PHILIPPINE ARTS:

ARTIST:

● Federico Illustero: credited with creating the Quezon Memorial Park, as well as
the YMCA Building (also known as the GSIS Building) in Manila's Ermita
neighborhood
● Leandro V. Locsin: In 1969, he completed what is to be his most recognizable
work, the Theater of Performing Arts (Now the Tanghalang Pambansa) of the
Cultural Center of the Philippines. He designed the PICC or the Philippine
International Convention Center.
● Cesar Concio: first University Architect of the University of the Philippines.
● Angel Nakpil: Harvard-trained architect.
● Alfredo Luz: AJ Luz was at the cutting edge of Philippine modernism in the late
’50s and early ’60s. His body of work includes the WHO Building (Manila), the
Menzi Building (Makati), Fil-Oil Refinery Service Building (Limay, Bataan),
among others.
● Felipe Mendoza: he designed the chapel as well as two other FEU buildings.
Among his other significant works were Batasang Pambansa, The Church of Jesus
Christ of Latter-day Saints, Development Academy of the Philippines,
● Pablo Sebero Antonio (January 25 1901 – June 14 1975): His most notable art
is the design of the Far Eastern University main building, which was designed by
Pablo S Antonio and Nicolas Reyes.
● Jose Maria Velez Zaragoza: He designed Lady of the Holy Rosary in Tala
Caloocan, Santo Domingo Church, Villa San Miguel in Mandaluyong, Expansion
of Quiapo Church
● Ildefonso Paez Santos Jr: He designed Cultural Center of the Philippine
Complex, Ayala Center Formerly known as Makati Commercial Center, Bantog ng
mga Bayani, Manila Hotel, Old Nayon Pilipino, Paco Park,. Rizal Park,. Loyola
Memorial Park – Marikina, Burnham Park.
● Francisco “Bobby” Trongqued Menosa: He designed Coconut Palace, EDSA
Shrine,. Mary Immaculate Parish,. Pearl Farm,. Amanpulo Resort.

THINGS TO NOTE:

● Our Lady of EDSA: The artist of Our Lady of Edsa is Virginia Ty-Navarro, and it
was made in 1989. The Shrine of Mary, Queen of Peace, Our Lady of EDSA, or
 more popularly, the EDSA Shrine, is a small church of the Roman Catholic
Archdiocese of Manila
● Kamay ni Hesus Tomas Morato: Was designed by the late Florante Caedo, the
famed Filipino sculptor. The memorial was put up at the end of Quezon City’s
Tomas Morato Street, which also crosses Timog Avenue. This circular monuments
has 24 statues bearing the likenesses of the 24 delegates.
● Ifugao Sculpture: The bulol, or "Ifugao rice god," is a carved human figurine into
which a certain class of anito is said to incorporate itself when worshipped. Bulols
are kept in the house or granary, and are usually made in pairs. They are carved of
narra wood, which represents wealth, happiness, and well-being.
● Bonifacio Monument: Filipino sculptors came to be known in the middle of the
19th century. Classical Philippine sculpture reached its peak in the works of
Guillermo Tolentino (1890-1976). His best known masterpiece is the Bonifacio
Monument, which is a group sculpture composed of numerous figures massed
around a central obelisk.
● The Black Nazarene: The Black Nazarene (Spanish: El Nazareno Negro;
Filipino: Poóng Itím na Nazareno) is a life-sized image of a dark, genuflecting
image of Jesus Christ carrying the True Cross enshrined in Minor Basilica of the
Black Nazarene in Quiapo, Manila, Philippines.
● UP Oblation Statue: UP Oblation StatueThe Oblation is a concrete statue by
Philippine National Artist artist Guillermo Tolentino which serves as the iconic
symbol of the University of the Philippines.
● MacArthur Memorial Marker: The MacArthur Memorial Marker is a shrine
dedicated to US General Douglas MacArthur in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. The
structure features the "scrambled egg hat" of MacArthur.
● Comfort women Statue: Filipina Comfort Women was a statue publicly
displayed along Baywalk, Roxas Boulevard in Manila. Unveiled on December 8,
2017, and installed through the National Historical Commission of the Philippines
(NHCP) and other donors and foundations, it was dedicated to the Filipino
"comfort women", who worked in military brothels in World War II including
those who were coerced into doing so.

EGYPTIAN ARTS:

THINGS TO NOTE:
 ● · Nefertiti Bust by Thutmose: Nefertiti Bust is a sculptor stucco coated limestone bust
of Nefertiti produced by Thutmose in 1345 BC.
● · Tutankhamun’s mask: Tutankhamun's mask is the funerary mask of Tutankhamun
● · Great Sphinx of Giza: It depicts a mythical creature with the body of it similar to that
of lion and the head similar to human head.
● · The Great Pyramid: Monumental tombs for pharaohs.
● · Valley of Kings: It was part of the ancient city of Thebes and was the final resting
place of almost all the kings (pharaohs).

