Pathophysiology Final

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Modifiable:
Non-Modifiable:
• Sedentary Lifestyle
• Age: 54 y/o
• Diet
• Gender: Male
• Excessive Alcohol
• Family Hx: HCVD
Consumption
• Past Hx: HPN – non
• Smoking
compliant to
• No medications
medications
HYPERTENSION
Legend:
Risk Factors Due to HPN is left unaddressed,

it might be able to progresses to
Disease Process
HCVD (Hypertensive
S/Sx Cardiovascular Disease)
Lab Findings
Medical Mgmt. Straining within vessel walls including

the brain’s blood vessels
Pharmacologic
Diagnostic
Findings Damages the endothelial tissues in

the blood vessel walls
Good Outcome
Bad Outcome
Blood vessel wall rupture/blockage

due to overtime uncontrolled HPN
Rupture of blood vessels Vascular occlusion
Cerebral blood flow

Intracerebral Hemorrhage
oxygen and nutrients
Hematoma formation
Inflammation
Cellular Metabolism
of frontal lobe Alteration in the Dysfunction
cerebral
component
ATP Production
Increase ICP Alteration of cell membranes
Cell Necrosis and Apoptosis
Build-up of death tissues/cells

36
Inflammation
ACVD BLEED
Compression of blood vessels
and surrounding tissue
damages Blood-Brain Barrier
• Intense headache - some

Permeability of damage BBB
people describe it as the worst
headache they've ever had
• Confusion
Infiltration by peripheral
• Nausea or throwing up
immune cells
• Sensitivity to light
• Problems with vision
immune cells release
inflammation
Inflammation of Brain tissue
Ischemic Stroke
• Sudden numbness or weakness of

your face, arm, or leg, often on one
side of the body
• Confusion
• Problems speaking or understanding
others
• Dizziness, loss of balance or
coordination, or trouble walking
• Vision loss or double vision
Seizure
Laboratory Results (Abnormal Findings):

Hematology
WBC count 27.86 x10^9/L

MCV 30 fL
MCH 33 Pg
MCHC 33.7 g/dL
Segmenters 88.37 %
Lymphocytes 4.28 %
Monocytes 6.48 %
Eosinophils 0.48
Electrolytes
Potassium 37 2.78 mmol/L

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Independent Dependent Collaborative
• Monitored V/S • Administer Oxygen (Hooked to • Obtained and monitored
- BP: 180/120 Mechanical Ventilator) physiological parameters
mmhg • Administer prescribed (Laboratory results)
- HR: 69 bpm medications
- RR: 20 cpm • Intubated with size 7, Lip level
- Temp: 37.6 22
degree Celsius
- O2Sat: 98%
• Noted oxygen
saturation readings
(SAO2)
• Neurological status;
level of alertness – GCS Pharmacologic: Diagnostic Tests:
(Glasgow Coma Scale 3)
• Mannitol • Electrocardiogram
• Monitored Fluid I/O
- PNSS 950cc at 22 • Dexamethasone • Serum Lipids
gtts/min • Losartan • CT Scan
- KCl 320cc at 5 • Amplodipine • MRI
gtts/min • Clonidine • Cerebral Angiopathy
• Assessed NGT open • Diazepam
to drain with • Paracetamol
moderate coffee
• Human Regular Insulin
brown drainage
• Piperacillin +
• Measured Foley
Catheter attached to Tazobactam
urobag w/ urine of • Acetylcysteine
500cc • Salbutamol
• Provided suction
from retained
secretions
• Provided Stomach
irrigation (Lavage)
Good Outcome:
Good Outcome:
• BP and Temp fails to decrease within
• BP and Temp decreases within
normal range
normal range
• Abnormal Laboratory results fails to
• Abnormal Laboratory results
return within normal range
return within normal range
• Pain remains or worsen
• Improve mobility.
• Failed to acquire self-care.
• Responsive
• Failed to relief of sensory and
• Pain alleviated
perceptual deprivation.
• Achievement of self-care.
• Remains confused.
• Relief of sensory and
• Problem speaking or understanding
perceptual deprivation.
• Complications of newly dx diabetes
• Improved thought processes.
persists or progresses
• Achieving a form of
communication.
• Prevents complications of
Complications:
newly dx diabetes
• Brain Edema
• Hemorrhagic Transformation
• Treatment Satisfaction • Pneumonia
• Absence of complications • UTI
• Maintained V/S and Laboratory • Pressure Ulcers
results within normal range
• DVT/Pulmonary Embolism
• Comatose
• Brain Death
• Diabetes Ketoacidosis
Discharged
38
DEATH

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Risk Factors Due to HPN is left unaddressed,

Medical Mgmt. Straining within vessel walls including

Findings Damages the endothelial tissues in

Blood vessel wall rupture/blockage

Rupture of blood vessels Vascular occlusion

Cerebral blood flow

Increase ICP Alteration of cell membranes

Cell Necrosis and Apoptosis

Build-up of death tissues/cells

• Intense headache - some

Inflammation of Brain tissue

• Sudden numbness or weakness of

Laboratory Results (Abnormal Findings):

WBC count 27.86 x10^9/L

Potassium 37 2.78 mmol/L

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