A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

AT

SAMMYA NIGERIA LIMITED

BY

HAMMED MOYOSORE PRECIOUS

2210610040

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

OSUN STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,

ESA-OKE

MARCH, 2024
 ABSTRACT

This Technical report presents the experience and summary of my industrial attachment
undertaken at Sammya Nigeria Limited. The training covers a period of three months,
2023/2024. This report discusses the technical skill gained during the training period
and justifying the relevance of the scheme in equipping students with the needed
technical competence to thrive in the real world.
 CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the industrial work experience scheme’s report written by HAMMED
MOYOSORE PRECIOUS., Matric No. 2220610040 of the Department of Civil Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke.

……………………………………. …………………………………..
HAMMED MOYOSORE PRECIOUS Signature & Date
Students

……………………………………. …………………………………..
DR. ADEYOKUNU A.T Signature & Date
Supervisor

…………………………………..………... …………………………………
ENGR. ADEYEOLUWA ADEFIOYE B Signature & Date
Head of Department

……………………………………… …………………………………..
Siwes Coordinator Signature & Date
 DEDICATION
This report is dedicated to Almighty God, the omnipotent, the omniscience, the beginning and
the end, the unchangeable changer, the giver of knowledge and wisdom, who give me the
inspiration, and He sustained my life starting from the beginning of my SIWES till the end,
and I also dedicate this report to my beloved parent Mr. and Mrs. HAMMED, and to the
completion of the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES).
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Glory be to Almighty God, the creator, the one who guide me to the righteous path, the
protector of mankind that granted me the completion of my training. If God did not build the
house the labourer works in vain.
Firstly, I wish to acknowledge my lovely parent MR and MRS. HAMMED for their rigid
support of all time.
Let’s be grateful to the shoulder that disallowed the fall of cloth. I won’t ever forget the great
love, care support and many positive benefit that I’ve received from my family as long as I
live, I’ll always be grateful to you. God bless you all
In addition to this, I must not fail to thank my lovely father Mr. Hammed Immeasurable.
 TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Abstract
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
History of SIWES
Components and Compositions of Siwes
Objectives of the scheme
Safety rule and regulations
CHAPTER TWO
Borrow Pit
Extraction of Asphalt
Compressing strength machine
AIV and ACV
BITUMEN Extraction
Sieve Analysis test
CHAPTER THREE
Excavation
Types of Excavation
Common Excavation Hazards
Levelling
Field procedure for Levelling
CHAPTER FOUR
Work done
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and Recommendation
 CHAPTER ONE
INTROUCTION
1.1 HISTORY OF SIWES
Student industrial working scheme (SIWES) was established by industrial
training fund (ITF) in the year 1973 to serve the problem of lack of adequate
practical skills preparatory for employment in industries by Nigeria tertiary
institution graduates.
The scheme educate student on industrial base skill essential for a smooth
transition from classroom to world of work. Student of tertiary institution is given
the opportunity of being familiarized and exposed to needed experience in
handing machinery and equipment which are usually not available in the
educational institution.
Partaking in SIWES industrial training has become a crucial pre-condition for the
award of diploma and degree certificate in specific disciplines in most institution
of higher learning in Nigeria in tie with the Government education polices. The
operation, The ITF, the coordinating agencies (NUC, NCCE, NBTE) employer
of labour and various institution funding is from the purse of the federal
Government of Nigeria. Beneficiaries are under graduate student of the following
disciplines: Natural Science, Engineering and Technology, Education,
Agriculture, Medical science, Environmental and pure and applied science
duration is four months and one year for polytechnics and colleges of education
respectively and of six months for the universities.

1.2 COMPONENT AND COMPOSITION OF SIWES

The main operators of SIWES are the Industrial Training Fund (ITF), Nigeria
University Commission (NUC), NBTE, NCCE and labour workers in the
institution.
The Federal Government of Nigeria is responsible for the funding of SIWES in
Federal and State tertiary institution in Nigeria.
An approximate of students participating in SIWES from Nigerian Universities,
polytechnics and colleges of Education is about 78,000 annually and the
beneficiaries are undergraduates of faculties of Technology/ Engineering,
Agriculture, Environmental Design and Management Sciences, Education,
Pharmacy and Basic Medical Sciences.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE SCHEME

Provide avenues for student to acquire industrial skill for experience during their
course of study.
Expose student to work method and techniques in handing equipment and
machines that may not be available in their respective institutions.
Prepare students with the opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in
real work situation, thereby bring the gaps in real work situation, there by
bringing the gaps between theories for practices.
To make the transmission from the schooling to world of work easier through
enhancing student contact for late job placement.

