AP STATISTICS Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

1. In , percent of a random sample of adults in the United States indicated that they consumed at least
pounds of bacon that year. In , percent of a random sample of adults in the United States indicated that
they consumed at least pounds of bacon that year.

Assuming all conditions for inference are met, which of the following is the most appropriate test statistic to use to
investigate whether the proportion of all adults in the United States who consume at least pounds of bacon in
is different from that of ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

2. In a physics experiment, two different methods were used to measure the angle of deflection when a subatomic
particle collides with a certain material. Ten specimens of the material were used to compare the two methods. For
each specimen, the angle of deflection was measured using both methods. For each specimen, the method used first
was determined by the flip of a fair coin. The difference between the measured angles was calculated for each
specimen. A test of the hypothesis that the population mean difference is zero had a p-value of 0.082.

The hypothesis test described had three components: the number of specimens, the sample standard deviation of the
differences, and the magnitude of the sample mean difference. Compared to the test described, which of the
following would have resulted in a smaller p-value?
The number of specimens and the sample standard deviation of the differences remained the same, but the
(A)
magnitude of the sample mean difference was smaller.
The number of specimens and the magnitude of the sample mean difference remained the same, but the
(B)
sample standard deviation of the differences was larger.
The number of specimens remained the same, but the magnitude of the sample mean difference was smaller
(C)
and the sample standard deviation of the difference was larger.
The number of specimens remained the same, but the magnitude of the sample mean difference was larger
(D)
and the sample standard deviation of the difference was smaller.
The magnitude of the sample mean difference and the sample standard deviation of the differences remained
(E)
the same, but the number of specimens was smaller.

AP Statistics Page 1 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

3. Makers of a new pain-relieving medication claim that it relieves chronic pain faster than the current top-selling pain
reliever on the market. A double-blind experiment was conducted in which 10 people who experience chronic pain
were randomly selected to take either the new or the current medication. Each of the 10 people recorded the time, in
minutes, from taking the medication until pain relief. After an appropriate time period, each of the 10 people took
the other medication and recorded the time from taking the medication until pain relief. The medication each person
took first was randomly determined, and because both medications look the same, the people in the study did not
know which medication was taken first. The table below shows summary statistics for the results.

Which of the following values is closest to the p-value of the appropriate t-test?
(A) 0.1802
(B) 0.3604
(C) 0.4230
(D) 0.5770
(E) 0.8198

4. The process of producing pain-reliever tablets yields tablets with varying amounts of the active ingredient. It is
claimed that the average amount of active ingredient per tablet is at least 200 milligrams. The Consumer Watchdog
Bureau tests a random sample of 70 tablets. The mean content of the active ingredient for this sample is 194.3
milligrams, while the standard deviation is 21 milligrams. What is the approximate p-value for the appropriate test?
(A) 0.012
(B) 0.024
(C) 0.050
(D) 0.100
(E) 0.488

5. A test of the hypotheses H0 : µ = 0 versus Ha : µ > 0 was conducted using a sample of size 7. The test statistic was t
= 1.935. Which of the following is closest to the p-value of the test?
(A) 0.0125
(B) 0.0265
(C) 0.0471
(D) 0.0506
(E) 0.1012

Page 2 of 22 AP Statistics
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

6. To obtain certification for a certain occupation, candidates take a proficiency exam. The exam consists of two
sections, and neither section should be more difficult than the other. To investigate whether one section of the exam
was more difficult than the other, a random sample of 50 candidates was selected. The candidates took the exam and
their scores on each section were recorded. The table shows the summary statistics.

Which of the following is the test statistic for the appropriate test to determine if there is a significant mean
difference between the percent correct on the two sections (first minus second) for all candidates similar to those in
the investigation?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

7. According to a recent report, customers who shop at a certain online store spend, on average, $1,500 a year at the
store. To investigate whether the mean amount spent was greater than the reported average, an economist obtained
the mean and standard deviation of the amount spent in the past year by a random sample of 120 customers who
shop at the store. With all conditions for inference met, the economist conducted the appropriate hypothesis test and
obtained a p-value of 0.25. Which of the following statements is the most appropriate conclusion for the
investigation?
There is convincing statistical evidence that the mean amount of money spent each year by all customers
(A)
who shop at the store is $1,500.
There is convincing statistical evidence that the mean amount of money spent each year by all customers
(B)
who shop at the store is greater than $1,500.
There is convincing statistical evidence that the mean amount of money spent each year by all customers
(C)
who shop at the store is less than $1,500.
There is not convincing statistical evidence that the mean amount of money spent each year by all customers
(D)
who shop at the store is greater than $1,500.
There is not convincing statistical evidence that the mean amount of money spent each year by any sample of
(E)
120 customers who shop at the store is greater than $1,500.

AP Statistics Page 3 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

8. A survey was conducted in a large city to investigate public opinion on banning the use of trans fats in restaurant
cooking. A random sample of 230 city residents with school-age children was selected, and another random sample
of 341 city residents without school-age children was also selected. Of those with school-age children, 94 opposed
the banning of trans fats, and of those without school-age children, 147 opposed the banning of trans fats. An
appropriate hypothesis test was conducted to investigate whether there was a difference between the two groups of
residents in their opposition to the banning of trans fats. Is there convincing statistical evidence of a difference
between the two population proportions at the significance level of 0.05 ?
(A) Yes, because the sample proportions are different.
Yes, because the probability of observing a difference at least as large as the sample difference is greater than
(B)
0.05.
Yes, because the probability of observing a difference at least as large as the sample difference, if the two
(C)
population proportions are the same, is less than 0.05.
No, because the probability of observing a difference at least as large as the sample difference, if the two
(D)
population proportions are the same, is greater than 0.05.
No, because the probability of observing a difference at least as large as the sample difference is less than
(E)
0.05.

