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org © 2022 IJCRT | Volume 10, Issue 6 June 2022 | ISSN: 2320-2882

Research on E-Paper Technology

Name : Pranay Sadanand Kumbhar
Institute : Sterling Institute of management and studies Name : Farha Anjum
Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India Institute : Sterling Institute of management and studies
Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India
Prof. Deepali Shah
Asst. Professor,
NCRD’s SIMS, Nerul

Abstract : Electronic paper, E Ink, Invention, Printing,

Innovation, Print Media.
E-Paper is invented by Nick Sheridon in 1970.
E-Paper are just like traditionalpaper. E-Paper are E- Introduction
papers of the future are just around the corner, Electronic paper, often known as e-paper or
promising to hold libraries on a chip and replace electronic ink display, is a type of display that
most printed newspapers by the end of the decade. imitates the appearance of regular ink on paper.
They are made of flexible material, require ultra-low Electronic paper, unlike a traditional flat panel
power consumption, are cheap to manufacture, and display, which requires a backlight to illuminate its
most importantly, are easy and convenient to read. E- pixels, reflects light like regular paper. It can store
paper is a portable form of electronic paper. Reusable text and images endlessly without consuming
storage and display media that resembles paper but electricity, and the image can be updated at any time.
that can be written on (refreshed) thousands or Several various technologies exist to create e-paper,
millions of times via electrical means. E-paper will some of which use a flexible display and a plastic
be utilised for e-books, electronic newspapers, substrate. Reading on e-paper could be more
portable signs, and foldable, rollable screens, among comfortable than on a traditional display. This is
other applications. The data to be shown is either owing to the steady image that does not require
retrieved from a computer or a cell phone, or it is regular refreshment, the broader viewing angle, and
manually made using mechanical tools like an the fact that it reflects rather than emits ambient light.
electronic "pencil." This article explores the past,
present, and future of the subject.

Keywords:

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www.ijcrt.org © 2022 IJCRT | Volume 10, Issue 6 June 2022 | ISSN: 2320-2882
-- Analysis & Findings --
I. Technology
Literature Review A. Electrophoretic: In the most basic electrophoretic
application, titanium dioxide (titanium) particles with
a diameter of one micrometre are disseminated in
The main topics of our literature review are
hydrocarbon oil. Surfactants and also charging real
E-Paper . The purpose of this study is to find how e-
estate agents are usually added to the oil, causing the
paper work, problem faced by e-paper, study of e-
particles to combat an electrical charge. This mixture
paper . Battery consumption are our main priorities.
is sandwiched between two parallel conductive
With using the technology we can less harm to our
dishes separated by a gap.
eyes. We can use the normal ink display instead of
Ranging from ten to one hundred micrometres When
digital display.
a voltage is put across the two dishes, the debris move
electrophoretically to the plate that contains the
Problem Definition :
opposite charge. Because light is dispersed, your
The display have 60 fps ( frames per second)
particles seem white when they are positioned at the
or 90 fps which we generally use. But the display
cab end (viewing) side of the display.
of E-Paper technology have only 7 fps so it is
comparatively less used than normal display. It is
more expensive than normal displays. It has less II. Gyricon
memory and it have only limited fonts. It was the first electronic paper developed at
Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center in the 1970s.It is
made up of polyethylene spheres ranging in size from
Objective/Scope:
75 to 106 micrometres in diameter, each of which is
The objective of making this research paper
made up of black plastic on one side and white plastic
is find the solution to increase the refresh rate of e-
on the other, both of which are negatively and
paper display and to increase the more use of this
positively charged. The spheres are embedded within
technology in day to day life.
a clear silicone sheet. Each sphere is suspended in an
oil bubble, allowing it to freely rotate. The polarity of
Research Methodology: the voltage given to each pair of electrodes
determines whether the white or black side of the
I use the review methodology and study electrode is facing up, giving the pixel its white or
the previous research paper. Accordingly I black appearance.The integrated display, which is bi-
compare the both paper and find some stable, will generate images and text.
important points. And on internet I got some Diagram :
additional points.

