REGION 1 – ILOCOS REGION

A. Introduction
- Region 1, also known as the Ilocos Region, is an administrative region in the Philippines occupying the
northwestern section of Luzon. It covers four provinces: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, and Pangasinan. The
regional center is the City of San Fernando in La Union. It consist of 8 cities, namely: City of Dagupan, San Carlos,
Alaminos and Urdaneta in Pangasinan; Laoag in Ilocos Norte, Vigan and Candon in Ilocos Sur; San Fernando in
La Union.
- The region has a population of 5,301,139 as of 2020, making it the seventh most populous region in the country. It
has a land area of 12,964.62 square kilometers, giving it a population density of 409 inhabitants per square
kilometer. The region is bordered by the Cagayan Valley, Cordillera Administrative Region, Central Luzon, and the
South China Sea.
- The region is known for offering its rich cultural heritage, historical landmarks, natural attractions, and diverse
industries not just to its people but also to the tourist.

B. Provinces
a. Ilocos Norte
- Ilocos Norte is a province in the northern Philippines that is rich in history, culture and natural
attractions. The region has a population of 609,588 as of 2020, It has a land area of 3,418.75
square kilometers.
- It compose of 2 cities which are Batac and Laoag and 21 municipalities namely: Adams, Bacarra,
Badoc, Bangui, Banna, Burgos, Carasi, Currimao, Dingras, Dumalneg, Marcos, Nueva Era,
Pagudpud, Paoay, Pasuquin, Piddig, Pinili, San Nicolas ,Sarrat, Solsona, Vintar.
- It is located in the Ilocos Region, bordering Cagayan, Apayao, Abra and Ilocos Sur. Its capital is
Laoag City, which is home to the famous sinking bell tower and the Malacañang of the North,
where the former residence of Late Dictator President Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
- Ilocos Norte is a destination that appeals to travelers who want to experience the diverse and
distinctive aspects of Filipino culture and nature is also known for its well-preserved Spanish
colonial architecture.
b. Ilocos Sur
- Ilocos Sur is a province in the Philippines that is rich in history and culture. It is located in the Ilocos
Region in Luzon, and its capital is Vigan. The region has a population of 706,009 as of 2020, while
It has a land area of 2,596.00 square kilometers.
- It compose of 2 cities which are Candon and Vigan and 32 municipalities namely: Alilem,
Banayoyo, Bantay, Burgos, Cabugao, Caoayan, Cervantes, Galimuyod, Gregorio del Pilar,
Lidlidda, Magsingal, Nagbukel, Narvacan,, Quirino, Salcedo, San Emilio, San Esteban, San
Ildefonso, San Juan, San Vicente, Santa, Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, Santa Lucia, Santa Maria,
Santiago, Santo Domingo, Sigay, Sinait, Sugpon, Suyo, Tagudin.
- Ilocos Sur was founded by the Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo in 1572, and it was part of
the original Ilocos province until it split from Ilocos Norte in 1818. The King of Spain issued a Royal
Decree separating the Provincia de Ilocos due to a series of rebellion of the Ilocanos against
tobacco, basi, and vinegar monopolies. This was aimed to destroy unity among Ilocanos.
- The province has many attractions that showcase its heritage, such as churches, museums,
monuments, and architectural relics.
c. La Union
- La Union is a province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region in the island of Luzon. Its
capital is the city of San Fernando, which also serves as the regional center of the Ilocos Region.
The region has a population of 827,310 as of 2020, while It has a land area of 1,493.09 square
kilometers.
- It compose of 1 city which is San Fernando and 19 municipalities namely: Agoo, Aringay,
Bacnotan, Bagulin, Balaoan, Bangar, Bauang, Burgos, Caba, Luna, Naguilian, Pugo, Rosario, San
Gabriel, San Juan, Santo Tomas, Santol, Sudipen, Tubao
- La Union, which translates to "The Union", was formed in 1850 by merging towns from the
neighboring Provinces of Ilocos Sur, Pangasinan, and Benguet.
- La Union is a popular destination for travelers who want to experience the culture, nature, and
adventure of the northern Philippines as it is known for its surfing beaches, especially in San Juan,
where waves are consistent year-round.
d. Pangasinan
- Pangasinan is a coastal province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its name
means "place where salt is made" in the local language, reflecting its main source of income. Its
capital is the city of Lingayen Pangasinan has a land area of 5,451.01 square kilometers and a
population of 3,163,190 as of 2020.
- It compose of 1 indipendent city which is Dagupan and 3 components city which is Alaminos, San
Carlos and Urdaneta and 44 municipalities namely: Agno, Aguilar, Alcala, Anda, Asingan,
Balungao, Bani, Basista, Bautista, Bayambang, Binalonan, Binmaley, Bolinao, Bugallon, Burgos,
Calasiao, Dasol, Infanta, Labrador, Laoac, Lingayen, Mabini, Malasiqui, Manaoag, Mangaldan,
Mangatarem, Mapandan, Natividad, Pozorrubio, Rosales, San Fabian, San Jacinto, San Manuel,
 San Nicolas, San Quintin, Santa Barbara, Santa Maria, Santo Tomas, Sison, Sual, Tayug,
Umingan, Urbiztondo, Villasis.
- Pangasinan’s colorful history dates back to 1571 when it was officially conquered and colonized
by Martin de Goiti, a Spanish conquistador. It was on April 5, 1572, when it was made an
encomienda, an institution where groups of indigenous people were legally entrusted to a Spanish
conqueror with the duty of paying him labor or tribute.
- Pangasinan is known for its white sand beaches, salt fields, caves, waterfalls, churches, and
festivals.

C. Port of Access
- The Ilocos Region, it is located on Luzon's northwest coast, it is also bordered by Cagayan,
Kalinga, Apayao, Abra, Mt. Province, Benguet, and Nueva Vizcaya to the east, Nueva Ecija,
Tarlac, and Zambales to the south, and the China Sea to the northwest. It is comprising four
provinces which are ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, and Pangasinan) and eight cities, including
Dagupan, San Carlos, Alaminos, Urdaneta, Laoag, Vigan, Candon, and San Fernando, the region
serves as a gateway to East Asia, with the City of San Fernando at its center.