9. A machine is designed to dispense at least 12 ounces of a beverage into a bottle. To test whether the machine is
working properly, a random sample of 50 bottles was selected and the mean number of ounces for the 50 bottles
was computed. A test of the hypotheses H0 : µ = 12 versus Ha : µ < 12 was conducted, where µ represents the
population mean number of ounces of the beverage dispensed per bottle by the machine. The p-value for the test
was 0.08. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion to draw at the significance level of α = 0.05?
Because the p-value is greater than the significance level, there is convincing evidence that the population
(A)
mean number of ounces dispensed into a bottle is 12 ounces.
Because the p-value is greater than the significance level, there is convincing evidence that the population
(B)
mean number of ounces dispensed into a bottle is less than 12 ounces.
Because the p-value is greater than the significance level, there is not convincing evidence that the
(C)
population mean number of ounces dispensed into a bottle is less than 12 ounces.
Because the p-value is less than the significance level, there is convincing evidence that the population mean
(D)
number of ounces dispensed into a bottle is 12 ounces.
(E) Eight percent of the bottles will be filled with less than 12 ounces.

10. A group of students wanted to investigate the claim that the average number of text messages sent yesterday by
students in their school was greater than 100. They asked each student in a random sample of 50 students how many
text messages he or she sent yesterday. An appropriate t-test was conducted and resulted in a p-value of 0.0853.
Assuming the conditions for the t-test were met, which of the following is an appropriate conclusion?

Page 4 of 22 AP Statistics
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

Because p > 0.10, at the 10% significance level, it can be concluded that the mean number of text messages
(A)
sent yesterday by students in the school is less than 100.
Because p > 0.10, at the 10% significance level, it cannot be concluded that the mean number of text
(B)
messages sent yesterday by students in the school is greater than 100.
Because p > 0.05, at the 5% significance level, it can be concluded that the mean number of text messages
(C)
sent yesterday by students in the school is greater than 100.
Because p > 0.05, at the 5% significance level, it can be concluded that the mean number of text messages
(D)
sent yesterday by students in the school is less than 100.
Because p > 0.05, at the 5% significance level, it cannot be concluded that the mean number of text messages
(E)
sent yesterday by students in the school is greater than 100.

11. A group of people who had been diagnosed as prediabetic because of high blood glucose levels volunteered to
participate in a study designed to investigate the use of cinnamon to reduce blood glucose to a normal level. Of the
people, were randomly assigned to take a cinnamon tablet each day and the other were assigned to take a
placebo each day. The people did not know which tablet they were taking. Their blood glucose levels were
measured at the end of one month. The results showed that people in the cinnamon group and people in the
placebo group had normal blood glucose levels. For people similar to those in the study, do the data provide
convincing statistical evidence that the proportion who would be classified as normal after one month of taking
cinnamon is greater than the proportion who would be classified as normal after one month of not taking cinnamon?
(A) No conclusion can be made about the use of cinnamon because the people in the study were volunteers.
(B) There is convincing statistical evidence at the level of .
(C) There is convincing statistical evidence at the level of but not at the level of .
(D) There is convincing statistical evidence at the level of but not at the level of .
(E) There is not convincing statistical evidence at any reasonable significance level.

12. A state study on labor reported that one-third of full-time teachers in the state also worked part time at another job.
For those teachers, the average number of hours worked per week at the part-time job was . After an increase in
state teacher salaries, a random sample of teachers who worked part time at another job was selected. The
average number of hours worked per week at the part-time job for the teachers in the sample was with
standard deviation hours. Is there convincing statistical evidence, at the level of , that the average
number of hours worked per week at part-time jobs decreased after the salary increase?
(A) No. The -value of the appropriate test is greater than .
(B) No. The -value of the appropriate test is less than .
(C) Yes. The -value of the appropriate test is greater than .
(D) Yes. The -value of the appropriate test is less than .
(E) Not enough information is given to determine whether there is convincing statistical evidence.

13. In the states of Florida and Colorado, veterinarians investigating obesity in dogs obtained random samples of pet
medical records and recorded the weights of the dogs in the samples. A test was conducted of H0 : p1 = p2 versus Ha
: p1 ≠ p2, where p1 represents the proportion of all overweight dogs in Florida and p2 represents the proportion of
all overweight dogs in Colorado. The resulting test statistic for a two-sample z-test for a difference between
proportions was 1.85. At the significance level α = 0.05, which of the following is a correct conclusion?

AP Statistics Page 5 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

There is not sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of all overweight dogs in Florida is
(A)
different from the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado because the p-value is greater than 0.05.
There is not sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of all overweight dogs in Florida is
(B) different from the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado because the z-test statistic is greater than
0.05.
There is sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of all overweight dogs in Florida is
(C)
different from the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado because the p-value is greater than 0.05.
There is sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of all overweight dogs in Florida is
(D)
different from the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado because the p-value is less than 0.05.
There is sufficient statistical evidence to conclude that the proportion of all overweight dogs in Florida is
(E)
greater than the proportion of all overweight dogs in Colorado because the z-test statistic is positive.

