Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 16 views

    Cysts

    Uploaded by

    akoeljames8543
    This document defines cysts and outlines their pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, and management. Cysts are abnormal tissue pockets with enclosed matter, consisting of a cyst wall and lumen containing fluid or semisolid contents. They can form due to embryonic remnants, duct obstructions, degeneration, infections, or neoplasms. Cysts are classified based on contents, origin, presence of a lining, and benign vs malignant nature. Clinical features vary depending on cyst size, location, and complications. Management involves imaging, biopsy, and treatments ranging from observation to surgery or chemotherapy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Cysts

    Uploaded by

    akoeljames8543
    16 views16 pages
    This document defines cysts and outlines their pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, and management. Cysts are abnormal tissue pockets with enclosed matter, consisting of a cyst wall and lumen containing fluid or semisolid contents. They can form due to embryonic remnants, duct obstructions, degeneration, infections, or neoplasms. Cysts are classified based on contents, origin, presence of a lining, and benign vs malignant nature. Clinical features vary depending on cyst size, location, and complications. Management involves imaging, biopsy, and treatments ranging from observation to surgery or chemotherapy.

    Original Description:

    General pathology

    Original Title

    6. Cysts

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document defines cysts and outlines their pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, and management. Cysts are abnormal tissue pockets with enclosed matter, consisting of a cyst wall and lumen containing fluid or semisolid contents. They can form due to embryonic remnants, duct obstructions, degeneration, infections, or neoplasms. Cysts are classified based on contents, origin, presence of a lining, and benign vs malignant nature. Clinical features vary depending on cyst size, location, and complications. Management involves imaging, biopsy, and treatments ranging from observation to surgery or chemotherapy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views16 pages

    Cysts

    Uploaded by

    akoeljames8543
    This document defines cysts and outlines their pathogenesis, classification, clinical manifestations, and management. Cysts are abnormal tissue pockets with enclosed matter, consisting of a cyst wall and lumen containing fluid or semisolid contents. They can form due to embryonic remnants, duct obstructions, degeneration, infections, or neoplasms. Cysts are classified based on contents, origin, presence of a lining, and benign vs malignant nature. Clinical features vary depending on cyst size, location, and complications. Management involves imaging, biopsy, and treatments ranging from observation to surgery or chemotherapy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    CYSTS

    Dr Mbayah J. Etabale
    Anatomical Pathologist and Lecturer of Pathology
    Department of Pathology
    Maseno University
    2

    OUTLINE
    • Introduction
    • Pathogenesis of cysts
    • Classification of cysts
    • Clinical manifestations of cysts
    • Management of cysts

    Cysts
    3

    OBJECTIVES
    • Define a cyst
    • State the components of a cyst
    • Classify cysts giving an example of each
    • Describe the possible managements of various cysts

    Cysts
    4

    INTRODUCTION
    • An abnormal tissue pocket with enclosed matter
    • Two main parts
    • Cyst wall
    • Composed of connective tissue
    • Supports the cyst
    • May have specialised lining cells on the luminal aspect
    • Lumen
    • Aka locule
    • Cavity containing cyst contents
    • Cyst contents may be gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid
    • A cyst may have several locules (multiloculated)

    Cysts
    5

    INTRODUCTION

    Cysts
    6

    PATHOGENESIS
    1. Persistence of embryonal visci in which material accumulates
    2. Obstruction / obliteration of ducts or duct-like communications
    3. Tissue degeneration with residual cavity spaces
    4. Infections
    5. Necrotising inflammation
    6. Neoplastic proliferation of lining cells, especially glandular epithelia

    Cysts
    7

    CLASSIFICATION OF CYSTS
    • Cysts may be classified in many ways:
    1. Nature of cyst contents
    2. Developmental vs acquired
    3. True cysts vs pseudocysts
    4. Neoplastic vs non-neoplastic
    5. Benign vs malignant

    Cysts
    8

    NATURE OF CYST CONTENTS


    • A cyst may be characterised by the
    nature of its contents
    • Haemorrhagic cyst
    • Serous cyst
    • Mucus / mucinous cyst
    • Colloid cyst
    • Complex cyst

    Endometriotic Cyst

    Cysts
    9

    DEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS
    • These cysts arise from aberrant embryogenesis
    • Examples include:
    • Thyroglossal duct cyst
    • Duplication cysts of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

    Cysts Source: osmosis.org Source: healthjade.net


    10

    TRUE CYSTS VS PSEUDOCYST


    • Cysts can be classified based on the type of cell that lines the lumen
    • Cysts containing specialised lining cells are true cysts
    • These cells may be epithelial or mesenchymal
    • An example is cutaneous epidermoid cyst
    • Cysts that lack specialised lining cells are false cysts / pseudocysts
    • The lining surface is a continuation of the connective tissue wall
    • An example ganglion cyst

    Cysts
    11

    TRUE CYSTS VS PSEUDOCYST

    Epidermoid Cyst Ganglion Cyst


    Source: Rosai and Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology, 11e

    Cysts
    12

    TRUE CYSTS VS PSEUDOCYST


    Echinococcus granulosus

    Source: radiologykey.com Source: britannica.com Source: mcdinternational.org

    Cysts
    13

    NEOPLASTIC CYSTS
    • These cysts are caused by neoplastic proliferation of the lining cells, usually glandular
    epithelial cells
    • Ovarian cystic neoplasms are good examples
    • Benign cystic neoplasms
    • Lined by non-atypical and non-invasive neoplastic cells
    • Examples: cystic teratoma, serous cystadenoma
    • Malignant cystic neoplasms
    • Lined by invasive malignant cells
    • Example: serous cystadenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
    • Borderline cystic neoplasms
    • Typically seen in the ovary and pancreas
    • Lining cells exhibit mild-to-moderate cytologic atypia and stratification but lack evidence
    of stromal invasion
    • Example: borderline mucinous tumour

    Cysts
    14

    CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
    • Clinical manifestations depend on:
    • Size of the cyst
    • Location of the cyst
    • Secondary events such as torsion, rupture
    • Whether benign or malignant
    • Clinical features include:
    • Asymptomatic
    • Swellings
    • Feeling of pressure
    • Pain
    • Others

    Cysts
    15

    MANAGEMENT
    • Investigations
    • Imaging studies – sonogram, radiograph, MRI, CT scan
    • Fine needle aspiration cytology
    • Serum tumour markers, if applicable
    • Treatment
    • Observation
    • Surgical excision
    • Chemotherapy/radiotherapy for some malignancies

    Cysts
    16

    THE END

    Cysts

    You might also like