D. Attractions and Activities

a. Calle Crisologo
Ilocos Sur tours would not be complete without strolling along the cobblestoned streets of Calle
Crisologo in Vigan. Commonly known as one of the most beautiful streets in the Philippines, this 500-meter-
long avenue is lined with centuries-old Spanish-style homes.
The street was previously known as Calle de Escolta de Vigan. It was later changed in 1927 to
honor the late Governor Marcelino "Mena" Crisologo, a renowned local poet and writer who died in the same
year. Today, it is part of the city's Heritage Village, which has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage
Site. Aside from Calle Crisologo, the village consists of around 200 restored homes dating back to the 16th
century.
b. Bangui Windmills
Situated along Bangui Bay in Ilocos Norte are 26 giant wind turbines that face the West Philippine
Sea. These towering white structures were built in three phases. The first phase was completed in May 2005
with 15 initial windmills. Each turbine is 70 meters tall and has three blades that measure up to 41 meters in
length.
The Bangui Windmills are the first wind farm in the Philippines and generates enough energy to
power more than 40% of Ilocos Norte's electricity. The turbines' energy reaches the province's residents and
businesses through the Luzon Grid. Thanks to its strategic location away from forests that can block the
wind, the farm has become one of the country's top sustainable sources of energy.
c. Paoay Church
When visiting Laoag in Ilocos Norte, make sure not to miss the iconic Paoay Church. Construction
of this Roman Catholic church finished back in 1710 after around two decades of work. It is officially named
the Saint Augustine Church.
Years after its completion, UNESCO recognized it as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the
"Baroque Churches of the Philippines" group. The national government also honored the church for its
historical significance and named it one of the country's National Cultural Treasures in 1973.
d. Kapurpurawan Rock Formation
The Kapurpurawan Rock Formations are regarded as one of the most popular rock formations in
the Philippines. Situated in Bangui Bay, Ilocos Norte, this geographical attraction gets its name from the
Ilocano word "puraw," which means "white" in English. These beautiful white sandstone structures were
shaped by years of exposure to the wind and the sea and is a must-visit attraction in Pagudpud tours.
To get a closer look at these towering rock formations, you will first need to take a short hike
through beautiful landscapes dotted with lush trees and natural pools. Guests can either walk all the way or
rent a horse that you can ride to the structures.
At the end of the trail, you will be greeted by the towering sandstone formations. From there, you
can also get a panoramic view of Bangui Bay and the giant windmills that top the nearby hills. Feel free to
walk around the area to capture a picture-perfect snap of the anvil-shaped rock, which is often considered
the site's main draw.
Certain parts of the formations can be climbed to give you an even more in-depth look at the
smooth surface shaped by the waves and gusts of wind coming in from the bay.
e. Saud Beach
Saud Beach in Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte, is a pristine shore that has gained popularity over the
years as one of the best beaches near Manila City. Travel magazines across the globe have also recognized
its powdery white sand and calm, clear waters. Stretching for about 2 kilometers, this tropical paradise offers
a relaxing escape for all of its visitors.
Travelers can swim, snorkel, or dive in its cool waters or simply lounge and sunbathe on its smooth
shoreline. Feel free to take photos as you wade through the shallow parts of the coast or strike a pose with
 the scenic view of Pagudpud as your background. In between your seaside activities, guests can also feast
in cabanas under the palm trees that line the beach.
f. Sand Dunes
The La Paz Sand Dunes are situated near the coast of the West Philippine Sea and spans an area
that measures 85 square kilometers. It is also known as Bantay Bimmaboy among the locals and contains
sand dunes that can be as high as 30 meters. Due to its sheer size, this sandy area reaches the nearby
municipalities of Currimao and Pasuquin that sit to the north and south of Laoag, respectively.
Meanwhile, the Paoay Sand Dunes face Suba Beach and covers an area of 88 square kilometers.
Similar to the ones in La Paz, travelers can explore the area while riding a 4X4 vehicle operated by a staff
member. These thrilling rides take you up and down the dunes at fast paces and can give guests a rush of
adrenaline. Tourists can also stop in the middle of the desert to try sandboarding, where you will ride a
wooden or plastic board down sandy slopes.
g. Bantay Bell Tower
Another important cultural site in Ilocos Sur and a top attraction in Vigan tours is the Bantay Bell
Tower. It dates back to 1591, making it one of the oldest bell towers in the region. Sitting atop a hill that
overlooked the Bantay district in northeast Vigan, locals initially used it as a watchtower when fighting broke
out in the Spanish era and World War II.
After the wars, it was restored and repurposed as a belfry for the nearby Saint Augustine Parish
Church, more commonly known as Bantay Church. Built a year prior to the tower's construction, these two
structures are a testament to the rich heritage that has taken place in Ilocos.
Travelers can simply admire the red brick tower from the foot of the hill. Otherwise, you can climb
a set of stairs to the tower's entrance and even go up the winding steps inside it. After reaching the top of
the belfry, you will find the large metal bell. Aside from the historic bell, visitors are also rewarded with a
breathtaking view of the surrounding area.
h. Cape Bojeador Lighthouse
Cape Bojeador Lighthouse is known for being one of the highest elevated lighthouses in the
Philippines that dates back to the Spanish colonial era. The 66-foot-tall octagonal stone tower stands on the
country's northwesternmost point, the Vigia de Nagpartian Hill, and overlooks Cape Bojeador in the West
Philippine Sea. First lit in 1892, the structure has guided numerous seafarers to safe shores over the years.
The tower, more commonly known as the Burgos Lighthouse, was designed by Magin Pers y Pers
back in 1887. However, it was eventually finished by the Lighthouse Service under Guillermo Brockman.
Along with this structure, the two Spanish engineers also built other lighthouses across the
Philippines as part of the Spanish government's plan to illuminate the islands. Today, this building is
recognized both as a National Cultural Treasure and a National Historical Landmark.
i. Pagburnayan Jar Factory
Recognized for its historical and cultural charms, Vigan City has drawn flocks of travelers to Ilocos
Sur over the years. Contributing to its overall appeal is the Pagburnayan Jar Factory.
It is one of the few remaining factories that continue the traditional way of making burnay, or
unglazed earthen jars, dating back to colonial times. The art of making jars originally came from Chinese
traders who eventually settled in Vigan.
To spread the appreciation of making these clay jars, the factory lets travelers try their hand in
molding their own creations during Vigan tours. The whole process involves shaping the clay on a spinning
stone wheel using your own hands and traditional tools.
j. Hundred Islands
Two things make the Hundred Islands National Park in Alaminos, Pangasinan such a popular place
to visit. One is its accessibility from Manila and from most major cities in western and northern Luzon. The
other is its prominent appearance in travel books, postcards and even social science textbooks in the
Philippines. When we did get to finally visit the Hundred Islands in the mid-1990's, it was somewhat of a
disappointment. The place was overcrowded with visitors, some of the islands were unkempt and the corals
were dead and practically denuded of fish. But because of its accessibility we kept returning to the place for
team getaways and recreation. In the last few years however, we felt the Hundred Islands was experiencing
something of a renaissance.

