.96 6.04 3.30 0.69 4.35 1.54 1.01 6.36 1.89 0.91 5.74 3.56 0.66 4.19 1.72 0.95 6.02 2.07 0.87 5.50 3.75 0.65 4.08
0.15 1 0.43 1.91 9.84 0.53 1.71 8.84 0.75 1.44 7.46 1.49 1.02 5.29 1.80 0.93 4.82 1.85 0.92 4.74 1.61 0.99 5.09 1.90 0.91 4.69 3.18 0.70 3.62
5 1.12 1.18 6.09 1.40 1.06 5.45 1.99 0.89 4.57 1.52 1.01 5.24 1.87 0.91 4.72 3.39 0.68 3.51 1.67 0.97 5.00 1.99 0.89 4.58 3.53 0.67 3.43
10 1.25 1.12 5.78 1.57 1.00 5.15 2.65 0.77 3.96 1.52 1.01 5.23 1.87 0.91 4.72 3.49 0.67 3.46 1.69 0.96 4.97 2.01 0.88 4.55 3.62 0.66 3.39
1 1.33 1.08 5.59 1.67 0.97 5.00 3.17 0.70 3.63 1.52 1.01 5.23 1.87 0.91 4.72 3.49 0.67 3.45 1.71 0.95 4.93 2.05 0.87 4.50 3.72 0.65 3.35
0.20 1 0.38 2.02 9.03 0.47 1.82 8.12 0.67 1.52 6.81 1.41 1.05 4.72 1.60 0.99 4.42 1.68 0.96 4.31 1.61 0.99 4.41 1.90 0.91 4.06 3.16 0.70 3.15
5 1.05 1.22 5.46 1.29 1.10 4.92 1.79 0.94 4.18 1.49 1.02 4.58 1.83 0.92 4.13 3.05 0.72 3.20 1.66 0.97 4.34 1.98 0.89 3.97 3.53 0.67 2.98
10 1.19 1.14 5.12 1.49 1.02 4.57 2.40 0.81 3.61 1.50 1.02 4.57 1.84 0.92 4.12 3.38 0.68 3.04 1.68 0.96 4.32 2.01 0.88 3.95 3.60 0.66 2.94
1 1.30 1.10 4.90 1.62 0.98 4.39 3.03 0.72 3.21 1.50 1.02 4.56 1.84 0.92 4.12 3.42 0.68 3.02 1.70 0.96 4.28 2.04 0.87 3.91 3.68 0.65 2.91
0.25 1 0.35 2.13 8.51 0.43 1.91 7.65 0.61 1.60 6.39 1.30 1.10 4.38 1.44 1.04 4.16 1.53 1.01 4.04 1.61 0.99 3.95 1.90 0.91 3.63 3.13 0.71 2.83
5 0.98 1.26 5.06 1.19 1.15 4.59 1.62 0.98 3.93 1.46 1.03 4.13 1.79 0.93 3.73 2.78 0.75 3.00 1.66 0.97 3.89 1.98 0.89 3.56 3.52 0.67 2.66

10 1.14 1.17 4.68 1.42 1.05 4.20 2.19 0.85 3.38 1.47 1.03 4.12 1.81 0.93 3.72 3.22 0.70 2.78 1.67 0.97 3.87 2.00 0.88 3.54 3.59 0.66 2.64
1 1.27 1.11 4.44 1.58 0.99 3.98 2.89 0.74 2.94 1.48 1.03 4.11 1.82 0.93 3.71 3.34 0.68 2.73 1.69 0.96 3.84 2.03 0.88 3.51 3.65 0.65 2.62
0.9 0.05 1 1.15 1.04 20.89 1.45 0.92 18.55 1.95 0.80 16.00 1.27 0.98 19.82 1.53 0.90 18.10 2.60 0.69 13.87 1.28 0.98 19.74 1.53 0.90 18.08 2.61 0.69 13.84
5 1.19 1.02 20.47 1.48 0.91 18.40 2.69 0.68 13.63 1.32 0.97 19.47 1.59 0.88 17.72 2.78 0.67 13.41 1.40 0.94 18.93 1.66 0.86 17.35 2.83 0.66 13.30
10 1.20 1.02 20.45 1.48 0.91 18.39 2.69 0.68 13.63 1.33 0.96 19.37 1.61 0.88 17.61 2.83 0.66 13.28 1.46 0.92 18.51 1.74 0.84 16.98 2.95 0.65 13.01
1 1.20 1.01 20.43 1.48 0.91 18.39 2.69 0.68 13.62 1.35 0.96 19.22 1.64 0.87 17.45 2.90 0.65 13.12 1.61 0.88 17.64 1.91 0.80 16.19 3.25 0.62 12.40
0.10 1 1.06 1.08 15.33 1.32 0.97 13.77 1.56 0.89 12.68 1.27 0.99 14.02 1.53 0.90 12.80 2.60 0.69 9.81 1.28 0.98 13.96 1.53 0.90 12.78 2.61 0.69 9.79
5 1.18 1.02 14.57 1.46 0.92 13.09 2.66 0.68 9.70 1.31 0.97 13.79 1.59 0.88 12.55 2.78 0.67 9.49 1.40 0.94 13.39 1.66 0.86 12.27 2.82 0.66 9.41
10 1.18 1.02 14.54 1.46 0.92 13.08 2.66 0.68 9.70 1.33 0.96 13.72 1.61 0.88 12.48 2.82 0.66 9.41 1.46 0.92 13.09 1.73 0.84 12.01 2.95 0.65 9.20
1 1.19 1.02 14.51 1.46 0.92 13.07 2.66 0.68 9.70 1.35 0.96 13.63 1.63 0.87 12.38 2.88 0.65 9.32 1.60 0.88 12.48 1.90 0.81 11.46 3.24 0.62 8.78
0.15 1 0.95 1.14 13.25 1.12 1.05 12.22 1.28 0.98 11.39 1.27 0.99 11.45 1.53 0.90 10.45 2.60 0.69 8.01 1.28 0.98 11.40 1.53 0.90 10.44 2.61 0.69 7.99
5 1.16 1.03 11.98 1.44 0.93 10.77 2.61 0.69 7.99 1.31 0.97 11.28 1.58 0.88 10.26 2.77 0.67 7.76 1.39 0.94 10.93 1.66 0.86 10.02 2.82 0.66 7.68
10 1.17 1.03 11.94 1.44 0.92 10.74 2.62 0.69 7.98 1.32 0.97 11.23 1.60 0.88 10.21 2.81 0.66 7.71 1.46 0.92 10.69 1.73 0.84 9.81 2.95 0.65 7.52
1 1.18 1.02 11.91 1.45 0.92 10.73 2.62 0.69 7.97 1.34 0.96 11.16 1.62 0.87 10.14 2.85 0.66 7.64 1.60 0.88 10.20 1.90 0.81 9.37 3.23 0.62 7.18
0.20 1 0.83 1.22 12.24 0.95 1.14 11.47 1.09 1.06 10.70 1.27 0.99 9.92 1.52 0.90 9.05 2.59 0.69 6.94 1.28 0.98 9.87 1.53 0.90 9.04 2.61 0.69 6.92
5 1.14 1.04 10.46 1.41 0.93 9.40 2.54 0.70 7.01 1.31 0.97 9.78 1.58 0.88 8.90 2.76 0.67 6.73 1.39 0.94 9.47 1.66 0.86 8.68 2.82 0.66 6.65
10 1.15 1.03 10.40 1.42 0.93 9.37 2.57 0.69 6.97 1.32 0.97 9.75 1.59 0.88 8.86 2.79 0.66 6.69 1.46 0.92 9.26 1.73 0.84 8.50 2.94 0.65 6.51
1 1.16 1.03 10.36 1.43 0.93 9.34 2.58 0.69 6.96 1.33 0.96 9.70 1.61 0.88 8.81 2.83 0.66 6.65 1.60 0.88 8.85 1.90 0.81 8.12 3.22 0.62 6.23
0.25 1 0.74 1.30 11.66 0.82 1.22 11.02 0.95 1.14 10.27 1.27 0.99 8.88 1.52 0.90 8.10 2.59 0.69 6.22 1.28 0.98 8.83 1.53 0.90 8.08 2.61 0.69 6.19
5 1.12 1.05 9.44 1.39 0.94 8.49 2.45 0.71 6.39 1.30 0.97 8.77 1.57 0.89 7.98 2.75 0.67 6.03 1.39 0.94 8.47 1.66 0.86 7.77 2.82 0.66 5.95
10 1.14 1.04 9.37 1.41 0.94 8.44 2.52 0.70 6.30 1.31 0.97 8.74 1.58 0.88 7.94 2.78 0.67 6.00 1.46 0.92 8.29 1.73 0.84 7.60 2.94 0.65 5.83
1 1.15 1.04 9.32 1.42 0.93 8.40 2.54 0.70 6.27 1.32 0.97 8.70 1.60 0.88 7.91 2.80 0.66 5.97 1.59 0.88 7.92 1.89 0.81 7.27 3.21 0.62 5.58
6 0.6 0.05 1 0.14 4.45 12.19 0.26 3.27 8.95 0.83 1.83 5.01 0.35 2.80 7.67 0.48 2.42 6.62 1.01 1.65 4.53 0.68 2.03 5.55 0.80 1.86 5.11 1.29 1.47 4.02
5 0.44 2.51 6.89 0.58 2.19 5.99 1.22 1.51 4.13 0.74 1.93 5.29 0.90 1.76 4.82 1.52 1.35 3.70 1.22 1.51 4.13 1.39 1.41 3.86 2.00 1.18 3.23
10 0.59 2.16 5.92 0.75 1.92 5.27 1.44 1.39 3.80 0.95 1.71 4.68 1.12 1.57 4.31 1.82 1.24 3.38 1.50 1.36 3.73 1.72 1.27 3.48 2.45 1.06 2.92
1 0.90 1.75 4.80 1.09 1.59 4.37 1.92 1.20 3.30 1.35 1.44 3.93 1.58 1.33 3.64 2.50 1.05 2.88 1.94 1.20 3.28 2.26 1.11 3.04 3.59 0.88 2.41
0.10 1 0.13 4.61 8.92 0.24 3.38 6.54 0.78 1.88 3.64 0.33 2.90 5.61 0.44 2.50 4.85 0.96 1.70 3.30 0.63 2.11 4.08 0.74 1.94 3.75 1.21 1.52 2.94
5 0.41 2.61 5.05 0.54 2.27 4.39 1.15 1.56 3.01 0.70 2.00 3.87 0.84 1.82 3.53 1.44 1.39 2.69 1.14 1.56 3.03 1.30 1.46 2.84 1.88 1.22 2.36
10 0.55 2.24 4.34 0.70 2.00 3.87 1.34 1.44 2.78 0.89 1.77 3.43 1.05 1.63 3.15 1.71 1.28 2.47 1.40 1.41 2.72 1.60 1.32 2.55 2.30 1.10 2.13
75
76
column
1 0.83 1.83 3.53 1.00 1.66 3.22 1.75 1.26 2.44 1.26 1.49 2.88 1.47 1.38 2.66 2.31 1.10 2.12 1.85 1.23 2.37 2.14 1.14 2.21 3.32 0.91 1.77
0.15 1 0.12 4.75 7.52 0.23 3.49 5.52 0.74 1.93 3.06 0.31 2.99 4.73 0.42 2.58 4.08 0.91 1.75 2.76 0.58 2.18 3.45 0.69 2.01 3.18 1.14 1.56 2.47
5 0.38 2.69 4.26 0.51 2.34 3.71 1.08 1.60 2.53 0.65 2.06 3.26 0.78 1.88 2.98 1.36 1.43 2.26 1.06 1.62 2.56 1.21 1.52 2.40 1.77 1.25 1.98
10 0.52 2.32 3.67 0.65 2.07 3.27 1.26 1.49 2.35 0.83 1.83 2.89 0.98 1.68 2.66 1.61 1.31 2.08 1.32 1.45 2.30 1.50 1.36 2.15 2.16 1.13 1.79
1 0.77 1.90 3.00 0.93 1.73 2.74 1.60 1.32 2.08 1.18 1.53 2.42 1.37 1.42 2.25 2.14 1.14 1.80 1.76 1.26 1.98 2.03 1.17 1.85 3.09 0.95 1.50
0.20 1 0.12 4.90 6.71 0.21 3.59 4.92 0.71 1.98 2.72 0.29 3.08 4.22 0.39 2.66 3.65 0.86 1.79 2.46 0.54 2.26 3.09 0.64 2.08 2.85 1.07 1.61 2.20
5 0.36 2.78 3.81 0.47 2.42 3.31 1.02 1.65 2.26 0.61 2.13 2.91 0.74 1.94 2.66 1.29 1.47 2.01 1.00 1.67 2.28 1.13 1.57 2.14 1.67 1.29 1.76
10 0.48 2.40 3.28 0.61 2.14 2.93 1.18 1.53 2.10 0.78 1.88 2.58 0.92 1.74 2.38 1.52 1.35 1.85 1.24 1.50 2.05 1.41 1.41 1.92 2.04 1.17 1.60
1 0.72 1.97 2.69 0.86 1.80 2.46 1.48 1.37 1.88 1.11 1.58 2.17 1.28 1.47 2.01 1.99 1.18 1.62 1.68 1.29 1.76 1.92 1.20 1.65 2.89 0.98 1.34
0.25 1 0.11 5.04 6.17 0.20 3.70 4.53 0.67 2.03 2.49 0.28 3.17 3.89 0.37 2.74 3.35 0.82 1.84 2.25 0.51 2.33 2.85 0.60 2.15 2.63 1.02 1.65 2.02
5 0.34 2.86 3.51 0.45 2.49 3.05 0.97 1.70 2.08 0.58 2.19 2.68 0.70 2.00 2.44 1.22 1.51 1.85 0.94 1.72 2.11 1.07 1.61 1.98 1.59 1.32 1.62
10 0.45 2.47 3.03 0.57 2.21 2.71 1.11 1.58 1.94 0.74 1.94 2.37 0.87 1.79 2.19 1.44 1.39 1.70 1.17 1.54 1.89 1.33 1.45 1.77 1.93 1.20 1.47