Sphinx's riddle: “What goes on four feet in the morning, two feet in midday, and three feet in the
evening?” ANSWER: Man

CHINESE ARTS:

THINGS TO NOTE:

● · Great wall of China: Longest and oldest wall on earth made for protection against
nomadic groups.
● · The Forbidden City: The Forbidden City served as the home of Chinese emperors
and their households and was the ceremonial and political center of the Chinese
government for over 500 years.

GREEK ARTS:

Mostly paintings sculptures and architecture

Painting Methods:

● Encaustic Painting: In fine art, the word "encaustic" describes both the paint and
painting technique which uses hot beeswax to bind color pigments and to facilitate their
application to a surface.
● Tempera Painting: Tempera (also called egg tempera) was a method of painting that
superseded the encaustic painting method, only to be itself replaced by oil painting.
● Fresco Painting: The art term Fresco (Italian for 'fresh') describes the method of painting
in which colour pigments are mixed solely with water (no binding agent used) and then
applied directly onto freshly laid lime-plaster ground (surface).

THINGS TO NOTE:
 ● Discobolus (The Discus Thrower) by Myron: This iconic sculpture depicts an athlete
throwing a discus and is considered a masterpiece of Greek art
● Parthenon sculptures by Phidias and his workshop: The Parthenon is a temple on the
Acropolis in Athens, and its sculptures are some of the most famous works of Greek art.
● Parthenon: The Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that
was dedicated to the goddess Athena during the fifth century BC.

KOREAN ARTS:

ARTS AND THEIR ARTIST:

· Inwang Jesaekdo by Jeong Seon

· Water Drops and Calligraphy by Kim Tschang-Yeul

· Interspace/Meditation by Lee Dong-Youb

THINGS TO NOTE:

· Minhwa: or folk paintings are by far the most interesting of the traditional Korean paintings.

· 1955-1969: A Golden Age for Korean Cinema

· Na Un-kyu's Arirang: Na, only 25 years old at the time, produced, directed and starred in
this film about a mentally unstable man who kills a wealthy landowner's son who is linked to
the Japanese police.

JAPANESE ARTS:

Origami: Art of folding paper

Bonsai: Art of growing trees in a miniature container.

Ikebana: Art of arranging flowers

THINGS TO NOTE:

● · "The Great Wave off Kanagawa" by Hokusai: This iconic ukiyo-e print depicts a
powerful wave looming over boats in the bay of Kanagawa, with Mount Fuji in the
 background. Its use of contrasting colors, intricate details, and dynamic composition
make it a masterpiece of Japanese art.
● Masu Box: The masu box is a traditional origami box that can be made from a single
sheet of paper. It has been used in Japan for centuries to hold rice, sake, and other goods.
● Crane: The origami crane is perhaps the most recognizable and popular origami model.
It is a symbol of hope and healing, and it is believed that making 1,000 cranes grants a
wish.
● Anime: Japanese animated films
● Manga: Japanese style comic

ROMAN ARTS:

Main art form is architecture

THE ARCHITECURAL ORDERS:

● Corinthians: Corinthian columns are the most ornate, slender and sleek of the three
Greek orders.
● Doric: The Doric order is characterized by a plain, unadorned column capital and a
column that rests directly on the stylobate of the temple without a base.
● Ionic: The Ionic order is notable for its graceful proportions, giving a more slender and
elegant profile than the Doric order.

THINGS TO NOTE:

ARCHITECTURE

● Pantheon “Temple of Gods”: Pantheon was to dedicate the temple to the pagan gods
venerated during the Classic age, especially to the protectors of Augustus' family. By
Agrippa
● Roman Colosseum: the emperor Vespasian intended the Colosseum to be an
entertainment venue, hosting gladiator fights, animal hunts, and even mock naval battles.
By Emperor Vespasian.
● Arch of Septomius Severus: The arch was dedicated by the Senate in 203 AD to the
emperor Septimius Severus and his sons Caracalla and Geta, in celebration of their two
military campaigns against the Parthians. By Septimius Severus.

MOSAIC:
 ● Dionysus: The Dionysus mosaic is the largest preserved mosaic found in excavations in
Dion. It shows the epiphany of the triumphant Dionysus. By Orpheus.
● Nike: To acknowledge nike, winged goddess of victory.
● Alexander: Traditionally the scene of the Alexander Mosaic is hold to represent the
turning-point at Issus when Darius fled the battle. By Philoxenus of Eretria

CORDILLERA AND MUSLIM ARTS

THINGS TO NOTE:

Primary Materials for the Cordillera is wood, bamboo, bronze, brass, and clay. They are
very decorative and ritualistic (bulol, bihang) group of people.

