Test-1 - Ans

DC- Test-1 Solution
Q.1 A]
a) ________ defines how a particular pattern to be interpreted, and what action is to be
taken based on that interpretation.
a) Semantics b) Syntax c) Timing d) protocol
b) Which layer of the OSI model provides connectivity and path selection between two end
systems?
a) Physical layer b) Data link layer c) Network layer d) Transport layer
c) If the bandwidth of a signal is 5 KHz and the lowest frequency is 52 KHz, what is the
highest frequency?
a) 5 KHz b) 10 KHz c) 47KHz d) 57 KHz
d) A sine wave is ________.

a) periodic and continuous c) aperiodic and continuous
b) periodic and discrete d) aperiodic and discrete
e) Baseband transmission of a digital signal is possible only if we have a ____ channel.

a) low-pass b) bandpass c) low rate d) high rate
f) A ________ conection provides a dedicated link between two devices.

a) primary b) multipoint c) point-to-point d) secondary
g) Which organization has authority over interstate and international commerce in the
communications field?
a) FCC b) IEEE c) ITU-T d) ISOC
h) For a ______ channel, the Nyquist bit rate formula defines the theoretical maximum bit
rate.
a) low-pass b) bandpass c) noisy d) noiseless
i) _______ is a type of transmission impairment in which an outside source such as

crosstalk corrupts a signal.
a) Noise b) Distortion c) Attenuation d) Decibel
j) For a _______ channel, we need to use the Shannon capacity to find the maximum bit
rate.
a) noiseless b) noisy c) low-pass d) bandpass
B] With the characteristics define data communication and explain their components.
Ans Data communications are the exchange of data between two devices via some
form of transmission medium such as a wire cable.
Characteristics: delivery, accuracy, timeliness, and jitter.
Delivery. The system must deliver data to the correct destination.
Accuracy. The system must deliver the data accurately.
Timeliness. The system must deliver data in a timely manner.
Jitter. Jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time.
A data communications system has five components:
Message. The message is the information (data) to be communicated. Popular

forms of information include text, numbers, pictures, audio, and video.
Sender. The sender is the device that sends the data message. It can be a computer,
workstation, telephone handset, video camera, and so on.
Receiver. The receiver is the device that receives the message. It can be a computer,
workstation, telephone handset, television, and so on.
Transmission medium. The transmission medium is the physical path by which
a message travels from sender to receiver. Ex. twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-
optic cable, and radio waves.
Protocol. A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. It represents an
agreement between the communicating devices.
C] If a periodic signal is decomposed into five sine waves with frequencies of 100, 300,
500, 700, and 900 Hz, what is the bandwidth? Draw the frequency spectrum, assuming
all components have maximum amplitude of 10 V.
Ans • B = fh - f l = 900 - 100 = 800 Hz

The spectrum has only five spikes, at 100, 300, 500, 700, and 900
Q. 2 A] What is the difference between a port address, a logical address, a physical address and
a specific address in terms of their size, which layer they are used ? [4]
TCP/IP Layer Addressing Used

Ans
Application layer Specific address
Transport layer Port address
Network or Internet Layer Logical address
Data link layer/Physical
Physical address
layer
Physical address : Most local area networks use a 48-bit (6-byte) physical address
written as 12 hexadecimal digits; every byte (2 hexadecimal digits) is separated by a
colon, as shown below
07:01:02:01:2C:4B
Logical address : The logical address is also called as the IP (Internet Protocol)
address. Every protocol involved in internetwork requires IP address.The logical address
used in internet is currently a 32-bit address.
Port address: The label assigned to a process is called as a port address. It is a 16 bit
address.
Specific address: Some applications have user friendly address. The examples of
specific address are the e-mail addresses or the University Resource Locators (URL).
Examples include the e-mail address (for example, [email protected]) and
the Universal Resource Locator (URL) (for example, www.gmail.com).
B] a) Draw the graph of the NRZ-L scheme for data stream 01010101, assuming that the
last signal level has been positive.
b) Draw the graph of the Manchester scheme for data stream 00110011, assuming that
the last signal level has been positive.
c) Draw the graph of the Differential Manchester scheme scheme for data stream
01010101, assuming that the last signal level has been positive.
d) Draw the graph of the Pseudoternary scheme for data stream 01001100011,
assuming that the last signal level has been positive.
e) Draw the graph of the AMI scheme for data stream 01001100011, assuming that the
f) Draw the graph of the NRZ-I scheme for data stream 00110011, assuming that the
Q C Match the following to one of the seven OSI layer [3]

a. Format and code conversion services
b. Establishes, manages, and terminates sessions
c. Ensures reliable transmission of data
d. Log-in and log-out procedures
e. Provides independence from differences in data representation
f. Synchronization of users
a. Presentation (6)
Ans
b. Session (5)
c. Transport (4)
d. Application (7)
e. Presentation (6)
f. Application (7)

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DC- Test-1 Solution

d) A sine wave is ________.

e) Baseband transmission of a digital signal is possible only if we have a ____ channel.

f) A ________ conection provides a dedicated link between two devices.

i) _______ is a type of transmission impairment in which an outside source such as

Message. The message is the information (data) to be communicated. Popular

Ans • B = fh - f l = 900 - 100 = 800 Hz

TCP/IP Layer Addressing Used

Q C Match the following to one of the seven OSI layer [3]

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