1 0.67 2.03 2.49 0.80 1.86 2.28 1.37 1.42 1.74 1.05 1.63 1.99 1.21 1.52 1.86 1.86 1.22 1.50 1.60 1.32 1.61 1.82 1.23 1.51 2.71 1.01 1.24
0.7 0.05 1 0.21 3.12 13.27 0.31 2.56 10.90 0.71 1.70 7.23 0.65 1.77 7.53 0.76 1.64 6.99 1.09 1.37 5.84 1.52 1.16 4.94 1.64 1.12 4.75 1.80 1.06 4.53
5 0.68 1.73 7.38 0.82 1.58 6.71 1.31 1.25 5.31 1.21 1.30 5.54 1.39 1.21 5.16 1.85 1.05 4.47 1.88 1.04 4.44 2.19 0.97 4.11 2.94 0.83 3.55
10 0.92 1.49 6.34 1.10 1.36 5.81 1.68 1.10 4.69 1.43 1.19 5.09 1.67 1.10 4.71 2.34 0.93 3.98 1.91 1.03 4.40 2.22 0.96 4.09 3.73 0.74 3.15
1 1.30 1.25 5.33 1.56 1.15 4.88 2.58 0.89 3.79 1.66 1.11 4.72 1.96 1.02 4.35 3.54 0.76 3.24 1.94 1.03 4.37 2.24 0.96 4.07 4.65 0.66 2.82
0.10 1 0.19 3.27 9.86 0.28 2.69 8.10 0.65 1.77 5.33 0.59 1.86 5.60 0.69 1.73 5.20 1.00 1.43 4.31 1.36 1.23 3.69 1.46 1.18 3.56 1.65 1.11 3.35
5 0.62 1.82 5.48 0.74 1.66 4.99 1.20 1.30 3.93 1.11 1.36 4.09 1.26 1.27 3.83 1.70 1.10 3.30 1.81 1.06 3.20 2.09 0.99 2.98 2.70 0.87 2.62
10 0.84 1.56 4.70 0.99 1.43 4.32 1.53 1.15 3.48 1.33 1.24 3.73 1.54 1.15 3.47 2.14 0.98 2.94 1.86 1.05 3.15 2.16 0.97 2.93 3.42 0.77 2.33
1 1.21 1.30 3.91 1.44 1.19 3.59 2.31 0.94 2.83 1.59 1.13 3.41 1.87 1.04 3.14 3.20 0.80 2.41 1.90 1.04 3.12 2.20 0.96 2.90 4.52 0.67 2.02
0.15 1 0.17 3.43 8.42 0.26 2.81 6.92 0.60 1.84 4.52 0.54 1.94 4.78 0.63 1.81 4.44 0.92 1.49 3.65 1.23 1.29 3.17 1.32 1.24 3.06 1.52 1.16 2.85
5 0.56 1.90 4.68 0.68 1.73 4.27 1.11 1.36 3.34 1.02 1.42 3.48 1.16 1.33 3.27 1.57 1.14 2.80 1.72 1.09 2.68 1.97 1.02 2.50 2.49 0.91 2.23
10 0.77 1.63 4.01 0.91 1.50 3.69 1.40 1.21 2.96 1.24 1.28 3.16 1.42 1.20 2.94 1.98 1.02 2.50 1.81 1.06 2.61 2.09 0.99 2.43 3.14 0.81 1.98
1 1.13 1.34 3.31 1.33 1.24 3.05 2.09 0.99 2.43 1.53 1.16 2.84 1.79 1.07 2.63 2.92 0.84 2.06 1.87 1.04 2.57 2.16 0.97 2.39 4.35 0.69 1.68
0.20 1 0.16 3.57 7.60 0.24 2.93 6.25 0.56 1.91 4.06 0.50 2.03 4.32 0.58 1.88 4.01 0.86 1.54 3.28 1.12 1.35 2.87 1.20 1.30 2.77 1.40 1.21 2.57
5 0.52 1.98 4.22 0.62 1.81 3.85 1.02 1.41 3.01 0.94 1.47 3.13 1.07 1.38 2.95 1.46 1.18 2.52 1.63 1.12 2.38 1.85 1.05 2.24 2.30 0.94 2.01
10 0.71 1.70 3.61 0.83 1.57 3.33 1.30 1.25 2.67 1.16 1.33 2.83 1.32 1.24 2.65 1.83 1.06 2.25 1.75 1.08 2.30 2.01 1.01 2.14 2.91 0.84 1.79
1 1.05 1.39 2.97 1.23 1.29 2.74 1.90 1.04 2.21 1.46 1.18 2.52 1.70 1.09 2.33 2.68 0.87 1.86 1.83 1.05 2.25 2.12 0.98 2.09 4.13 0.70 1.50
0.25 1 0.15 3.71 7.07 0.22 3.05 5.81 0.52 1.97 3.76 0.46 2.11 4.01 0.53 1.96 3.73 0.81 1.59 3.03 1.03 1.41 2.68 1.11 1.36 2.59 1.30 1.25 2.38
5 0.48 2.06 3.92 0.58 1.88 3.58 0.95 1.46 2.79 0.88 1.52 2.91 0.99 1.44 2.74 1.36 1.22 2.33 1.54 1.15 2.19 1.72 1.09 2.07 2.14 0.98 1.86
10 0.66 1.76 3.35 0.77 1.63 3.10 1.20 1.30 2.48 1.08 1.37 2.61 1.23 1.29 2.45 1.71 1.09 2.08 1.68 1.10 2.10 1.93 1.03 1.96 2.70 0.87 1.66
1 0.98 1.44 2.74 1.14 1.34 2.55 1.74 1.08 2.06 1.40 1.21 2.30 1.62 1.12 2.14 2.47 0.91 1.73 1.80 1.07 2.03 2.07 0.99 1.89 3.90 0.72 1.38
0.8 0.05 1 0.39 1.99 14.57 0.48 1.80 13.14 0.76 1.44 10.50 1.43 1.04 7.63 1.62 0.98 7.18 1.68 0.96 7.04 1.59 0.99 7.23 1.79 0.93 6.81 3.04 0.72 5.24
5 1.14 1.17 8.55 1.36 1.07 7.83 1.91 0.90 6.60 1.51 1.02 7.42 1.77 0.94 6.86 3.05 0.72 5.23 1.63 0.98 7.15 1.85 0.92 6.70 3.44 0.67 4.92
10 1.29 1.10 8.04 1.54 1.01 7.35 2.68 0.76 5.57 1.52 1.01 7.41 1.77 0.94 6.86 3.55 0.66 4.85 1.64 0.97 7.12 1.87 0.91 6.67 3.55 0.66 4.84
1 1.38 1.06 7.77 1.63 0.98 7.15 3.39 0.68 4.96 1.52 1.01 7.40 1.77 0.94 6.86 3.56 0.66 4.84 1.66 0.97 7.08 1.90 0.91 6.62 3.67 0.65 4.76
0.10 1 0.34 2.15 11.12 0.41 1.94 10.04 0.66 1.54 7.93 1.27 1.11 5.72 1.39 1.06 5.48 1.49 1.02 5.29 1.59 0.99 5.12 1.79 0.93 4.82 2.97 0.72 3.74
5 1.03 1.23 6.36 1.21 1.14 5.87 1.67 0.97 5.00 1.48 1.03 5.31 1.73 0.95 4.91 2.72 0.76 3.91 1.63 0.98 5.06 1.85 0.92 4.75 3.44 0.67 3.48
10 1.22 1.13 5.85 1.45 1.04 5.36 2.34 0.82 4.22 1.49 1.02 5.29 1.74 0.95 4.89 3.47 0.67 3.46 1.64 0.98 5.05 1.87 0.92 4.73 3.54 0.66 3.43
1 1.34 1.08 5.57 1.59 0.99 5.12 3.23 0.70 3.59 1.50 1.02 5.27 1.74 0.95 4.89 3.50 0.67 3.45 1.65 0.97 5.02 1.89 0.91 4.70 3.64 0.66 3.38
column
0.15 1 0.30 2.30 9.70 0.36 2.08 8.76 0.59 1.63 6.86 1.13 1.18 4.97 1.21 1.13 4.79 1.33 1.08 4.56 1.59 0.99 4.18 1.79 0.93 3.93 2.88 0.74 3.11
5 0.93 1.29 5.46 1.08 1.20 5.08 1.48 1.03 4.33 1.44 1.04 4.40 1.68 0.96 4.07 2.44 0.80 3.38 1.62 0.98 4.14 1.84 0.92 3.88 3.44 0.67 2.84
10 1.14 1.17 4.93 1.35 1.08 4.54 2.07 0.87 3.67 1.46 1.03 4.36 1.70 0.96 4.04 3.14 0.71 2.97 1.63 0.98 4.13 1.86 0.92 3.87 3.53 0.66 2.80
1 1.31 1.09 4.61 1.54 1.01 4.25 3.05 0.72 3.02 1.48 1.03 4.34 1.72 0.95 4.02 3.42 0.68 2.85 1.64 0.98 4.11 1.88 0.91 3.85 3.61 0.66 2.77
0.20 1 0.26 2.44 8.91 0.32 2.20 8.05 0.53 1.72 6.26 1.01 1.25 4.55 1.08 1.20 4.40 1.21 1.14 4.16 1.59 0.99 3.62 1.79 0.93 3.41 2.74 0.76 2.76
5 0.85 1.36 4.96 0.97 1.27 4.63 1.33 1.08 3.96 1.38 1.06 3.88 1.61 0.99 3.60 2.20 0.84 3.08 1.61 0.98 3.59 1.84 0.92 3.37 3.44 0.67 2.46
10 1.07 1.21 4.41 1.25 1.12 4.08 1.85 0.92 3.36 1.43 1.05 3.82 1.66 0.97 3.54 2.83 0.74 2.71 1.62 0.98 3.59 1.85 0.92 3.36 3.52 0.67 2.43
1 1.27 1.11 4.06 1.49 1.02 3.74 2.84 0.74 2.71 1.45 1.04 3.79 1.69 0.96 3.51 3.33 0.68 2.50 1.63 0.98 3.58 1.86 0.92 3.35 3.57 0.66 2.41
0.25 1 0.24 2.57 8.40 0.29 2.32 7.59 0.48 1.80 5.88 0.91 1.31 4.28 0.97 1.27 4.15 1.10 1.19 3.89 1.59 0.99 3.24 1.79 0.93 3.05 2.58 0.78 2.54
5 0.77 1.42 4.64 0.88 1.33 4.35 1.20 1.14 3.72 1.32 1.09 3.55 1.52 1.01 3.31 2.00 0.88 2.89 1.61 0.99 3.22 1.83 0.92 3.02 3.44 0.67 2.20
10 1.00 1.25 4.08 1.16 1.16 3.79 1.68 0.97 3.15 1.39 1.06 3.47 1.61 0.98 3.22 2.58 0.78 2.54 1.61 0.98 3.22 1.84 0.92 3.01 3.51 0.67 2.18
1 1.23 1.13 3.69 1.44 1.04 3.40 2.64 0.77 2.51 1.43 1.05 3.41 1.66 0.97 3.17 3.22 0.70 2.27 1.62 0.98 3.21 1.85 0.92 3.00 3.53 0.66 2.17