E. Food and Delicacies

a. Ilocos Norte
- Ilocos Norte is a province that boasts of rich cultural heritage, natural wonders, and mouthwatering
cuisine. One of the highlights of visiting Ilocos Norte is sampling its food and delicacies, which
reflect the history, geography, and diversity of the region. Ilocos Norte food is known for its use of
local ingredients, such as garlic, vinegar, shrimp paste, dragon fruit, and corn.
- Some of the most popular Ilocos Norte delicacies include:
- Batac Empanada: A striking orange pastry filled with chopped longganisa (garlic sausage),
green papaya, mung beans, and egg. It is deep-fried until crispy and served with spicy
vinegar.
- Bagnet: Deep-fried pork cracklings that are tender on the inside and crunchy on the outside.
It can be eaten as a snack or paired with rice and vegetables.
- Pinakbet: A vegetable stew cooked in shrimp paste and seasoned with garlic, onion, and
ginger. It usually contains eggplant, bitter gourd, okra, squash, and string beans.
 - Poqui-Poqui: A simple but flavorful dish made with grilled eggplant, eggs, tomatoes, and
onions. It is often served as a side dish or a vegetarian main course.
- Tupig: A Filipino rice cake wrapped in banana leaves. It is made with glutinous rice flour,
coconut milk, sugar, and grated coconut. Some versions also add sesame seeds or young
coconut strips.
-
b. Ilocos Sur
- Ilocos Sur is a province that boasts of rich cultural heritage and diverse culinary delights. One of
the best ways to experience Ilocos Sur is to taste its food and delicacies, which reflect the history
and traditions of the Ilocanos.
- Here are some of the dishes and treats that you should not miss when visiting Ilocos Sur:
- Vigan Longganisa: This is a type of sausage that is native to Ilocos Sur, especially the city of
Vigan. It is made of ground pork, garlic, salt, pepper, and vinegar, and has a distinct garlicky
flavor. It is usually served for breakfast with fried rice and egg.
- Chichacorn: This is a snack made of corn kernels that are fried until crunchy and coated with
salt, sugar, or cheese. It is similar to corn nuts or kornik, but has a softer texture. It is a
favorite pasalubong (souvenir) item for tourists and locals alike.
- Kalamay: This is a sweet delicacy made of glutinous rice flour, coconut milk, and sugar. It
has a sticky and chewy consistency and is often flavored with ube (purple yam), langka
(jackfruit), or peanut butter. It is usually wrapped in banana leaves or coconut shells and sold
in markets or roadside stalls.
c. La Union
- La Union is famous for its surfing beaches and delicious food. The cuisine of La Union reflects the
diverse influences of the Ilocano, Pangasinan, and Cordilleran cultures, as well as the Spanish
and American colonial periods.
- Some of the must-try delicacies in La Union are:
- Halo-Halo de Iloko: A refreshing dessert made of shaved ice, milk, and various ingredients
such as fruits, beans, pastillas, ube, and homemade ice cream.Halo-Halo de Iloko is a
specialty of the Halo Halo de Iloko Balay restaurant in San Fernando, where it is made with
local ingredients from different towns of La Union.
- Kilawen: A dish of raw meat or fish marinated in vinegar or calamansi juice and seasoned
with salt, pepper, onion, ginger, and chili. The acidity of the marinade cooks the meat or fish
without heat, making it tender and flavorful. Kilawen is a popular appetizer or pulutan (beer
snack) in La Union
- Naguilian Basi: A fermented drink made from sugarcane juice that has a distinct earthy and
sweet taste. Basi is an ancient beverage that dates back to the pre-colonial era, when it was
used for rituals and celebrations. Naguilian is a town in La Union that is known for producing
the best basi in the province, which can be sampled in various restaurants and souvenir
shops.
- Sabong Fried Chicken: A crispy and juicy fried chicken that comes in three unique flavors:
Elyu original, Korean soy garlic, and honey bagoong (shrimp paste). Sabong Fried Chicken
is a signature dish of the Sabong La Union Fried Chicken restaurant in San Juan, where it is
served with rice and coleslaw.
- Filipino-inspired Flavored Sorbetes/Ice Cream: A creative twist on the classic ice cream that
features flavors inspired by Filipino delicacies such as champorado-tuyo (chocolate rice
porridge with dried fish), coconut three-way (coconut milk, coconut water, and coconut meat),
and mangga't suman (mango and sticky rice). These ice cream flavors are made by Leche
Ice Cream Company, which has a branch in San Juan.
d. Pangasinan
- Pangasinan is known for its rich and diverse culinary heritage. The province has a variety of food
and delicacies that reflect its geography, culture, and history. Pangasinan is blessed with abundant
natural resources, such as fish, rice, vegetables, fruits, and salt. These ingredients are used to
create dishes that are flavorful, satisfying, and unique.
- Some of the most popular food and delicacies in Pangasinan are:
- Pigar-pigar: A dish of thinly sliced beef or carabao meat and liver, sautéed with onions,
cabbage, and spices. It is a popular street food and beer snack in Dagupan City, where an
annual festival is held to celebrate it. Pigar-pigar means "turning over" in Pangasinan, which
refers to the way the meat is cooked in a large frying pan.
- Kaleskes: A hearty stew of carabao meat, intestines, pancreas, and other internal organs,
cooked in a broth flavored with annatto or achuete. It is also a specialty of Dagupan City,
where it is sold in eateries and food stalls. Kaleskes means "intestines" in Pangasinan, which
is the main ingredient of the dish.
- Puto Calasiao: A type of steamed rice cake that is small, round, and chewy. It is usually white
but can also have different flavors such as pandan, ube, and strawberry. It is named after
Calasiao, a small town in Pangasinan where it is produced and sold near the Saints Peter
and Paul Parish Church. Puto Calasiao is a favorite snack and pasalubong or souvenir
among locals and tourists alike.
 - Mangaldan tapa: A type of cured beef that is marinated in vinegar, soy sauce, garlic, sugar,
and spices. It is then dried under the sun or smoked over charcoal. It is named after
Mangaldan, a municipality in Pangasinan where it is made and sold.
- Alaminos longganisa**: A type of sausage that is made from ground pork, garlic, salt, pepper,
vinegar, and annatto. It is stuffed into hog casings and then dried or smoked. It is named
after Alaminos, a city in Pangasinan where it is produced and sold.

- These are just some of the foods and delicacies that Region of Ilocos has to offer. There are many more dishes
that showcase the Region’s culinary diversity and excellence. Ilocos Region is truly a food lover's paradise that
deserves to be explored and enjoyed.

F. Festivals and Special Events

a. Bangus Festival
- Dagupan City is the home of the Bangus Festival, a yearly event that showcases the city's
abundant milkfish industry. Milk fish, or bangus, is a type of fish that is widely cultivated in the
province of Pangasinan and is considered the national fish of the Philippines. The Bangus Festival
celebrates the rich culture and cuisine of Dagupan and its people, who are known for their creativity
and hospitality. The festival features various activities and competitions, such as the bangus rodeo,
the bangus cooking contest, the bangus eating contest, and the famous 101 Ways to Cook
Bangus. The highlight of the festival is the Kalutan ed Dalan, or the street grilling of thousands of
bangus along the main road of the city. The festival attracts local and foreign tourists who want to
experience the unique and delicious taste of Dagupan's bangus. The Bangus Festival started in
2002 and has since been recognized by the Association of Tourism Officers in the Philippines and
the Department of Tourism as one of the best festivals in the country. The festival aims to promote
Dagupan's milkfish industry and to showcase its contribution to the economy and tourism of
Pangasinan and the Philippines.

b. Pamulinawen Festival
- Every February, Laoag City commemorates its history and culture with the Pamulinawen Festival.
The city, which is the capital of Ilocos Norte province, honors its patron saint, William of Maleval,
who passed away on February 10, 1157 AD. The festival features a colorful parade and a lively
street-dance competition that showcases the local talents and traditions.

c. Guling-Guling Festival
- Guling-Guling is a tradition that dates back to the 16th century, when the Spanish friars used it as
a way to connect with their parishioners. It is celebrated on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday,
which was considered the last day of fun and festivities before the Lenten season. Guling means
to mark, smear or make a sign in Ilocano. The town leader (now mayor) would mark the forehead
of a person with wet, white rice flour in the shape of a cross. The white color symbolises purity and
the cross signifies forgiveness of sins.

