ST4SD - Program Schedule - Day 1
ST4SD - Program Schedule - Day 1
ST4SD - Program Schedule - Day 1
24
Recap Day 1 Recap Day 2 Recap Day 3 Introduction
Module Inauguration
Module Leader Blended Learning & Digital
09h00 Participants Feedback, Giving & Receiving Active learning & Storytelling Toolbox
What the industry need?
Introduction to EHL Types of feedback Definition & importance Principles of digital teaching &
10h30 Explore the research from the
Inaugural Quiz Feedback vs Feedforward 6 types of Learning Types learning
different institutes
(individual & team) Five criteria of feedback Types of Learning Activities Traditional vs Blended vs Flipped
Group discussions
Impacts of feedback Storytelling Learning
Digital Toolbox Demo
12h30
LUNCH LUNCH LUNCH LUNCH LUNCH
13h30
Elaborate what the training
should be
Question Techniques
OOO Session OOO Session OOO/OOM Session Prioritize the objectives and topics
13h30 Application of question techniques
Actual Run Actual Run Actual Run for maximum impact
15h00 Values of questions
Facilitation plan coaching Facilitation plan coaching Facilitation plan coaching Draft the program and compare with
Types of questions
initial thoughts of EHL
Draft plan and role-out of partners
Recap Day 4
17h15
Recap Day 1 Recap Day 2 Recap Day 3 Module Closure
17h30 Q&A and Feedback
Pre-requisites for Day 2 Pre-requisites for Day 4 OOO & OOM Videos – sending to
Homework OOO Facilitation Plan
Pre-requisites for Day 3
OOM Facilitation
Pre-requisites for Day 5
Lausanne for evaluation
Explain the learning process (what makes people want to learn, actually learn, retain what they learn, and apply what they learn).
Explain the impacts of question techniques and active learning in stimulating and facilitating learning.
Deliver your course content using the appropriate pedagogical methodologies for an optimal training.
Defend the importance of active learning on the learners’ mastery of their subject.
(https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/hotel-staff-training)
ANDRAGOGY
PEDAGOGY
ADULTS LEARNING
CHILDREN’S LEARNING
RESOURCES FOR The learner has few resources — the teacher devises transmission
Adults use their own and other’s experience.
LEARNING techniques to store knowledge in the learner’s head.
REASONS FOR Adults learn when they experience a need to know or to perform more
Learn in order to advance to the next stage.
LEARNING effectively.
Motivation comes from external sources — usually parents, teachers, and Motivation stems from internal sources — the increased self-esteem, confidence
MOTIVATION
a sense of competition. and recognition that come from successful performance.
ROLE OF THE TEACHER Designs the learning process, imposes material, is assumed to know best. Enabler or facilitator, climate of collaboration, respect and openness
11h00
12h30
Bloom’s Taxonomy
In Bloom’s Taxonomy from 1956, he outlined six main categories: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
In 2001, a group of cognitive psychologists, curriculum theorists, instructional researchers, and testing specialists revised the category names
of Bloom’s Taxonomy from nouns to verbs.