0.9 0.05 1 1.04 1.09 17.91 1.22 1.01 16.55 1.40 0.94 15.44 1.26 0.99 16.27 1.44 0.93 15.23 2.54 0.70 11.46 1.27 0.99 16.22 1.44 0.93 15.22 2.58 0.69 11.37
5 1.19 1.02 16.74 1.39 0.94 15.48 2.69 0.68 11.14 1.29 0.98 16.09 1.48 0.91 15.02 2.73 0.67 11.06 1.35 0.96 15.74 1.53 0.90 14.77 2.74 0.67 11.02
10 1.19 1.02 16.71 1.39 0.94 15.47 2.69 0.68 11.13 1.30 0.98 16.04 1.49 0.91 14.96 2.77 0.67 10.96 1.39 0.94 15.48 1.58 0.88 14.53 2.84 0.66 10.83
1 1.20 1.02 16.68 1.39 0.94 15.46 2.69 0.68 11.12 1.31 0.97 15.97 1.51 0.91 14.87 2.83 0.66 10.85 1.50 0.91 14.89 1.71 0.85 13.98 3.08 0.63 10.40
0.10 1 0.86 1.20 13.95 0.95 1.14 13.21 1.11 1.06 12.26 1.26 0.99 11.51 1.44 0.93 10.77 2.53 0.70 8.12 1.27 0.99 11.47 1.44 0.93 10.76 2.58 0.69 8.04
5 1.17 1.03 11.93 1.37 0.95 11.03 2.66 0.68 7.92 1.28 0.98 11.40 1.47 0.92 10.64 2.72 0.67 7.82 1.34 0.96 11.13 1.53 0.90 10.45 2.74 0.67 7.80
10 1.18 1.02 11.89 1.38 0.95 11.01 2.66 0.68 7.92 1.29 0.98 11.37 1.48 0.91 10.60 2.76 0.67 7.77 1.39 0.94 10.95 1.58 0.88 10.28 2.84 0.66 7.66
1 1.19 1.02 11.85 1.38 0.95 10.99 2.66 0.68 7.92 1.30 0.97 11.33 1.50 0.91 10.55 2.81 0.66 7.70 1.50 0.91 10.54 1.70 0.85 9.90 3.07 0.63 7.37
0.15 1 0.71 1.32 12.51 0.78 1.26 11.96 0.91 1.16 11.02 1.26 0.99 9.40 1.44 0.93 8.80 2.51 0.70 6.66 1.27 0.99 9.36 1.44 0.93 8.79 2.58 0.69 6.56
5 1.15 1.04 9.83 1.34 0.96 9.09 2.59 0.69 6.55 1.28 0.98 9.32 1.47 0.92 8.70 2.72 0.67 6.39 1.34 0.96 9.09 1.53 0.90 8.53 2.74 0.67 6.37
10 1.16 1.03 9.77 1.36 0.95 9.05 2.61 0.69 6.52 1.28 0.98 9.30 1.48 0.91 8.67 2.75 0.67 6.36 1.39 0.94 8.94 1.58 0.88 8.39 2.84 0.66 6.26
1 1.17 1.03 9.73 1.37 0.95 9.02 2.62 0.69 6.51 1.29 0.98 9.28 1.49 0.91 8.64 2.78 0.67 6.32 1.50 0.91 8.62 1.70 0.85 8.09 3.06 0.64 6.03
0.20 1 0.60 1.43 11.76 0.65 1.37 11.29 0.78 1.26 10.35 1.26 0.99 8.15 1.44 0.93 7.62 2.47 0.71 5.81 1.27 0.99 8.11 1.44 0.93 7.61 2.58 0.69 5.68
5 1.12 1.05 8.61 1.31 0.97 7.96 2.43 0.71 5.85 1.27 0.98 8.09 1.46 0.92 7.55 2.71 0.67 5.54 1.34 0.96 7.88 1.53 0.90 7.39 2.74 0.67 5.51
10 1.15 1.04 8.52 1.34 0.96 7.89 2.56 0.70 5.71 1.28 0.98 8.08 1.47 0.92 7.53 2.73 0.67 5.52 1.39 0.94 7.75 1.58 0.89 7.27 2.83 0.66 5.42
1 1.16 1.03 8.47 1.35 0.96 7.85 2.58 0.69 5.68 1.28 0.98 8.06 1.48 0.91 7.51 2.76 0.67 5.50 1.49 0.91 7.47 1.69 0.85 7.02 3.04 0.64 5.23
0.25 1 0.52 1.54 11.30 0.56 1.48 10.87 0.68 1.35 9.93 1.25 0.99 7.29 1.43 0.93 6.82 2.38 0.72 5.29 1.27 0.99 7.25 1.44 0.93 6.81 2.58 0.69 5.08
5 1.10 1.06 7.80 1.28 0.98 7.22 2.21 0.75 5.49 1.27 0.99 7.25 1.46 0.92 6.77 2.70 0.68 4.97 1.34 0.96 7.05 1.53 0.90 6.61 2.74 0.67 4.93
10 1.13 1.05 7.68 1.32 0.97 7.12 2.48 0.71 5.18 1.27 0.99 7.24 1.46 0.92 6.75 2.72 0.67 4.95 1.39 0.94 6.93 1.57 0.89 6.51 2.83 0.66 4.85
1 1.15 1.04 7.61 1.34 0.96 7.06 2.54 0.70 5.12 1.27 0.98 7.23 1.47 0.92 6.74 2.73 0.67 4.94 1.49 0.91 6.69 1.69 0.86 6.28 3.03 0.64 4.69
8 0.6 0.05 1 0.11 5.12 12.15 0.20 3.75 8.89 0.79 1.88 4.46 0.27 3.23 7.66 0.36 2.78 6.60 0.92 1.73 4.11 0.51 2.34 5.54 0.60 2.15 5.09 1.13 1.57 3.72
5 0.34 2.86 6.79 0.44 2.51 5.94 1.09 1.60 3.79 0.57 2.20 5.22 0.68 2.02 4.79 1.31 1.45 3.45 0.95 1.71 4.07 1.06 1.62 3.83 1.67 1.29 3.06
10 0.46 2.45 5.80 0.58 2.20 5.21 1.25 1.49 3.53 0.74 1.93 4.59 0.86 1.79 4.25 1.54 1.34 3.18 1.20 1.52 3.62 1.34 1.44 3.42 2.02 1.17 2.78
1 0.73 1.95 4.63 0.86 1.80 4.27 1.62 1.31 3.10 1.11 1.59 3.76 1.26 1.49 3.52 2.08 1.16 2.74 1.69 1.28 3.04 1.90 1.21 2.87 2.94 0.97 2.31
0.10 1 0.10 5.30 8.89 0.18 3.88 6.50 0.74 1.93 3.24 0.25 3.34 5.60 0.34 2.88 4.83 0.87 1.78 2.99 0.47 2.43 4.07 0.56 2.23 3.75 1.06 1.62 2.72
5 0.32 2.97 4.98 0.41 2.60 4.36 1.02 1.65 2.77 0.53 2.28 3.82 0.64 2.09 3.50 1.24 1.50 2.51 0.88 1.78 2.98 0.99 1.68 2.81 1.57 1.33 2.23
10 0.43 2.54 4.26 0.53 2.28 3.83 1.17 1.54 2.59 0.69 2.00 3.36 0.80 1.86 3.12 1.45 1.39 2.32 1.11 1.58 2.65 1.24 1.50 2.51 1.90 1.21 2.03
1 0.67 2.04 3.42 0.79 1.88 3.15 1.48 1.37 2.30 1.03 1.65 2.76 1.16 1.55 2.59 1.92 1.20 2.02 1.59 1.32 2.21 1.78 1.25 2.10 2.72 1.01 1.70
0.15 1 0.09 5.47 7.49 0.17 4.00 5.48 0.70 1.99 2.72 0.23 3.45 4.72 0.31 2.97 4.07 0.83 1.83 2.51 0.44 2.52 3.45 0.52 2.32 3.17 1.00 1.67 2.29
77
78
column
5 0.29 3.07 4.20 0.38 2.69 3.68 0.96 1.70 2.33 0.50 2.35 3.22 0.60 2.16 2.96 1.17 1.54 2.11 0.82 1.84 2.52 0.92 1.74 2.38 1.48 1.37 1.88
10 0.40 2.63 3.60 0.50 2.37 3.24 1.09 1.60 2.18 0.65 2.07 2.83 0.75 1.92 2.63 1.36 1.43 1.96 1.04 1.63 2.24 1.16 1.55 2.12 1.78 1.25 1.71
1 0.62 2.12 2.91 0.72 1.96 2.69 1.35 1.43 1.96 0.96 1.70 2.33 1.08 1.60 2.20 1.77 1.25 1.71 1.50 1.36 1.86 1.67 1.29 1.77 2.52 1.05 1.44
0.20 1 0.09 5.63 6.68 0.16 4.12 4.89 0.67 2.04 2.42 0.22 3.55 4.21 0.30 3.06 3.63 0.79 1.88 2.23 0.41 2.60 3.09 0.48 2.39 2.84 0.94 1.72 2.04
5 0.28 3.17 3.76 0.36 2.77 3.29 0.90 1.75 2.08 0.47 2.43 2.88 0.56 2.22 2.64 1.11 1.58 1.88 0.77 1.90 2.25 0.86 1.79 2.13 1.40 1.41 1.67
10 0.38 2.72 3.22 0.46 2.45 2.90 1.02 1.65 1.95 0.61 2.13 2.53 0.71 1.98 2.35 1.29 1.47 1.74 0.98 1.69 2.00 1.09 1.60 1.90 1.68 1.28 1.52
1 0.57 2.20 2.61 0.67 2.04 2.42 1.25 1.49 1.77 0.89 1.76 2.09 1.01 1.66 1.97 1.65 1.30 1.54 1.42 1.40 1.66 1.57 1.33 1.58 2.35 1.09 1.29
0.25 1 0.08 5.80 6.15 0.15 4.24 4.50 0.64 2.09 2.21 0.21 3.66 3.88 0.28 3.15 3.34 0.75 1.92 2.04 0.38 2.69 2.85 0.45 2.47 2.62 0.89 1.77 1.87
5 0.26 3.26 3.46 0.34 2.86 3.03 0.86 1.80 1.91 0.45 2.50 2.65 0.53 2.29 2.43 1.05 1.62 1.72 0.72 1.96 2.08 0.81 1.85 1.96 1.33 1.45 1.54
10 0.35 2.80 2.97 0.44 2.52 2.68 0.96 1.70 1.80 0.58 2.20 2.33 0.67 2.04 2.16 1.22 1.51 1.60 0.92 1.74 1.84 1.02 1.65 1.75 1.59 1.32 1.40
1 0.53 2.28 2.42 0.62 2.11 2.24 1.15 1.55 1.65 0.84 1.82 1.93 0.94 1.72 1.82 1.54 1.34 1.43 1.34 1.44 1.53 1.48 1.37 1.45 2.20 1.12 1.19