14. Ecologists wanted to estimate the mean biomass (amount of vegetation) of a certain forested region. The ecologists
divided the region into plots measuring 1 square meter each, and they selected a random sample of 9 plots. The
mean biomass of the 9 plots was 4.3 kilograms per square meter ( kg/m2 ) and the standard deviation was 1.5 kg/m2
. Assuming all conditions for inference are met, which of the following is a 95 percent confidence interval for the
population mean biomass, in kg/m2 ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)
(E)

15. A medical center conducted a study to investigate cholesterol levels in people who have had heart attacks. A
random sample of 16 people was obtained from the names of all patients of the medical center who had a heart
attack in the previous year. Of the people in the sample, the mean cholesterol level was 264.70 milligrams per
deciliter (mg/dL) with standard deviation . Assuming all conditions for inference were met, which
of the following is a 90 percent confidence interval for the mean cholesterol level, in , of all patients of the
medical center who had a heart attack in the previous year?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Page 6 of 22 AP Statistics
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

16. A news article reported that college students who have part-time jobs work an average of 15 hours per week. The
staff of a college newspaper thought that the average might be different from 15 hours per week for their college.
Data were collected on the number of hours worked per week for a random sample of students at the college who
have part-time jobs. The data were used to test the hypotheses

H0: μ = 15

Ha: μ ≠ 15,

where µ is the mean number of hours worked per week for all students at the college with part-time jobs. The results
of the test are shown in the table below.

Assuming all conditions for inference were met, which of the following represents a 95 percent confidence interval
for µ?
(A) 13.755 ± 0.244
(B) 13.755 ± 0.286
(C) 13.755 ± 0.707
(D) 13.755 ± 1.245
(E) 13.755 ± 1.456

17. A random sample of the costs of repair jobs at a large muffler repair shop produces a mean of $127.95. and a
standard deviation of $24.03. If the size of this sample is 40, which of the following is an approximate 90 percent
confidence interval for the average cost of a repair at this repair shop?
(A) $127.95 ± $4.87
(B) $127.95 ± $6.25
(C) $127.95 ± $7.45
(D) $127.95 ± $30.81
(E) $127.95 ± $39.53

AP Statistics Page 7 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

18. A certain county has 1,000 farms. Corn is grown on 100 of these farms but on none of the others. In order to
estimate the total farm acreage of corn for the country, two plans are proposed.

Plan I:

a. Sample 20 farms at random.

b. Estimate the mean acreage of corn per farm in a confidence interval.

c. Multiply both ends of the interval by 1,000 to get an interval estimate of the total.

Plan II:

a. Identify the 100 corn-growing farms.

b. Sample 20 corn-growing farms at random.

c. Estimate the mean acreage of corn for corn-growing farms in a confidence interval.

d. Multiply both ends of the interval by 100 to get an interval estimate of the total.

On the basis of the information given, which of the following is the better method for estimating the total farm
acreage of corn for the county?
(A) Choose plan I over plan II.
(B) Choose plan II over plan I.
(C) Choose either plan, since both are good and will produce equivalent results.
(D) Choose neither plan, since neither estimates the total farm acreage of corn.
(E) The plans cannot be evaluated from the information given.

19. In a test of H0: μ = 8 versus Ha: μ ≠ 8, a sample of size of 220 leads to a p-value of 0.034. Which of the following
must be true?
(A) A 95% confidence interval for μ calculated from these data will not include μ = 8.
(B) At the 5% level if H0 is rejected, the probability of a Type II error is 0.034.
(C) The 95% confidence interval for μ calculated from these data will be centered at μ = 8.
(D) The null hypothesis should not be rejected at the 5% level.
(E) The sample size is insufficient to draw a conclusion with 95% confidence.

Page 8 of 22 AP Statistics
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

20. When a virus is placed on a tobacco leaf, small lesions appear on the leaf. To compare the mean number of lesions
produced by two different strains of virus, one strain is applied to half of each of 8 tobacco leaves, and the other
strain is applied to the other half of each leaf. The strain that goes on the right half of the leaf is decided by a coin
flip. The lesions that appear on each half are then counted. The data are given below.

What is the number of degrees of freedom associated with the appropriate t-test for testing to see if there is a
difference between the mean number of lesions per leaf produced by the two strains?
(A) 7
(B) 8
(C) 11
(D) 14
(E) 16

21. A police officer uses a motion detector to indicate whether a car is traveling faster than the speed limit (speeding). A
speeding ticket will be issued to the driver of the car if the officer believes the driver is speeding, as indicated by the
detector. The situation is similar to using a null and an alternative hypothesis to decide whether to issue a ticket. The
hypotheses can be stated as follows.

H0 : The driver is not speeding.

Ha : The driver is speeding.

Which of the following best describes the power of the test?

AP Statistics Page 9 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

(A) The probability of issuing a ticket to a driver who is speeding

(B) The probability of issuing a ticket to a driver who is not speeding
(C) The probability of not issuing a ticket to a driver who is speeding
(D) The probability of not issuing a ticket to a driver who is not speeding
(E) The probability that the motion detector is working correctly

22. A doctor uses a new diagnostic test to indicate whether a patient has a certain disease. The doctor will prescribe
medication for the patient if the doctor believes the patient has the disease, as indicated by the diagnostic test. The
situation is similar to using a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis to decide whether to prescribe the
medication. The hypotheses can be stated as follows.

: The patient does not have the disease.

: The patient has the disease.

Which of the following best describes the power of the test?

