Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA

[email protected]

2007
HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

ECLIPSE TUTORIAL 1
Pour les détails, voir cours: heriot-watt-university-reservoir-simulation.pdf (chap3: Reservoir Simulation Set Up. p24)

(3D 2-Phase)

A Prepare an input data file for simulating the performance of a two-phase (water/oil) three-
dimensional reservoir of size 2500' x 2500' x 150', dividing it into three layers of equal
thickness. The number of cells in the x and y directions are 5 and 5 respectively. Other
relevant data are given below, using field units throughout:

Depth of reservoir top: 8000 ft

Initial pressure at 8075': 4500 psia
Porosity Ø: 0.20

Permeability in x direction Kx: 200 mD for 1st and 3rd layers and 1000 mD for 2nd layer.
Permeability in y direction Ky: 150 mD for 1st and 3rd layers and 800 mD for 2nd layer.
Permeability in z direction Kz: 20 mD for 1st and 3rd layers and 100 mD for 2nd layer.

Figure 1: Schematic of model.

Water and Oil Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure Functions

Water Saturation Sw krw kro Pcow

(psi)
-- table 1 for 1000mD
0.15* 0.0 0.9 4.0
0.45 0.2 0.3 0.8
0.68 0.4 0.1 0.2
0.8 0.55 0.0 0.1

1
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

-- table 2 for 200mD

0.25* 0.0 0.9 9.0
0.5 0.2 0.3 1.8
0.7 0.4 0.1 0.45
0.8 0.55 0.0 0.22
* Initial saturation throughout LAYER.

Water PVT Data at Reservoir Pressure and Temperature

Pressure Bw cw w Viscosibility
(psia) (rb/stb) (psi-1) (cp) (psi-1)

4500 1.02 3.0E-06 0.8 0.0

Oil PVT Data, Bubble Point Pressure (Pb) = 300 psia

Pressure Bo Viscosity
(psia) (rb/stb) (cp)

300 1.25 1.0

800 1.20 1.1
6000 1.15 2.0

Rock compressibility at 4500 psia: 4E-06 psi-1

Oil density at surface conditions: 49 lbs/cf
Water density at surface conditions: 63 lbs/cf
Gas density at surface conditions: 0.01 lbs/cf

The oil-water contact is below the reservoir (8,500 ft), with zero capillary pressure at the
contact.

Drill a producer PROD, belonging to group G1, in Block No (1, 1) and an injector INJ,
belonging to group G2, in Block No. (5, 5). The inside diameter of the wells is 8". Perforate
both the producer and the injector in all three layers. Produce at the gross rate of 10,000 stb
liquid/day and inject 11,000 stb water/day. The producer has a minimum bottom hole
pressure limit of 2,000 psia, while the bottom hole pressure in the injector cannot exceed
10,000 psia. Start the simulation on 1st January 2007, and use 10 time steps of 200 days each.

2
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

Ask the program to output the following data: (à insérer dans le fichier TUT1A)

· Initial permeability, porosity and depth data (keyword INIT in GRID section)

· Initial grid block pressures and water saturations into a RESTART file (keyword RPTRST
in SOLUTION section)

· Field Average Pressure (FPR)

Reference: file:///C:/ecl/2014.1/eclipse/ecl_rm/summary_Other_keywords.html
Bottom Hole Pressure for both wells (WBHP)
Field Oil Production Rate (FOPR), Field Water Production Rate (FWPR)
Total Field Oil Production (FOPT), Total Field Water Production (FWPT)
Well Water Cut for PROD (WWCT ou FWCT) , CPU usage (TCPU)
Reference: file:///C:/ecl/2014.1/eclipse/ecl_rm/summary_Well_and_group_flow_quantities.html
to a separate Excel readable file (using keyword EXCEL) in the SUMMARY section.

· Grid block pressures and water saturations into RESTART files at each report step of the
simulation (keyword RPTRST in SCHEDULE section)

Procedure:

1 Edit file TUT1A.DATA in folder \eclipse\tut1 by opening it in Notepad, fill in the

necessary data, and save the file. The original file may be found in T:\eclipse\tut1, and
should be copied from here to your own work area.
[ici: C:\Users\patrick kimbatsa\Desktop\My Petrel\Logiciel simulateur Eclipse\Mes Eclipse
Tutorials\Eclipse. mes fichiers (.data)]

3
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

Pour plus de prestige, créer un dossier du nom TUT1A et copier-coller le fichier TUT1A.data

2 Activate the ECLIPSE Launcher from the Desktop or the Start menu.

3 Run ECLIPSE and use the TUT1A dataset.

4
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

4 When the simulation has finished, use ECLIPSE Office -> Results and menu File ->
Open -> SUMMARY -> All Vectors, or use MS Excel to open the output file
TUT1A.RSM, which will be in the \eclipse\tut1 folder.