G. Major Cultural Groups

a. Igorots
- The Igorots or Cordillerans are indigenous people who live in the Cordillera Mountains of Luzon,
particularly in the provinces of Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Apayao, and Mountain Province. They
are known for their rice terraces, traditional clothing, and unique customs and beliefs.

b. Tingguian
- The Tingguians are an indigenous group found in the mountainous areas of Abra and Ilocos Sur.
They are known for their intricate weaving and basket-making skills and have a unique cultural
heritage, with traditional belief in ancestor worship and environmental conservation

H. Major Industries
- Major Industries in Ilocos Region
The Ilocos Region in the Philippines has diverse economic activities. Some major industries include
agriculture, particularly tobacco and garlic cultivation. Fishing is also significant due to its coastal location.
Additionally, tourism plays a role, with attractions like historic sites and scenic landscapes drawing visitors to
the region.
- Famous Hotel
Fort Ilocandia is a dreamy 77-hectare retreat in Laoag City, Ilocos Norte, blending history, charm, and modern
comfort. I can attest to the seamless fusion of old-world artistry and contemporary convenience in every
corner. The luxurious suites, nestled along a 2-kilometer shoreline facing the South China Sea, offer
breathtaking views and satisfaction for both local and international travelers. This hotel isn't just a stay; it's
an adventure filled with warm Ilocano hospitality, making every moment memorable.
 I. Language/Dialects
The dialects or languages that are used in this region are Ilocano and Pangasinense. Tagalog and English
are the medium of instruction in schools. Ilocano is widely used by the majority of people while Pangasinense is spoken
in the central towns of Pangasinan.

J. Assessment of the SWOT of the region in terms of the FIVE As of Tourism

Strengths:
Attractions:
● Natural wonders: Region 1 boasts stunning natural landscapes, including the famous Hundred Islands in
Pangasinan, the scenic Patapat Viaduct in Ilocos Norte, and the picturesque beaches of La Union. These
attractions offer opportunities for activities like island hopping, snorkeling, and beach relaxation.
● Cultural heritage: The region is home to UNESCO World Heritage Site Vigan, known for its well-preserved
Spanish colonial architecture. Other cultural landmarks like the Paoay Church and the Cape Bojeador
Lighthouse attract history enthusiasts.
Accessibility:
● Good transportation infrastructure: Region 1 is well-connected by land, air, and sea. Major highways like the
North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) provide easy access by
road. Airports such as Laoag International Airport and San Fernando Airport cater to domestic and
international flights.
Accommodation:
● Diverse lodging options: Tourists visiting Region 1 can choose from a variety of accommodations ranging
from budget-friendly guesthouses and hostels to mid-range hotels and luxury resorts. Cities like Laoag,
Vigan, and San Fernando offer numerous choices to suit different preferences and budgets.
Amenities:
● Local cuisine and crafts: Region 1 is known for its unique culinary offerings such as bagnet (crispy pork
belly), empanada (savory pastry), and longganisa (local sausage). Tourists can also explore traditional crafts
like Abel Iloko weaving and pottery, contributing to the region's cultural immersion experience.

Weaknesses:
Attractions:
● Limited variety: While Region 1 offers significant natural and cultural attractions, there might be a lack of
diverse tourist experiences compared to more developed regions, potentially limiting its appeal to certain
types of travelers.
Accessibility:
● Limited international flights: Although Region 1 has airports serving international flights, the frequency and
destinations may be limited compared to major international gateways like Manila or Cebu, affecting the
convenience for international tourists.
Accommodation:
● Insufficient high-end options: While there are luxury accommodations in Region 1, the number and scale
may be limited compared to other tourist destinations, potentially impacting the region's ability to attract high-
spending tourists seeking luxury experiences.
Amenities:
● Limited entertainment options: While the region offers cultural experiences and outdoor activities, the nightlife
and entertainment options may be comparatively limited, particularly for tourists seeking vibrant nightlife
scenes or a wide range of entertainment choices.

Opportunities:
Attractions:
 ● +gion 1 has the opportunity to promote sustainable tourism practices to preserve its natural and cultural
heritage. Initiatives such as eco-tourism projects, community-based tourism, and conservation efforts can
attract environmentally conscious travelers while preserving the region's attractions for future generations.
Accessibility:
● Improved transportation links: Continued investment in transportation infrastructure, including the expansion
of international flight routes and the improvement of road and sea transport networks, can enhance
accessibility and attract more tourists from both domestic and international markets.
Accommodation:
● Develop luxury accommodations: There is an opportunity to invest in the development of high-end resorts
and boutique hotels to cater to luxury travelers seeking premium experiences. Strategic partnerships with
international hotel chains or luxury brands can help elevate the region's hospitality offerings and attract
upscale tourists.
Amenities:
● Cultural events and festivals: Region 1 can capitalize on its rich cultural heritage by organizing and promoting
festivals, cultural events, and gastronomic tours. Highlighting unique local traditions, culinary experiences,
and artisanal crafts can enhance the overall tourist experience and attract visitors interested in cultural
immersion.

Threats:
Attractions:
● Natural disasters: Region 1 is vulnerable to natural disasters such as typhoons, earthquakes, and landslides,
which can disrupt tourism activities, damage infrastructure, and pose safety risks to tourists, affecting visitor
arrivals and revenue.
Accessibility:
● Political instability: Political unrest or instability in the Philippines can impact tourism by affecting travel
advisories, flight schedules, and overall tourist confidence, potentially deterring visitors from choosing Region
1 as a travel destination.
Accommodation:
● Economic downturn: Economic challenges, both locally and globally, can impact tourism demand and
spending. A slowdown in the economy may lead to reduced travel budgets, affecting the demand for
accommodations and hospitality services in Region 1.
Amenities:
● Competition from other regions: Region 1 faces competition from other tourist destinations within the
Philippines and the broader Southeast Asian region. Competing destinations with more developed amenities,
aggressive marketing strategies, or unique attractions may attract tourists away from Region 1, posing a
threat to its tourism industry growth.
ADDITION
Attractions:

● Strengths:
● The region boasts a rich cultural heritage, including well-preserved colonial architecture in Vigan
City and the UNESCO-listed Paoay Church.
● Natural attractions like pristine beaches in Pagudpud, the scenic landscapes of Bangui Windmills,
and the Banaue Rice Terraces are major draws.
● Weaknesses:
● Many hidden gems remain undiscovered due to limited marketing and promotion, leading to an
uneven distribution of tourist traffic.
● Overemphasis on well-known sites may contribute to overcrowding and potential degradation of
those sites.
● Opportunities:
● Develop and promote eco-tourism initiatives, emphasizing sustainable practices and community
involvement.
● Collaborate with local communities to identify and highlight lesser-known attractions, creating a
more diverse tourism portfolio.
● Threats:
● Natural disasters, such as typhoons or earthquakes, pose a threat to the preservation and
accessibility of attractions.
Accommodation:
● Strengths:
● The region offers a range of accommodation options catering to different budgets, including hotels,
resorts, and homestays.
● Presence of budget-friendly options enhances the region's accessibility to a diverse range of
tourists.
 ● Weaknesses:
● Limited high-end or luxury accommodation options may deter high-spending tourists.
● Seasonal variations in tourist influx can impact the sustainability of accommodation businesses.
● Opportunities:
● Attracting investments for upscale accommodations can cater to the luxury tourism segment.
● Collaborate with local businesses to enhance the overall lodging experience, promoting unique
and culturally immersive stays.
● Threats:
● Intense competition from other regions for tourism investments may limit the growth of
accommodation facilities.
Accessibility:
● Strengths:
● Well-connected road networks and transportation infrastructure make it relatively easy for tourists
to travel within the region.
● Proximity to major urban centers, such as Manila, enhances accessibility for domestic tourists.
● Weaknesses:
● Limited direct international flight options may hinder the region's exposure to the global tourism
market.
● Challenges in improving connectivity to remote attractions may result in underutilization of certain
areas.
● Opportunities:
● Enhancing regional airports to accommodate international flights can open up new markets.
● Investing in transportation infrastructure, including roads and public transportation, can improve
accessibility to remote attractions.
● Threats:
● Political or economic factors affecting transportation development may slow down progress.
Amenities:
● Strengths:
● Basic amenities such as shopping centers and restaurants contribute to a comfortable tourist
experience.
● Cultural events and festivals provide unique opportunities for tourists to engage with the local
community.
● Weaknesses:
● Limited nightlife and entertainment options in certain areas may impact the overall tourist
experience.
● Inconsistencies in the quality of amenities across the region may lead to varied satisfaction levels
among tourists.
● Opportunities:
● Investing in entertainment and recreational facilities can enhance the overall attractiveness of the
region.
● Collaborating with local businesses to improve the quality and consistency of amenities can lead
to a more positive visitor experience.
● Threats:
● Economic downturns may affect the hospitality and service sectors, impacting the quality of
amenities.
Activities:
● Strengths:
● Diverse recreational activities, including water sports, trekking, and cultural and historical tours,
offer a wide range of experiences.
● The region's activities cater to various interests, attracting a diverse group of tourists.
● Weaknesses:
● Limited promotion of adventure and niche activities may result in missed opportunities to attract
specific market segments.
● Insufficient coordination among activity providers may lead to a fragmented and less streamlined
tourism experience.
 ● Opportunities:
● Developing and promoting adventure tourism initiatives can tap into a growing market segment.
● Creating partnerships to offer package deals for a variety of activities can enhance the overall
tourist experience.
● Threats:
● Environmental concerns, such as over-tourism impacting delicate ecosystems, may threaten
certain activities.

REGION 2 – CAGAYAN VALLEY

A. Introduction
- Region 2, also known as Cagayan Valley, is an administrative region in the northeastern part of Luzon, the
largest island in the Philippines. It consists of five provinces: Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya,
and Quirino. The regional center and largest city is Tuguegarao. It consist of 4 cities, namely: Tuguegarao,
Cauayan, Ilagan, and Santiago.
- Cagayan Valley has a land area of 29,836.88 square kilometers, making it the second-largest region in the
country. It has a population of 3, 685, 744 as of 2020. It is bordered by the Luzon Strait, Philippine Sea,
Central Luzon, Ilocos Region, and the Cordillera Administrative Region.
- The region is home to diverse ethnic groups, languages, and cultures. It is also rich in natural resources,
agricultural products, and historical sites.

B. Provinces
a. Batanes
- Batanes is the northernmost and smallest province in the Philippines, located in the Cagayan
Valley region. It is an archipelago of 10 islands, of which only three are inhabited: Batan, Itbayat,
and Sabtang. The province has a land area of 230 square kilometers and a population of 18, 831
people. It composed of 6 municipalities namely: Itbayat, Ivana, Mahatao, Sabtang, Uyugan and
Basco which is the capital of Batanes.
- Batanes was created as a sub-province of Cagayan in August 20, 1907 by the approval of Act No.
1693. Today, Batanes is known for its scenic landscapes, ancient stone houses, and friendly
people. It is a popular tourist destination that offers a variety of attractions and activities for visitors
who want to experience nature's beauty and simplicity.
b. Cagayan
- Cagayan is one of the oldest provinces in the Philippines, dating back to the Spanish colonial
period. It covers the northeastern tip of Luzon and includes the Babuyan Islands. It was once part
of a larger province called La Provincia de Cagayan, which encompassed the entire Cagayan
Valley and some parts of Kalinga, Apayao, and Aurora. Its capital is the city of Tuguegarao, which
also serves as the regional center of the Cagayan Valley..
- The province has a land area of 9,398.07 square kilometers and a population of 1,268,603 people
as of 2020. It composed of 28 municipalities namely: Abulug, Alcala, Allacapan, Amulung, Aparri,
Baggao, Ballesteros, Buguey, Calayan, Camalaniugan, Claveria, Enrile, Gattaran, Gonzaga, Iguig,
Lal-lo, Lasam, Pamplona, Peñablanca, Piat, Rizal, Sanchez-Mira, Santa Ana, Santa Praxedes,
Santa Teresita, Santo Niño, Solana, Tuao
- Cagayan has a rich and diverse culture, influenced by its prehistoric civilization, Spanish
colonization, tobacco monopoly, and Ilokano migration. It is also home to the Homo luzonensis, a
newly discovered species of ancient human found in Callao Cave. Cagayan is bounded by the
Sierra Madre and Cordillera mountain ranges, and crossed by the Cagayan River, the longest and
largest river in the country.
c. Isabela
- Isabela is a province in the Philippines located in the northeastern part of Luzon. It is the second
largest province in the country in terms of land area and the 15th most populous. Its capital and
largest city is Ilagan, which hosts the provincial government and several trade centers.The
province has a land area of 13,102.05 square kilometers and a population of 1,697,050 people as
of 2020.
- It compose of 1 indipendent city which is Santiago and 2 components which is Cauayan and Ilagan
and 34 municipalities namely: Alicia, Angadanan, Aurora, Benito Soliven, Burgos, Cabagan,
Cabatuan, Cordon, Delfin Albano, Dinapigue, Divilacan, Echague, Gamu, Jones, Luna,
Maconacon, Mallig, Naguilian, Palanan, Quezon, Quirino, Ramon, Reina Mercedes, Roxas, San
 Agustin, San Guillermo, San Isidro, San Manuel, San Mariano, San Mateo, San Pablo, Santa
Maria, Santo Tomas, Tumauini
- It is also known as the Queen Province of the North, the Rice Bowl of the North, and the Top Corn
Producer of the Philippines. The province was named after Isabella II, who was the queen of Spain
when Isabela was founded in 1856.
d. Nueva Vizcaya
- Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines is a landlocked province in the Cagayan Valley region of Luzon. It was
named after the province of Biscay in Spain, where some of the early colonizers came from. The
province was established in 1839 as a politico-military province, separating it from the larger
territory of Cagayan. It’s capital is Bayombong.
- The province has a land area of 3,975.67 square kilometers and a population of 497,432 people
as of 2020. It composed of 15 municipalities namely: Alfonso Castañeda, Ambaguio, Aritao,
Bagabag, Bambang, Bayombong, Diadi, Dupax del Norte, Dupax del Sur, Kasibu, Kayapa,
Quezon, Santa Fe, Solano, Villaverde
- It is also known as the Citrus Capital of the Philippines, it used to be a territory of the vast Cagayan
Valley which was once an integral political unit with one governor.
e. Quirino
- Quirino is a province in the Philippines that belongs to the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. It was
established in 1966 as a sub-province of Nueva Vizcaya and became a full-fledged province in
1971.
- The province has a land area of 2,319.66 square kilometers and a population of 203,828 people
as of 2020.It has six municipalities: Aglipay, Diffun, Maddela, Nagtipunan, Saguday and
Cabarroguis which is the capital of the province.
- It is named after Elpidio Quirino, the sixth president of the Philippines. Quirino is a landlocked
province with a rugged terrain and a rich biodiversity. Quirino is known for its natural attractions
and water adventures, such as caves, waterfalls, rivers, and lakes.