(A) The probability that the new test is better than an older test to indicate whether a patient has the disease
(B) The probability that the new test indicates the disease in a patient who has the disease
(C) The probability that the new test indicates the disease in a patient who does not have the disease
(D) The probability that the new test does not indicate the disease in a patient who has the disease
(E) The probability that the new test does not indicate the disease in a patient who does not have the disease

23. A medical doctor uses a diagnostic test to determine whether a patient has arthritis. A treatment will be prescribed
only if the doctor thinks the patient has arthritis. The situation is similar to using a null and an alternative hypothesis
to decide whether to prescribe the treatment. The hypotheses might be stated as follows.

H0 : The patient does not have arthritis

Ha : The patient has arthritis

Which of the following represents a Type II error for the hypotheses?

(A) Diagnosing arthritis in a patient who has arthritis
(B) Failing to diagnose arthritis in a patient who has arthritis
(C) Diagnosing arthritis in a patient who does not have arthritis
(D) Failing to diagnose arthritis in a patient who does not have arthritis
(E) Prescribing treatment to a patient regardless of the diagnosis

Page 10 of 22 AP Statistics
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

24. A statistical test involves the following null and alternative hypotheses.

Which of the following describes a Type error?

(A) Failing to reject the null hypothesis when the population mean is
(B) Failing to reject the null hypothesis when the population mean is greater than
(C) Rejecting the null hypothesis when the population mean is
(D) Rejecting the null hypothesis when the population mean is greater than
(E) Failing to reject the null hypothesis when the -value is less than the significance level

25. A one-sided hypothesis test is to be performed with a significance level of 0.05. Suppose that the null hypothesis is
false. If a significance level of 0.01 were to be used instead of a significance level of 0.05, which of the following
would be true?
(A) Neither the probability of a Type II error nor the power of the test would change.
(B) Both the probability of a Type II error and the power of the test would decrease.
(C) Both the probability of a Type II error and the power of the test would increase.
(D) The probability of a Type II error would decrease and the power of the test would increase.
(E) The probability of a Type II error would increase and the power of the test would decrease.

26. When using a one-sample t-procedure to construct a confidence interval for the mean of a finite population, a
condition is that the population size be at least 10 times the sample size. The reason for the condition is to ensure
that
(A) the sample size is large enough
(B) the central limit theorem is applicable for the sample mean
(C) the sample standard deviation is a good approximation of the population standard deviation
(D) the degree of dependence among observations is negligible
(E) the sampling method is not biased

27. A botanist collected one leaf at random from each of 10 randomly selected mature maple trees of the same species.
The mean and the standard deviation of the surface areas for the 10 leaves in the sample were computed.Assume the
distribution of surface areas of maple leaves is normal. What is the appropriate method for constructing a one-
sample confidence interval to estimate the population mean surface area of the species of maple leaves, and why is
the method appropriate?
(A) The t-interval is appropriate, because the population standard deviation is not known.
(B) The t-interval is appropriate, because the t-interval is narrower than the z-interval.
(C) The z-interval is appropriate, because the z-interval is narrower than the t-interval.
(D) The z-interval is appropriate, because the central limit theorem applies.
(E) The z-interval is appropriate, because the sample standard deviation is known.

AP Statistics Page 11 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

28. Two random samples, A and B, were selected from the same population to estimate the population mean. For each
sample, the mean, standard deviation, and margin of error for a 95 percent confidence interval for the population
mean are shown in the table.

Which of the following could explain why the margin of error of sample A is greater than the margin of error of
sample B?
(A) The sample size of A is greater than the sample size of B.
(B) The sample size of A is less than the sample size of B.
(C) The sample size of A is equal to the sample size of B.
(D) The mean of sample A is greater than the mean of sample B.
(E) The standard deviation of sample A is less than the standard deviation of sample B.

29. A matched-pairs t-test is NOT an appropriate way to analyze data consisting of which of the following?
Measurements of annual income taken both before and after a two-year training course for a random sample
(A)
of 100 people who took the course
(B) Measurements of annual income for each twin for 100 randomly selected pairs of twins
Measurements of annual income for both individuals in pairs formed by matching 100 people from State A
(C)
and 100 people from State B based on level of education
Measurements of annual income for both individuals in pairs formed by assigning 100 people to pairs at
(D)
random
(E) Measurements of annual income recorded for both spouses of 100 randomly selected married couples

30. An agricultural engineer selected a random sample of farms in the United States to construct a percent
confidence interval for the mean size, in acres, of farms in the United States. The resulting interval was .

Which of the following is an appropriate interpretation of the percent confidence level?

(A) Approximately of the farm sizes in the sample are between acres and acres.
(B) Approximately of all farm sizes in the United States are between acres and acres.
Approximately of all random samples of size from the population will have a mean farm size
(C)
between acres and acres.
Approximately of all random samples of size from the population will produce intervals that contain
(D)
the mean size of farms in the United States.
Approximately of all random samples of size from the population will produce intervals that contain
(E)
the sample mean.

Page 12 of 22 AP Statistics
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

31. A university will add fruit juice vending machines to its classroom buildings if the student body president is
convinced that more than 20 percent of the students will use them. A random sample of n students will be selected
and asked whether or not they would use the vending machines. A large-sample test for proportions at the
significance level of α = 0.05 will be performed. The null hypothesis that the proportion of all students who would
use the vending machines is 20 percent will be tested against the alternative that more than 20 percent of all students
would use them. For which of the following situations would the power of the test be highest?
(A) The sample size is n = 750, and 20 percent of all students use the vending machines.
(B) The sample size is n = 750, and 25 percent of all students use the vending machines.
(C) The sample size is n = 1,000, and 25 percent of all students use the vending machines.
(D) The sample size is n = 500, and 50 percent of all students use the vending machines.
(E) The sample size is n = 1,000, and 50 percent of all students use the vending machines.