0.7 0.05 1 0.16 3.58 13.21 0.24 2.94 10.84 0.65 1.77 6.54 0.49 2.04 7.51 0.57 1.89 6.98 0.93 1.48 5.46 1.15 1.33 4.91 1.23 1.29 4.74 1.48 1.18 4.34
5 0.53 1.95 7.21 0.63 1.80 6.63 1.11 1.36 5.00 0.96 1.46 5.38 1.07 1.38 5.09 1.52 1.16 4.28 1.69 1.10 4.05 1.89 1.04 3.83 2.35 0.93 3.44
10 0.74 1.66 6.11 0.86 1.54 5.68 1.40 1.21 4.45 1.20 1.30 4.81 1.35 1.23 4.54 1.90 1.04 3.82 1.81 1.06 3.92 2.04 1.00 3.69 2.97 0.83 3.06
1 1.15 1.33 4.91 1.32 1.24 4.58 2.14 0.98 3.60 1.55 1.15 4.24 1.76 1.08 3.97 2.92 0.84 3.08 1.88 1.04 3.84 2.12 0.98 3.62 4.53 0.67 2.48
0.10 1 0.14 3.76 9.81 0.21 3.09 8.06 0.60 1.85 4.82 0.45 2.14 5.58 0.52 1.99 5.19 0.86 1.54 4.03 1.03 1.41 3.68 1.10 1.36 3.55 1.35 1.23 3.21
5 0.48 2.06 5.36 0.57 1.89 4.93 1.02 1.42 3.70 0.87 1.53 3.99 0.97 1.45 3.78 1.39 1.21 3.16 1.57 1.14 2.97 1.73 1.08 2.83 2.15 0.97 2.54
10 0.67 1.74 4.54 0.78 1.62 4.23 1.28 1.27 3.30 1.10 1.36 3.55 1.23 1.29 3.36 1.74 1.08 2.82 1.73 1.09 2.83 1.94 1.02 2.67 2.72 0.87 2.26
1 1.06 1.39 3.63 1.20 1.30 3.40 1.91 1.03 2.70 1.46 1.18 3.08 1.66 1.11 2.89 2.63 0.88 2.30 1.84 1.05 2.74 2.07 0.99 2.59 4.21 0.70 1.82
0.15 1 0.13 3.94 8.38 0.20 3.23 6.89 0.55 1.92 4.09 0.41 2.24 4.77 0.47 2.08 4.43 0.79 1.60 3.42 0.93 1.48 3.16 0.99 1.43 3.05 1.24 1.28 2.74
5 0.44 2.15 4.58 0.52 1.98 4.22 0.94 1.48 3.15 0.80 1.60 3.40 0.89 1.51 3.23 1.29 1.26 2.68 1.45 1.19 2.52 1.59 1.13 2.41 1.98 1.02 2.16
10 0.62 1.82 3.88 0.71 1.70 3.62 1.17 1.32 2.81 1.01 1.42 3.02 1.13 1.35 2.87 1.60 1.13 2.40 1.64 1.11 2.37 1.84 1.05 2.25 2.50 0.90 1.92
1 0.97 1.45 3.09 1.10 1.36 2.90 1.72 1.09 2.32 1.38 1.22 2.59 1.56 1.14 2.44 2.39 0.92 1.97 1.80 1.06 2.27 2.02 1.00 2.14 3.88 0.73 1.55
0.20 1 0.12 4.10 7.57 0.18 3.37 6.22 0.51 1.99 3.68 0.37 2.33 4.31 0.43 2.17 4.00 0.74 1.66 3.07 0.85 1.55 2.86 0.91 1.50 2.77 1.14 1.34 2.47
5 0.41 2.24 4.14 0.48 2.06 3.81 0.87 1.53 2.83 0.74 1.66 3.07 0.82 1.58 2.91 1.20 1.31 2.41 1.35 1.23 2.27 1.46 1.18 2.18 1.83 1.06 1.95
10 0.57 1.90 3.50 0.65 1.77 3.27 1.08 1.38 2.54 0.94 1.47 2.72 1.04 1.40 2.58 1.49 1.17 2.16 1.56 1.15 2.11 1.72 1.09 2.01 2.31 0.94 1.73
1 0.89 1.51 2.79 1.01 1.42 2.63 1.56 1.14 2.11 1.30 1.25 2.31 1.46 1.18 2.18 2.18 0.97 1.78 1.76 1.08 1.99 1.97 1.02 1.88 3.57 0.76 1.39
0.25 1 0.11 4.26 7.03 0.17 3.50 5.78 0.48 2.06 3.40 0.35 2.43 4.00 0.40 2.25 3.72 0.69 1.72 2.84 0.78 1.62 2.67 0.83 1.57 2.59 1.06 1.39 2.29
5 0.38 2.33 3.85 0.44 2.15 3.54 0.81 1.59 2.62 0.68 1.73 2.85 0.76 1.64 2.71 1.12 1.35 2.23 1.25 1.28 2.11 1.35 1.23 2.03 1.70 1.10 1.81
10 0.52 1.97 3.26 0.60 1.84 3.04 1.00 1.43 2.36 0.87 1.53 2.52 0.97 1.45 2.40 1.39 1.21 2.00 1.47 1.18 1.94 1.62 1.12 1.85 2.15 0.97 1.61
1 0.83 1.57 2.59 0.93 1.48 2.45 1.43 1.20 1.97 1.23 1.29 2.13 1.37 1.22 2.02 2.01 1.01 1.66 1.71 1.09 1.80 1.91 1.03 1.70 3.31 0.79 1.30
0.8 0.05 1 0.30 2.29 14.47 0.37 2.07 13.08 0.65 1.55 9.78 1.14 1.17 7.42 1.22 1.13 7.16 1.36 1.07 6.79 1.58 0.99 6.28 1.74 0.95 5.99 2.79 0.75 4.73
5 0.98 1.26 7.98 1.12 1.18 7.48 1.54 1.01 6.36 1.46 1.03 6.54 1.66 0.97 6.13 2.43 0.80 5.07 1.61 0.99 6.23 1.78 0.94 5.93 3.36 0.68 4.31
10 1.21 1.14 7.18 1.40 1.06 6.69 2.18 0.85 5.35 1.48 1.03 6.49 1.68 0.96 6.10 3.21 0.70 4.41 1.62 0.98 6.22 1.79 0.93 5.91 3.49 0.67 4.23
1 1.36 1.07 6.77 1.56 1.00 6.33 3.34 0.68 4.32 1.50 1.02 6.46 1.69 0.96 6.08 3.54 0.66 4.20 1.63 0.98 6.20 1.81 0.93 5.88 3.62 0.66 4.16
0.10 1 0.26 2.47 11.05 0.31 2.23 9.99 0.57 1.65 7.39 0.98 1.26 5.65 1.04 1.22 5.47 1.20 1.14 5.11 1.58 0.99 4.44 1.74 0.95 4.24 2.63 0.77 3.45
5 0.86 1.34 6.01 0.97 1.27 5.67 1.35 1.08 4.81 1.40 1.06 4.72 1.59 0.99 4.43 2.15 0.85 3.81 1.60 0.99 4.42 1.77 0.94 4.20 3.35 0.68 3.05
10 1.12 1.18 5.29 1.27 1.11 4.95 1.90 0.91 4.06 1.44 1.04 4.65 1.64 0.98 4.37 2.84 0.74 3.32 1.61 0.99 4.41 1.78 0.94 4.19 3.49 0.67 2.99
1 1.32 1.09 4.86 1.51 1.02 4.55 3.10 0.71 3.17 1.47 1.03 4.61 1.66 0.97 4.34 3.46 0.67 3.00 1.61 0.98 4.40 1.79 0.93 4.17 3.58 0.66 2.95
0.15 1 0.22 2.64 9.64 0.27 2.39 8.72 0.51 1.75 6.40 0.86 1.35 4.93 0.91 1.31 4.78 1.07 1.21 4.41 1.58 0.99 3.63 1.74 0.95 3.46 2.44 0.80 2.92
5 0.77 1.43 5.21 0.86 1.35 4.93 1.20 1.14 4.17 1.32 1.09 3.97 1.49 1.03 3.74 1.92 0.90 3.30 1.59 0.99 3.62 1.77 0.94 3.43 3.33 0.68 2.50
column
10 1.02 1.24 4.51 1.16 1.16 4.25 1.68 0.97 3.53 1.40 1.06 3.86 1.58 0.99 3.63 2.53 0.79 2.87 1.60 0.99 3.61 1.77 0.94 3.43 3.48 0.67 2.45
1 1.27 1.11 4.04 1.45 1.04 3.79 2.82 0.74 2.72 1.45 1.04 3.80 1.63 0.98 3.57 3.36 0.68 2.49 1.60 0.99 3.61 1.78 0.94 3.42 3.55 0.66 2.42
0.20 1 0.20 2.80 8.85 0.24 2.53 8.01 0.46 1.85 5.84 0.76 1.43 4.52 0.81 1.39 4.39 0.97 1.27 4.02 1.58 1.00 3.15 1.74 0.95 3.00 2.24 0.84 2.64
5 0.69 1.51 4.76 0.77 1.43 4.52 1.07 1.21 3.81 1.24 1.12 3.55 1.37 1.07 3.38 1.73 0.95 3.01 1.58 0.99 3.14 1.76 0.94 2.98 3.29 0.69 2.18
10 0.94 1.29 4.08 1.05 1.22 3.86 1.50 1.02 3.23 1.35 1.08 3.41 1.52 1.01 3.21 2.27 0.83 2.62 1.59 0.99 3.14 1.76 0.94 2.98 3.48 0.67 2.12
1 1.23 1.13 3.57 1.39 1.06 3.35 2.56 0.78 2.47 1.42 1.05 3.32 1.60 0.99 3.13 3.22 0.70 2.20 1.59 0.99 3.14 1.77 0.94 2.97 3.51 0.67 2.11
0.25 1 0.18 2.95 8.35 0.22 2.67 7.55 0.42 1.94 5.48 0.69 1.51 4.26 0.73 1.46 4.14 0.88 1.33 3.77 1.57 1.00 2.82 1.74 0.95 2.68 2.05 0.87 2.47
5 0.63 1.58 4.47 0.69 1.50 4.25 0.97 1.27 3.58 1.15 1.17 3.30 1.26 1.11 3.15 1.57 1.00 2.82 1.57 1.00 2.82 1.75 0.95 2.67 3.14 0.71 1.99
10 0.86 1.35 3.81 0.96 1.28 3.61 1.36 1.07 3.03 1.29 1.10 3.11 1.44 1.04 2.94 2.06 0.87 2.46 1.57 1.00 2.82 1.75 0.94 2.67 3.46 0.67 1.90
1 1.18 1.15 3.26 1.33 1.08 3.06 2.32 0.82 2.32 1.39 1.06 3.00 1.56 1.00 2.83 3.05 0.72 2.02 1.57 1.00 2.82 1.75 0.94 2.67 3.47 0.67 1.90
0.9 0.05 1 0.86 1.20 17.02 0.95 1.14 16.23 1.11 1.05 14.99 1.25 0.99 14.13 1.39 0.94 13.41 2.47 0.71 10.06 1.26 0.99 14.09 1.39 0.94 13.40 2.56 0.69 9.88