C. Port of Access
- The Cagayan Region offers three airports—Basco, Tuguegarao, and Cauayan—connecting to Manila, and sea
access from Ilocos Norte to Batanes. It boasts an extensive road network through the Pan-Philippines Highway for
buses or private vehicles.

Region 2 comprises five provinces: Cagayan, Isabela, Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, and Batanes. It includes one
independent city, three component cities, 89 municipalities, and 2,311 barangays across 12 congressional districts.

D. Attractions and Activities

a. Callao Cave
The Callao Caves (declared under Republic Act 7357 as a National Park) is a 7-chambered cave
with massive limestone formations running through a great length of the Pinacanauan River. One of its
chambers features a stone altar illuminated by natural skylight, producing an eerie catacomb-like
atmosphere. Also a treat is the spectacle of red-billed kalaw birds and daily charge of bats at dusk when
millions pour out of the Bat's Cave.
b. Basilica MInore of Lady of Piat
The Basilica Minore of Our Lady of Piat houses the more than 365 year-old miraculous image of
Our Lady of Piat. The image which comes from Macao was originally enshrined in Lallo but the Dominicans
brought it later to Piat to win the Itawes region to Christianity. Its feast day is every July 2nd of the year.
c. Camalaniugan Bell
One of the oldest bell in the Philippines, forged in the year 1595, it was brought to Manila in
February 1987 as one of the attractions during the 33rd International Eucharistic Congress.
d. St. Peter’s Cathedral
For 331 years, from 1680 until its last renovation and dedication in 2011, the St. Peter Gonzales
of Thelmo parish Church has been a living witness to its tragic, but colorful past. Aparri was a victim of severe
disasters like typhoons, floods, earthquakes, fire, and wars for many centuries. The church was never out of
danger, but it rose like a phoenix from the ashes. It had to undergo relocation and seemingly countless
renovations and reconstructions until it achieved a more contemporary appearance.
Despite its new look, the church still pays homage to its original baroque architectural design
reflected in its façade, ornate interior arches, and exquisite retablo. Indeed, the rebuilding process
demonstrates Aparriano’s indomitable faith and tenacity that despite each catastrophe, Aparrianos have only
pushed to rebuild and emerge more determined and resilient.
e. Calvary Hills
To the faithful, tired, and weary, the Calvary Hills of Iguig is the perfect place for spiritual renewal.
Since its opening in 1982, it has become a choice destination and pilgrimage especially during Holy Week.
 This place speaks of joy and freedom with its vast rolling hills open to the sky. Whether for prayer or a needed
respite from daily worries, Calvary has become a place where one can express faith and find comfort and
relief. The larger-than-life depiction of the passion and death of Jesus Christ with the scenic Cagayan River,
rolling hills, and plains as its fitting location and backdrop, makes Iguig Calvary Hills appealing to the faithful.
This place is sacred because it embodies and represents the passion of Jesus Christ and Calvary-
the hill in Jerusalem where Pontius Pilate crucified Jesus Christ. Like in many versions and adaptations of
Calvary Hills abroad and in the Philippines, all 14 Stations of the Cross are thoughtfully laid out to guide the
pilgrims’ way. The devout can follow the progress of the stages of the Passion of Christ, commemorating the
Via Dolorosa in Jerusalem. Visiting Iguig is not complete without visiting Calvary Hills. This place is popular
among devotees during the Holy Week when the Catholic community does their prayer and penance.
f. Mt. Cagua
Trekking Mt. Cagua, locally known as the ‘mountain of fire’ or ‘fire mountain’, presents a rare
experience for amateur and professional mountaineers alike. Walking through the trees, mossy forests, and
grasslands is one for the books. Nature lovers would love the forested trail teeming with biodiversity. Its
gentle and shaded route is a tick off the bucket list for mountaineers who never knew of Mt. Cagua.
It is pretty daunting to be walking on top of the caldera. Seeing fumaroles emitting steam and
volcanic gases is a unique experience. With safety precautions, trekkers need the help of certified local
guides to make this a safe and rewarding adventure. Mount Cagua is an active volcano with recorded
explosions in 1860 and 1907. Notable are its two fumaroles (openings on the earth’s surface) in the northern
and southern parts of the caldera.