32. The mayor of a large city will run for governor if he believes that more than 30 percent of the voters in the state
already support him. He will have a survey firm ask a random sample of n voters whether or not they support him.
He will use a large sample test for proportions to test the null hypothesis that the proportion of all voters who
support him is 30 percent or less against the alternative that the percentage is higher than 30 percent. Suppose that
35 percent of all voters in the state actually support him. In which of the following situations would the power for
this test be highest?
(A) The mayor uses a significance level of 0.01 and n = 250 voters.
(B) The mayor uses a significance level of 0.01 and n = 500 voters.
(C) The mayor uses a significance level of 0.01 and n = 1,000 voters.
(D) The mayor uses a significance level of 0.05 and n = 500 voters.
(E) The mayor uses a significance level of 0.05 and n = 1,000 voters.

33. An automobile manufacturer claims that the average gas mileage of a new model is 35 miles per gallon (mpg). A
consumer group is skeptical of this claim and thinks the manufacturer may be overstating the average gas mileage.
If µ represents the true average gas mileage for this new model, which of the following gives the null and
alternative hypotheses that the consumer group should test?
H0: µ < 35 mpg
(A)
Ha: µ ≥ 35 mpg
H0: µ ≤ 35 mpg
(B)
Ha: µ > 35 mpg
H0: µ = 35 mpg
(C)
Ha: µ > 35 mpg
H0: µ = 35 mpg
(D)
Ha: µ < 35 mpg
H0: µ = 35 mpg
(E)
Ha: µ ≠ 35 mpg

AP Statistics Page 13 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

34. A company currently uses Brand A lightbulbs, which have a mean life of 1,000 hours. A salesperson marketing
Brand B, a new brand of bulb, contacts the company. The company will switch to the new brand of bulb only if
there is convincing evidence that the mean life of Brand B is greater than 1,000 hours. Which of the following
hypotheses should the company test?
H0 : The mean life of Brand B bulbs is 1,000 hours.
(A)
Ha : The mean life of Brand B bulbs is more than 1,000 hours.
H0 : The mean life of Brand B bulbs is 1,000 hours.
(B)
Ha : The mean life of Brand B bulbs is less than 1,000 hours.
H0 : The mean life of Brand A bulbs is 1,000 hours.
(C)
Ha : The mean life of Brand A bulbs is more than 1,000 hours.
H0 : The mean life of Brand A bulbs is 1,000 hours.
(D)
Ha : The mean life of Brand A bulbs is less than 1,000 hours.
H0 : The mean life of Brand A bulbs is equal to the mean life of Brand B bulbs.
(E)
Ha : The mean life of Brand A bulbs is not equal to the mean life of Brand B bulbs.

35. An airline claims that the mean flight time between City X and City Y is 38 minutes. After taking many flights, a
local business group believes that the claim is unrealistic and that the actual mean flight time is greater than 38
minutes. If the group conducts a study to investigate its belief, which of the following hypotheses should be tested?
(A) H0: x̅ = 38, versus Ha : x̅ ≠ 38
(B) H0: x̅ = 38, versus Ha : x̅ < 38
(C) H0: x̅ = 38, versus Ha : x̅ > 38
(D) H0: μ = 38, versus Ha : μ < 38
(E) H0: μ = 38, versus Ha : μ > 38

36. Perchlorate is a chemical used in rocket fuel. People who live near a former rocket-testing site are concerned that
perchlorate is present in unsafe amounts in their drinking water. Drinking water is considered safe when the average
level of perchlorate is 24.5 parts per billion (ppb) or less. A random sample of 28 water sources in this area
produces a mean perchlorate measure of 25.3 ppb. Which of the following is an appropriate alternative hypothesis
that addresses their concern?
(A) Ha : μ < 25.3
(B) Ha : μ > 25.3
(C) Ha : μ < 24.5
(D) Ha : μ > 24.5
(E) Ha : μ ≠ 24.5

37. A study was conducted using data collected on the birth weights of a random sample of 10 pairs of identical twins to
determine whether the twin born first tends to weigh more than the twin born second. Let μF represent the average
birth weight of all twins born first, μs represent the average birth weight of all twins born second, and μD represent
the average difference in birth weight (weight of first minus weight of second) for all pairs of twins. Which of the
following would be the null and alternative hypotheses for this study?

Page 14 of 22 AP Statistics
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

(A) H0 : μF = μs and Ha : μF < μs

(B) H0 : μF = μs and Ha : μF ≠ μs
(C) H0 : μD = 0 and Ha : μD > 0
(D) H0 : μF -μs = μD and Ha : μF -μs > μD
(E) H0 : μF -μs = μD and Ha : μF -μs ≠ μD

38. On their birthdays, employees at a large company are permitted to take a 60-minute lunch break instead of the usual
30 minutes. Data were obtained from 10 randomly selected company employees on the amount of time that each
actually took for lunch on his or her birthday. The company wishes to investigate whether these data provide
convincing evidence that the mean time is greater than 60 minutes. Of the following, which information would NOT
be expected to be a part of the process of correctly conducting a hypothesis test to investigate the question, at the
0.05 level of significance?
Being willing to assume that the distribution of actual birthday lunch times for all employees at the company
(A)
is approximately normal
(B) Knowing that there are no outliers in the data as indicated by the normal probability plot and boxplot
(C) Using a t-statistic to carry out the test
(D) Using 9 for the number of degrees of freedom
Given that the p-value is greater than 0.05, rejecting the null hypothesis and concluding that the mean time
(E)
was not greater than 60 minutes

39. An amateur men’s swimming association is trying to decide whether times in the 100-meter breaststroke will be
reduced if the men shave their heads. From the population of swimmers, six were selected at random and agreed to
swim two races—one before shaving their heads and one after shaving their heads. The results for each race, with
times in seconds, are given in the table below.