Closed questions (aka the “Polar” question) Closed or “polar” questions generally invite a one-word answer, such as “yes” or “no.” For example, “Do you drive?” or, “Did you take my pen?” They could also include
answers to factual or multiple-choice questions, such as “What’s your name?” or “Would you like tea, coffee, or water?”They’re popular as icebreaker questions in group situations because they’re easy to answer. Of course,
most questions can be opened up for further discussion, including closed questions — but more on that later. Useful for: warming up group discussions, getting a quick answer
Open questions Open-ended questions require a little more thought and generally encourage wider discussion and elaboration. They can’t be answered with a simple yes or no response. For example: “What do you think of
your boss?” or “Why did you choose that car?” Useful for: critical or creative discussion, finding out more information about a person or subject
Probing questions These questions help gain clarification and encourage others to tell you more information about a subject. Probing questions are usually a series of questions that dig deeper and provide a fuller picture. For
example: “When do you need the finished project,” and “Is it ok if I email it to you?” Useful for: seeing the bigger picture, encouraging a reluctant speaker to tell you more information, avoiding misunderstandings
Leading questions These questions are designed to lead the respondent towards a specific desired positive or negative route. In the workplace, you might encounter leading questions such as: “Do you have any issues with the
project?” or “Did you enjoy working on that project?” The former subtly prompts the respondent towards a negative response, the latter towards a positive. Asking, “How did you get on with that project?” will get you a more
balanced answer. Leading questions could also involve an appeal at the end designed to coerce the respondent into agreeing with the speaker. For example, “This project is going well, isn’t it?” encourages the respondent to say
“yes.” This works particularly well because, psychologically, we prefer saying yes over no when we’re on the spot. Useful for: building positive discussions, closing a sale, steering a conversation towards an outcome that
serves your interest
Funnel questions As with a funnel, these questions begin broadly before narrowing to a specific point — or vice versa. When meeting someone new, we usually begin with specific, closed questions, such as “What’s your
name?” and “What do you do?” — before broadening out into more open-ended questions, such as “Why did you choose to be a firefighter?” as you become more comfortable talking to each other. “What do you do for a
living? Do you work nights? Did you see a break-in? Was there more than one person?” And so on. Useful for: building relationships, discovering precise information, diffusing arguments
Recall and process questions Recall questions require the recipient to remember a fact. For example, “What’s seven times seven?” and “Where did you put the keys?” or “What’s your login password?” Process questions, on
the other hand, require the respondent to add their own opinion to their answer. These types of questions can be used to test the respondent’s depth of knowledge about a particular topic. For example: “What are the advantages
of asking a closed question?” or “Why are you the right person to lead this project?” Useful for: encouraging critical thought and in-depth evaluation of a subject in tests, interviews, or discussions
Andragogy là khái niệm học tập học tập của người lớn từ đó chỉ ra những điểm khác biệt trong phương pháp học tập so
với cách học của trẻ em. Không giống trẻ em khi đến trường, người trường thành có toàn quyền kiểm soát việc họ có
tham gia tập huấn, đào tạo hay không và họ cũng toàn quyền quyết định việc đến học và ở lại lớp học. Giáo viên có thể
rút ra các khái niệm về Andragogy để tăng hiệu quả của các lớp học của người trưởng thành.
Andragogy dựa theo nghiên cứu của Malcolm Shepherd Knowles đưa ra năm 1968. Trước đây, ông đã có nhiều nghiên cứu và
phân tích về khái niệm học tập sư phạm cho trẻ em. Điều quan trọng nhất trong phát hiện của Knowles là phương pháp học của
người trưởng thành có những khác biệt đặc trưng so với cách học của trẻ em dựa theo những đặc điểm về độ tuổi, tính cách, kinh
Knowles đã đưa ra 5 giả thuyết về phương pháp và đặc điểm học tập của người trưởng thành dựa trên những nghiên cứu của
mình.
Dựa theo những giả thuyết về đặc điểm học của người trưởng thành, Knowles đã đưa ra bốn nguyên tắc cơ bản mà các nhà giáo
dục có thể xem xét khi thiết kế và đưa ra chương trình học phù hợp.
1. Vì người học trưởng thành có thể đưa ra định hướng học tập của bản thân, họ nên có tiếng nói trong nội dung và quá trình học
tập của họ. Ví dụ, khi tham gia vào một khóa học, người học có thể đưa ra những góc nhìn của bản thân, muốn được “tham gia”
vào việc học của mình hơn là đơn thuần tiếp nhận thông tin từ giảng viên.
2. Với những kinh nghiệm đúc kết từ quá trình làm việc và học tập của bản thân, người học sẽ không muốn bắt đầu học một thứ gì
đó quá mới mẻ mà họ chưa từng gặp trong quá trình làm việc. Thay vào đó, người trưởng thành sẽ muốn những kiến thức mình
học được sẽ có thể thêm vào hoặc bổ trợ cho những gì họ đã học được trong quá khứ.