E. Food and Delicacies

a. Batanes
- Batanes food is simple yet flavorful, reflecting the Ivatan people's way of life. It is also fresh and
organic, as most of the ingredients are sourced from the land and sea. Eating Batanes food is not
only a gastronomic experience but also a cultural one, as it showcases the history and traditions
of the province.
- Some of the most popular dishes are:
- Uved: a mixture of grated corn, ground meat, and minced fish that can be served as balls or
with broth.
- Dibang: a flying fish that can be prepared in different ways, such as fried, grilled, or marinated
in vinegar and spices.
- Vunes: a dish made of dried gabi or taro stalks that are shredded and cooked with coconut
milk and pork.
- Payi: a local term for lobster, which is abundant in the clear seas surrounding the islands.
- Luñis: a salted and sun-dried pork that is fried until crispy and tender.
- Supas: a rice cake made of ground rice, coconut milk, sugar, and cheese that is wrapped in
banana leaves and steamed.
b. Cagayan
- Cagayan Province is a region that boasts of its natural beauty and rich culture. It is also a place
where food lovers can find a variety of dishes that reflect the local taste and tradition.
- There are many more dishes that showcase the diversity and richness of the region's cuisine.
Some of the food and delicacies that Cagayan Province is known for are:
- Pancit Batil Patoung/Patong: a noodle dish made with miki noodles, minced carabao meat,
poached egg, chopped onions, and carajay. It is served with batil soup, which is made from
beef stock and egg. Pancit batil patong is a hearty and flavorful dish that originated from
Tuguegarao City, the capital of Cagayan Province.
- Sinanta: This is another noodle dish that uses a combination of miki and sotanghon noodles
with pork, chicken, and clam. Sinanta is cooked in coconut milk and seasoned with fish
sauce, ginger, garlic, and onion. It is usually eaten with sweet rice cake during special
occasions.
- Jamon de Cagayan: This is a type of ham that is cured with salt, sugar, and spices. Jamon
de Cagayan has a distinct smoky flavor and aroma that makes it a popular delicacy during
Christmas and New Year. It can be eaten as it is or paired with bread or rice.
- Chicharon: This is a snack made from crispy fried pork rind or skin. Chicharon is crunchy and
salty, and can be eaten plain or dipped in vinegar or spicy sauce. Chicharon is a common
street food in Cagayan Province
- Turones de Mani: This is a sweet treat made from peanuts wrapped in lumpia wrapper and
deep-fried until golden brown. Turones de mani are crunchy and nutty, and are often sold by
vendors along the streets or in markets.
c. Isabela
- Isabela Province is a rich agricultural region in the Philippines, known for its rice, corn, and monggo
production. It is also home to a variety of native delicacies that reflect its diverse culture and history
that showcase the province's culinary heritage.
 - Some of the most popular dishes from Isabela are:
- Pancit Cabagan: a noodle dish with pork, shrimp, vegetables, and a savory sauce.
- Dinengdeng: a vegetable soup with bagoong isda (fermented fish paste) and grilled or fried
fish.
- Inatata: a sweet sticky rice cake wrapped in banana leaves and served with latik sauce.
- Bibingkang Kanin: a dense rice cake made with glutinous rice, coconut milk, and latik topping.
- Moriecos: a smooth rice cake stuffed with latik and wrapped in banana leaves.
- Tinubong: a rice cake cooked inside bamboo poles over coals, giving it a smoky flavor. Native
believes you sould be quiet if you are cooking this in order to be cook properly.
d. Nueva Vizcaya
- Nueva Vizcaya boasts a rich and diverse culinary heritage. The province is known for its abundant
produce, such as rice, corn, vegetables, fruits, and fish, which are used to create various dishes
and delicacies that reflect the culture and history of the Vizcayanos.
- Some of the famous cuisine and delicacies of Nueva Vizcaya are:
- Inabraw: A vegetable dish made with bitter gourd, eggplant, okra, string beans, and other
local greens, cooked in a broth flavored with bagoong (fermented fish paste) and topped with
grilled fish. This dish is similar to the Ilocano dinengdeng and is a staple in many households.
- Abal-abal: A spicy dish made with goat meat, innards, blood, and chili peppers, cooked in
coconut milk and vinegar. This dish is considered a delicacy and is usually served during
special occasions or festivals.
- Abaleng/Tateg: also known as **June Beetle** or **Salagubang** in Tagalog, is a popular
exotic food innueva vizcaya
e. Quirino
- Quirino Province is a landlocked region in the Philippines that offers a variety of local dishes and
food products. Some of the delicacies that are unique to Quirino are Tubikoy, Tilanggit, and
Adobong Pato.
- Tubikoy is a rice cake made from a mixture of tupig, bibingka, and tikoy, which are all types
of glutinous rice desserts.
- Tilanggit is a dried tilapia that resembles danggit, a crispy salted fish.
- Adobong Pato is a duck dish cooked in vinegar, soy sauce, ginger, and black pepper, similar
to the popular Filipino adobo.

ADDITIONAL INFO:
- Abal-abal, also known as **June Beetle** or **Salagubang** in Tagalog, is a popular exotic food in Abra, a
province in the Philippines. insects play an important role as traditional food. From Abuos (ant eggs) to
Abalin (beetle larvae), these unique culinary offerings are enjoyed by locals.
F. Festivals and Special Events
a) The Bangkarera Festival
- In the municipality of Aparri (May 10th) features an exciting race participated in by up to a hundred
boats of different sizes and shapes, as thanksgiving to their patron saint, St. Peter Thelmo.
b) Rumang-ay Festival
- During (May 5 - 10), commemorates the historical establishment of Gonzaga.
c) Cabibi Festival
- In Lallo, the Cabibi Festival every August depicts the "cabibi" (clam) as an enduring major source
of livelihood for those living along the banks of Cagayan River.

G. Major Cultural Groups

a) Ibanag/Ybanag
- The Ibanag are an indigenous people who live in the Cagayan Valley region of Luzon, particularly
in the provinces of Cagayan and Isabela. They are known for their weaving and pottery skills and
their rich cultural heritage. The name Ibanag means "people of the river", as they settled along the
banks of the Cagayan River, the longest river system in the Philippines
b) Itawit/Itawes
- The Itawes tribe is one of the major indigenous peoples of the Cagayan Valley Region. They are
said to be the original dwellers across the Cagayan River. Others call them Itawis or Itawit. The
culture of the Itawes is similar to that of the Ibanag, but they tend to live away from urban centers
in small settlements.
c) Malaweg
- The Malaweg live in sections of Cagayan and Kalinga-Apayao provinces and in the town of Rizal.
Culturally, they are similar to the Ibanag and Itawit groups that live nearby in the Cagayan Valley.
Linguistically they resemble the Itawit.

H. Major Industries
- Major Industries in Cagayan Valley
 Cagayan Valley in the Philippines has a mix of industries contributing to its economy. Agriculture is a major
sector, with rice and corn being primary crops. Fishing is also important due to the region's coastal areas.
Other notable industries include food processing, furniture manufacturing, and handicraft production. Mining,
particularly for gold and limestone, is another significant economic activity.
- Famous Hotel
Blue Coast Beach Hotel, nestled in Santa Ana, Cagayan Valley, offers a seaside haven near Nangaramoan
and Pozo Robo Beaches. Picture cozy accommodations with sea views, an inviting infinity pool, and
breathtaking sunsets painting the horizon. Explore the wonders of Palaui Island through our island hopping
tours. Choose them for a captivating blend of convenience and coastal beauty. Make sure to add them to
your choices in booking your stay to indulge in the enchantment of Cagayan's shores – where every moment
is a vibrant brushstroke on your beachfront canvas.

I. Language/Dialects
People of the Cagayan Valley Region can speak and understand english. The Major dialects that are being
used in this region are Ilocano, Ybanag, Ytawes and Filipino. In Batanes, the people speak Ivatan.