Let µ1 represent the population mean of swimming times before shaving and µ2 represent the population mean of
swimming times after shaving. Let µd represent the population mean of the differences, X1 - X2. These differences
follow a normal distribution. Which of the following would be the most appropriate test and alternative hypothesis
to use in testing this theory?
(A) A two-sample t-test with Ha : µ1 > µ2
(B) A two-sample t-test with Ha : µ1 ≠ µ2
(C) A two-sample t-test with Ha : µ1 < µ2
(D) A paired t-test with Ha : µd > 0
(E) A paired t-test with Ha : µd ≠ 0

AP Statistics Page 15 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

40. From a random sample of 50 people, sitting pulse rates and standing pulse rates were measured for each person. A
coin was flipped to determine whether the sitting or the standing pulse rate would be measured first. Let µsitting
represent the mean sitting pulse rate in the population, µstanding represent the mean standing pulse rate in the
population, and µd represent the mean of the differences between the sitting and standing (sitting - standing) pulse
rates in the population. Which of the following represents an appropriate test and hypotheses to determine if there is
a difference in mean pulse rates between sitting and standing in the population?
(A) A two-sample t-test with H0 : μsitting = μstanding and Ha : μsitting ≠ μstanding
(B) A two-sample t-test with H0 : μsitting = μstanding and Ha : μsitting < μstanding
(C) A two-sample z-test with H0 : μsitting = μstanding and Ha : μsitting ≠ μstanding
(D) A matched-pairs t-test with H0 : μd = 0 and Ha : μd ≠ 0
(E) A matched-pairs t--test with H0 : μd = 0 and Ha : μd < 0

41. A random sample of 50 students at a large high school resulted in a 95 percent confidence interval for the mean
number of hours of sleep per day of (6.73, 7.67). Which of the following statements best summarizes the meaning
of this confidence interval?
About 95% of all random samples of 50 students from this population would result in a 95% confidence
(A)
interval of (6.73, 7.67).
About 95% of all random samples of 50 students from this population would result in a 95% confidence
(B)
interval that covered the population mean number of hours of sleep per day.
(C) 95% of the students in the survey reported sleeping between 6.73 and 7.67 hours per day.
(D) 95% of the students in this high school sleep between 6.73 and 7.67 hours per day.
A student selected at random from this population sleeps between 6.73 and 7.67 hours per day for 95% of the
(E)
time.

42. A researcher constructed a 95 percent confidence interval for the mean number of alfalfa weevils on an alfalfa plant
within a field. Based on 80 randomly selected alfalfa plants, the researcher found an average of 2.5 alfalfa weevils
per plant and computed the 95 percent confidence interval to be 1.50 to 3.50. Which of the following statements is a
correct interpretation of the 95 percent confidence level?
Approximately 95 percent of alfalfa fields sampled will have an average of 1.50 to 3.50 alfalfa weevils per
(A)
plant, but nothing can be said about the sample mean number of alfalfa weevils for this or any other field.
Approximately 95 percent of alfalfa fields sampled will have an average of 1.50 to 3.50 alfalfa weevils per
(B) plant. The sample mean for this field was 2.50 alfalfa weevils per plant, but the sample means for other fields
may be different.
If we repeatedly sampled this field, taking samples of 80 plants and constructing 95% confidence intervals,
(C) then, approximately 95 percent of these intervals would include 2.5, the mean for the sample described
above.
If we repeatedly sampled this field, taking samples of 80 plants and constructing 95% confidence intervals,
(D) then, approximately 95 percent of these intervals would include the population mean number of alfalfa
weevils on an alfalfa plant in this field.
If we repeatedly sampled this field, taking samples of 80 plants and constructing 95% confidence intervals,
(E)
then, approximately 95 percent of these intervals would include the sample mean for that sample.

Page 16 of 22 AP Statistics
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

43. Based on a random sample of 50 students, the 90 percent confidence interval for the mean amount of money
students spend on lunch at a certain high school is found to be ($3.45, $4.15). Which of the following statements is
true?
90% of the time, the mean amount of money that all students spend on lunch at this high school will be
(A)
between $3.45 and $4.15.
(B) 90% of all students spend between $3.45 and $4.15 on lunch at this high school.
90% of all random samples of 50 students obtained at this high school would result in a sample mean amount
(C)
of money students spend on lunch between $3.45 and $4.15.
90% of all random samples of 50 students obtained at this high school would result in a 90% confidence
(D)
interval that contains the true mean amount of money students spend on lunch.
Approximately 45 of the 50 students in the random sample will spend between $3.45 and $4.15 on lunch at
(E)
this high school.

44. Monthly rent was determined for each apartment in a random sample of 100 apartments. The sample mean was
$820 and the sample standard deviation was $25. An approximate 95 percent confidence interval for the true mean
monthly rent for the population of apartments from which this sample was selected is ($815, $825). Which of the
following statements is a correct interpretation of the 95 percent confidence level?
(A) In this population, about 95 percent of all rental prices are between $815 and $825.
(B) In this sample, about 95 percent of the 100 rental prices are between $815 and $825.
In repeated sampling, the method produces intervals that include the population mean approximately 95
(C)
percent of the time.
In repeated sampling, the method produces intervals that include the sample mean approximately 95 percent
(D)
of the time.
(E) There is a probability of 0.95 that the true mean is between $815 and $825.