5 1.19 1.02 14.52 1.34 0.96 13.65 2.68 0.68 9.65 1.27 0.99 14.03 1.42 0.93 13.28 2.69 0.68 9.63 1.32 0.97 13.77 1.46 0.92 13.10 2.70 0.68 9.63
10 1.19 1.02 14.48 1.35 0.96 13.63 2.69 0.68 9.64 1.28 0.98 14.00 1.43 0.93 13.24 2.74 0.67 9.55 1.35 0.95 13.59 1.50 0.91 12.92 2.78 0.67 9.48
1 1.20 1.02 14.45 1.35 0.96 13.61 2.69 0.68 9.63 1.28 0.98 13.96 1.44 0.93 13.19 2.80 0.66 9.46 1.44 0.93 13.16 1.60 0.88 12.52 2.98 0.64 9.16
0.10 1 0.67 1.35 13.62 0.73 1.30 13.09 0.88 1.18 11.92 1.25 0.99 9.99 1.39 0.94 9.49 2.42 0.71 7.18 1.26 0.99 9.96 1.39 0.94 9.48 2.56 0.69 6.99
5 1.16 1.03 10.37 1.32 0.97 9.74 2.65 0.68 6.86 1.27 0.99 9.94 1.41 0.93 9.41 2.69 0.68 6.81 1.32 0.97 9.74 1.46 0.92 9.26 2.70 0.68 6.81
10 1.18 1.02 10.31 1.33 0.96 9.70 2.66 0.68 6.86 1.27 0.99 9.92 1.42 0.93 9.39 2.73 0.67 6.76 1.35 0.96 9.61 1.50 0.91 9.14 2.78 0.67 6.71
1 1.19 1.02 10.27 1.34 0.96 9.67 2.66 0.68 6.86 1.27 0.98 9.90 1.43 0.93 9.36 2.77 0.67 6.72 1.44 0.93 9.32 1.59 0.88 8.86 2.97 0.64 6.49
0.15 1 0.55 1.50 12.31 0.59 1.45 11.87 0.73 1.30 10.71 1.25 0.99 8.17 1.39 0.94 7.75 2.33 0.73 5.98 1.26 0.99 8.13 1.39 0.94 7.74 2.56 0.69 5.70
5 1.13 1.04 8.57 1.28 0.98 8.05 2.44 0.71 5.85 1.26 0.99 8.13 1.41 0.94 7.70 2.69 0.68 5.57 1.32 0.97 7.95 1.46 0.92 7.56 2.70 0.68 5.56
10 1.16 1.03 8.48 1.31 0.97 7.98 2.61 0.69 5.65 1.26 0.99 8.12 1.41 0.94 7.68 2.72 0.67 5.53 1.35 0.96 7.85 1.49 0.91 7.47 2.78 0.67 5.48
1 1.17 1.03 8.43 1.32 0.97 7.94 2.62 0.69 5.64 1.27 0.99 8.11 1.42 0.93 7.67 2.75 0.67 5.51 1.43 0.93 7.62 1.59 0.88 7.25 2.96 0.65 5.31
0.20 1 0.46 1.63 11.61 0.50 1.58 11.22 0.62 1.41 10.06 1.25 0.99 7.08 1.39 0.94 6.71 2.15 0.76 5.39 1.26 0.99 7.05 1.39 0.94 6.70 2.56 0.69 4.94
5 1.10 1.06 7.54 1.24 1.00 7.09 2.10 0.77 5.45 1.25 0.99 7.06 1.40 0.94 6.68 2.69 0.68 4.82 1.32 0.97 6.89 1.46 0.92 6.55 2.70 0.68 4.81
10 1.14 1.04 7.41 1.28 0.98 6.97 2.53 0.70 4.97 1.26 0.99 7.05 1.40 0.94 6.67 2.71 0.68 4.81 1.35 0.96 6.80 1.49 0.91 6.47 2.77 0.67 4.75
1 1.16 1.03 7.34 1.31 0.97 6.92 2.58 0.69 4.92 1.26 0.99 7.05 1.41 0.94 6.67 2.72 0.67 4.80 1.43 0.93 6.61 1.58 0.88 6.28 2.95 0.65 4.61
0.25 1 0.40 1.76 11.18 0.43 1.70 10.80 0.54 1.52 9.65 1.24 1.00 6.34 1.39 0.94 6.01 1.94 0.80 5.08 1.26 0.99 6.30 1.39 0.94 5.99 2.56 0.69 4.42
5 1.06 1.08 6.88 1.19 1.02 6.48 1.83 0.82 5.22 1.25 0.99 6.33 1.39 0.94 5.99 2.68 0.68 4.32 1.32 0.97 6.16 1.46 0.92 5.86 2.70 0.68 4.31
10 1.12 1.05 6.69 1.26 0.99 6.30 2.41 0.72 4.56 1.25 0.99 6.33 1.39 0.94 5.99 2.69 0.68 4.31 1.35 0.96 6.09 1.49 0.91 5.79 2.77 0.67 4.25
1 1.15 1.04 6.60 1.29 0.98 6.22 2.54 0.70 4.44 1.25 0.99 6.33 1.40 0.94 5.99 2.69 0.68 4.31 1.43 0.93 5.92 1.58 0.88 5.63 2.93 0.65 4.13
10 0.6 0.05 1 0.09 5.71 12.12 0.16 4.17 8.85 0.76 1.91 4.05 0.21 3.60 7.65 0.29 3.10 6.58 0.87 1.79 3.79 0.41 2.61 5.53 0.48 2.40 5.09 1.03 1.64 3.48
5 0.28 3.18 6.74 0.36 2.79 5.91 1.00 1.67 3.53 0.46 2.45 5.19 0.55 2.25 4.77 1.18 1.53 3.25 0.77 1.90 4.03 0.86 1.80 3.81 1.47 1.37 2.91
10 0.38 2.70 5.73 0.47 2.44 5.17 1.14 1.56 3.32 0.61 2.14 4.53 0.70 1.99 4.22 1.37 1.42 3.02 0.99 1.68 3.56 1.09 1.60 3.39 1.76 1.26 2.67
1 0.61 2.14 4.53 0.71 1.98 4.21 1.44 1.39 2.95 0.93 1.73 3.67 1.04 1.63 3.46 1.81 1.24 2.63 1.48 1.37 2.91 1.62 1.31 2.78 2.52 1.05 2.23
0.10 1 0.08 5.91 8.87 0.15 4.32 6.48 0.72 1.97 2.95 0.20 3.73 5.60 0.27 3.21 4.82 0.82 1.84 2.76 0.38 2.71 4.07 0.45 2.49 3.74 0.97 1.69 2.54
5 0.26 3.29 4.94 0.33 2.89 4.34 0.94 1.72 2.58 0.43 2.53 3.80 0.51 2.33 3.49 1.12 1.58 2.37 0.71 1.97 2.96 0.80 1.87 2.80 1.38 1.42 2.13
10 0.35 2.81 4.21 0.43 2.53 3.80 1.06 1.62 2.43 0.57 2.21 3.32 0.65 2.06 3.09 1.29 1.47 2.21 0.92 1.74 2.61 1.01 1.66 2.49 1.65 1.30 1.95
1 0.56 2.24 3.35 0.64 2.08 3.12 1.31 1.46 2.19 0.86 1.80 2.70 0.96 1.70 2.55 1.67 1.29 1.94 1.38 1.42 2.13 1.51 1.36 2.04 2.32 1.09 1.64
0.15 1 0.07 6.10 7.47 0.14 4.46 5.46 0.68 2.02 2.47 0.19 3.85 4.72 0.25 3.31 4.06 0.78 1.89 2.31 0.35 2.81 3.44 0.42 2.58 3.17 0.91 1.75 2.14
5 0.24 3.41 4.17 0.31 2.99 3.66 0.88 1.77 2.17 0.41 2.61 3.20 0.48 2.40 2.94 1.05 1.62 1.99 0.67 2.04 2.50 0.74 1.93 2.37 1.30 1.46 1.79
10 0.33 2.91 3.56 0.40 2.63 3.22 0.99 1.68 2.05 0.53 2.29 2.80 0.61 2.13 2.61 1.21 1.52 1.86 0.86 1.80 2.21 0.94 1.72 2.10 1.55 1.34 1.64
79
80
column
1 0.51 2.33 2.85 0.59 2.17 2.65 1.20 1.52 1.87 0.80 1.87 2.28 0.89 1.77 2.16 1.54 1.34 1.64 1.29 1.47 1.80 1.40 1.41 1.72 2.16 1.13 1.39
0.20 1 0.07 6.29 6.67 0.13 4.59 4.87 0.65 2.07 2.20 0.18 3.97 4.21 0.24 3.42 3.62 0.74 1.94 2.05 0.33 2.91 3.08 0.39 2.67 2.84 0.86 1.80 1.91
5 0.22 3.52 3.73 0.29 3.09 3.27 0.83 1.83 1.94 0.38 2.69 2.86 0.45 2.48 2.63 1.00 1.67 1.77 0.62 2.11 2.24 0.70 2.00 2.12 1.23 1.50 1.59
10 0.31 3.01 3.19 0.38 2.72 2.88 0.93 1.73 1.84 0.50 2.36 2.50 0.57 2.20 2.33 1.14 1.56 1.65 0.80 1.86 1.97 0.88 1.77 1.88 1.46 1.38 1.46
1 0.47 2.42 2.57 0.55 2.26 2.39 1.10 1.59 1.69 0.74 1.93 2.05 0.83 1.83 1.94 1.43 1.39 1.48 1.21 1.52 1.61 1.31 1.45 1.54 2.01 1.18 1.25
0.25 1 0.07 6.47 6.13 0.12 4.72 4.48 0.62 2.12 2.01 0.17 4.08 3.87 0.22 3.51 3.33 0.71 1.98 1.88 0.31 3.00 2.85 0.36 2.76 2.62 0.81 1.85 1.75
5 0.21 3.62 3.44 0.27 3.18 3.02 0.79 1.88 1.78 0.36 2.77 2.63 0.43 2.55 2.42 0.95 1.71 1.62 0.59 2.17 2.06 0.66 2.06 1.95 1.17 1.54 1.46
10 0.29 3.10 2.94 0.35 2.81 2.66 0.87 1.79 1.69 0.47 2.43 2.30 0.54 2.27 2.15 1.08 1.60 1.52 0.76 1.92 1.82 0.83 1.83 1.73 1.39 1.42 1.34
1 0.44 2.51 2.38 0.51 2.34 2.22 1.02 1.65 1.57 0.70 2.00 1.89 0.77 1.89 1.80 1.33 1.44 1.37 1.14 1.56 1.48 1.23 1.50 1.42 1.88 1.22 1.15
0.7 0.05 1 0.13 3.99 13.17 0.19 3.28 10.81 0.61 1.82 6.02 0.40 2.27 7.50 0.46 2.11 6.96 0.84 1.56 5.15 0.92 1.49 4.90 0.99 1.44 4.74 1.28 1.26 4.17
5 0.44 2.16 7.12 0.51 1.99 6.58 0.99 1.44 4.75 0.79 1.61 5.31 0.87 1.53 5.05 1.31 1.25 4.11 1.47 1.18 3.89 1.59 1.13 3.74 1.99 1.01 3.35