1.4 Safety rules and regulations

There are some safety rule and regulation that are observed in the company so as
to ensure works are carried out in orderly manner.

Below are the DO’S and DON’T

Do not play in the workshop to avoid accident
All workers (staff) are expected to put on their overall, safety shoes, hamlet and
hand gloves
Proper cleaning of working environment and machineries should be done every
morning before resuming work.
All staff is expected to be in the various departments before 8:00am lateness is
not tolerated e.t.c.
 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 BORROW PIT

What is a Borrow Pit? A term used in construction/civil engineering that
describes an area created to remove earthen material from, which will be used for
fill at another location.

Borrow Pit Method

It is also called the unit-area method. into equal squares of sides 20,50, or a 100
ft. Elevations are then measured at the corners of the grid, which are given titles
that correspond to the coordinates of the corner in the grid, ex: 3-D, 4-A,..
Advantages of borrow pit
Borrow pits may be used for water retention, i.e., direct storage of runoff water.
In such cases they should have relatively impermeable beds to prevent the stored
from water leaking away. Borrow pits can also be used as infiltration ponds.
As an open structure, there are three main dangers:
People, especially children, and animals may fall into the borrow pit.
The water may become contaminated and a source for mosquito breeding.
The water from the borrow pit may become unsafe for consumption.
2.1 ASPHALT & BITUMEN EXTRACTION
The three major test methods, solvent extraction, nuclear asphalt content gauge
and ignition furnace are discussed here. Each method offers a way to determine
asphalt content and aggregate gradation from an HMA sample.
Extraction Process Of Asphalt
Solvent extraction, the oldest of the three test methods, uses a chemical solvent
(trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane or methylene chloride) to remove the
asphalt binder from the aggregate. Typically, a loose HMA sample is weighed
and then a solvent is added to disintegrate the sample.
Bitumen Extraction
Large shovels scoop oil sand into haul trucks that transport it to crushers where
large clumps are broken down. The oil sand is then mixed with hot water and
pumped by pipeline to a plant called an upgrader, where the bitumen (oil) is
separated from the other components such as sand, clay and water.
2.2 COMPRESSING STRENGTH MACHINE
The CTM machine is used in construction industries to test the quality of
concrete. The compressive strength of concrete is determined by testing concrete
cubes or cylinders using the CTM machine. The CTM machine can also be used
to test the compressive strength of other materials such as bricks, rocks, and
metals.
Measure Compression Strength
Compressive strength is measured by breaking cylindrical concrete specimens in
a compression-testing machine. Compressive strength is calculated from the
failure load divided by the cross-sectional area resisting the load and reported in
units of pound-force per square inch (psi) or megapascals (MPa).
Tool Used To Measure Compression
Compression platens are used to perform compression tests on a wide range of
materials and components. When installed in a universal testing machine they
allow a variety of tests to be performed to determine properties such as
compression modulus, compression strength, and compression yield strength.
The different types of compression testing are listed and discussed below:
 Flexure/Bend. Flexure, also known as bending, is a type of compression
test that is used to measure the strength and stiffness of a material under a
bending load.
 Spring Testing.
 Top-load/Crush.
2.3 AIV and ACV
The generalized improvement of the mechanical properties has been substantiated
by the formation, between aggregate and paste, of a slightly porous interfacial
Difference Between AIV and ACV
Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) test indicates the toughness of aggregates. It is
measured as percentage of aggregates passing through 2.36 mm IS sieve to the
weight of aggregates taken. Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) test indicates the
resistance to crushing under gradually applied crushing load.
ACV in aggregate
The Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) Test Set measures how resistant an
aggregate is, when being crushed under a gradually applied compressive load.
Each set consists of steel cylinder, plunger, base plate, cylindrical measure and
tamping rod.
Types of AIV
Avian influenza A viruses are classified into the following two categories: low
pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) A viruses, and highly pathogenic avian
influenza (HPAI) A viruses.
AIV Engineer
AIV Engineer (Assembly, Integration and Verification Engineer) in the Test
Support Section. Our Section belongs to the Test Centre Division and is part of
the Mechanical Department in the Directorate of Technology, Engineering and
Quality (TEC).