J. Assessment of the SWOT of the region in terms of the four As of Tourism

Strengths:
Attractions:
● Natural wonders: Region 2 is blessed with diverse natural attractions including the Callao Caves in Cagayan,
Palaui Island in Isabela, and the stunning landscapes of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range. These attractions
appeal to nature lovers, adventure seekers, and eco-tourists.
● Cultural heritage: The region boasts a rich cultural heritage with historical sites such as the Basilica Minore
of Our Lady of Piat in Cagayan and the centuries-old churches in Isabela. These sites attract tourists
interested in history, architecture, and religious tourism.
Accessibility:
● Strategic location: Region 2 serves as a gateway to Northern Luzon, making it accessible via major highways
such as the Maharlika Highway (Pan-Philippine Highway) and Cagayan Valley Road. The Tuguegarao
Airport in Cagayan also provides air connectivity to and from Metro Manila and other key cities.
Accommodation:
● Diverse lodging options: Tourists visiting Region 2 can choose from a variety of accommodations ranging
from budget-friendly inns and guesthouses to mid-range hotels and resorts. Cities like Tuguegarao and
Santiago offer a range of options to suit different preferences and budgets.
Amenities:
● Local cuisine and crafts: Region 2 offers a unique culinary experience with dishes like pancit batil patung
and the famous Carabao Milk Candy. Additionally, the region is known for its handicrafts such as the Abel
Iloko weaving in Cagayan and pottery in Isabela, providing tourists with opportunities for cultural immersion
and souvenir shopping.
Weaknesses:
Attractions:
● Limited tourism infrastructure: Some natural attractions in Region 2 may lack developed tourism
infrastructure and facilities, limiting accessibility and comfort for tourists, especially those seeking
convenience and amenities.
Accessibility:
 ● Limited international connectivity: Despite being accessible domestically, Region 2 may have limited
international flight options directly to its airports, requiring tourists to transit through major international
gateways like Manila or Clark.
Accommodation:
● Insufficient high-end options: While Region 2 offers a variety of accommodations, there may be a lack of
upscale or luxury options catering to high-end travelers, potentially limiting the region's appeal to luxury
tourism segments.
Amenities:
● Limited entertainment and nightlife: The region may have fewer entertainment options compared to more
developed tourist destinations, which could affect the overall tourist experience, especially for those seeking
vibrant nightlife and entertainment venues.
Opportunities:
Attractions:
● Sustainable tourism initiatives: Region 2 has the opportunity to implement sustainable tourism practices to
preserve its natural and cultural heritage. Initiatives such as community-based ecotourism projects and
conservation efforts can attract environmentally conscious travelers while promoting responsible tourism
development.
Accessibility:
● Infrastructure development: Continued investment in transportation infrastructure, including road upgrades
and airport expansion, can enhance accessibility and connectivity within Region 2, making it more attractive
to tourists and investors alike.
Accommodation:
● Development of luxury accommodations: There is an opportunity to invest in the development of high-end
resorts and boutique hotels to cater to luxury travelers seeking premium experiences. Strategic partnerships
with international hospitality brands can elevate the region's accommodation offerings and attract affluent
tourists.
Amenities:
● Cultural events and festivals: Region 2 can leverage its rich cultural heritage by organizing and promoting
cultural events, festivals, and gastronomic tours. Highlighting unique local traditions, culinary specialties, and
artisanal crafts can enhance the overall tourist experience and attract visitors interested in cultural immersion.
Threats:
Attractions:
● Environmental degradation: Natural attractions in Region 2 may face threats from environmental degradation
due to factors such as pollution, deforestation, and unsustainable tourism practices, which could diminish
their appeal and adversely affect tourist arrivals.
Accessibility:
● Political instability: Political unrest or security concerns in the Philippines can impact tourism by affecting
travel advisories and tourist safety perceptions, potentially deterring visitors from choosing Region 2 as a
travel destination.
Accommodation:
● Economic downturn: Economic challenges, both locally and globally, can impact tourism demand and
spending. A slowdown in the economy may lead to reduced travel budgets, affecting the demand for
accommodations and hospitality services in Region 2.
Amenities:
● Competition from other regions: Region 2 faces competition from other tourist destinations within the
Philippines and the broader Southeast Asian region. Competing destinations with more developed amenities,
aggressive marketing strategies, or unique attractions may attract tourists away from Region 2, posing a
threat to its tourism industry growth.

ADDITION

Attractions:

● Strengths:
● Rich agricultural landscapes, including rice terraces and scenic countryside.
● Historical sites such as the Callao Caves and churches.
● Weaknesses:
● Limited international recognition of attractions compared to other regions.
● Potential underutilization of cultural heritage for tourism purposes.
● Opportunities:
● Develop cultural and agro-tourism initiatives to attract a diverse range of tourists.
● Invest in marketing campaigns to raise awareness of lesser-known attractions.
● Threats:
 ● Environmental issues, such as deforestation or pollution, impacting natural attractions.
Accommodation:
● Strengths:
● Presence of hotels and accommodations catering to various budget ranges.
● Opportunities for rural and eco-friendly lodging experiences.
● Weaknesses:
● Limited high-end or luxury accommodation options may deter luxury tourists.
● Seasonal variations in tourist influx can affect the sustainability of accommodations.
● Opportunities:
● Attract investments for upscale accommodations to cater to a broader market.
● Promote unique and culturally immersive stays, leveraging the region's rural charm.
● Threats:
● Intense competition from neighboring regions for tourism investments.
Accessibility:
● Strengths:
● Well-connected road networks, making it accessible for land travel.
● Proximity to major urban centers, facilitating domestic tourism.
● Weaknesses:
● Limited international flight options may hinder attracting foreign tourists.
● Challenges in improving connectivity to remote areas and attractions.
● Opportunities:
● Enhance regional airports to accommodate international flights.
● Improve transportation infrastructure to boost accessibility to remote attractions.
● Threats:
● Economic and political factors affecting transportation development.
Amenities:
● Strengths:
● Availability of basic amenities such as local markets and traditional eateries.
● Cultural events and festivals providing unique experiences.
● Weaknesses:
● Limited nightlife and modern entertainment options.
● Inconsistencies in the quality of amenities across the region.
● Opportunities:
● Develop modern entertainment facilities to attract a wider audience.
● Collaborate with local businesses to improve the quality and consistency of amenities.
● Threats:
● Economic downturns affecting the hospitality and service sectors.
Activities:
● Strengths:
● Agricultural and eco-tourism activities, including farm tours and nature walks.
● Cultural and historical tours offering unique insights into local traditions.
● Weaknesses:
● Limited promotion of adventure and niche activities.
● Insufficient coordination among activity providers.
● Opportunities:
● Develop and promote adventure tourism initiatives, tapping into emerging markets.
● Collaborate with local providers to offer diverse activity packages.
● Threats:
● Environmental concerns impacting certain activities, such as deforestation or habitat loss.