10 0.62 1.81 5.98 0.71 1.70 5.60 1.22 1.29 4.26 1.01 1.42 4.68 1.12 1.35 4.46 1.63 1.12 3.69 1.68 1.10 3.64 1.85 1.05 3.47 2.50 0.90 2.98
1 1.02 1.41 4.67 1.14 1.34 4.41 1.85 1.05 3.47 1.43 1.20 3.95 1.59 1.13 3.74 2.49 0.90 2.99 1.84 1.05 3.48 2.03 1.00 3.31 4.05 0.71 2.34
0.10 1 0.12 4.19 9.79 0.17 3.44 8.03 0.56 1.90 4.44 0.36 2.39 5.57 0.41 2.22 5.18 0.77 1.63 3.79 0.83 1.57 3.67 0.88 1.52 3.55 1.16 1.32 3.09
5 0.40 2.27 5.30 0.46 2.10 4.89 0.90 1.50 3.51 0.71 1.69 3.94 0.79 1.61 3.75 1.21 1.30 3.04 1.33 1.24 2.89 1.43 1.19 2.78 1.81 1.06 2.47
10 0.56 1.91 4.45 0.64 1.79 4.17 1.11 1.35 3.16 0.92 1.49 3.47 1.01 1.42 3.31 1.49 1.17 2.73 1.57 1.14 2.66 1.71 1.09 2.55 2.28 0.95 2.21
1 0.92 1.49 3.47 1.03 1.41 3.29 1.64 1.12 2.60 1.33 1.24 2.89 1.47 1.18 2.75 2.24 0.96 2.23 1.79 1.07 2.49 1.97 1.02 2.37 3.66 0.75 1.74
0.15 1 0.11 4.39 8.36 0.16 3.60 6.86 0.52 1.98 3.77 0.33 2.50 4.76 0.38 2.32 4.43 0.71 1.69 3.22 0.74 1.66 3.15 0.80 1.60 3.05 1.07 1.38 2.63
5 0.36 2.38 4.53 0.42 2.20 4.19 0.83 1.57 2.99 0.65 1.77 3.37 0.72 1.68 3.20 1.11 1.35 2.58 1.22 1.29 2.47 1.30 1.25 2.38 1.67 1.11 2.11
10 0.51 2.00 3.81 0.58 1.88 3.57 1.02 1.41 2.69 0.85 1.55 2.96 0.93 1.48 2.83 1.37 1.22 2.32 1.46 1.18 2.25 1.58 1.14 2.16 2.10 0.99 1.88
1 0.84 1.56 2.97 0.93 1.48 2.82 1.47 1.18 2.24 1.24 1.28 2.45 1.36 1.23 2.33 2.03 1.00 1.91 1.73 1.08 2.07 1.91 1.03 1.97 3.33 0.78 1.49
0.20 1 0.10 4.57 7.55 0.14 3.75 6.19 0.49 2.05 3.38 0.30 2.61 4.30 0.35 2.42 4.00 0.66 1.75 2.89 0.68 1.73 2.86 0.73 1.68 2.77 0.99 1.44 2.37
5 0.33 2.48 4.09 0.39 2.29 3.78 0.77 1.63 2.69 0.60 1.84 3.04 0.66 1.75 2.89 1.04 1.40 2.32 1.12 1.35 2.23 1.20 1.31 2.16 1.54 1.15 1.90
10 0.47 2.09 3.44 0.53 1.96 3.23 0.94 1.47 2.43 0.78 1.62 2.67 0.85 1.55 2.55 1.27 1.27 2.09 1.36 1.23 2.02 1.47 1.18 1.95 1.94 1.03 1.69
1 0.77 1.63 2.69 0.85 1.55 2.56 1.34 1.24 2.04 1.15 1.33 2.20 1.26 1.27 2.10 1.85 1.05 1.73 1.68 1.10 1.82 1.84 1.05 1.74 3.05 0.82 1.35
0.25 1 0.09 4.75 7.01 0.13 3.90 5.76 0.45 2.12 3.13 0.28 2.71 4.00 0.32 2.52 3.71 0.62 1.81 2.67 0.62 1.81 2.67 0.67 1.75 2.58 0.91 1.49 2.20
5 0.31 2.58 3.80 0.36 2.38 3.52 0.72 1.69 2.49 0.56 1.91 2.82 0.61 1.82 2.69 0.97 1.45 2.14 1.03 1.40 2.07 1.10 1.36 2.01 1.43 1.19 1.76
10 0.43 2.17 3.20 0.49 2.04 3.01 0.87 1.53 2.26 0.72 1.68 2.48 0.79 1.61 2.37 1.19 1.31 1.94 1.27 1.27 1.87 1.36 1.22 1.81 1.80 1.06 1.57
1 0.71 1.70 2.51 0.78 1.62 2.39 1.22 1.29 1.91 1.08 1.38 2.03 1.17 1.32 1.95 1.70 1.09 1.62 1.62 1.12 1.66 1.77 1.07 1.58 2.81 0.85 1.26
0.8 0.05 1 0.24 2.55 14.41 0.29 2.31 13.05 0.59 1.63 9.20 0.92 1.30 7.38 0.98 1.26 7.15 1.16 1.16 6.57 1.58 1.00 5.63 1.71 0.96 5.41 2.50 0.79 4.47
5 0.84 1.36 7.71 0.93 1.29 7.32 1.31 1.09 6.17 1.39 1.06 6.00 1.55 1.00 5.68 2.03 0.88 4.96 1.59 0.99 5.60 1.73 0.95 5.37 3.25 0.69 3.92
10 1.12 1.18 6.69 1.25 1.12 6.32 1.85 0.92 5.21 1.45 1.04 5.88 1.61 0.99 5.58 2.69 0.76 4.31 1.60 0.99 5.60 1.74 0.95 5.36 3.44 0.67 3.81
1 1.35 1.08 6.10 1.50 1.02 5.77 3.24 0.69 3.93 1.48 1.03 5.81 1.64 0.98 5.53 3.52 0.67 3.77 1.60 0.99 5.59 1.75 0.95 5.35 3.58 0.66 3.74
0.10 1 0.21 2.75 11.00 0.25 2.49 9.97 0.52 1.74 6.95 0.79 1.41 5.63 0.84 1.37 5.46 1.02 1.24 4.95 1.58 1.00 3.98 1.71 0.96 3.83 2.28 0.83 3.31
5 0.73 1.46 5.85 0.81 1.39 5.57 1.15 1.17 4.67 1.29 1.10 4.41 1.42 1.05 4.20 1.79 0.93 3.73 1.58 0.99 3.97 1.73 0.95 3.81 3.19 0.70 2.80
10 1.00 1.25 4.99 1.11 1.18 4.74 1.61 0.99 3.95 1.39 1.06 4.24 1.55 1.01 4.02 2.37 0.81 3.25 1.59 0.99 3.97 1.73 0.95 3.80 3.44 0.67 2.70
1 1.29 1.10 4.40 1.44 1.04 4.16 2.86 0.74 2.95 1.45 1.04 4.15 1.60 0.99 3.95 3.43 0.68 2.70 1.59 0.99 3.97 1.73 0.95 3.80 3.55 0.66 2.65
0.15 1 0.18 2.94 9.60 0.22 2.66 8.70 0.46 1.84 6.02 0.69 1.50 4.91 0.73 1.46 4.77 0.91 1.31 4.28 1.57 1.00 3.26 1.70 0.96 3.13 2.06 0.87 2.84
5 0.64 1.56 5.08 0.71 1.49 4.85 1.02 1.24 4.04 1.18 1.15 3.76 1.28 1.11 3.61 1.60 0.99 3.23 1.57 1.00 3.25 1.72 0.95 3.12 3.06 0.71 2.33
10 0.90 1.31 4.29 0.99 1.25 4.09 1.42 1.05 3.43 1.32 1.09 3.55 1.47 1.03 3.37 2.11 0.86 2.81 1.57 1.00 3.25 1.72 0.95 3.11 3.44 0.67 2.20
1 1.24 1.12 3.67 1.38 1.06 3.48 2.53 0.79 2.57 1.42 1.05 3.43 1.57 1.00 3.26 3.26 0.69 2.26 1.58 1.00 3.25 1.72 0.95 3.11 3.52 0.67 2.18
column
0.20 1 0.16 3.12 8.82 0.20 2.83 7.99 0.41 1.94 5.49 0.61 1.60 4.51 0.65 1.55 4.38 0.82 1.38 3.90 1.56 1.00 2.83 1.70 0.96 2.71 1.87 0.91 2.59
5 0.58 1.65 4.66 0.63 1.57 4.45 0.91 1.31 3.70 1.07 1.21 3.41 1.16 1.16 3.29 1.44 1.04 2.94 1.56 1.00 2.83 1.71 0.96 2.71 2.85 0.74 2.10
10 0.82 1.38 3.91 0.89 1.32 3.74 1.27 1.11 3.14 1.25 1.12 3.16 1.37 1.07 3.02 1.89 0.91 2.57 1.56 1.00 2.83 1.71 0.96 2.71 3.43 0.67 1.91
1 1.18 1.15 3.25 1.31 1.09 3.09 2.25 0.83 2.36 1.39 1.06 3.00 1.53 1.01 2.86 3.03 0.72 2.03 1.56 1.00 2.83 1.71 0.96 2.71 3.48 0.67 1.90
0.25 1 0.14 3.29 8.32 0.18 2.98 7.53 0.38 2.04 5.15 0.55 1.68 4.26 0.59 1.63 4.13 0.75 1.45 3.66 1.53 1.01 2.56 1.66 0.97 2.45 1.70 0.96 2.42
5 0.52 1.73 4.38 0.57 1.66 4.20 0.83 1.37 3.47 0.98 1.26 3.19 1.05 1.22 3.09 1.31 1.09 2.76 1.55 1.01 2.54 1.69 0.96 2.43 2.61 0.77 1.96
10 0.75 1.45 3.66 0.81 1.39 3.51 1.15 1.17 2.95 1.18 1.15 2.92 1.28 1.10 2.79 1.72 0.95 2.41 1.55 1.01 2.54 1.69 0.96 2.43 3.34 0.68 1.73
1 1.12 1.18 2.99 1.24 1.12 2.84 2.02 0.88 2.22 1.35 1.07 2.72 1.49 1.02 2.59 2.79 0.75 1.89 1.55 1.00 2.54 1.69 0.96 2.43 3.44 0.67 1.71
0.9 0.05 1 0.71 1.32 16.74 0.77 1.27 16.13 0.94 1.15 14.60 1.25 0.99 12.66 1.36 0.95 12.13 2.38 0.72 9.17 1.25 0.99 12.63 1.36 0.95 12.12 2.55 0.70 8.86
5 1.18 1.02 13.02 1.31 0.97 12.36 2.67 0.68 8.66 1.26 0.99 12.59 1.38 0.95 12.04 2.67 0.68 8.66 1.30 0.97 12.39 1.41 0.93 11.89 2.67 0.68 8.66
10 1.19 1.02 12.96 1.32 0.97 12.33 2.69 0.68 8.62 1.26 0.99 12.58 1.39 0.94 12.02 2.72 0.67 8.57 1.33 0.96 12.26 1.45 0.92 11.76 2.74 0.67 8.54