● · Bul-ul: are carved Anito figures of the Ifugaos. These represent their ancestral spirit
and granary gods. Considered the God of harvest. Male bulol is called Punholdayan and
his wife, Bugan in punholdayan.
● · Sarimanok: represents a fowl with wings, feathered tail, and a head decorated with
ornaments of scrolled and painted motif of leaves, spirals, and feather-like forms. It
usually stands on a fish and another one hangs from its beak. The most important quality
of the sarimnaok is its traditional form. The fact that it is always executed in the round
and never like the naga or niaga (dragon-like) motif.
● · Hagabi: upuang kahoy ng mga Ifugao na sumisimbolo sa panlipunang katayuan ng
isang mamamayan. Ito ang nagpapakita ng yaman at kapangyarihan ng may-ari nito na
kadalasan ay isang Kadanagyan o isang taong nabibilang sa mataas na antas sa lipunan.
● · Marano decorative art: one of the richest survivor of the Philippine pre-Spanish art
● · Panolong: a floorbeams of the houses project beyond the walls.
● · Manunggul Jar: is a national treasure of the Philippines. It is a secondary burial jar
that is designated item 64-MO-73 in the National Museum of the Philippines, Manila. It
was found by Robert Fox and Miguel Santiago.
● · leta – leta Cave, Langen Island, El Nido, Palawan was excavated in 1965 by Dr.
Robert Fox. Leta – leta Cave is an important burial site belonging to the Late Neolithic
Period where an assemblage of stone and shell artifacts associated with sophisticated
pottery and nephrite adzes and axes were recovered.
● · Kris, kampilan, barong, and gunong are example of early weapons in the Muslim
South.
● · Turugan: Ancestral home of a sultan or datu.
● · Craft Shells: Biswak
TWO EPIC POETRIES OF CORDILLERA

· Hudhud: The Hudhud is an oral epic chanted by the Ifugao community. It tells about wealth,
bravery, and beauty of women. It is a narrative of the feats of mythical heroes and heroines
who represent the best of Ifugao characters. One of which is Aliguyon, a brave warrior.

· Ullalim: The Ullalim are long ballads chanted either by men or women during feasts and
other social occasions such as peace pact assemblies. It expresses the hopes and aspirations,
the people's lifestyles, as well as their love lives.

PHYSICAL ORNAMENTS:

Physical ornamentation can be categorized to 3 areas specifically the use of traditional costume
(textile), jewelries, and tattoos

· Bontoc Warrior’s ritual Boaya: head hunting necklace: shell, boar tusk, rattan, fiberand
bone

· Bawisak earrings: These are traditional Ifugao tribe (Northern Luzon) bead and shell

WEAVING:

The Maranaos call their ornamental design okir

● Okir a datu (gentlemen’s design): the scroll is the dominant feature in the men’s work
and composed of various spiral form
● Okir a bay (ladies’ design): zigzag and angular form are dominating motifs
● Landap: The most popular of all the malong style.

B’laan: are one of the indigenous people of Southern Mindanao in the Philippines. They are
famous for their brass works, beadwork, and t’nalak weave.

Kalinga: They are called the “peacock of the north” because of their attention to appearance and
dressing. “kalinga” means enemy
T’boli: The T’boli distinguish themselves from other Tribal Groups by their colorful clothes,
bracelets, and earrings. This tribe is famous for their complicated beadwork, wonderful woven
fabrics and beautiful brass ornaments.

Bagobo: They are proud people with proto Malayan features. They have ornate traditions in
weaponry and other metal arts. These people also weave abaca cloths of earth tones and make
baskets that are trimmed with beads, fibers, and horse’s hair.

Cordilleran common woodcarving designs:

● Reptiles
● Pigs

Cordilleran common blanket and bamboo designs:

● Birds
● Fish
● Snakes
● Lizards
● Crabs
● Horses

The portrayal of human form is illustrated in various postures and degrees of abstraction found
mainly in Bondoc, Ifugao, Ibaloi artworks.

MUSIC:

● Pas-ing: 2 stringed instrument of the Apayaos

● Albon: rice drum, the sulibao a conical drum and the konlinga, a cylindrical drum
● Koleleng or bali-ing: nose flute
● Diwdiw-as: construction of thin bamboo pipes of different lengths tied together played
by moving the instrument across the mouth without touching the lips while blowing into
the open ends.
● Gansa and the bamboo buzzers called bilbil or bungkaka
● Bongabong: a pair of percussion sticks played to announce violent death

BIRTH TO CHILDHOOD MUSIC:

● · Owiwi: Kalinga lullabye that relate a child’s life

 ● · Dagdagay: song of Kalinga that foretells the baby’s future.
● · Oppiya: Kalinga song, sung while cradling
● · Kawyanna: Kalinga Infancy-related songs

LOVE OR COURTSHIP MUSIC:

● · Chag-ay: an expression of secret love of Bontoc

● · Oggayan: greeting and advice to newlyweds of Kalinga.

