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CLASS 11th
S.no Scientist name
Contribution/Awards NCERT page no.
1) Ernst Mayr a) called as Darwin of20 NCERT page 2 Class 11th bio
century
b) awarded with triple.crown
of biology
2) Carolus Linnaeus a) gave the system of NCERT page 6 Class 11th bio
binomial
nomenclature NCERT page 16 Class 11th bio
b) gave the system of two eok uwas basi)
NCERT page 29 Class 11th bio
kingdom classification
c) gave artificial system of
classification
a) earliest to attempt a more
3) Aristotlee NCERT page 16 Class,11" bjio
scientific basis of u, unuspe Mub
L0 classification
opoua P4al gave kingdom duunsah-RLeOLdBloed
4) R.H Whittaker a) gave 5 kingdom system of, NCERT page 17 Class 11th bio
Y eua
classiticationbody aauaatnr, mwon
in 1969
L l ot
uupeo pu NCERTuuute u!huenp
5) Carl Woese a) gave 6 kingdom Nofin (r911) 0TBb JNA
classification achae actua kukasya 4He
6) D.J.Iveanoskady
Betith-ddnahs

Amini
a) ecognized
recognized certain
certain
microbes as causal
organisms of tobacco
NCERT page 26 Class 11tbio

089 mosaic disease

b) found that virus were
smaller
than bacteria and passed
through bacteria proof
filter

7) M.w.Beijerinek a) contagium vivum fluidum NCERT page 26 Class 11th bio

b)gavethe name virus

a) viruses could be
8 w.M.Stanley crystallised and these
NCERT page 26 Class 11th
bio
35) crystals consisted largely of
proteins
9) T.O.Diener a) discovered viroids in1971 NCERT page 27 Class 11th bio

Cauuuo 0ako Apudu wbu aista

dunmaud uar Metacr uyumd slait obac
ncd alud
CDUlcl cau CoukayUM
uetiw Vuumhlalty
dlluut (mKau UMMg
ua
uid)
 gave natural system of
NCERT page 30 Class 11th bio
10) Bentham and a)
classification
Hooker
NCERT page 64 Class 11th bio
11) Katherine Esau a) reported that curly top
virus spreads in a plant
through phloem
b) dominated the field of
plant biology even at the
age of 99
NCERT page 124 Class 11th
| 12) G.N.Ramachandran a) discoveredtriple helical bio
structure of collagen
b) gave Ramachandran plot
for conformational analysis
of proteins
a) published models of a NCERT page 124 Class 11th
13) Linus Pauling helix and B-sheet bio

structures of proteins
a) saw first live cell NCERT page 125 Class 11th
14) Leeuwenhoek bio
a) discovered nucleus NCERT page 125 Class 11th
15) Robert Brown bio
(1831)
16) Matthias Schielden a) observed that ali plants are NCERT page 125 Class 11th
composed of different bio
(1838) wast) kinds of cells
b) gave cell theory with
schwann
17) Thedore Schwann a) animal cells have plasma NCERT page 126 Class 11th
membrane bio
(1839 Ugun) b) presence of cell wallis a
unique character to plane
cells
c) gave cell theory along with
schielden
a) explained the concept of NCERT page 126 Class 11th
18) Rudolf Virchow bio
omnis cellula-e-cellula and
mcdified cell theory
19) Singer and Nicolson a) fluid mosaic model of cell NCERT page 132 Class 11th
membrane bio
(1972)
a) discovered golgi comple
20) Camillo golgi NCERT page 133 Class 11"h
bio
(1898)

21) George Palade a) discovered ribosomes NCERT page 136 Class 11th
(palade particles) bio
(1953)
 CNR Ra8 aAanndnm
Cuum, Amwuatl pua 143
22) Flemming MydnAhac
a) coined the term NCERT page 138 Class 11th
23 Melvin Calvin chromatin bio
a) put radioactivity to NCERT page 174 Class 11th
beneficial use
24) Julius Von Sachs b) proposed Calvin Cycle F. ndu
a) discovered hydroponics NCERT page 194.Clasb 11th -Cl
(1860) Lcki)
MO bio
oLgous ac
%)provided evidence for by
production of glucos NCERT page 208 Class 11th
bio
growingplants (151
c) found that chlorophyf is
located in chloroplasts
d) glucose is formed in green
parts of the plant and is
storedasstarch
25) Joseph Priestley a) revealed essential roleof NCERT page 207 class 11th
eul 4 p mANt air in growth of plants(l770bio
b) discovered oxygen in 1774
c) said that plants restore
Oxygen in air
26) Jan Ingenhousz a) showed that sunlightis NCERT page 207 Class 11th
essential for photosynthesis
bi Auma 4uotuG4
AUMUaL to b) green parts of plants ,
release oxygen during|. hydLLa),
photosynthesis unilql udaik
271 T.W.Engelmaupdf photosynthesis
a) gave first action spectrum NCERT page 208 Class 11th
Ld CLadapluota L f photgsynthesis bio