2.4 BITUMEN EXTRACTION

Bitumen extraction. In the roadworks sector, extraction is an operation that
consists of separating the bituminous binder from the mineral matter in an asphalt
mixture or reclaimed asphalt pavement using a solvent.
Purpose Of Bitumen Extraction Test
The bitumen extraction test is a procedure to determine the percentage of bitumen
content in asphaltic pavements through cold solvent extraction.
Two Tests For Bitumen
Bitumen Tests- Flash and Fire Point Test
At high temperatures depending upon the grades of bitumen, materials leave out
volatiles. And these volatiles catches fire which is very hazardous and therefore
it is essential to qualify this temperature for each bitumen grade.
Difference Between Tar And Bitumen
bitumen is primarily derived from crude oil and is commonly used in construction
and road applications, while tar is produced by the heating of organic materials
and has had a variety of historical uses, including as a waterproofing agent.
Uses of Bitumen
Bitumen (sometimes referred to as asphalt or tar) is a specialist fuel grade that
can be used in applications such as road surfacing, roofing and certain types of
paint. It is a unique form of petroleum that we could not live without.
Where Bitumen is found in Nigeria
In Nigeria, Bitumen is found across Lagos, Ogun, Ondo and Edo States.
Geologists and engineers predict that Nigeria would use similar methods to
extract bitumen as Canada, as the reserves are geologically similar. – Rock: A
layer of rock normally sits below the oil sands, most commonly limestone or
granite.

2.5 SIEVE ANALYSIS TEST

Sieve analysis is a method that is used to determine the grain size distribution of
soils that are greater than 0.075 mm in diameter. It is usually performed for sand
and gravel but cannot be used as the sole method for determining the grain size
distribution of finer soil.
Steps Of Sieve Analysis
Principles and Procedures of Sieving Analysis | Agg-Net
Step 1: Take a representative oven-dried sample that weighs approximately 500g.
Step 2: If particles are lumped or conglomerated, crush the lumps but not the
particles using the pestle and mortar. Step 3: Determine the mass of sample
accurately – Weight (g). Step 4: Prepare a stack of test sieves.
Principle Of Sieve Analysis
What is the principle of sieving? A mixture of particles of various sizes is sieved
by passing it through a sieve or screen. The sieve retains the larger particles while
allowing the smaller ones to pass through its pores.
Apparatus Used For Sieve Analysis
Sieve shakers have been used to conduct test sieve analysis since the 1930s and
have been written to dozens of industry standards as a reliable particle analysis
tool.
Purpose Of Sieve
A sieve, fine mesh strainer, or sift, is a tool used for separating wanted elements
from unwanted material or for controlling the particle size distribution of a
sample, using a screen such as a woven mesh or net or perforated sheet material.
Disadvantages Of Sieve Analysis
Sieving cannot be used to separate mixtures with identical sizes of particles.
Applying force during sieving can also cause a breakup of mixture particles, thus
rendering it inefficient for filtering brittle particles. Sieving can be used for
filtering only dry particles as a sieve cannot separate wet particles.
Advantages Of Sieve Analysis
The advantages of sieve analysis include low investment costs, easy handling,
precise and reproducible results in a relatively short time and the ability to
separate the particle size fractions. Therefore, this method is commonly used
instead of methods using laser light or image processing.
Factors Affecting Sieve Analysis
Particle size, roughness, and cohesion affected the size-based separation in sieves
with smaller openings. The model simulation results for the percent mass retained
on the screens and the sieve blinding time were comparable with the experimental
results.
Precautions Should Be Taken During Sieve Analysis
Precautions: Clean the sieves set so that no soil particles were struck in them •
While weighing put the sieve with soil sample on the balance in a concentric
position. Check the electric connection of the sieve shaker before conducting the
test. No particle of soil sample shall be pushed through the sieves.
 CHAPTER THREE
3.0 EXCAVATION

This is the act or process of digging, especially when something specific is being
removed from the ground. Archaeologists use excavation to find artifacts and
fossils.

3.1 TYPE OF EXCAVATION

Basement excavation

A basement is part of a building that is either partially or completely below

ground level. For more information, see Basement excavation.

Road excavation

This typically involves stripping topsoil and cut-and-fill to create the required
levels. For more information, see Road construction.

Bridge excavation

This typically involves the removal of material for the footings and abutments of
bridges. The work may be subdivided into wet, dry and rock excavation.
Underwater excavations may require special methods of drill and blast. For more
information, see Bridge construction.