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www.ijcrt.org © 2022 IJCRT | Volume 10, Issue 6 June 2022 | ISSN: 2320-2882
Explanation: invented by Xerox's Nick Sheridon in the 1970s. The
hemispheres of a bead are coloured differently and
Electrophoretic Because of their paper-like
contain different electrical charges. When the
appearance and decreased power consumption,
backbone generates an electric field, the beads rotate,
electrophoretic displays are regarded as the top of the
creating a pattern.
electronic paper classification. Ernest Jacobson, who
later cofounded the Elizabeth Tattoo Corporation and
entered a partnership with Philips Components a few KEY BENEFITS :
years later to develop and market the technology,
E-Paper has a lot of advantages. Reading an E-
produced another sort of electronic paper in the
Paper is the same as reading a printed newspaper,
1990s. Philips sold the electronic paper business, as
thus the reader does not need to adjust to a new
well as related patents, to Prime Watch International
format. E-Paper, on the other hand, ensures
in 2005. This was accomplished by suspending
independence in terms of space and time. E-Paper
microscopic microcapsules rich with electrically
may be read at any time, anywhere in the world, and
conductive white detritus within the coloured fluid.
because digital versions can also be obtained on
The underlying circuitry in early designs controlled
PDAs and smart phones, mobility is nearly unlimited.
whether the white debris was close to the capsule's
E-Paper also conserves resources. On the one hand,
surface (so it seemed white to the spectator) or far
EPaper saves paper and space because it does not pile
away.
up, and on the other hand, it saves time. Because the
entire page is displayed on the computer monitor, one
Why E Paper : may receive a quick overview of all headlines and
E-Paper is device that do not emits blue light thus get to the relevant articles much faster. In
towards your eyes. Generally what does happen contrast to traditional LCDs and other types of
when we use the normal display it emits blue light reflective screens,
and it directly affect our eyes if we use it for so
long.
Solution for increase refresh rate of E-
Due to the normal display you do not naturally Paper :
feel sleepy, you get tired that’s why you think that
I should sleep. But E-paper works like sunlight We can store the previous frame in the non-
reflect on a surface and we can able to see it. While volatile memory and we cam use this when we turn
you are laying on a bed that time in such a way the on the E-Paper display again that time when can use
light of your lamp reflect on your e-paper device the previously stored frame again.
that it do not emit the blue light. You’ll feel like
your are reading a book of a paper.
Advantages
Working Of E-Paper : Electronic paper has a lot of advantages over
The first is electronic ink, also known as the printed paper. You can use electronic bookmarks, for
'frontplane,' and the second is the electronics needed example, and choose your preferred magnification
to create the pattern of text and images on the E-ink level. You'll be alright if you use search to quickly
sheet, also known as the 'backplane.' Over time, a find information. You can print on real paper if
number of different e-ink creation technologies have necessary. One of the advantages of electronic paper
been created. Gyricon E-ink is based on a thin sheet is its low power usage. (Power is pulled when the
of flexible plastic containing a layer of tiny plastic display is changed), flexibility It's also easier to read
beads, each contained in a small pocket of oil and thus than most screens. Electronic-ink Printing can be
able to freely rotate within the plastic sheet, and was done on walls, billboards, and other surfaces.

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T-shirts and product labels are two examples of is bad news for any company that wishes to
this. The versatility of the ink would also be include animations in their ads.
advantageous. enable the creation of electronic
displays that can be rolled up into devices. Further Scope :
The E-paper will be implanted in a cylindrical
Disadvantages tube with a diameter of about 1 centimetre
and a length of 15 to 20 centimetres that may
Working Of E-Paper : be easily carried in one's pocket. The tube will
contain a tightly rolled sheet of Epaper that
The first is electronic ink, which is sometimes
can be spooled out of a slit in the tube as a flat
referred to as the 'frontplane,' and the second is the
sheet for reading and then stored again at the
electronics required to generate the pattern of text and
touch of a button.
images on the E-ink sheet, which is referred to as the
'backplane.' A variety of e-ink creation technologies
An overhead satellite, a cell phone
have been developed over time. Gyricon E-ink,
network, or an internal memory chip will be
created by Xerox's Nick Sheridon in the 1970s, is
used to download data (through a basic user
based on a thin sheet of flexible plastic containing a
interface). The document reader will be able
layer of tiny plastic beads, each contained in a small
to read e-mail, the internet, books
pocket of oil and therefore able to freely rotate within
downloaded from a digital library, technical
the plastic sheet. A bead's hemispheres are coloured
manuals, newspapers, magazines, and other
differently and have various electrical charges.The
documents from anywhere on the planet. It
beads rotate when the backbone applies an electric
will be a fraction of what it is now.
field, generating a pattern.
Limitations & Future Scope
Conclusion :
Limitations:
While we may be familiar with digital paper because
Electronic paper technology has a
of its widespread use among eBook readers, the
considerable disadvantage in terms of refresh
technology's flexibility allows for far more advanced
rate when compared to other low-power
applications. The paperless office of the future, in
display technologies such as liquid crystal
contrast to speedy autos and personal teleporters, may
displays (LCDs).
not be so far-fetched in the end. It all begins with a
This makes it difficult for products to
clean, fresh workspace. Because of its plausibility,
implement complex interactive programmes
tangibility, simplicity, flexibility, portability, and
(such as those found on mobile computers)
compatibility, paper remains the most preferred
that demand fast-moving menus, mouse
document medium, making it difficult to replace. The
pointers, or scrolling.
paperless workplace is still a long way from its
Piracy has become a major source of
original ideal, despite growing usage of computers
problems for firms in niche areas like music,
and online documents. The need for extra document
films, and video games. Businesses might
management systems has never been greater, with
easily lose a lot of money owing to piracy
document documents flowing at a quicker rate than
when it comes to e-books.
ever before.
The paper used in e-technology is incapable
of supporting animation.
Because e-paper lacks such a feature,
advertising is limited to images alone, which

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www.ijcrt.org © 2022 IJCRT | Volume 10, Issue 6 June 2022 | ISSN: 2320-2882
Reference :

 [Ben Krasnow] Hacks E-Paper For Fastest Refresh

Rate | Hackaday
 E-Paper Technology (ijert.org)
 1379772539_ELECTRONIC_PAPER_TECHNOL
OGY.pdf (ijarse.com)
 (1612) E-paper hacking: fastest possible refresh
rate - YouTube

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