1 1.20 1.02 12.93 1.32 0.97 12.31 2.69 0.68 8.62 1.27 0.99 12.56 1.39 0.94 11.99 2.77 0.67 8.49 1.40 0.94 11.94 1.53 0.90 11.45 2.92 0.65 8.28
0.10 1 0.55 1.50 13.49 0.59 1.45 13.04 0.74 1.29 11.61 1.25 1.00 8.96 1.36 0.95 8.58 2.26 0.74 6.66 1.25 0.99 8.93 1.36 0.95 8.57 2.55 0.70 6.26
5 1.15 1.04 9.32 1.28 0.98 8.85 2.52 0.70 6.30 1.26 0.99 8.93 1.37 0.95 8.53 2.67 0.68 6.12 1.30 0.97 8.76 1.41 0.93 8.41 2.67 0.68 6.12
10 1.17 1.03 9.24 1.30 0.98 8.78 2.66 0.68 6.14 1.26 0.99 8.92 1.38 0.95 8.52 2.71 0.67 6.07 1.33 0.96 8.67 1.45 0.92 8.32 2.74 0.67 6.04
1 1.18 1.02 9.19 1.31 0.97 8.75 2.66 0.68 6.13 1.26 0.99 8.91 1.38 0.95 8.51 2.75 0.67 6.03 1.40 0.94 8.45 1.52 0.90 8.11 2.91 0.65 5.87
0.15 1 0.45 1.66 12.22 0.48 1.61 11.83 0.61 1.42 10.44 1.24 1.00 7.32 1.36 0.95 7.01 2.04 0.78 5.71 1.25 0.99 7.29 1.36 0.95 7.00 2.55 0.70 5.12
5 1.11 1.05 7.74 1.23 1.00 7.35 2.08 0.77 5.66 1.25 0.99 7.31 1.37 0.95 6.98 2.67 0.68 5.00 1.30 0.97 7.16 1.41 0.93 6.87 2.67 0.68 5.00
10 1.15 1.04 7.61 1.27 0.98 7.24 2.59 0.69 5.07 1.25 0.99 7.30 1.37 0.95 6.97 2.70 0.68 4.97 1.33 0.96 7.08 1.44 0.92 6.79 2.74 0.67 4.94
1 1.17 1.03 7.54 1.29 0.98 7.18 2.62 0.69 5.05 1.25 0.99 7.30 1.37 0.95 6.97 2.72 0.67 4.95 1.40 0.94 6.91 1.52 0.90 6.63 2.89 0.65 4.80
0.20 1 0.38 1.81 11.54 0.40 1.76 11.18 0.52 1.54 9.80 1.24 1.00 6.35 1.36 0.95 6.07 1.80 0.83 5.27 1.25 0.99 6.31 1.36 0.95 6.06 2.55 0.70 4.43
5 1.06 1.08 6.86 1.17 1.03 6.52 1.77 0.84 5.32 1.24 1.00 6.35 1.36 0.95 6.06 2.67 0.68 4.33 1.30 0.97 6.20 1.41 0.93 5.95 2.67 0.68 4.33
10 1.13 1.05 6.66 1.25 1.00 6.33 2.46 0.71 4.51 1.24 1.00 6.35 1.36 0.95 6.06 2.69 0.68 4.31 1.33 0.96 6.14 1.44 0.93 5.89 2.74 0.67 4.28
1 1.16 1.03 6.57 1.28 0.98 6.25 2.58 0.69 4.40 1.24 1.00 6.35 1.36 0.95 6.06 2.70 0.68 4.31 1.39 0.94 5.99 1.51 0.90 5.75 2.88 0.65 4.16
0.25 1 0.32 1.95 11.11 0.34 1.89 10.77 0.45 1.65 9.40 1.23 1.00 5.70 1.35 0.96 5.44 1.59 0.88 5.01 1.25 0.99 5.65 1.36 0.95 5.42 2.55 0.70 3.96
5 1.00 1.11 6.31 1.10 1.06 6.03 1.53 0.90 5.11 1.23 1.00 5.70 1.35 0.96 5.44 2.66 0.68 3.88 1.30 0.97 5.55 1.41 0.94 5.32 2.67 0.68 3.87
10 1.10 1.06 6.03 1.22 1.01 5.74 2.25 0.74 4.21 1.23 1.00 5.70 1.35 0.96 5.44 2.67 0.68 3.87 1.33 0.96 5.49 1.44 0.93 5.27 2.73 0.67 3.83
1 1.15 1.04 5.91 1.26 0.99 5.63 2.53 0.70 3.97 1.23 1.00 5.70 1.35 0.96 5.44 2.67 0.68 3.87 1.39 0.94 5.37 1.51 0.90 5.15 2.87 0.66 3.73
81
The following definitions are adopted: [9] EN 1993 Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures, Part 1-1: General rules and
rules for buildings. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization (CEN);
2 2005.
Critical load of the system N cr ¼ C pL2EII [10] Rondal J, Maquoi R. Single equation for SSRC column strength curves. J Struct
2
Critical load of the lower segment N cr;I ¼ ðKp LEIÞI 2 ¼ N cr Div ASCE 1979;105(ST1):247–50.
1 1
[11] Fisher JM. Steel design guide series 7: industrial buildings – roofs to anchor
2
Critical load of the upper segment N cr;II ¼ ðKp LEIIIÞ2 ¼ cN cr rods. Chicago, IL: American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC); 2005.
2 2
[12] AISE Technical Report No. 13 – Guide for the design and construction of mill
End-fixity factor (global) C
buildings. Pittsburgh, PA: Association of Iron and Steel Engineers (AISE); 2003.
Effective length factor of the lower segment K 1 ¼ ap1 ffiffiC [13] ANSI/AISC Standard No. 360-10 – Specification for structural steel buildings.
Effective length factor of the upper segment K 2 ¼ q
1 ffiffiffiffiffiffiffi Chicago, IL: American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC); 2010.
II
ð1aÞ III
cC [14] Mathematica 8. Champaign: Wolfram Corp.; 2010.
[15] Timoshenko SP, Gere JM. Theory of elastic stability. Singapore: McGraw-Hill;
1961.
[16] Chen WF, Lui EM. Structural stability: theory and implementation. New
York: Prentice Hall; 1987.
References [17] Ayrton WE, Perry J. On struts. The Engineer 1886;62:464.
[18] Boissonade N, Greiner R, Jaspart JP, Lindner J. Rules for member stability in EN
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columns. Eng J AISC 1990;27(2):49–53. Technical Committee 8 – Stability; 2006.
[2] Galambos TV, editor. Guide to stability design criteria for metal [19] Boissonade N, Jaspart JP, Muzeau JP, Villette M. Improvement of the
structures. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1998. interaction formulae for beam columns in Eurocode 3. Comput Struct
[3] Anderson JP, Woodward JH. Calculation of effective lengths and effective 2002;80:2375–85.
slenderness ratios of stepped columns. Eng J AISC 1972;9(4):157–66. [20] Boissonade N, Jaspart JP, Muzeau JP, Villette M. New interaction formulae for
[4] Agrawal KM, Stafiej AP. Calculation of effective lengths of stepped columns. beam-columns in Eurocode 3: the French–Belgian approach. J Constr Steel Res
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1990;16:23–38. and axial compression in EUROCODE 3: the method 2 approach. J Constr Steel Res
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Eng J AISC 1979;16(1):11–7. [22] Girão Coelho AM, Simão PD, Bijlaard FSK. Stability design criteria for steel
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structures. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization (CEN); 2007. j.ijnonlinmec.2012.04.003.