Les resultats nous donnent:

5
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

5 Plot the BHP of both wells (WBHP) vs. time on Figure 1.

and Plot the field average pressure (FPR) vs. Time

6
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

6 Plot the water cut (WWCT) of the well PROD and the field oil production rate (FOPR)
vs. time on Figure 2.

7 Plot on Figure 3 the BHP values for the first 10 days in the range 3,500 psia to 5,500 psia.
By right clicking on each axes to change scale range.

Pour completer le nom de la legend: FOPR = Field Oil Production Rate

7
 Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

Explain the initial short-term rise in BHP in the injection well and drop in BHP in the
production well. Account for (justifier) the subsequent trends of these two pressures and of
the field average pressure (FPR), relating these to the reservoir production and injection
rates, water cut and the PVT data of the reservoir fluids.

B Make a copy of the file TUT1A.DATA called TUT1B.DATA in the same folder tut1.

By modifying the keyword TSTEP change the time steps to the following: 15*200

C.à.d. temps pour la simulation t=15*200jours =3000jours avec début simulation 01-01-2007

Modify the WCONINJ keyword to operate the injection well at a constant flowing bottom
hole pressure (BHP) of 5000 psia, instead of injecting at a constant 11,000 stb water/day
(RATE).

Avant: surface rate = 1100stb/d, reservoir rate=3*, Bottom hole pressure=10000stb/d

Avant: surface rate = 1* stb/d, reservoir rate=3*, Bottom hole pressure=5000stb/d

Add field volume production rate (FVPR) to the items already listed in the SUMMARY
section.

8
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

Run Eclipse using the TUT1B.DATA file, and then plot the two following pictures in Excel:

Figure4: both well bottom hole pressures (WBHP) and field average pressure (FPR) vs. Time,
showing pressures in the range 3,700 psia to 5,100 psia

Figure5: field water cut (WWCT ou FWCT) and field volume production rate (FVPR) vs.
Time

9
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

Account for (justifier) the differences between the pressure profiles in this problem and Tutorial
1A.
To assist with the interpretation, calculate total mobility as a function of water saturation for
the 4 saturation points given, using:

kro(Sw) krw(Sw)
MTOT(Sw) = +
o w

and show how this would change the differential pressure across the reservoir as the water
saturation throughout the reservoir increases. From Figure 5, explain the impact of the
WWCT profile (fraction) on the FVPR (rb/day).

C Copy file TUT1B.DATA to TUT1C.DATA in the same folder.

This time, instead of injecting at a constant flowing bottom hole pressure of 5000 psi, let the
simulator calculate the injection rate such that the reservoir voidage created by oil and water
production is replaced by injected water. To do this, modify the control mode for the injection
well (keyword WCONINJ) from BHP to reservoir rate (RESV), and use the voidage
replacement flag (FVDG) in item 8. Set the upper limit on the bottom hole pressure for the
injection well to 10,000 psia again.
Note the definitions given in the manual for item 8 of the WCONINJ keyword. Based on the
definition for voidage replacement,
Reservoir volume injection rate = item 6 + (item 7 * field voidage rate)

Therefore, to inject the same volume of liquid as has been produced, we must have
Reservoir volume injection rate= field voidage rate, then set item6 = rate=0, and item7=frac=1
to have Reservoir volume injection rate= field voidage rate.
NB: définition de voidage remplacement, voir Mes Eclipse Tutorials\Eclipse Tutorials\OFFICIAL SLB
TUTORIALS\ECLIPSE 100 BLACK OIL COURSE MATERIALS\ ECLIPSE 100 BLACK OIL COURSE
MANUAL_14.pdf (page.6)
Injecter un fluide dans le réservoir avec des Puits injecteurs sans tenir compte au même moment du
volume d’huile produit par les Puits producteurs n’est pas une bonne méthode optimale. Il est mieux
que le même volume d’huile produit soit égal au même volume d’eau injecté.
Soit Vd’huile produit = V volume d’eau injecté , c’est le voidage replacement.