3. Trong môi trường làm việc, người lớn luôn mong muốn được trau dồi kiến thức, kỹ năng hay kinh nghiệm thực tế để giúp họ cải
thiện năng suất và hiệu quả công việc tốt hơn. Vì vậy nội dung giảng dạy cần tập trung vào các vấn đề liên quan đến công việc
hoặc cuộc sống cá nhân của người học.
4. Ngoài ra, việc học tập nên tập trung vào giải quyết các vấn đề, khó khăn đang xảy ra nhằm đưa ra cho người học những giải
pháp hay định hướng giải quyết thay vì ghi nhớ nội dung.
Getting the hang of the different types of questions isn’t just about scoring better answers and creating solid connections. It’s also your ticket to
steering clear of awkward misunderstandings and dodging those cringe-worthy communication breakdowns.
When Thomas Kuhn said, “The answers you get depend on the questions you ask,” he was definitely onto something.
Let’s explore the everyday types of questions people ask and the answers they’re likely to elicit.
Types of questions
Closed or “polar” questions generally invite a one-word answer, such as “yes” or “no.” For example, “Do you drive?” or, “Did you take my
pen?” They could also include answers to factual or multiple-choice questions, such as “What’s your name?” or “Would you like tea, coffee, or
water?”
They’re popular as icebreaker questions in group situations because they’re easy to answer. Of course, most questions can be opened up for
further discussion, including closed questions — but more on that later.
Open questions
Useful for: critical or creative discussion, finding out more information about a person or subject
Probing questions
These questions help gain clarification and encourage others to tell you more information about a subject. Probing questions are usually a series
of questions that dig deeper and provide a fuller picture. For example: “When do you need the finished project,” and “Is it ok if I email it to
you?”
Useful for: seeing the bigger picture, encouraging a reluctant speaker to tell you more information, avoiding misunderstandings
Leading questions
These questions are designed to lead the respondent towards a specific desired positive or negative route.
In the workplace, you might encounter leading questions such as: “Do you have any issues with the project?” or “Did you enjoy working on that
project?” The former subtly prompts the respondent towards a negative response, the latter towards a positive. Asking, “How did you get on with
that project?” will get you a more balanced answer.
Leading questions could also involve an appeal at the end designed to coerce the respondent into agreeing with the speaker. For example, “This
project is going well, isn’t it?” encourages the respondent to say “yes.” This works particularly well because, psychologically, we prefer saying
yes over no when we’re on the spot.
Useful for: building positive discussions, closing a sale, steering a conversation towards an outcome that serves your interest
A word of warning: It’s important to use leading questions carefully; they can be seen as an unfair way of getting the answer you want.
Loaded questions are seemingly straightforward, closed questions — with a twist: they contain an assumption about the respondent. Lawyers
and journalists famously use them to trick their interviewees into admitting a fundamental truth they would otherwise be unwilling to disclose.
For example, the question: “Have you stopped stealing pens?” assumes the respondent stole a pen more than once. Whether she answers yes or
no, she will admit to having stolen pens at some point.
Of course, the preferred response would be: “I have never stolen a pen in my life.” But it’s not always easy to spot the trap. These questions are
quite rightly seen as manipulative.
Useful for: discovering facts about someone who would otherwise be reluctant to offer up the information
Funnel questions
As with a funnel, these questions begin broadly before narrowing to a specific point — or vice versa.
When meeting someone new, we usually begin with specific, closed questions, such as “What’s your name?” and “What do you do?” — before
broadening out into more open-ended questions, such as “Why did you choose to be a firefighter?” as you become more comfortable talking to
each other.
The reverse — beginning with a broad question before honing in on something specific — is often used when questioning witnesses to gain the
maximum amount of information about a person or situation. For example, “What do you do for a living? Do you work nights? Did you see a
break-in? Was there more than one person?” And so on.
Funnel questions can also be used to diffuse tension: asking someone to go into detail about their issue distracts them from their anger and gives
you the information you need to offer them a solution, which in turn calms them down and makes them think something positive is being done to
help them.