DEATH RITE:

● · Didiyaw: Song to a dead child of Bontoc

● · Sangsangit: a dirge of Isneg.

WORK OR OCCUPATIONAL:

● · Sowe-ey: Rice pounding song of Bontoc

● · Dakuyon: Kalinga song for hunting bats
● · Dinaweg: Ilongot song for catching wild boar
● · Owayat: song for gathering firewood of Ilongot.
● · Chey-assa: Bontoc rice pounding song sung in a group.

CEREMONIAL:

● · Kapya and Angba: song of Bontoc for curing ceremonies.

● · Dawak: song of Ilongot for curing ceremonies.

ENTERTAINMENT:

● · Hudhud: epic song of Ifugao, a leader chorus style

● · Alim: leader chorus style of music of Ifugao where groups of singers reply to 2 male
leaders.
● · Dang Dang-ay: Kalinga entertainment song

MUSLIM MUSIC:

● Serogaganding: two stringed zither

● Kudyapi or boat lute: is the most popular stringed instrument among Maguindanao and
Maranao. It has 2 metal strings, which are raised on small bridged.
● Gamelan: ensemble variety of gongs
 ● Agunay: gong with boss made of brass. It may be alone or found in set suspended from
frame in rows. Gives off a think muffled sound
● Babandir: made of thin bronze, wide rimmed and big bossed. Because of the fineness of
the bronze of which it is made, it sounds very resonant but low when beaten.
● Gandingan: has low and thick sound. Made of brass and often big but narrowridged.
● Kulintang or brass xylophone: row of 7 or 8 gradually pitched gongs set horizontally on
designed wooden framework.
● Gabbing: sulu and yakan version of xylophone, series of bamboo slate nailed on wood.
Played by striking the slate with rubber covered hammer.
● Dabakan: single – headed drum, primarily used as supportive instrument in the
Kulintang ensemble
● Kubig: jaw harp.
● Palendeng: lip valley flute
● Sahunay: pipe with reed
● Suling: ring flute
● Tumpung: chip on tube flute

Muslim Groups:

● · Tausug
● · Maranao
● · Maguindanao
● · Samal
● · Yakan
● · Sanggil
● · Badjao
● · Molbog
● · Jama Mapun

MARANAO BRASS ARTS:

Brass art seems to take place of pottery for Maranaos for even their cooking pot, the kodom is
made of brass.

● Kabua and gadua: jar like containers with covers

● Langguay: coverless container with decorated rims
● Kendi: ornamented teapot Salapa and lutuan – both associated with the betel-nut chewing
common among Muslim Filipinos
● Talam: gorgeous tray often use as modern table top or wall decoration
● Gadur: Brass jars
MUSLIM CARVINGS:

Sulu artist use both wood and coral stoned to carve arabesque design.

Popular materials used by Muslim are:

● · Wood
● · Brass
● · Cloth

Instrument for carvings include:

● · axe (kapa)
● · planes(katan)
● · gauge (songa)
● · knife(lahot)
● · For simple carvings, sometimes only chisel and knife are used

CORDILLERA DANCES:

· Apayao Courtship Dance: This is a type of courtship dance in which the performers mimic a
bird mating. This is classified under Igorot Dance and they are performed by couples.

· Ballangbang Dance: Balabang Dance is performed during special occasions such as

wedding, reunion, family gathering, birthday, and to pray for the fast recovery of a person
suffering from any type of illness. The performance must include men playing gong, and
women performing the dance. Unlike any other type of dance, Ballangbang is a type of dance
in which there is no limit for dancers, and it is much better if everyone joins.

· Sakuting: The Sakuting dance, which was introduced by Spanish missionaries as a religious
ritual, depicts this conflict between lowland Christians and non-Christian Mountain people.
However, the origins of Sakuting appear to be much older.

· Bendayan: The Bendayan, which was traditionally known as a dance performed to celebrate
the successful return of headhunters, has taken on a new face.

· Banga: This dance illustrate the languid grace of a tribe otherwise known as fierce warriors.

· Palakis: The Palakis is a courtship dance that originated in Western Bontoc that is most often
performed during weddings and festivals, especially the begnas, a community celebration of
planting and of harvest.
· Idaw: A Bontoc dance symbolizing a war ceremony

· Bumayah Dance: Ifugao thanksgiving dance to the Kabunian god.

· Bontoc Boogie: It is derived from the western boogie dance and performed with gongs
played in a fast rhythm. A male and female pair dance using bold marching steps.

· Eagle Dance: The beat for the eagle dance is very fast and so are the movements of the
dancers.