28) Cornelius Van Neil á)ahowed that oxygen

evolved in photosynthesis
NCERT page 208 Class 11th
bio
ALCDiLibUtuP)
studuus
A W0 Y AUUp comes
balotilia co frpm yyater apd not AunOy LLg
29) Blackmann a) gave Blackmanrf's law of |NCERT page 222 Class 11th
limiting factors bio
(1905)
30) Embden, Meyerhof a) gave mechanism of NCERT page 228 Class 11th
glycolysis (EMP pathway) bio
and Parnas
31) Hans Krebs a) gave Krebs' cycle NCERT page 231 Class 11th
mst uuwana e bio
32) Charles Darwin and à) observed that coleoptiles NCERT page 247 Class 11th
of canary grass bend bio
Francis Darwin
towards the light source
a) isolated Auxin from tip of NCERT page 247 Class 11th
33) F.W.Went bio
pomkd- agdeaEeRes ofoat seedlings
34) E.Kurosawazymproheahseoveréstgihbereti.acttNCERT
bio page 248 Class 11"|
KQluamaL dtdw umi R6)_-
wtT35 Miller et.al ay ediscevered cytokinins NCERT page 248 Class 11th
u l lhag duubyud ACLptallue4bio
md4
-odn gmumk, r tabacoN Ans ,Call
 Au LAtid
8 udend
Md 19b0 p U e Chmw

al discovered ethylene NCERT page z48 Cass 11'

36) H.H.Cousins bio
Q10
} discovered Organ of Corti
NCERT page 256 Class 11th
37) Alfonso Corti bio

Class 12th
S.no
Scientist name Contribution/Awards NCERT page no.
NCERT page 2 Class 12th bio
1) Panchanan a) popularised use of
embryological aspects in
Maheshwari
taxonomy
2) Watson and Crick a) double helical model of
B NCERT page 63 Class 12th bio
DNA
3) Gregor Mendel a) perfornmed experiments on NCERT page 70 Class 12th bio
garden peas and gave
(1856-1863) various laws
4) Reginald.c.Punnett a) british geneticist who NCERT page 71 Class 12th bio
developed punnett square
5). De Vries, Correns,. a) rediscovered mendel>'s NCERT page 81 Class 12th bio
results
Tschemark
6) Sutton and Boveri a) noted that behaviour of NCERT page 81 Class 12th bio
chromosomes is similar to
that of genes
b) gave chromosomal theory NCERT page 83 Class 12th bio
of inheritance
7) Thomas Morgan a) proved chromosomal NCERT page 83 Class 12th bio
theory of inheritance
mkngu |b) called as Father of
Experimental Genetics
8) Alfred Sturtevant a created the genetic map of NCERT page 83 Class 12th bio
drosophila
9) Henking a) gave the name X-Body NCERT page 85 Class 12th bio

10) Fredrich Meischer a) gave the name of acidic NCERT page 97 Class 12th bio
l66 substance found in the

11) Maurice Wilkins & a gave X-Ray difraction data

| NCERT page 97 Class 12th bio
Rosalind Franklin on the basis of which
Watson and crick gave
double helix model
12) Erwin Chargaff AT
Mds oMA GCoiut. NCERT page 97 Class 17th i
a
|13) Francis Crick g a v e Central Dé
NGERT page 98 Class 12th bio
uotwulanBiology DNAM
DAICk
64u oAA953, . udud AY uupu auu guu dousw
ang AADdu

ehaw
 14) Fredrick(195)
Grifith lua t NA m uuomAp
d) gave the
(1928) tr¡nsformation NCERT page
e 0 0 Class
100 12 aM
15 A Cutin principlePMOuMOCmeu
Ahuptoto~u AuwiiaL
uabwMcCarty
uaAMAHMM CAY0kan
R
ot
u

puncihl material
proved for the first time
that DNA is
NCERT page 101 Class 12th
the genetic bio

16) Alfred Hershey & material_14 102

a) gave the uneuivocal Y NCERT page 101 Class 12th

Martha Chase (454) proof that DNA is the bio

genetic material
17) Meselson &Stahl a) proved that DNA NCERT page 101 Class 12th

