Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1K views

    Spread Spectrum

    Uploaded by

    api-3824873
    This document discusses spread spectrum modulation, which was originally developed for military communication to avoid detection, eavesdropping, and jamming. It describes direct sequence spread spectrum and frequency hopping spread spectrum modulation. Direct sequence spread spectrum multiplies a message signal by a pseudorandom noise code to spread its bandwidth. Frequency hopping spread spectrum randomly switches the carrier frequency according to a pseudorandom sequence. Spread spectrum provides advantages like resistance to jamming and enabling multiple access communication.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Spread Spectrum

    Uploaded by

    api-3824873
    1K views20 pages
    This document discusses spread spectrum modulation, which was originally developed for military communication to avoid detection, eavesdropping, and jamming. It describes direct sequence spread spectrum and frequency hopping spread spectrum modulation. Direct sequence spread spectrum multiplies a message signal by a pseudorandom noise code to spread its bandwidth. Frequency hopping spread spectrum randomly switches the carrier frequency according to a pseudorandom sequence. Spread spectrum provides advantages like resistance to jamming and enabling multiple access communication.

    Original Description:

    This file contains presentation on Spread Spectrum.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses spread spectrum modulation, which was originally developed for military communication to avoid detection, eavesdropping, and jamming. It describes direct sequence spread spectrum and frequency hopping spread spectrum modulation. Direct sequence spread spectrum multiplies a message signal by a pseudorandom noise code to spread its bandwidth. Frequency hopping spread spectrum randomly switches the carrier frequency according to a pseudorandom sequence. Spread spectrum provides advantages like resistance to jamming and enabling multiple access communication.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    1K views20 pages

    Spread Spectrum

    Uploaded by

    api-3824873
    This document discusses spread spectrum modulation, which was originally developed for military communication to avoid detection, eavesdropping, and jamming. It describes direct sequence spread spectrum and frequency hopping spread spectrum modulation. Direct sequence spread spectrum multiplies a message signal by a pseudorandom noise code to spread its bandwidth. Frequency hopping spread spectrum randomly switches the carrier frequency according to a pseudorandom sequence. Spread spectrum provides advantages like resistance to jamming and enabling multiple access communication.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    SPREAD SPECTRUM

    MODULATION

    PRESENTED BY
    SUSHANTA SARKAR
    4TH YEAR ETC
    REG NO.120507004
    ID NO.120705304
    Need for spread spectrum
    Spread spectrum modulation was originally developed
    for military to be used in the battle ground and in the
    hostile territories where the enemy always tries to
    intrude into the communication system of the friendly
    forces to steal information and to jam the systems.

    The main objectives of spread spectrum


    modulation were :-
    • To avoid being detected.
    • To prevent eavesdropping.
    • To prevent the jamming of signals.
    Characteristics of Spread Spectrum
    Modulation
    • They are difficult to intercept by an
    unauthorized person.
    • They are easily hidden.
    • They are resistant to jamming.
    • They have multiple access capability.
    WHAT IS SPREAD SPECTRUM
    • A type of modulation in which the modulated signal
    bandwidth is much greater than the message signal
    bandwidth.
    • The spreading of the message signal spectrum is done by a
    spreading code called Pseudo Noise Code (PN Code) which
    is independent of the message signal.
    Types of Spread Spectrum
    • Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS/SS)
    • Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FH/SS)
    • Time Hopping Spread Spectrum (TH/SS)
    Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
    Modulation
    • In DS/SS a binary polar signal representing PN
    code is used to multiply the message signal which
    is also represented by a binary polar signal.

    Data m(t) × S(t)


    Sequence
    C(t)
    PN
    Code
    generator
    Modulator
    Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
    Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

    ∑
    X(t) Y(t)

    X(t) = transmitter output


    J(t) J(t) = jamming signal
    Y(t) = X(t) + J(t)

    X Low-pass M(t)
    Y(t)
    filter
    C(t)

    Local PN
    sequence
    generator U(t) Demodulator
    Advantages of DS/SS Modulation

    • The DS/SS allows greater capacity by


    allowing multiple access communication.
    • Several users can occupy the same
    frequency spectrum simultaneously, and
    frequency bands can be reused without
    separation distance of users.
    • Resistant to multipath fading in ground
    based mobile radio communication.
    Limitations of DS/SS
    • It suffers from Near-Far problem.
    • Device limitation imposes restriction in the
    length of the PN code which in turn
    imposes limitation on the frequency band
    over which the spreading takes place. This
    signal can be jammed by some wide band
    jammers.
    Frequency Hopping Spread
    Spectrum Modulation
    • The type of spread spectrum in which carrier hops randomly
    from one frequency to another is called Frequency Hop (FH)
    spread spectrum.

    FH/SS are of two types:-


    • Slow Frequency Hopping (SFH) :- In slow frequency hopping
    the symbol rate of the input signal is an integer multiple of the
    frequency hopping rate. That is several symbol are transmitted
    on each frequency hop.
    • Fast Frequency Hopping (FFH) :- In fast frequency hopping the
    frequency hopping rate is an integer multiple of the input
    symbol rate . That is the carrier frequency will change or hop
    several times during the transmission of the one symbol.
    Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum

    Binary
    FH/SS signal

    ×
    data FSK Band pass
    modulator filter

    Frequency
    synthesizer

    . . . . ..
    PN code
    generator Modulator
    Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum

    Received Estimation of

    ×
    Signal binary data
    Band pass FSK
    filter Demodulator

    Frequency
    Synthesizer

    .. ...
    Local PN sequence Demodulator
    generator
    Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum
    Frequency selection in FH/SS
    Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum
    FH/SS Cycles
    Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum
    Bandwidth Sharing
    Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum
    Advantages of FH/SS Limitation of FH/SS
    • FH/SS is less • Does not have the
    susceptible to Near- same degree of
    Far problem then jamming resistance as
    DS/SS. DS/SS.
    • It can achieve much • SFH has limited
    higher processing multipath immunity.
    gains than DS/SS.
    Application of Spread Spectrum
    Modulation
    • In cellular telephony using CDMA.
    • Global Positioning System.
    • Secured military communication.
    • In satellite television.
    References:-
    • www.wikipedia.org
    • Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems,
    B.P Lathi
    • Communication Systems, Simon Haykins
    • Data Communication and Networking, Forouzan
    • www.freepatentsonline.com
    Thank You

    You might also like