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Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82

Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect

Stability design of crane columns in mill buildings

The design of columns in mill buildings includes considerations

Fig. 1. Segmented mill building column.

1. The analysis is purely elastic (the stress–strain relationship is

1. Resistance of cross section (including general yielding, rupture, 3. Equilibrium formulation

at xII ¼ LII EIII w00II ¼ K hb w0II cN Ed e0

b4 ¼ e1 ð1 cÞNEd þ e2 cNEd Eq. (12) is the Ayrton-Perry formula [17].

Case Ncr (kN)

20 m Ncr, sway,ref = 41403 kN 20 m Ncr,non-sway,ref = 92030 kN

Agrawal and Staﬁej model [4] as a benchmark for validation. Seven

Critical load N cr /N cr,ref

Splice rotational stiffness Splice rotational stiffness

Top end rotational stiffness Top end rotational stiffness

1.2 Perf. Col. e1=0.4255m e1=0.616m

0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3

0.2 Perfect column ξ = 0.05 0.2 ξ = 0.05

0.8 S1jSP1 S2jSP2 S3jSP3 S4jSP4

Perfect column ξ = 0.05

1.0 5. Design implications

Mactual, Eq. (2)

Mactual, Eq. (2) Mactual, Eq. (2)

4. The next family of examples correspond to sway-prevented col- 6. Concluding remarks

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P.D. Simão et al. / Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82

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P.D. Simão et al. / Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82

P.D. Simão et al. / Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82

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P.D. Simão et al. / Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82

P.D. Simão et al. / Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82

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P.D. Simão et al. / Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82

P.D. Simão et al. / Engineering Structures 42 (2012) 51–82

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