(1954) replication is semi

conservative in nature
bio

18) George Gamow a) argued that genetic code

should be made up of 3
NCERT page 111 Class 12th
bio

uouta Couuuu nucleotides

19 Hargobind KHOfana á)developed aethod NCERT page 112 Class 12th
useful to from RNA bio

molecules with defined

sequenceof basegooOuCpoluyuua

a) developed cell free NCERT page 112 Class 12t

20) Marshall Nirenberg a

system for protein

synthesisnaiy klypjca o tu tgdi to
a) explained Lac Operon
hlicpdsuLd
NCERT page 116 Class 12th
21) Jacob &Monad bio
'guMukiARLbmhmut NCERT page 122 Class 12th
a) developed the technique
22) Alec Jeffreys bio
ofDNAfingerprinting
s Disproved the theory of NCERT page 127 Class 12th

y spontaneousgeneration bio
a) proposed that lifee NCERT page 127 Class 12th
24)KOparin & Háldane a originated from non-living
Maiame
organic molecules
a) proved the theory given by NCERT page 127 Class 12th
25) S.L.Miller s 3 Oparin &Haldane (in 1953) bio
a) Natural Selection NCERT page 134 Class 12th
26) Charles Darwin b) Branching Descent bio
a) came to similar NCERT page 129 Class 12th
27) Alfred Wallace
conclusions as Charles bio
MAuualins Darwin while working in
Malay Archipelagoislands
a) gavethe theory of use and NCERT page 135 Class 12th
| 28) Lamarck
AMNchw Mdtnalot disuse of organs
bio
a) published his work on NCERT page 135 Class 12th
29) Thomas Malthus
population studies which bio
inspired Darwin
a) gave the concept of NCERT page 135 Class 12th
30) Hugo De Vries Saltation which played role bio

inevolution
uohahd
uduiok Jaugu lmuu tu a t
AMLMAOo_dAulApIA L_him
 a) gave a principle according
NCERT page 136 Class 12
31) Hardy-Weinberg 'twhichgene frequency bio
ir a population remains

sarreacross generations
M.S.Swaminathan a)Fatherof Green Revolution
NCERT page 144 Ciass 12th
32) in Ir:dia
bio

a) discovered blood NCERT page 145 Class 12th

33) William Harvey
circalation bio
b) disproved the concept of
Black Bile
al was a cook and a carrier of NCERT page 147 Class 12"
34) Mary Mallon bio
typhoid infection
35) Norman.E.Borlaug aworked at International
Centre for Wheat and
NCERT page 173 Class 12th
bio
Maize Improvement in
Mexico and developed
semi dwarf variety
ofwheat
36) Alexander Fleming a) developed the first e NCERT page 182 Class 12th
Penicillin while workingd bio
M 1 9 4 5

on staphylococcus uuttum noAalm

37) s
HOU
t Chain & a) used penicillin to its full NCERT page 182 Class.12th

Harar& Florey potential during Ww2 to

treat solaersam Pabuand ss H
38) Herbert Boyer a) studied restriction pOtttial au Utec MHbu
'NCERT page 192 lass 12th
enzymes.on E.Coli bio
b) with Stanley Cohen NCERT page 194 Class 12th
formed the first R-DNA bio
39) Stanley Cohen a) developed a method of NCERT page 192 Class 12th
removing plasmids form abio
cell and inserting them
into other cells
40) Ramdeo Misra a) Father of Ecology in India NCERT page 218 Class 12th
bio
41) Conell a) did elegant field NCERT page 235 Class 12th
experiments on barnacle bio
Balanus and Chlamathus
42) Gause a) gave the principle of NCERT page 235 Class 12th
competitive exclusion
43) MacArthur a) did experiments on NCERT page 235 Class
warblers to prove the bio
12th
principle of Resource
Partitioning
44) Robert Constanza
a)put price tags nature's
on
NCERT page 255 Class
and colleagues life support services 12th
bio

45) Edward Wilsppn a) popularised the term NCERT page 258 Class 12th
Biodiversity bio
46) Robert May a) gave an estimate of about NCERT page 259 Class 12th
7 million species bio
present
on Earth
47) Alexander Von 4umda) gave species area NCERT page 262.Class 12th

Humboldt NatulaauM relationshp ueÁAM bio

goquaphuua) said that the outdoor plots

48) David Tillman
d MMA
NCERT page 263 Class 12"

with mare species show bio

duwnd
isductiuy inlesstotal to year
yearbiomass
NCERT page 263 Class 12"
49) Paul Ehlrich. a) gave the Rivet Popper
Hypothesis
bio
NCERT Supplementary
50) Ernst Haedkel a) gave Embryological
material page 289 Class 12th
support for evolution
theory of NCERT Supplementary
51) Karl Ernst Von Baer the
a) disproved
embryological support for Material page 289 Class 12th
evolution