45. A statistician proposed a new method for constructing a 90 percent confidence interval to estimate the median of
assessed home values for homes in a large community. To test the method, the statistician will conduct a simulation
by selecting 10,000 random samples of the same size from the population. For each sample, a confidence interval
will be constructed using the new method. If the confidence level associated with the new method is actually 90
percent, which of the following will be captured by approximately 9,000 of the confidence intervals constructed
from the simulation?
(A) The sample mean
(B) The sample median
(C) The sample standard deviation
(D) The population mean
(E) The population median

46. A national survey asked randomly selected employed adults how many hours they work per week. Based on
the collected data, a percent confidence interval for the mean number of hours worked per week for all employed
adults was given as . Which of the following statements is a correct interpretation of the interval?

AP Statistics Page 17 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

(A) Ninety-five percent of all employed adults work between hours and hours per week.
The probability is that a sample of size will produce a mean between hours and
(B)
hours.
Of all samples of size taken from the population, of the samples will have a mean between
(C)
hours and hours.
We are confident that the mean number of hours worked per week for employed adults in the sample is
(D)
between hours and hours.
We are confident that the mean number of hours worked per week for all employed adults is between
(E)
hours and hours.

47. Ten students were randomly selected from a high school to take part in a program designed to raise their reading
comprehension. Each student took a test before and after completing the program. The mean of the differences
between the score after the program and the score before the program is 16. It was decided that all students in the
school would take part in this program during the next school year. Let µA denote the mean score after the program
and µB denote the mean score before the program for all students in the school. The 95 percent confidence interval
estimate of the true mean difference for all students in the school is (9, 23). Which of the following statements is a
correct interpretation of this confidence interval?
(A) µA > µB with probability 0.95.
(B) µA < µB with probability 0.95.
(C) µA is around 23 and µB is around 9.
(D) For any µA and µB with ( µA - µB) ≥ 14, the sample result is quite likely.
(E) For any µA and µB with 9 < ( µA - µB) < 23, the sample result is quite likely.

48. A 95 percent confidence interval for the mean time, in minutes, for a volunteer fire company to respond to
emergency incidents is determined to be (2.8, 12.3). Which of the following is the best interpretation of the interval?
(A) Five percent of the time, the time for response is less than 2.8 minutes or greater than 12.3 minutes.
The probability is 0.95 that a randomly selected time for response will be between 2.8 minutes and 12.3
(B)
minutes.
(C) Ninety-five percent of the time the mean time for response is between 2.8 minutes and 12.3 minutes.
(D) We are 95% confident that the mean time for response is between 2.8 minutes and 12.3 minutes.
We are 95% confident that a randomly selected time for response will be between 2.8 minutes and 12.3
(E)
minutes.

Page 18 of 22 AP Statistics
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

49. The recommended dietary allowance of iron for women under the age of is milligrams ( ) per day. A
medical researcher studying women living in a certain region suspected that the women were getting less than the
daily allowance of iron, on average. The researcher took a random sample of women under the age of from the
region and measured their daily iron intakes. The following hypotheses were tested at the significance level of
for the population mean of the daily iron intake for women in the region.

All conditions for inference were met, and the resulting -value was . Which of the following is an
appropriate conclusion?
The -value is less than , and the null hypothesis should be rejected. There is convincing statistical
(A)
evidence that the mean daily intake of iron for women in the region is less than the recommended .
The -value is less than , and the null hypothesis should be rejected. There is not convincing statistical
(B)
evidence that the mean daily intake of iron for women in the region is less than the recommended .
The -value is less than , and the null hypothesis should not be rejected. There is not convincing statistical
(C)
evidence that the mean daily intake of iron for women in the region is less than the recommended .
The -value is greater than , and the null hypothesis should be rejected. There is convincing statistical
(D)
evidence that the mean daily intake of iron for women in the region is less than the recommended .
The -value is greater than , and the null hypothesis should not be rejected. There is not convincing
(E) statistical evidence that the mean daily intake of iron for women in the region is less than the recommended
.

50. The National Honor Society at Central High School plans to sample a random group of 100 seniors from all high
schools in the state in which Central High School is located to determine the average number of hours per week
spent on homework. A 95 percent confidence interval for the mean number of hours spent on homework will then
be constructed using the sample data. Before selecting the sample, the National Honor Society decides that it wants
to decrease the margin of error. Which of the following is the best way to decrease the margin of error?
(A) Increase the confidence level to 99%
(B) Use the population standard deviation
(C) Use the sample standard deviation
(D) Increase the sample size
(E) Decrease the sample size

51. A large company is considering opening a franchise in St. Louis and wants to estimate the mean household income
for the area using a simple random sample of households. Based on information from a pilot study, the company
assumes that the standard deviation of household incomes is σ = $7,200. Of the following, which is the least
number of households that should be surveyed to obtain an estimate that is within $200 of the true mean household
income with 95 percent confidence?

AP Statistics Page 19 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

(A) 75
(B) 1,300
(C) 5,200
(D) 5,500
(E) 7,700

52. A large number of randomized experiments were conducted to determine whether taking a particular drug regularly
would decrease the chance of getting a certain disease. For each of the experiments, the drug effect is the difference
between the proportion of people taking the drug who got the disease and the proportion of people taking a placebo
who got the disease. If the drug had no effect whatsoever, which of the following experimental results would be
anticipated?