Recall questions require the recipient to remember a fact. For example, “What’s seven times seven?” and “Where did you put the keys?” or
“What’s your login password?” Process questions, on the other hand, require the respondent to add their own opinion to their answer. These
types of questions can be used to test the respondent’s depth of knowledge about a particular topic. For example: “What are the advantages of
asking a closed question?” or “Why are you the right person to lead this project?”
Useful for: encouraging critical thought and in-depth evaluation of a subject in tests, interviews, or discussions
Rhetorical questions
These are a different beast altogether because they don’t really require an answer. They’re simply statements phrased as questions to make the
conversation more engaging for the listener, who is drawn into agreeing with you.
For example, “Isn’t it nice working with such a friendly team?” is more engaging than “This team is friendly,” which doesn’t require any mental
participation from the respondent.
Coaches or public speakers often use rhetorical questions to get the audience thinking and agreeing. In this way, they’re a not-too-distant cousin
of the leading question.
Divergent questions
Divergent questions are designed to explore various possibilities and perspectives. Instead of seeking a specific answer, they encourage creative
thinking. For instance: “What are some alternative approaches to solving this problem?” or “How can we tackle this project from a different
angle?”
Evaluation questions
Inference questions
Inference questions prompt individuals to draw conclusions based on existing information. For example: “What do you think the client’s reaction
will be to this proposal?” or “Based on the data, what trends can we infer about market preferences?”
Comparison questions
Comparison questions involve analyzing similarities and differences between options. “How does feature A of our product compare to a similar
feature in our competitor’s product?” or “What are the pros and cons of the two approaches we’re considering?”
Application questions
Application questions focus on how knowledge or skills can be applied in real-world scenarios. For instance: “How can the insights from our
recent training be applied to improve customer service?” or “In what situations do you see using the new software?”
Problem-solving questions
Problem-solving questions are geared toward finding solutions to challenges. “What steps can we take to address the current project delays?” or
“How would you approach resolving conflicts within the team?”
Affective questions delve into emotions and feelings, offering insights beyond factual information. For example: “How did you feel about the
outcome of the last client presentation?” or “What emotions do you associate with our recent achievements?”
Structuring Questions
Structuring questions help organize information and thoughts. “Can you outline the key steps in our upcoming marketing campaign?” or “How
would you structure the proposal to make it more convincing?”
A word on tone
Understanding tone, context, intonation, and body language helps us interpret all types of questions effectively. However, introducing
technology, like a digital screen between interlocutors, adds a layer of complexity.
Emojis and gifs have made their way into the workplace, and they’re not going anywhere. They undeniably enrich interpersonal communication,
offering a touch of humanity to digital interactions. When used adeptly, emojis and gifs inject a bit of fun into workplace communication.
By being mindful of tone while mastering the types of questions, you can elevate your work relationships to a whole new level.
The way you use questions to engage with your students can have a big effect on your lesson. Here are some tips to help you get the most out of
your questions.
Start with a question on the board to focus them, arouse curiosity or give them a puzzle to solve:
For Example: Is a couch potato a) a type of vegetable? b) a piece of furniture? c) a type of person?
Prepare the questions you need to ask to elicit the vocabulary or language you wish to practice. Working it through in your mind
beforehand helps you teach more effectively – plan thoroughly. Do your questions get the answers you need? Check them again before
your lesson.
If a student cannot answer your question do not wait in silence and humiliate them.
Rephrase your question or ask them a further question to lead them towards the information you need.
Encourage others to suggest answers.
Allow answers to be whispered to help – make this rule clear at the start of the activity.
Do not settle for one correct response. Get suggestions from more students, involving the whole class.
If you would like students to discuss a topic or an issue it is best to use open-ended questions like What? When? How? Direct questions
like : Do you like going to the beach? will not generate much language, only a Yes/No response.
Hesitate before answering your own questions or you will dominate and risk inhibiting student talk.
By Clare Lavery