10
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

Run Eclipse using the TUT1C.DATA file, and then run Floviz, to display the grid cell oil
saturations (these displays need NOT be printed).
Eclipse –> dataset--> tut1c.data file –> run –> Floviz –> run –> open –> Tut1C.egrid –> open
–> ok --> Animation.

Ou encore
Eclipse –> dataset--> tut1c.data file –> run –> Office –> run –> result –> file–> open –> Grid -
-> Tut1C.egrid –> open –> ok –> 3D Viewer --> Animation.

Discuss the profile of the saturation front in each layer, and explain how it is affected by
gravity and the distribution of flow speeds between the wells.

11
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

Pour la forme du Puits:

Pour voir le timestep (TSEP):

Pour la vitesse d’animation:

Pour Importer et voir les résultats sur Petrel2014:

Ouvre Petrel2014, sur Models, puis met le curseur dans sa zone blanche, puis click droit,
puis click sur Import file.

Comme le fichier est au format .Egrid, sélectionne ce format. Click continue, ok, ok for all.

On aura

12
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

Pour voir en 3D, click sur window, puis 3D window. Active skeleton, Edges, intersections,
puis tous les horizons (1 à 3). Choisir l’échelle à 0.1 puis click sur all view.

On aura notre réservoir sans les 2 Puits.

Comparaison : Petrel & Eclipse.

SENSITIVITIES (Eclipse)
For the sensitivity calculations try variations of +/- 10% from the base case, and use a spider
diagram to plot the results.

A Long-term behaviour (0-2000 days): Assess (évaluer) impact of varying oil formation
volume factor (Bo) and injection rate on field average pressure (FPR)

Short-term behaviour (0-10 days): Assess (évaluer) impact of varying absolute

permeability and porosity on bottom hole pressure response (WBHP) in either of the
wells.

13
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

B Mobility effects: What happens to the pressure differential between the wells when you
use straight line rel perms (by deleting rows in SWOF keyword containing saturation
points 0.5 and 0.7? What happens if you then change the values of the relative
permeability endpoints (initially Krw = 0.55 and Kro=0.9)?

C Study impact of oil density and total flow rate across field on flow distribution in field.

D Copy file TUT1A.DATA to TUT1D.DATA in the same folder.

The data file should be adapted to include the following features:

 Porosities varying according to layer (PORO in the GRID section)
 NTG varying according to layer (NTG in the GRID section)
 Water saturations that can go up to Sw=1 should there be an oil-water contact
introduced into the model

To implement these, replace the entire GRID section with the following:
--================================================================
GRID

EQUALS
-- Keyword value X1 X2 Y1 Y2 Z1 Z2
DX 500 1 5 1 5 1 3 / whole model
DY 500 / same as above
DZ 50 / same as above

TOPS 8000 1 5 1 5 1 1 / Layer 1

PERMX 200 /
PERMY 150 /
PERMZ 20 /
PORO 0.19 /
NTG 0.95 /

PERMX 1000 1 5 1 5 2 2 / Layer 2

PERMY 800 /
PERMZ 100 /
PORO 0.20 /
NTG 0.99 /

PERMX 200 1 5 1 5 3 3 / Layer 3

PERMY 150 /
PERMZ 20 /
PORO 0.19 /
NTG 0.95 /

-- Output file with geometry and rock properties (.INIT)

INIT

and replace the old SWOF tables with

-- Water and oil rel perms & capillary pressures
-- Sw Krw Kro Pc
-- ----- ----- --- ----
SWOF
-- table 1 for 1000mD
0.15 0.0 0.9 4.0
0.45 0.2 0.3 0.8
0.68 0.4 0.1 0.2
0.8 0.55 0.0 0.1
1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 /
-- table 2 for 200mD

14
Modify by Patrick KIMBATSA
[email protected]

0.25 0.0 0.9 9.0

0.5 0.2 0.3 1.8
0.7 0.4 0.1 0.45
0.8 0.55 0.0 0.22
1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 /

Run the model in ECLIPSE, visualise the grid in FloViz.

Eclipse – dataset-- tut1c.data file – run – Floviz – run – open – Tut1D.egrid – open – ok --
Animation.
And plot the same properties as in TUT1A. The purpose of this part of the exercise is to
familiarise you with some features of ECLIPSE that you will find useful later. No in depth
analysis of results is required for part D.

Eric Mackay 19 December 2006

15