I. p-values will be greater than 0.05 for about 95 percent of the experiments.

II. There will be about an equal number of experiments showing positive and negative values of drug effect.

III. When 95 percent confidence intervals for the population drug effect are constructed, those confidence
intervals include 0 about 95 percent of the time.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I, II and III

53. Suppose that on a hypothesis test for a single population mean, Ha: μ < 10. Assume that Ha is true. For a fixed
sample size and significance level α, the power of the test will be greatest if the actual mean is which of the
following?
(A) 8
(B) 9
(C) 10
(D) 11
(E) 13

54. A large clinical trial was designed to determine whether a certain vitamin improves the general health of adults. The
investigators first identified 85 variables that measure various aspects of the general health of adults. Because each
adult in the clinical trial was to serve as his or her own control, the 85 variables were measured for each adult, both
before taking the vitamin and after taking the vitamin for three months. The investigators then performed 85
matched-pair t-tests, one for each variable. They found statistically significant results at the 0.05 level in 2 of the
variables, both in the direction of improved general health. Which of the following should the investigators
conclude?

Page 20 of 22 AP Statistics
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

There is evidence that the vitamin improves the health of adults because 2 of the 85 tests were statistically
(A)
significant.
There is evidence that the vitamin improves the health of adults because in clinical trials investigators
(B)
typically underestimate the proportion of the population that is helped by a vitamin.
There is insufficient evidence that the vitamin improves the health of adults because at the 0.05 significance
(C)
level, one could easily get statistically significant results in 2 out of 85 tests just due to chance variability.
There is insufficient evidence that the vitamin improves the health of adults because the sample size of 85 is
(D)
not large enough to draw a conclusion.
(E) No conclusion can be drawn because an even number of variables is needed for a matched-pairs design.

55. A large city newspaper periodically reports the mean cost of dinner for two people at restaurants in the city. The
newspaper staff will collect data from a random sample of restaurants in the city and estimate the mean price using
a 90 percent confidence interval. In past years, the standard deviation has always been very close to $35. Assuming
that the population standard deviation is $35, which of the following is the minimum sample size needed to obtain a
margin of error of no more than $5 ?
(A) 90
(B) 112
(C) 133
(D) 147
(E) 195

56. An environmental scientist wants to test the null hypothesis that an antipollution device for cars is not effective.
Under which of the following conditions would a Type I error be committed?
(A) The scientist concludes that the antipollution device is effective when it actually is not.
(B) The scientist concludes that the antipollution device is not effective when it actually is.
(C) The scientist concludes that the antipollution device is effective when it actually is.
(D) The scientist concludes that the antipollution device is not effective when it actually is not.
(E) A Type I error cannot be committed in this situation.

57. A one-sample -test for a proportion at the significance level of will be conducted for the following set
of hypotheses.

For which of the following is the probability of a Type error the greatest?
(A) A sample size of and a true proportion of
(B) A sample size of and a true proportion of
(C) A sample size of and a true proportion of
(D) A sample size of and a true proportion of
(E) A sample size of and a true proportion of

AP Statistics Page 21 of 22
 Test Booklet

March MCQ - 2-Prop Inference, 1-Sample Inference, Errors and Power

58. A two-sided t-test for a population mean is conducted of the null hypothesis H0 : μ = 100. If a 90 percent t-interval
constructed from the same sample data contains the value of 100, which of the following can be concluded about
the test at a significance level of a = 0.10 ?
(A) The p-value is less than 0.10, and H0 should be rejected.
(B) The p-value is less than 0.10, and H0 should not be rejected.
(C) The p-value is greater than 0.10, and H0 should be rejected.
(D) The p-value is greater than 0.10, and H0 should not be rejected.
(E) There is not enough information given to make a conclusion about the p-value and H0.

59. The president of a large company recommends that employees perform, on average, 24 hours of community service
each year. The president believes that the mean number of hours of community service performed last year was
different from the recommended 24 hours. To estimate the mean number of hours of community service performed
last year, the president obtained data from a random sample of employees and used the data to construct the 95
percent confidence interval (20.37, 23.49). If all conditions for inference were met, does the interval provide
convincing statistical evidence, at a level of significance of , to support the president’s belief that the
mean number of hours of community service performed last year is different from what is recommended?
(A) Yes, the interval supports the president’s belief because 0 is not contained in the interval.
(B) Yes, the interval supports the president’s belief because 24 is not contained in the interval.
No, the interval does not support the president’s belief because a 90% confidence interval is required for a
(C)
5% level of statistical evidence.
No, the interval does not support the president’s belief because confidence intervals should only be used for
(D)
estimation and cannot provide convincing statistical evidence.
No, the interval does not support the president’s belief because the significance level is equal to 1 minus the
(E)
confidence level, indicating that the results are not convincing.

60. In a test of the null hypothesis H0: µ = 10 against the alternative hypothesis Ha: µ > 10, a sample from a normal
population produces a mean of 13.4. The z-score for the sample is 2.12 and the p-value is 0.017. Based on these
statistics, which of the following conclusions could be drawn?
(A) There is reason to conclude that µ > 10.
(B) Due to random fluctuation, 48.3 percent of the time a sample produces a mean larger than 10.
(C) 1.7 percent of the time, rejecting the alternative hypothesis is in error.
(D) 1.7 percent of the time, the mean is above 10.
(E) 98.3 percent of the time, the mean is below 10.

Page 22 of 22 AP Statistics