2.5 What Are The Common Excavation Hazards?

The following are the specific hazards associated with excavations:

 Side collapse
 Materials falling on workers in the excavation
 People and/or vehicles falling into the excavation
 Workers being struck by the plant
 Specialist equipment such as pneumatic drills
 Influx of surface water and entrapment in silt or mud
  Proximity of stored materials, waste mammoths

General hazards such as manual handling, electricity, noise, and vibrations will
be present in addition to these technological hazards.

3.4 Steps taking in Excavation

Step 1: Context – Create a grid on the surface area of the site using a ruler, string,
and stakes (to anchor string). 1 inch/1 foot = 1 cm
Step 2: Dig – Be careful not to damage anything that is uncovered. At this time
do not remove any artifacts or eco-facts. Begin by carefully brushing away soil
from items.
Record – Create a map of the site using the cm graph paper. Draw a picture of
each item found at the site on the grid.
Record – Each step should be recorded as the excavation is conducted.
Step 3: Removal – After completing step 1 & 2 ask the teacher for clearance to
continue. Carefully remove artifacts and eco-facts from the site.
Step 4: Classify – Observe all of the items found at the site. Create headings and
classify all artifacts and eco-facts into groups of objects with like characteristics.
Step 5: Date – date the findings. Using the paper sample of the projectile
point from the dig site compare it to the chart provided by the teacher to date the
site.
Step 6: Research – Research the findings.
Identify the time period and begin research.
Include information about daily life, diet, play, work, weapons,
religion, homes, mounds, and special interests.
Step 7: Write – Write the informational essay and prepare the group
presentation.
Include a title page and a bibliography page.
Step 8: Presentation – Present the group presentation.
 Students use a content map/graphic organizer to take notes of student
presentations.
Presentations should be approximately 15 minutes in length.

3.5 How Excavation Process Work

1. Setting corner benchmarks.
2. Surveying ground and top levels.
3. Excavation to the approved depth.
4. Dressing the loose soil.
5. Marking up the cut off level.
6. The construction of dewatering wells and interconnecting trenches.
7. Marking the boundaries of the building.

3.6 Step taking in leveling

1. Set up the leveling instrument at Level position1.
2. Hold the staff on the Datum (RL+50 m) and take a reading. This will be a back
sight, because it is the first staff reading after the leveling instrument has been set
up.
3. Move the staff to A and take a reading. This will be an intermediate sight.
4. Move the staff to B and take a reading. This also will be an intermediate sight.
5. Move the staff to C and take a reading. This will be another intermediate sight.
6. Move the staff to D and take a reading. This will be a foresight; because after
this reading the level will be moved. (A change plate should be placed on the
ground to maintain the same level)
7. The distance between the stations should be measured and recorded in the field
book (see Table 1)
8. Set up the level at Level position 2 and leave the staff at D on the change plate.
Turn the staff so that it faces the level and take a reading. This will be a back
sight.
9. Move the staff to E and take a reading. This will be an intermediate sight.
10. Move the staff to F and take a reading. This will be a foresight; because after
taking this reading the level will be moved.
11. Now move the level to Leveling position 3 and leave the staff at F on the
change plate.
Now repeat the steps describe 8 to 10 until you finished at point J.

3.7 Field procedures for leveling

All staff readings should be recorded in the field book. To eliminate errors
resulting from any line of sight (or collimation) back sights and foresights should
be equal in distance.
Length of sight should be kept less than 100 meters. Always commence and finish
a level run on a known datum or benchmark and close the level traverse; this
enables the level run to be checked.
 CHAPTER FOUR

WORKDONE
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION

My three month training at SAMMYA NIGERIA LIMITED was a huge success

and a great time of acquisition of knowledge and skills. Through my training I
was able to appreciate my chosen of study eaten, because I had the opportunity
to blend the theoretical knowledge acquired from school with practical hand-on
application of knowledge gained here to perform important tasks that contributed
in a way to my productivity in the company
My training have given me a border view to the importance and relevance of Civil
Engineering in the immediate society and the world as a whole, as I now look
forward to impacting it positively after graduation. I have also been able to
appreciate the connection between my course between my course of study and
other disciplines in producing a successful result.

5.1 RECOMMENDATION
I use this means to make the following recommendation concerning the training
of students in industry attachments.
I would like to recommend that allowance should paid to student during their
programme just like National Youth Service Corp (NYSC) and not after this
would help them handle some financial problems during their training course.
I would also like to recommend that the curriculum in The Osun State College of
Technology be adjusted in order to provide going on industrial attachment for a
large period of time instead of 4 months.
The institution should urge the companies to allow the student to carry out what
was taught to gain more knowledge.